TY - CONF A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Seifert, Lando A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Investigation of corrosion behavior of S355 steel in artificial seawater and sediment N2 - The safe operation of offshore wind turbines places high demands on corrosion protection. This is particularly the case about the planned future extension of the service life beyond 25 years. The highly corrosive environment towards metallic materials leads to a loss of material thickness of the tower structure and thus to a deterioration of mechanical properties. This can be counteracted by corrosion protection measures adapted to the respective load case, such as organic coatings and cathodic corrosion protection (CCP). Much research has already been done in this area about inhibiting the corrosion process and there are regulations and guidelines that specify requirements for corrosion protection to achieve the required service lives. However, gaps exist regarding free corrosion. This plays a greater role especially for time intervals during the installation of the plants and their maintenance, during which often no CCP can be operated. This applies to the exposure areas in the underwater and sediment area. This problem is intensified by the difficult to estimate corrosion rates caused by the different zones, with their different amounts of dissolved oxygen and the various influencing factors. This paper deals with experiments conducted in a laboratory container with artificial seawater and sediment in basins. T2 - AMPP Annual Conference + Expo 2025 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 06.04.2025 KW - Seawater KW - Sediment KW - Corrosion KW - Offshore KW - Foundation KW - Element current PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.5006/C2025-00002 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - AMPP CY - Houston TX USA AN - OPUS4-62963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Zekhnini, Khalid A1 - Seifert, Lando A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Grabowski, Sven T1 - Schlussbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben „Verbundvorhaben: "KKS-Gründung" - Korrosionsmonitoring und aktiver kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von Offshore-Gründungsstrukturen - Teilvorhaben: Korrosionsprüfungen im Laborcontainer“ in der Fördermaßnahme „Anwendungsorientierte nichtnukleare FuE im 6. Energieforschungsprogramm“ im Förderbereich „Windenergie“ N2 - Das Ziel des Verbundforschungsvorhabens KKS-Gründung war die Entwicklung eines Monitoringsystems zur Erfassung von Korrosion an Gründungsstrukturen im Labormaßstab. Dafür war eine umfassende Bewertung und Beschreibung korrosionsbeeinflussender Faktoren und der Korrosionssysteme notwendig. Im Vorhaben KKS-Gründung wurde die Gründungsstruktur unterhalb der Wasserlinie betrachtet bis hin zum anaeroben Bereich im Sediment. Insbesondere der Sedimentbereich wurde bisher nur unzureichend betrachtet. Da die komplexen Mechanismen in der Sedimentzone noch nicht ausreichend wissenschaftlich untersucht wurden, mussten Möglichkeiten entwickelt werden, um diese zu bewerten. Im Verbundforschungsvorhaben KKS-Gründung agierte die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) als Forschungsstelle. Die Hauptziele des Teilvorhabens der BAM waren die Bereitstellung einer Messumgebung für das von den Partnern entwickelte Monitoringsystem, die umfassende wissenschaftliche Beschreibung der Korrosionssysteme im Unterwasserbereich und Sediment sowie die Gewinnung von Messdaten zur Verifizierung und Überführung in die Simulation. Als Forschungsstelle war die BAM der Ansprechpartner für die Verbundpartner bei wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen. Die Hauptziele des Vorhabens wurden erreicht und es wurden grundlegende Erkenntnisse zum Korrosionsverhalten von Offshore-Stahl im Unterwasser und Sedimentbereich gewonnen. Darüber hinaus wurden wichtige Erkenntnisse zum Betrieb eines Laborcontainers und zur Nachstellung von Korrosionssystemen in Meerwasserbecken bei Verwendung von künstlichem Meerwasser und Sand als Sediment gewonnen. Eine Beschreibung und Bewertung der Korrosivität und ablaufender Reaktionen in den einzelnen Belastungszonen wurde mittels elektrochemischer und gravimetrischer Verfahren vorgenommen. KW - Korrosionsschutz KW - KKS KW - Korrosionsmonitoring KW - Offshore-Windenergieanlagen KW - Meerwasser KW - Sediment PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569252 SP - 1 EP - 74 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56925 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Field exposure study under sheltered and open exposure conditions at different test sites in Germany: First‐year corrosion rate and atmospheric corrosivity N2 - The corrosivity of atmospheres in Europe has changed significantly in recent decades. For the Federal Republic of Germany, no current values for the corrosion rate based on 1‐year atmospheric exposure of standard specimens can be found in the scientific literature after 2000. This paper presents results from a field exposure study in the Berlin metropolitan area and Helgoland in 2016. Based on standard specimens, values for the corrosion rate and the corresponding atmospheric corrosivity category are determined for open exposure and indirect weathering in a ventilated enclosure as sheltering after 1 year of exposure. The results prove that determined corrosivity categories are material‐specific. Sheltered exposure is a typical atmospheric situation for many building components. It allows statements on the effect of the concentration of airborne substances on the corrosivity beyond the normative requirements. KW - Atmospheric corrosion KW - Corrosivity category KW - ISO 9223 KW - Mass loss KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565099 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202213582 SN - 0947-5117 (print) SN - 1521-4176 (online) SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-56509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Vorstellung des WIPANOVerbundforschungsvorhabens GELELEK: Forschungsziele und Ergebnisse N2 - Der Vortrag stellt das WIPANO-Forschungsvorhaben GELELEK vor und fasst die wichtigsten erzielten Ergebnisse zusammen. T2 - Sitzung des GfKORR Arbeitskreises „Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz von Eisen und Stahl“ CY - Online meeting DA - 08.12.2022 KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen KW - Normung KW - Ringversuch KW - WIPANO KW - Zink KW - Korrosion PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56502 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Stainless steels: Fundamentals and causes for corrosion defects N2 - The presentation gives an overview about the fundamentals on stainless steels. The mechanism of passive layer formation is explained and strategies for securing corrosion protection are given. The influence of a grinding process on corrosion resistance is discussed. T2 - Tech-Day Mettler Toledo CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2022 KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Grinding KW - KorroPad KW - Surface PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Vorstellung des Konzeptes und der Ziele des Arbeitskreises „Atmosphärische Korrosion“ N2 - Der Vortrag wurde im Rahmen der konstituierenden Sitzung des Arbeitskreises "Atmosphärische Korrosion" der GfKORR - Gesellschaft für Korrosionsschutz e.V. gehalten. Er stellt die zur Diskussion stehenden Fragestellungen und Herausforderungen im Bereich der atmosphärischen Korrosion zusammen, denen sich der neue Arbeitskreis widmen wird. T2 - Konstituierende Sitzung des GfKORR-Arbeitskreises „Atmosphärische Korrosion“ CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 19.09.2022 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Korrosion KW - Korrosionsschutz PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55772 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Field exposure studies under sheltered and unsheltered conditions at different test sites in northern and eastern Germany: Update after 5 years of exposure N2 - A series of field exposure tests according to ISO 9223 up to 9226 was carried out at different locations to determine the corrosivity and the corrosion progress of different test sites throughout northern and eastern Germany. Standard test specimens of steel, zinc, copper and aluminium were exposed to rural, city and marine atmosphere at test sites of the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM). Test sites at city atmosphere comprised exposure on a rooftop, next to a highly frequented road and directly at a motorway. Exposure under marine conditions was carried out at Heligoland in the North Sea. The specimens were stored under sheltered and unsheltered conditions on each test site, respectively. Corrosion rates after the first year of field exposure were determined and used for the classification of the atmospheres and the test sites regarding the corrosivity category. Results after the first year of exposure were presented at the EUROCORR 2018 in Cracow. The current presentation will present an update of results of the systematic study after five years of exposure. The corrosion progress and the mass loss of the standard metals steel, zinc, copper and aluminium will be presented and discussed with respect to the atmospheric conditions and the time of wetness at the test sites. In addition, the difference between sheltered and unsheltered conditions will be discussed. T2 - EUROCORR 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.08.2022 KW - Atmospheric Corrosion KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen KW - Corrosion testing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - et al., T1 - Exposure Site Catalogue - Catalogue of atmospheric corrosion field exposure sites in Europe N2 - Exposure sites and outdoor exposure have always been a part of atmospheric corrosion research providing the “final answer”, although at the cost of long exposure times. Individual exposure programs such as ISOCORRAG, MICAT and ICP Materials have resulted in collaborative networks of exposure sites. So far, however, there has been no collective effort to put together currently active sites in a comprehensive manner and across programs and nations. The information collected in the catalogue is possible thanks to the work of all individual site managers listed as contact persons, efforts of members of Working Party 25 (WP25) Atmospheric Corrosion of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) and financial support of the EFC. With this Catalogue you can both get a general overview of what is available and be guided if you are looking for a particular environment with certain characteristics. KW - Atmospheric Corrosion KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Corrosion KW - Korrosion KW - Exposure KW - Auslagerungsversuche PY - 2022 UR - https://efcweb.org/Scientific+Groups/WP25_+Atmospheric+Corrosion/Current+Activities/_/Exposure%20site%20catalogue%20EFC%20lores.pdf SP - 1 EP - 56 PB - European Federation of Corrosion, EFC AN - OPUS4-55284 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - New findings on the formation of corrosion product layers on zinc in the atmosphere N2 - The presentation shows systematic investigations to describe the corrosion and corrosion product formation processes of pure zinc under the climatic conditions currently prevailing in the Federal Republic of Germany. The investigations in their entirety aim at questioning current and establishing new ways of looking at the formation of corrosion products of pure zinc under atmospheric corrosion conditions. Thus, they make a significant contribution in understanding corrosion protection by zinc and zinc coatings. In particular, the focus is placed on the initial stage of the corrosion product formation. A systematic investigation of this time range, which is characterized by very reactive corrosion products, is only made possible by using gel-type electrolytes. The short periods of time at the beginning of weathering is now measurable and their influence on the formation of corrosion products and the kinetics of layer formation describable. By combining the new electrochemical approach with gravimetric, microscopic and analytical methods, new insights could be gained both on a methodic and scientific level. T2 - 26th International Galvanizing Conference and Exhibition CY - Rome, Italy DA - 20.06.2022 KW - Atmospheric Corrosion KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion products KW - Gel-type electrolytes KW - Zinc PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55113 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mensinger, M. A1 - Fischer, O. A1 - Oberhaidinger, F. A1 - Stimmelmayer, L. A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Grouted joint for integral composite frame bridges suitable for hot dip galvanizing N2 - Due to the corrosion resistance of carbon steel, bridge constructions are currently protected against corrosion by applied coating systems. These coating systems need to be renewed after approximately 25 50 years. Galvanized constructions without any welding areas at the construction site could be prepared as grouted joints and can be used without any renewing for about 100 years. T2 - Intergalva 2022 CY - Rome, Italy DA - 20.06.2022 KW - Corrosion KW - Galvanized steel KW - Bridge PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55096 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -