TY - JOUR A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - No/Low SAP and Alternative Engine Oil Development and Testing JF - Journal of ASTM International N2 - The use of alternative base oils, like esters or polyglycols, with more intrinsic properties for the lubrication of automobile engines has a potential for ecological and technical advantages. Being in competition with hydrocarbon-based formulations, detailed knowledge of several thermophysical and viscometric properties as well as tribological properties over a large temperature range are required (mapping). The tested polymer-free polyglycols and ester-based formulations displayed no visible tribological weaknesses regarding wear resistance and EP-behavior as well as offering significant advantages in order to meet metal- and ash-free and bio-no-tox criteria. Especially the formulated polyglycols without friction modifiers also showed an intrinsic retention of low coefficients of friction and a hydrodynamic film forming behavior comparable to hydrocarbon-based factory-fill oils. The wear resistance and EP-behavior of low-additivated polyglycols, but also of esters, can be enhanced by means of triboactive materials. Lubricious oxides or triboactive materials and polar base oils, or a combination thereof, may substitute the EP and AW properties realized by the additives, thus enabling long drains and responding to “eco-tox” or “bio-no-tox” requirements as well as restrictions from the “chemical box.” KW - Ester KW - Polyglycol KW - PAG KW - PPG KW - Factory fill KW - Hydrocarbon KW - Engine oil KW - Bio-oils KW - Eco-lubricants KW - EAL KW - Bio-no-tox oils KW - Heat capacity KW - Density KW - Viscosity KW - Pressure-viscosity KW - Thermal conductivity KW - Mixed KW - Boundary KW - Lubrication KW - Low sap KW - Mid sap KW - Wear KW - Friction KW - Triboactive materials PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI100898 SN - 1546-962X VL - 4 IS - 10 (Paper ID JAI100898) SP - 35 EP - 47 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials CY - West Conshohocken, Pa. AN - OPUS4-16502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -