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    <id>64201</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VHC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Recipe‐Free Synthesis of Optimal Operation Trajectories for Batch Processes Based on Process Models</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractBatch processes are usually operated following recipes, which are based on experience and expert knowledge. This ensures feasible and safe operation, because process constraints are indirectly included in the recipe. However, the recipe structure itself constrains the solution space and might exclude other more efficient trajectories. Therefore, the hidden constraints are explicitly formulated, and the arising optimization problem is solved without using prior knowledge in the form of recipes. Case studies are performed on rigorous models of a batch reactor and a batch distillation column. It is demonstrated that the optimization problem formulated as a smoothed dynamic nonlinear programming problem outperforms a mixed‐integer formulation. Finally, a multi‐objective case is investigated that strongly outperforms a recipe‐based benchmark.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemie Ingenieur Technik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0009-286X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/cite.70029</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642012</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.10.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Torben Talis</author>
    <author>Marie Pfafferott</author>
    <author>Erik Esche</author>
    <author>Jens‐Uwe Repke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Batch process operation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Control vector parameterization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nonlinear optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sequential optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64201/CIT-2025-Talis-RecipeFreeSynthesisofOptimalOperationTrajectoriesforBatchProcessesBased.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65001</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="deu">Explosionsschutz - Grundlagen und Maßnahmen zum nichtelektrischen Explosionsschutz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Geräte und Maschinen, die zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen gemäß 2014/34/EU konstruktiv vorgesehen sind, muss in der europäischen Union eine Zündgefahrenbewertung durchgeführt werden. Dabei müssen alle 13 Zündquellen betrachtet werden. Eine Teilmenge der 13 Zündquellen sind die Gefahren von nichtelektrischen Zündquellen, zu denen auch die mechanischen Schlag-, Schleif- und Reibvorgänge gehören. Bei mechanischen Schlagvorgängen kommt es infolge des Zusammenstoßes zweier Werkstücke bzw. Bauteile zu einer Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie. Dabei erhöht sich die Temperatur der Werkstoffe an der Kontaktstelle und es kommt unter Umständen zu einem Abtrennvorgang kleiner Partikel erhöhter Temperatur. Sowohl die heißen Kontaktstellen (Zündquelle "heiße Oberflächen") als auch die abgetrennten Partikel (Zündquelle "mechanisch erzeugte Funken") können eine wirksame Zündquelle für ein explosionsfähiges Gasgemisch darstellen. Zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten wurden in der Norm DIN EN ISO 80079-36:2016 die Gasgemische anhand ihrer Explosionsgruppe klassifiziert und zu jeder Gruppe die maximale Energie des Schlagvorgangs festgelegt, unter derer die Entstehung einer wirksamen Zündquelle als unwahrscheinlich angenommen werden kann. Weitere Festlegungen von Grenzwerten für die kinetische Schlagenergie und geeignete Werkstoffpaarungen finden sich u.a. in der DIN EN 1755 (ex-geschützte Flurförderzeuge) und in der DIN EN 14986 (ex-geschützte Ventilatoren).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Ausbildung zum Explosionsschutzbeauftragten</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Grunewald</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schlagfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schleiffunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reibfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanisch erzeugte Funken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nichtelektrische Funken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanischer Explosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65327</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">MR Datenhub - Das Rückgrat für die industrielle MR-Anwendung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Einsatz von Mixed-Reality-(MR)-Anwendungen in der chemischen Prozessindustrie bietet das Potenzial für sicherere und effizientere Prozessauslegung, Anlagenwartung und Betriebsabläufe sowie für eine vereinfachte Schulung von Bedienpersonal. In der Praxis wird die Umsetzung jedoch häufig durch hohen Backend- und Frontend-Entwicklungsaufwand, die heterogene Landschaft an Datenquellen (z. B. Automatisierungssysteme und Engineering-Daten) sowie Anforderungen an Datenschutz, Pseudonymisierung und Rechtemanagement erschwert – insbesondere bei kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen. Diese Arbeit stellt den MR-Datenhub als wiederverwendbares Entwicklungs-Framework und Integrationsrückgrat für industrielle MR-Anwendungen vor. Der Ansatz kombiniert (1) ein vorkonfiguriertes, wiederverwendbares Backend- und Frontend-Framework, (2) standardisierte Schnittstellen zur Datenintegration sowie (3) einen Pseudonymisierungsdienst für personenbezogene und potenziell gesundheitsbezogene Daten, um DSGVO-konforme MR-Anwendungen zu unterstützen. Der Datenhub setzt auf eine GraphQL-basierte Serverarchitektur und ermöglicht die systematische Modellierung und Anbindung relevanter Datenquellen. Ergänzend wird eine Datenlandkarte vorgestellt, die domänenspezifische Standards und technische Frameworks systematisch erfasst, einordnet und strukturiert. Sie dokumentiert zudem die Mappings zwischen den Standards und spezifiziert deren Zuordnungsregeln. Der MR-Datenhub wird bereits in Projekten wie MR4SafeOperations und KeepCool eingesetzt und dient dort als Integrationsbasis für MR-gestützte Arbeitsabläufe.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MR4B-Konferenz (Mixed Reality for Business)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.07.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Shady Khella</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mixed Reality</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Datenintegration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pseudonymisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65326</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Enhancing Chemical Process Design: Aligning DEXPI Process with BPMN 2.0 for Improved Efficiency in Data Exchange</title>
    <abstract language="eng">BPMN 2.0 is a widely adopted standard across various industries, primarily used for business process management outside of the engineering sphere [1]. Its long history and widespread use have contributed to a mature ecosystem, offering advanced software tools for editing and optimizing business workflows.&#13;
DEXPI Process, a newly developed standard for early-phase chemical process design, focuses on representing Block Flow Diagrams (BFDs) and Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs), both crucial in the conceptual design phase of chemical plants. It provides a standardized way to document design activity, offering engineers a clear rationale for design decisions [2], which is especially valuable during a plant’s operational phases. While DEXPI Process offers a robust data model, it currently lacks an established serialization format for efficient data exchange. As Cameron et al. note in [2], finding a suitable format for DEXPI Process remains a key research area, essential for enhancing its usability and adoption. So far, Cameron et al. have explored several serialization formats for exchanging DEXPI Process information, including AutomationML, an experimental XML, and UML [2]. &#13;
This work aims to map the DEXPI Process data model to BPMN 2.0, providing a standardized serialization for the newly developed standard. Mapping DEXPI Process to BPMN 2.0 also unlocks access to BPMN’s extensive software toolset. We investigate and validate the effectiveness of this mapping and the enhancements it brings to the usability of DEXPI Process through a case study based on the Tennessee-Eastman process, described in [3]. We then compare our approach with those of Cameron et al. in [2].&#13;
We conclude by presenting our findings and the key benefits of this mapping, such as improved interoperability and enhanced toolset support for chemical process engineers. Additionally, we discuss the challenges encountered during the implementation, including aligning the differences in data structures between the two models. Furthermore, we believe this mapping serves as a bridge between chemical process design engineers and business process management teams, unlocking opportunities for better collaboration and integration of technical and business workflows.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ghent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">09.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>Shady Khella</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data Modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DEXPI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>BPMN</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65325</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Simplifying the Development of Industrial Mixed Reality Applications Using the MR DataHub</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Usage of mixed reality (MR) applications in the chemical process industry can offer safer and more efficient process design, plant maintenance, and operational workflows, as well as easier operator training. Despite this potential, the development of MR applications is still slow and often impeded by high costs – especially for small and medium-sized companies. To this end, this contribution presents the MR DataHub, a framework that simplifies MR application development by providing a pre-configured backend environment for data integration and by automating frontend code generation.&#13;
The MR DataHub consists of a containerized backend server that enables connections to external data sinks and sources through standard interfaces such as REST API, MQTT, and OPC UA. Hence, it can link automation systems, enterprise resource management, and / or engineering data to the MR frontend environment. It enables the exchange of live process data and control commands, providing the MR application with essential operational information. Based on the linked sinks and sources, the MR DataHub automatically generates type and class definitions for a frontend Unity engine. Furthermore, MR DataHub offers predefined, extensible GraphQL schemas for various industry domain standards, including DEXPI P&amp;ID and DEXPI Process, enabling faster integration of standardized data into industrial MR applications.&#13;
The benefits of the MR DataHub are demonstrated in the MR4SafeOperations project (https://mr4b.de/wir-buendnis-mr4b-projekte/mr4safeoperations/), where an MR application was developed using the MR DataHub to guide plant operators in liquid sampling procedures by providing step-by-step visual guidance integrated with live process and engineering data – enhancing operational safety. Preliminary evaluations indicate significant reductions in development time of the MR application by relying on MR DataHub’s pre-configured backend environment, predefined interfaces, and extensible GraphQL schemas.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">PEMT 2025 - Annual Meeting of Process Engineering and Materials Technology</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Frankfurt am Main, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.11.2025</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Shady Khella</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mixed Reality</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data Integration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pseudonymisation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitilization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Software Development</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65321</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Parameter Estimation of Dynamic Models Using Time Series Extrinsic Regression</title>
    <abstract language="eng">An ML approach for parameter estimation of dynamic models is proposed, in which Time Series Extrinsic Regression (TSER) is used to learn the inverse mapping of the time series output to the underlying time-invariant parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first deliberate application of TSER and its methods to parameter estimation of dynamic models.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">BAM Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>John Paul Gerakis</author>
    <author>Torben Talis</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Parameter Estimation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dynamic Models</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time Series Extrinsic Regression</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65320</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Improving Trust in Dynamic Optimization on Surrogates by Using Classifiers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Dynamic real time optimization of chemical processes requires fast models. So, data-driven surrogate models are often used. However, these models do not contain information on the feasible region of the underlying rigorous model. Therefore, the data-driven regressor is combined with an additional classification model to prevent faulty extrapolations.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">BAM Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Torben Talis</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machine learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dynamic optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Classification</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast/>
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    <title language="eng">Query Your Handbooks – Processing of Industrial Documentation with LLMs</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Operation and maintenance tasks in an industrial context are complex and often time- consuming processes. The manufacturer-provided manuals form the foundation for these processes. However, finding the required information from manuals remains an arduous task. During a maintenance task, the relevant information from plant documentation should be directly available. Along the individual process steps, questions may arise that require information from documentation. To make plant documentation queryable, a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) system was developed. This technique is ideal for cases with little training data, in which fine-tuning of large language models (LLM) is ill-advised. The plant documentation serves as an external knowledge base for answering incoming questions with links to the original documents. Before the RAG development, comprehensive pre-processing of documents takes place, which here is divided into three main blocks: (1) Bill of materials are recognized, page references are stored, and tables are extracted. (2) Technical drawings are also recognized, their page reference is saved, and then passed to a multi-modal LLM (MMLLM), which extracts title and drawing number. (3) The manual is divided into chapters so that each query can be thematically assigned to one or more chapters where appropriate answers are sought. To provide further context, the operation and maintenance tasks are modeled using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), an international standard for representation of business processes. As a case study, the maintenance of an industrial pump is used. Along the maintenance process, questions are passed to LLM and RAG to provide concise answers.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.11.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Sarah Karioui</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ML</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Maintenance</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65354</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Comparison of Multi-Fidelity Modelling Methods for Bayesian Optimization</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This poster summarizes a comparative study of multi-fidelity modeling approaches for Bayesian optimization, focusing on how low-fidelity data can be systematically integrated with high-fidelity evaluations to improve optimization efficiency. Several Gaussian process–based methods, including multi-task models, prior mean approaches, and Kennedy–O’Hagan–type formulations, are evaluated on standard benchmark functions. The results highlight strengths and limitations of each approach, emphasizing challenges such as robustness of training, nonlinear inter-fidelity relationships, and potential bias introduced by prior mean models. The poster was presented at ESCAPE35 and subsequently at the BAM internal AI Symposium.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ghent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.07.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Stefan Tönnis</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bayesian Optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-fidelity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64479</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>204</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Experimental Study on Thermal Exposure of Pipes to Steady Hydrogen Jet Fire Impingement</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Jet fires resulting from the accidental release of pressurized hydrogen represent a critical issue, especially due to their potential to trigger a domino effect. The lack of studies on the characterisation of the conditions experienced by, and response of, structures and process equipment directly engulfed in a hydrogen jet fire is of concern to industry. This work presents a characterisation study of a hydrogen jet fire with respect to the conditions experienced by an engulfed object. The total heat flux, along with its radiative component, was measured for hydrogen mass flow rates ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 kg/s. Heat fluxes exceeding 700 kW/m2 were measured at a location that coincided with the point of jet impact. The maximum radiative fraction measured was 20 % at the back of the tube where the specimen could receive radiation from the majority of the flame plume. It is concluded that conditions within hydrogen jet fires are notably more severe than those in hydrocarbon jet fires (for which a heat flux of 350 kW/m2 is considered high). This suggests that PFP systems should not be automatically assumed to provide protection against hydrogen jet fires without further research or actual test evidence of performance.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Process Safety and Environmental Protection</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0957-5820</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.psep.2025.108017</identifier>
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    <author>Ian Bradley</author>
    <author>Martin Kluge</author>
    <author>Abdel Karim Habib</author>
    <author>Giordano Emerys Scarponi</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Jet Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire Protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pfp</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64606</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>76</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>28</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Pressure-Liquefied Ammonia Jet Dispersion: Multi-Model Intercomparison Using Desert Tortoise and FLADIS Field Data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This paper presents the findings of an international model inter-comparison exercise that was undertaken in the period 2021-2024 to assess the performance of atmospheric dispersion models for simulating releases of pressure-liquefied ammonia. The exercise used data from ammonia field trials dating from the 1980s and 1990s: the Desert Tortoise and the FLADIS trials. Concentration data from two arcs of sensors in the Desert Tortoise trials and three arcs of sensors in the FLADIS trials were used. Twenty-one independent modelling teams from North America and Europe participated in the exercise and provided in total twenty-seven sets of results from a range of different models, including empirically-based nomograms, integral, Gaussian puff, Lagrangian particle, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. The work is novel in presenting the results from such a large cohort of models, examining specifically the dispersion behaviour of ammonia. This is particularly relevant at the current time, given the growing international interest in using ammonia as a clean energy vector and shipping fuel.&#13;
The study found that the agreement between model predictions and measurements (as determined by performance measures such as geometric mean bias and geometric variance) varied between different models. At any downwind distance, the range in predicted plume arc-max concentrations spanned a range of up to one or two orders of magnitude about the measurements. Several modelling teams used the same models and, in most cases, their predictions differed. Given appropriate inputs, most models generally predicted concentrations that agreed with the data within commonly-used model acceptance criteria. There was no single class of model that provided superior predictions to others; predictions from several empirically-based nomograms, integral, Gaussian puff, Lagrangian particle, and CFD models were all in close agreement with the data (as defined by the model acceptance criteria).&#13;
The findings of the exercise are being used to help plan a programme of future ammonia experiments in the USA, called the Jack Rabbit III trials. The results are also useful for assessing the performance of models that may be applied to assess risks at ammonia facilities, and for emergency planning and response.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Atmospheric Environment: X</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2590-1621</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100389</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-646069</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Simon Gant</author>
    <author>Joseph Chang</author>
    <author>Rory Hetherington</author>
    <author>Steven Hanna</author>
    <author>Gemma Tickle</author>
    <author>Tom Spicer</author>
    <author>Sun McMasters</author>
    <author>Shannon Fox</author>
    <author>Ron Meris</author>
    <author>Scott Bradley</author>
    <author>Sean Miner</author>
    <author>Matthew King</author>
    <author>Steven Simpson</author>
    <author>Thomas Mazzola</author>
    <author>Alison McGillivray</author>
    <author>Harvey Tucker</author>
    <author>Oscar Björnham</author>
    <author>Bertrand Carissimo</author>
    <author>Luciano Fabbri</author>
    <author>Maureen Wood</author>
    <author>Abdel Karim Habib</author>
    <author>Mike Harper</author>
    <author>Frank Hart</author>
    <author>Thomas Vik</author>
    <author>Anders Helgeland</author>
    <author>Joel Howard</author>
    <author>Lorenzo Mauri</author>
    <author>Shona Mackie</author>
    <author>Andreas Mack</author>
    <author>Jean-Marc Lacome</author>
    <author>Stephen Puttick</author>
    <author>Adeel Ibrahim</author>
    <author>Derek Miller</author>
    <author>Seshu Dharmavaram</author>
    <author>Amy Shen</author>
    <author>Alyssa Cunningham</author>
    <author>Desiree Beverly</author>
    <author>Daniel M. O’Neal</author>
    <author>Laurent Verdier</author>
    <author>Stéphane Burkhart</author>
    <author>Chris Dixon</author>
    <author>Sandra Nilsen</author>
    <author>Robert Bradley</author>
    <author>Hans L. Skarsvåg</author>
    <author>Eirik H. Fyhn</author>
    <author>Ailo Aasen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ammonia</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Atmospheric dispersion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Validation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Jack rabbit</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64606/Gant_et_al_Pressure-Liquefied Ammonia Jet Dispersion.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64340</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>51008-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>51008-8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>148</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ASME International</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Experimental Investigation of Large-Scale Hydrogen Diffusion Jet Flames</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen is a promising alternative to natural gas in industrial energy applications to limit global warming. However, wide application of hydrogen requires specific safety considerations taking into account that hydrogen is stored and transported under much higher pressure than natural gas. Thus, one scenario to be considered for hazard assessment is a sudden release of hydrogen from a leakage or safety valve and its subsequent ignition. For hydrocarbon flames, various jet flame models are available. However, hydrogen flames significantly differ from hydrocarbon flames in their combustion behavior, so that the applicability of these models to hydrogen has to be investigated. For that purpose, reals scale tests were carried out at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. In these tests, the flame geometry and the thermal heat radiation were investigated for a release angle of 90°, for different release pressures (up to 220 bar) and mass flows (up to 0.175 kg/s). Most existing data on thermal radiation are based on unsteady flow conditions and/or still air, whereas the experiments carried out here ensure a constant mass flow under realistic free-field conditions (with wind influence). This allows a better comparability with the stationary jet flame models and assessment of wind influence on model predictions. A number of parameters such as the surface emissive power and the radiant heat fraction were determined. A detailed comparison of the obtained experimental results with literature radiation models was performed. Based on the investigations, empirical equations for modelling jet flames could be derived.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0742-4795</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1115/1.4070012</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643401</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2025 Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Memphis, Tennessee, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.06.2025</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <author>Abdel Karim Habib</author>
    <author>Martin Kluge</author>
    <author>Bernd Schalau</author>
    <author>Hanjo Kant</author>
    <author>Marcel Schulze</author>
    <author>Alessandro Orchini</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen release</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiant heat fraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Jet flame</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64340/GTP-25-1325.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65401</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>24</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>113</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Explosion behavior of hybrid mixtures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Flammable mixtures of dusts with gases or liquids occur in the process and energy industries. Most research about these so-called "hybrid mixtures" was, and still is, about coal dust with the admixture of methane because of their occurrence in the mining industry. In the modern industry, hybrid mixture explosions play an increasing role in many existing processes like spray-drying, or in emerging technologies like the direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen or nuclear/fusion reactors. While some safety characteristics of one of the component substances stay the same or are unaffected by the concentrations that occur in the process, others are severely influenced by only traces of the other substance.&#13;
&#13;
This review paper shows in which processes and applications hybrid mixtures pose a risk and gives an overview of the research conducted in the last 150 years. Findings that are reproducible and represent current proven knowledge are stated and compared to each safety characteristic containing only solid particles, gases or liquids as combustible substances. Additionally, fundamental studies on the mechanisms of flame propagation in hybrid mixtures are reviewed. The significance of these studies in enhancing our understanding of explosion behaviors in hybrid mixtures is also discussed. An outlook on what has been missing so far in the literature, is also given comparing the knowledge of single substances with their mixtures, why this might not have been investigated, and where the challenges lie.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Progress in energy and combustion science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0360-1285</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.pecs.2025.101276</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654013</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Stefan Spitzer</author>
    <author>P. Amyotte</author>
    <author>E. Salzano</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hybrid mixtures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety characteristics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Combustion regimes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Industrial explosions</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65401/10_1016_j_pecs_2025_101276.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65360</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <title language="eng">Thermal radiation of inclined large scale hydrogen jet flames</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to assess the thermal radiation emanating from hydrogen jet flames, experiments under real scale conditions were carried out at the Test Site Technical Safety of BAM. Herein, the behavior of inclined hydrogen jet flames was investigated. The aim of the work is to determine the Surface Emissive Power and radiant heat fraction of these flames and to provide a reliable dataset for model evaluation purposes. Since the aforementioned values are not directly measurable, the incident heat radiation was measured at defined distances from the flame, as well as the flame's shape and size. The required values were then derived from these measurements. The hydrogen releases ranged from 0.005 kg/s to 0.175 kg/s with a 30 mm orifice. The mass flows were held constant during the releases, nevertheless a transient behavior of the flame could be observed since the experiments were carried out under open field conditions, with unsteady wind fields. In the literature, the flame lengths are often determined using visible light imaging, either by injecting coloring substances in the low light emitting hydrogen jet flame or by carrying out the measurements in darkness. In this work the jet flames were visualized using infrared (IR) and OH* imaging. The recorded flame shapes and resulting flame lengths are compared. Results from this showed that the flame lengths determined with OH* and IR recordings differ greatly. A flame length ratio l_(f OH*)/l_(f IR) in the range of 0.47-0.62 can be found. In addition, the SEP differ also in the range of 10 kW/m²-16 kW/m² (IR) and 40 kW/m²-80 kW/m² (OH*) for hydrogen jet flames due to differences in the determined flame surface. Conclusions regarding the determined x_(RAD )values for IR and OH* result in approximately the same range of 0.031-0.043.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROGEN SAFETY 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seoul, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen release</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inclined jet flame</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IR and OH* measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiant heat fraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65518</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>39</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>50</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>3</volume>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Thermal Radiation Of Inclined Large Scale Hydrogen Jet Flames</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to assess the thermal radiation emanating from hydrogen jet flames, experiments under real scale conditions were carried out at the Test Site Technical Safety of BAM. Herein, the behavior of inclined hydrogen jet flames was investigated. The aim of the work is to determine the Surface Emissive Power (SEP) and radiant heat fraction of these flames and to provide a reliable dataset for model evaluation purposes. Since the aforementioned values are not directly measurable, the incident heat radiation was measured at defined distances from the flame, as well as the flame’s shape and size. The required values were then derived from these measurements. The hydrogen releases ranged from 0.0125 kg/s to 0.175 kg/s with a 30 mm orifice. The mass flows were held constant during the releases, nevertheless a transient behavior of the flame could be observed since the experiments were carried out under open field conditions, with unsteady wind fields. In the literature, the flame lengths are often determined using visible light imaging, either by injecting coloring substances in the low light emitting hydrogen jet flame or by carrying out the measurements in darkness. In this work the jet flames were visualized using infrared (IR) and OH* imaging. The recorded flame shapes and resulting flame lengths are compared. Results from this showed that the flame lengths determined with OH* and IR recordings differ greatly. A flame length ratio lf OH*/lf IR in the range of 0.47–0.62 can be found. In addition, the SEP differ also in the range of 10 kW/m2–16 kW/m2 (IR) and 40 kW/m2–80 kW/m2 (OH*) for hydrogen jet flames due to differences in the determined flame surface. Conclusions regarding the determined xRAD values for IR and OH* result in approximately the same range of 0.031–0.043.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Hydrogen Safety</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2943-5935</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.58895/hysafe.27</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655181</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">11th Iinternational conference on hydrogen safety  2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seoul, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <author>Abdel Karim Habib</author>
    <author>Philipp Maximilian zur Nedden</author>
    <author>Jakob Georg Raimund von Saldern</author>
    <author>Jan Paul Beuth</author>
    <author>Alessandro Orchini</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Jet flames</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Large scale experiment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
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    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65518/Thermal Radiation Of Inclined Large Scale Hydrogen Jet Flames_Bernardy_etal.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65316</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <title language="eng">Generating Design Options in Basic Engineering Using the Semantic Web</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Chemical process design begins with a pen and paper draft of a block flow diagram (BFD). This BFD is then further specified into a process flow diagram (PFD), which contains more detailed design decisions and elaborates on the type of unit operation or equipment to realize the functional process steps. Currently, most of this design workflow is done manually and relies on heuristics and engineering expertise. Instead, this contribution automates the generation of design alternatives in the early stages of process design using semantic web technologies. &#13;
DEXPI Process, a newly developed standard, offers a semantic data model designed to formalize design information relevant for BFDs and PFDs. Using the DEXPI Process standard to formalize basic BFDs, our approach queries publicly available standards, reference data libraries (RDLs), and ontologies to generate design options that shall then be further investigated in simulation tools. The queries retrieve lists of equipment types capable of realizing respective functions. Throughout this process, our framework makes use of the SPARQL query language as part of the semantic web technology stack. The key benefit of this approach is its reliance on dynamic, linked open data rather than on hard-coded relationships between process steps and equipment. This ensures that data can be regularly updated and sourced from multiple providers. In doing so, our work showcases the importance of RDLs and linked open data, encouraging engineers, equipment vendors, and other stakeholders to adopt technologies for machine-accessible data. &#13;
We demonstrate the functionality of this workflow by generating design alternatives for the well-known Tennessee Eastman process. In this case study, our system successfully identifies a range of feasible design alternatives, illustrating both the potential of the semantic web approach and the current limitations of available RDLs. While this work focuses on generating design options in basic engineering, future research aims to use semantic web technologies to generate P&amp;ID base structures starting with information from BFDs and PFDs.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">PEMT 2025 - Annual Meeting of Process Engineering and Materials Technology</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Frankfurt am Main, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.11.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Shady Khella</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Semantic Web</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DEXPI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Knowledge Graph</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Artificial Inteligence</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65362</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>ICHS (HySafe)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Thermal radiation of inclined large scale hydrogen jet flames</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to assess the thermal radiation emanating from hydrogen jet flames, experiments under real scale conditions were carried out at the Test Site Technical Safety of BAM. Herein, the behavior of inclined hydrogen jet flames was investigated. The aim of the work is to determine the Surface Emissive Power and radiant heat fraction of these flames and to provide a reliable dataset for model evaluation purposes. Since the aforementioned values are not directly measurable, the incident heat radiation was measured at defined distances from the flame, as well as the flame's shape and size. The required values were then derived from these measurements. The hydrogen releases ranged from 0.005 kg/s to 0.175 kg/s with a 30 mm orifice. The mass flows were held constant during the releases, nevertheless a transient behavior of the flame could be observed since the experiments were carried out under open field conditions, with unsteady wind fields. In the literature, the flame lengths are often determined using visible light imaging, either by injecting coloring substances in the low light emitting hydrogen jet flame or by carrying out the measurements in darkness. In this work the jet flames were visualized using infrared (IR) and OH* imaging. The recorded flame shapes and resulting flame lengths are compared. Results from this showed that the flame lengths determined with OH* and IR recordings differ greatly. A flame length ratio l_(f OH*)/l_(f IR) in the range of 0.47-0.62 can be found. In addition, the SEP differ also in the range of 10 kW/m²-16 kW/m² (IR) and 40 kW/m²-80 kW/m² (OH*) for hydrogen jet flames due to differences in the determined flame surface. Conclusions regarding the determined x_(RAD )values for IR and OH* result in approximately the same range of 0.031-0.043.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS 2025)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">979-12-243-0274-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11th International conference on hydrogen safety 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seoul, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
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    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <author>Abdel Karim Habib</author>
    <author>Philipp Maximilian zur Nedden</author>
    <author>Jakob Georg Raimund von Saldern</author>
    <author>Jan Paul Beuth</author>
    <author>Alessandro Orchini</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IR and OH* measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen release</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inclined jet flame</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiant heat fraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62522</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>94</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Simplifying standards, opening restrictions Part I: The influence of the test vessel volume on the maximum explosion pressure of dusts</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Explosion characteristics are widely used in the process industries to determine the potential hazard of the used substances. In the American and European standards for determination of the maximum explosion pressure of dusts, the measured pressure is corrected if the tests are conducted in the 20L-sphere. This correction formula increases the measured values if they are above 5.5 bar g. It also causes, that the only two volumes for testing that are used are the standard 1m³ and the 20L-sphere because it is unclear whether corrections are necessary and, if so, what correction should be applied at other volumes. In this article explosion tests were performed with four different dusts, lycopodium, lignite, aluminum, and nitrocellulose, in four different vessel sizes: 20 L, 250 L, 365 L, and 1000 L to investigate the influence of the vessel size.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries</parentTitle>
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    <author>Vojtech Jankuj</author>
    <author>Jan Skrinsky</author>
    <author>Arne Krietsch</author>
    <author>Martin Schmidt</author>
    <author>Ulrich Krause</author>
    <author>Richard Kuracina</author>
    <author>Zuzana Szabová</author>
    <author>Stefan Spitzer</author>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dusts</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure rise</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ignition</value>
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    <title language="eng">The Hazard of Soy Flour, n‑Hexane, and Their Hybrid Mixtures in the Extraction Process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Soybean oil takes around half of the vegetable oil resources in the world, increasing in importance constantly. Besides, soy oil plants have experienced numerous accidents due to the coexistence of soy flour and hexane (as a solvent) in the extraction process, thus creating a hazardous environment. This study aims to find the maximum pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise, and the minimum ignition energy of soy flour−hexane mixtures through specific experiments by varying the concentration of fuels in air and ignition mechanism (chemical igniters or exploding wires). The results have shown that soy flour alone is hard to ignite, whereas adding hexane even in small amounts increases the hazard and the severity of the explosions considerably. Eventually, the substitution of hexane with a greener and safer extraction agent should be of utmost focus.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.iecr.4c01498</identifier>
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    <author>Stefan Spitzer</author>
    <author>Siavash Aghaei</author>
    <author>Enis Askar</author>
    <author>Arne Krietsch</author>
    <author>Ernesto Salzano</author>
    <subject>
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      <value>Hybrid Explosions</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Safety characteristics</value>
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    <subject>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hexane</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Soy Flour</value>
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    <title language="deu">Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz: Zündgefahren durch Funken - Grundlagen und Maßnahmen zum Explosionsschutz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Geräte und Maschinen, die zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen gemäß 2014/34/EU konstruktiv vorgesehen sind, muss in der europäischen Union eine Zündgefahrenbewertung durchgeführt werden. Dabei müssen alle 13 Zündquellen betrachtet werden. Eine Teilmenge der 13 Zündquellen sind die Gefahren von nichtelektrischen Zündquellen, zu denen auch die mechanischen Schlag-, Schleif- und Reibvorgänge gehören. &#13;
&#13;
Bei mechanischen Schlagvorgängen kommt es infolge des Zusammenstoßes zweier Werkstücke bzw. Bauteile zu einer Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie. Dabei erhöht sich die Temperatur der Werkstoffe an der Kontaktstelle und es kommt unter Umständen zu einem Abtrennvorgang kleiner Partikel erhöhter Temperatur. Sowohl die heißen Kontaktstellen (Zündquelle "heiße Oberflächen") als auch die abgetrennten Partikel (Zündquelle "mechanisch erzeugte Funken") können eine wirksame Zündquelle für ein explosionsfähiges Gasgemisch darstellen. &#13;
&#13;
Zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten wurden in der Norm DIN EN ISO 80079-36:2016 die Gasgemische anhand ihrer Explosionsgruppe klassifiziert und zu jeder Gruppe die maximale Energie des Schlagvorgangs festgelegt, unter derer die Entstehung einer wirksamen Zündquelle als unwahrscheinlich angenommen werden kann. Weitere Festlegungen von Grenzwerten für die kinetische Schlagenergie und geeignete Werkstoffpaarungen finden sich u.a. in der DIN EN 1755 (ex-geschützte Flurförderzeuge) und in der DIN EN 14986 (ex-geschützte Ventilatoren).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Ausbildung zum Explosionsschutzbeauftragten</enrichment>
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    <author>Thomas Grunewald</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Schlagfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schleiffunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reibfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanischer Explosionsschutz</value>
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    <title language="eng">Turbulence effect on the determination of powders safety characteristics — A review on the experimental findings and simulation approaches</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Safety characteristics are widely used in the process industry to design facilities in a safe way. For powders, they are normally investigated under turbulent conditions inside a spherical test vessel, the so called 20L-sphere, to disperse the dust in air. This has been the target of many researchers to either investigate the turbulence that is present during the standardized test conditions, to compare it to quiescent conditions or to manipulate it for the comparison to other conditions. The approaches have been numerous and while the focus used to be on obtaining different experimental results it has shifted more and more to different kinds of simulations. This review gives an overview about different simulation approaches and how they can be compared. It is also an overview over the experimental findings and compares it to data obtained for three different dusts while changing the pre-ignition turbulence level in a very fine way.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Powder Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120694</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625216</identifier>
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Explor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2025.120694_b91","article-title":"Effects of turbulence on dust explosions","author":"Amyotte","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. 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Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120694"}}</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Maria Portarapillo</author>
    <author>Almerinda Di Benedetto</author>
    <author>Stefan Spitzer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dusts</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure rise</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ignition</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>400</volume>
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    <title language="eng">A first step towards a standardized iron fuel: Safety characteristics of several pure iron powders</title>
    <abstract language="eng">While the use of iron powder as a dense energy carrier has clear advantages over other carriers such as hydrogen and ammonia in terms of health and safety, risks may still emerge from the powder if accidentally dispersed in air during handling, transport and storage. Since the safety characteristics of dusts are affected by, among others, its particle size distribution, chemical properties and moisture content, it is hard to implement safety measures and select the most promising reduction method without a prior explosion testing. Various production and reduction methods are currently being investigated, each producing a morphologically different type of powder. In one of the key databases on safety characteristics of dusts from the Federation of the Statutory Accident lnsurance of Germany, the maximum explosion pressure ranges from non-explosible (=0) to 5.1 bar and the deflagration index goes up to 111 bar*m /s. In this work the safety characteristics of four different iron dusts, produced via three different reduction methods, are investigated using a 20-Liter sphere according to ISO/IEC 80079–20-2:2016–12 (explosibility). Three of the dusts were found to be explosible and were further tested according to EN 14034–1 (maximum explosion pressure) and EN 14034–2 (maximum rate of pressure rise). Though they were found explosible they were all categorized in dust class St1 as mildly explosible. The morphology of the powder was analyzed before the explosion tests using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The particle size distribution was also determined. Since the chemical properties and the moisture content are known, the findings may be applicable to implementation at larger scale without prior testing of every powder.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Fuel</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0016-2361</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135824</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.06.2025</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Spitzer</author>
    <author>Nicole C. Stevens</author>
    <author>Arne Krietsch</author>
    <author>Roy T.E. Hermanns</author>
    <author>Ekaterina Makarova</author>
    <author>Ivan Lorenzon</author>
    <author>Albert C. van Genderen</author>
    <author>Conrad J.M. Hessels</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Energy carrier</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion pressure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion protection</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>60596</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>7</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI AG</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Study of the Safety Characteristics of Different Types of Pepper Powder (Capsicum L.)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This research was aimed at comparing the fire characteristics of different types of pepper in the context of explosion prevention. The following characteristics were studied: explosion pressure Pmax and Kst at selected concentrations, ignition temperature of the deposited dust layer from the hot surface, and minimum ignition energy. The comparison of the chemical properties of the used types of pepper was performed using TG/DSC. The results of the measurements suggest that different types of peppers exhibit different explosion characteristics. Each sample reached the maximum value of the explosion pressure and rate of pressure rise at different concentrations. The volume of the explosion chamber used also influenced the explosion characteristics. It is a consequence of the fact that the explosion characteristics strongly depend on the mechanism of action of a particular igniter. The minimum effect on the safety characteristics was observed when measuring the minimum ignition energy and the minimum ignition temperature of the dust layer from the hot surface. The results of the measurements suggest that different types of peppers exhibit different explosion characteristics. This information should then be considered in explosion prevention.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Fire</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/fire7070229</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605965</identifier>
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The results of the measurements suggest that different types of peppers exhibit different explosion characteristics. This information should then be considered in explosion prevention.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.3390\/fire7070229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T16:58:42Z","timestamp":1719939522000},"page":"229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of the Safety Characteristics of Different Types of Pepper Powder (Capsicum L.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Kos\u00e1r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integral Safety, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J\u00e1na Bottu, 2781\/25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Szabov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integral Safety, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J\u00e1na Bottu, 2781\/25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1468-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Kuracina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integral Safety, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, J\u00e1na Bottu, 2781\/25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6851-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan H.","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIfI\u2014Tech e.V., Universit\u00e4tspark 1\/1, 73525 Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd, Germany"},{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und pr\u00fcfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"3.71 Safety Characteristics in Explosion Protection, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt\u2014Nationales Metrologieinstitut, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3816-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Mynarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fire Protection, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava, Lum\u00edrova 630\/13, V\u00fd\u0161kovice, 700 30 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Bohdan","family":"Filipi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fire Protection, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava, Lum\u00edrova 630\/13, V\u00fd\u0161kovice, 700 30 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"container-title":["Fire"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-6255\/7\/7\/229\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T19:35:48Z","timestamp":1719948948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-6255\/7\/7\/229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["fire7070229"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/fire7070229","relation":{},"ISSN":["2571-6255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2571-6255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]}}}</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.08.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>László Kosár</author>
    <author>Zuzana Szabová</author>
    <author>Richard Kuracina</author>
    <author>Stefan Spitzer</author>
    <author>Miroslav Mynarz</author>
    <author>Bohdan Filipi</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dust explosions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pepper samples</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion characteristics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion protection</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60596/fire-07-00229.pdf</file>
  </doc>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
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    <issue/>
    <volume>138</volume>
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    <title language="eng">The Exploding Wire: A novel ignition source for the determination of safety characteristics of dusts and hybrid mixtures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the determination of safety characteristics of dusts there are mainly chemical igniters in use. Especially for the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise there is no standard with another ignition source. The chemical igniters have the disadvantage of being very hard to obtain in most countries and they are even illegal in some. This leads to the fact, that those countries are not able to investigate the safety characteristics or only with a high effort by sending dust samples to facilities outside the country. This article presents a novel ignition source and describes how to build it. It is also the first step to place this ignition source into the dust standards in the future.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Electrostatics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0304-3886</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.elstat.2025.104188</identifier>
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    <author>Stefan Spitzer</author>
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    <abstract language="eng">Isopropyl myristate (IMA) is a fatty ester widely used in cosmetic applications, and it is mainly produced by esterification of myristic acid (MA) and isopropanol (IPA), with water (W) as byproduct. Due to chemical equilibrium limitations, various process intensification approaches have been proposed to improve its production; however, they still involve significant uncertainties as they are based on theoretically predicted phase equilibria due to a lack of experimental-based models. Then, the presented study aimed to experimentally characterize the phase equilibrium behavior of mixtures containing IPA, W, IMA, and MA. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) experiments were conducted under isothermal conditions for the binary systems IMA+IPA and MA+IPA within the range of 55–80 °C. Also, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary systems IPA+W+IMA, IPA+W+MA, and W+IMA+MA were measured at temperatures ranging from 60 to 80 °C. Additionally, Solid-Liquid Equilibrium (SLE) data for mixtures of IMA+MA were obtained at temperature in-between 8 and 50 °C, and pure thermal properties of IMA and MA were characterized via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Using the collected VLE, LLE and SLE experimental data, binary interaction parameters for NRTL model were fitted through optimization. Conflicting requirements in VLE and LLE data were addressed through Pareto front analysis, yielding two new parameters sets: one for predominant VLE description and the other for more accurate LLE representation. These sets of parameters would be suitable for the conceptual design and simulation of sequential and/or simultaneous reaction-separation processes to produce IMA via esterification.</abstract>
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    <abstract language="deu">Es wird ein historischer Abriss über die Entwicklung des Leitfadens KAS-18 und damit zusammenhängenden Papieren gegeben. Es wird der aktuelle Diskussionsstand vorgestellt.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">MR4SafeOperations: Mixed reality system for training and supporting industrial plant personnel.</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Operation and maintenance tasks in industrial process plants are complex and safety-critical, often relying on heterogeneous documentation and limited contextual support for field personnel. This work presents MR4SafeOperations, a mixed reality–based system designed to assist operators during operation and maintenance activities through context-aware, hands-free guidance. Using a vacuum distillation sampling procedure as a case study, operational workflows are formalized with BPMN and structured according to ISA-88.1 principles. Process data, 3D plant models, P&amp;IDs, and procedural information are integrated via standardized interfaces into a mixed reality application. The system enhances situational awareness, reduces cognitive load, and supports safer decision-making during plant operation. The results demonstrate the potential of mixed reality to improve safety, efficiency, and usability in industrial process environments.</abstract>
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    <author>Hernán Darío Muñoz Gil</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Safety</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mixed Reality</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Operation &amp; Maintenance</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Digital workflows</value>
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    <title language="deu">KEPLER – Kollaborative Mixed Reality Plattform für das Engineering im Anlagenbau durch Integration der Domänenmodelle BIM und DEXPI</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In den frühen Entwurfsphasen von verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen innerhalb von Gebäuden müssen Verfahrens- und Bauingenieur:innen eng zusammenarbeiten. Dabei nutzen sie jedoch unterschiedliche Werkzeuge, Datenmodelle und Austauschstandards – etwa DEXPI in der Verfahrenstechnik und IFC im Bauwesen –, was den Datenaustausch zwischen den Disziplinen erschwert und häufig zu Inkonsistenzen führt. Das KEPLER-Projekt entwickelt eine Mixed-Reality-Plattform für die dreidimensionale Anordnung von Anlagenkomponenten durch die Integration der Standards DEXPI und IFC.</abstract>
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    <author>Rebecca Lewerenz</author>
    <author>Felix Komander</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interoperabilität</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>DEXPI</value>
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      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>BIM</value>
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      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IFC</value>
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      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Preengineering</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mixed-Reality</value>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
