65159 2024 eng 1 16 1 131 article Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1 -- -- -- Among writing substrates produced historically in different regions of the world, paper is one of the most complex materials. Its complexity results not only from a variety of highly processed ingredients, which can be used in its production, but also from a variety of methods in which these materials are combined to form the fibrillar network referred to as paper. While material identification methods are well established in the analysis of historical papers, the identification of manufacturing technologies is still an under-researched topic, that requires the development of appropriate methods and measurement protocols. This paper reports on the results of a research project aimed at the application of synchrotron scanning small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method in the characterization of paper structure, with emphasis on the assessment of fibrillar orientation as a marker characteristic for different, historical papermaking technologies. The main objective of this study consists of the development of a measurement protocol involving the SAXS technique complemented by other analytical methods in the characterization of the fibrous paper structure. Applied Physics A 0947-8396 10.1007/s00339-024-08157-4 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651594 true journal-article https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 crossref PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_3,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleAbstract_1,TitleParent_1,ArticleNumber,Issue,Volume,PublishedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence doi-import 17.12.2025 false true Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International Małgorzata Grzelec Sylvio Haas Agnieszka Helman-Ważny eng uncontrolled SAXS eng uncontrolled Paper analysis eng uncontrolled Papermaking technology eng uncontrolled Fiber orientation Analytische Chemie 4 Material und Umwelt 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse Chemie und Prozesstechnik Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik Verlagsliteratur Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access") Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65159/2025_Grzelec et al_s00339-024-08157-4.pdf