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    <volume>206</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Parameter estimation in dynamic multiphase liquid–liquid equilibrium systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Modeling dynamic systems with a variable number of liquid phases is a challenging task, especially in scenarios where the model is designed for optimization tasks such as parameter estimation. Although there exist methods to model the appearance and disappearance of liquid phases in dynamic systems, they usually require integer variables. In this work, the smoothed continuous approach (SCA) is developed for use with a large number of solvers, since it relies only on continuous variables. To demonstrate the applicability of the new method, the SCA is then applied to model the batch esterification of acetic acid with 1-propanol to water and propyl acetate, and to estimate the reaction parameters. Since the mixture may separate into two liquid phases during the course of the reaction, the parameters are estimated with information on the liquid compositions of both separated liquid phases, which improves the accuracy of the parameter estimates and opens new possibilities for optimal experimental design.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Computers &amp; Chemical Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0098-1354</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.compchemeng.2025.109485</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650059</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Volodymyr Kozachynskyi</author>
    <author>Dario Staubach</author>
    <author>Erik Esche</author>
    <author>Lorenz T. Biegler</author>
    <author>Jens-Uwe Repke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Parameter Estimation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Uncertainty</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dynamic Modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
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    <title language="eng">Exploring disjunctive programming formulations for optimal design of distillation columns</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Automating process synthesis presents a formidable challenge in chemical engineering. Developing frameworks that are both general and accurate – while remaining computationally tractable – is particularly demanding. To further increase the solvable problem size, an advanced optimization framework is proposed, leveraging Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) for process synthesis and design problems. This framework allows for multiple improvements over existing Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) formulations, aiming to enhance feasibility and reduce solution time. &#13;
Process synthesis problems are typically posed as nonlinear optimization problems with continuous and discrete variables. Traditionally, these are formulated as MINLP problems, where discrete variables appear as integer or binary variables. These are usually relaxed to continuous variables to solve the MINLP. &#13;
In practice, the (in-)equality constraints are obtained starting from logical expressions, which are reformulated as algebraic constraints. Disjunctive expressions are typically converted into mixed integer constraints by using “big-M” constraints [1]. An alternative reformulation for treating disjunctions is the convex hull (chull) formulation, which achieves superior relaxation tightness but is rarely used due to its greater complexity and potential numerical difficulties [2].&#13;
Recent advances in GDP allow for automatic reformulation of optimization problems, e.g., by big-M or chull. Furthermore, dedicated GDP solution algorithms are now available [3]. Unlike conventional Branch and Bound or Outer Approximation algorithms, their logic-based counterparts can neglect inactive equations, reducing the size and complexity of subproblems. This is achieved by deactivating unused model equations during the solution procedure, as shown by Lee et al. [4].&#13;
This point is particularly interesting for chemical engineering, as a lot of time is spent computing NLP subproblems. Also, model formulation can have a large impact on the solution times of MINLP [1]. However, evaluating various model formulations tends to be rather tedious. Especially detailed model formulations that include rigorous thermodynamics and kinetics tend to increase the model size significantly. As a first step for further exploitation of GDP for process synthesis and process design, we developed a modeling environment and automatic code generation framework for GDP. This contribution aims at investigating different problem formulations for GDP in process design facilitated by the new framework.&#13;
For maximum flexibility and independence from any given programming language, the modeling and problem formulation is implemented within MOSAICmodeling [5], a platform that allows for model formulation at the documentation level. Users formulate equations in LaTeX, which are then translated into MathML/XML preserving all relevant information while remaining as general as possible. The first step hereby consists in the definition of a suitable notation. This defines all possibly occurring variables and their indices and sets the basis of all MathML/XML operations. To include GDP into this workflow, already existing variable definitions were extended to also include logical / Boolean variables. Equations are created based on those extended notations: Basic logical operators – and (∧), or (∨), not (¬), implication (⇒), and equivalence (⇔) – were added to include logical expressions. Furthermore, disjunctions can be created by linking Boolean variables with single equations or sets of equations. The resulting systems defined in MathML/XML can be exported to any programming language using MOSAICmodeling’s UDLS feature [6], which has been extended tocapture connections between disjunctive, logical variables, and their associated equations, allowing for code export to GAMS, Julia, and Pyomo. &#13;
Four different MINLP/GDP formulations were implemented in MathML/XML in MOSAICmodeling, exported, and evaluated within pyomo regarding their benefits in optimizing thermal separation problems. For this case study, the MINLP formulation of Kraemer et al. [7] is evaluated (pureMINLP), which determines the optimal column height to achieve desired product specifications while minimizing costs for a multicomponent distillation column. The MINLP formulation varies locations of feed, reflux, and boilup streams. Each separation stage is modeled rigorously applying thermodynamics of varying complexity.&#13;
An alternative, GDP formulation (pureGDP) specifies disjunctions for each separation stage as in [QGrossmann2000rig]. The disjunctive variables decide which stages are active or not. For active stages, the stage formulation is the same as above. For inactive stages, a passthrough of liquid and vapor streams without thermodynamic calculations is applied. The feed location is modeled as a nested disjunction for the active stages.&#13;
Two additional formulations, in between pureMINLP and pureGDP, apply different levels of relaxation: Feed relaxed GDP (fr-GDP) employs the disjunctive formulation for the stages, while applying pureMINLP’s formulation for the feed location. Decision variable GDP (dv-GDP) on the other hand, applies a formulation that translates directly into the pureMINLP formulation if the dv-GDP is relaxed by BigM and the M is chosen accordingly.&#13;
The four different MINLP/GDP formulations are combined with two different implementations for thermodynamics calls: (1) explicit formulation using the Antoine equation for vapor pressures, linearized heats of evaporation, and constant specific heat capacities; (2) external thermodynamic function calls using a CAPE-OPEN interface with TEA as thermodynamics engine [8]. Note that the same thermodynamic models are used for explicit and external thermodynamics implementations to ensure comparability of the solutions. However, the interface supports any CAPE-OPEN compliant thermodynamics engine, allowing for even highly complex equations of state, such as, PC-SAFT. Future work will therefore also include non-idealities, which is not in scope of this contribution.&#13;
To evaluate the performance of available GDP solvers, the formulations in MathML/XML are exported to pyomo. Exports to julia and GAMS were also developed. However, they currently lack support for dedicated GDP solvers.&#13;
Three different GDP formulations (rGDP, cGDP and bGDP) were investigated with respect to runtime until an optimal solution was found. These formulations were benchmarked against a commonly used pMINLP formulation. The maximum number of stages for all columns were 32, of which 30 were choosable by the optimizer. &#13;
&#13;
We discovered that all GDP formulations perform worse or equal to the pMINLP formulation. However, some formulations outperform others. It was shown, that the inclusion of mass and energy balances of the separation stages into the global constraints is absolutely nescessary to robustly find the optimal stage number. Their inclusion into the disjuncts leads to a degradation of the outer approximation linearization and therefore hinders the solution process. It was also shown, that the bGDP formulation can greatly improve the solution time, by structuring the active stages into binary encoded blocks. This reduces the required binary variables, leading to improved solver Performance. Lastly, we were able to show, that the bGDP achieves pairity in runtime with the pMINLP benchmark, showing strong indications that bGDP can surpass the pMINLP formulation in future, more advanced optimization Problems.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
This study also shows that simply transforming an MINLP formulation into a GDP does not necessarily yield benefits. Runtime strongly varies across the three GDP formulations. To this end, further investigations for efficient exploitation of GDP for process synthesis is required. Our modeling framework in MathML/XML now supports fast formulation of highly complex GDPs and evaluation in a variety of supporting platforms (pyomo, julia, GAMS), speeding up the process of tailoring problem formulations.&#13;
The investigated problem sizes are small, chosen as a proof of concept for formulation, code generation, and solution of GDPs. Given the runtime of the investigated problems, increasing system size is feasible. Future work will aim to increase the total system size and move towards more general process synthesis, potentially putting GDP problem runtime below that of relaxed MINLP.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AIChE Annual Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Boston, MA, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.11.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Lukas Scheffold</author>
    <author>Erik Esche</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Generalized Disjunctive Programming</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automatic Code Generation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distillation Column</value>
    </subject>
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    <title language="eng">Mixed Reality for Safe Operations: Connecting MR Devices to Process Automation and Documentation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The industrial sector faces challenges in ensuring safety and efficiency of operation and maintenance tasks (OMT). These tasks involve manual interventions such as equipment inspections or sample extractions. OMT require workers to communicate with control rooms and follow strict operational protocols while managing physical and cognitive loads. Common challenges include safety risks, the difficulty of using safety gear, limited accessibility to information, inefficient communication, and high (human) error rates. &#13;
While chemical plants traditionally rely on paper-based workflows to tackle the mentioned challenges, we present an approach that leverages digital checklists to model workflows, integrating them with industrial documentation and process automation systems. We combine these elements into contextualized workflows that are deployed in a Mixed Reality (MR) application allowing to support personnel with hands-free execution, real-time verification, and an MR-based human-machine interface (HMI). This integration enhances safety through automated system checks and MR-guided validation while reducing the cognitive load on personnel. We present an MR prototype based on a vacuum distillation sampling procedure that grants access to documentation, interfaces with process control systems, and manages workflows dynamically. Compared to conventional industrial checklists, our approach reduces errors by combining gamification, IT-based validation, and immersive task visualization while enabling hands-free task execution.&#13;
As future work, we envision a generalized framework for rapidly incorporating new tasks, enhancing adaptability in industrial environments. This research paves the way for standardized MR solutions in chemical plant operations, ultimately improving efficiency, safety, and workforce engagement.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Process Engineering and Materials Technology (PEMT)</enrichment>
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    <author>Hernán Darío Muñoz Gil</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Safety</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Mixed Reality</value>
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      <value>Operation &amp; Maintenance</value>
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      <value>Digital workflows</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Process control system</value>
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    <title language="eng">Applying Time Series Extrinsic Regression to Parameter Estimation Problems for Dynamic Models - an Alternative for Gradient-Free Approaches?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Time series analysis is a well-established field within the machine learning community, with two prominent applications being time-series forecasting, i.e., surrogate models, predicting the next time step for the systems outputs, and time-series classification, where complete timeseries are mapped to discrete labels, e.g. a sensor is either working or defective. Time-Series Extrinsic Regression (TSER), however, is a method for predicting continuous, time-invariant variables from a time series by learning the relation between these underlying parameters and the complete dynamic time series of the outputs without focusing on the recent states. E.g., it can be used to predict the heart rate based on an ECG signal. TSER as a research field was only established in 2021, but it is gaining traction ever since and it is used e.g. in the field of manufacturing technology to predict steel surface roughness from laser reflection measurements. It is applied, when there are no models available.&#13;
&#13;
Parameter Estimation (PE) is a common task in chemical engineering. It is used to adjust model parameters to better fit existing dynamic models to experimental time series data. This becomes more challenging in higher dimensions and for dynamic systems, where sensitivity and identifiability may change over time. There already exists a multitude of algorithms to solve the problem, including second-order methods that leverage information from Jacobian and Hessian matrices, as well as gradient-free optimization techniques, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) or simulated annealing. However, with the growing establishment of machine learning (ML) in an increasing number of domains, the question arises as to whether, and if so, how, ML in general and TSER in particular can be employed to solve PE problems.&#13;
&#13;
This study marks the first application of TSER to PE problems. A comparative analysis is conducted between TSER and PSO, in terms of prediction accuracy, computational cost and data efficiency. We investigate, whether it is viable to use TSER, when there is a model available.&#13;
&#13;
Our methodology to regress model parameters via ML builds on the typical assumption, that a structurally correct and rigorous model, which can be simulated at low cost, is available. At the beginning, the boundaries of the parameter space are defined. This space is then sampled using Sobol sequences and the model is simulated. The resulting trajectories, along with their corresponding parameters, constitute the training data set. These trajectories are transformed through application of the “RandOm Convolutional Kernel Transform” method resulting in novel features, which are subsequently used to train the regressor model. This regressor returns predictions for the parameters.&#13;
&#13;
In a case study, the method is applied to predict the heat transfer and kinetic parameters of a batch reactor based on simulated data. However, real measurements are often not continuously available, but are taken only at rare, discrete points in time, and different variables are measured at different, asynchronous intervals. This is also mimicked in the synthetic training data, so the influence of heterogeneity on the results can be shown and over- or undersampling strategies are applied to counteract the effect.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.07.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Torben Talis</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Time Series Extrinsic Regression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Parameter Estimation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machine Learning</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65161</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Generalised Disjunctive Programming for Process Synthesis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Automating process synthesis presents a formidable challenge in chemical engineering. Par-ticularly challenging is the development of frameworks that are both general and accurate, while remaining computationally tractable. To achieve generality, a building block-based modelling approach was proposed in previous contributions by Kuhlmann and Skiborowski and Krone et al.. This model formulation incorporates Phenomena-based Building Blocks (PBBs), capable of depicting a wide array of separation processes. To maximize accu-racy, the PBBs are interfaced with CAPE-OPEN thermodynamics, allowing for detailed ther-modynamic models within the process synthesis problem. However, the pursuit of gener-ality and accuracy introduces increased model complexity and poses the risk of combinatori-al explosion. To address this and enhance tractability, developed a structural screening method that forbids superstructures leading to infeasible configurations. These combined innovations allow for general, accurate, and tractable superstructures. &#13;
To further increase the solvable problem size, we propose an advanced optimization frame-work, leveraging generalized disjunctive programming (GDP). It allows for multiple im-provements over existing MINLP formulations, aiming at improving feasibility and solution time. This is achieved by deactivation of unused model equations during the solution proce-dure. Additionally, Grossmann showed that a disjunctive branch-and-bound algorithm can be postulated. This provides tighter bounds for linear problems than those obtained through reformulations used in conventional MINLP solvers, reducing the required solution time. &#13;
Building on these insights, it is of interest whether these findings extend to nonlinear sys-tems. To investigate this, we developed a MathML/XML-based automatic code generation tool inside MOSAICmodeling, which formulates complex nonlinear GDP and exports them to conventional optimization environments (Pyomo, GAMS etc.).  These are then coupled with structural screening methods and solved using out-of-the-box functionalities for GDP solution. To validate the proposed approach, a case study is conducted involving two PBBs, previously published by Krone et al.. The study compares the performance of the GDP-based optimization framework against conventional MINLP approaches. Preliminary results suggest that the GDP-based framework offers computational advantages over conventional MINLP formulations. The full paper will present detailed comparisons, offering insights into the practical applicability and benefits of GDP.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Gent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Lukas Scheffold</author>
    <author>Erik Esche</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distillation Column</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Generalized Disjunctive Programming</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65160</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Harnessing Disjunctive Programming Formulations for Process Synthesis Problems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Automating process synthesis presents a formidable challenge in chemical engineering. Particularly demanding is the development of frameworks that are both general and accurate, while remaining computationally tractable. To further increase the solvable problem size, an advanced optimization framework is proposed, leveraging Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) for process synthesis and optimization problems. It allows for multiple improvements over existing MINLP formulations, aiming at improving feasibility and solution time. This is achieved by deactivation of unused model equations during the solution procedure as shown by Lee et al. [1]. Using MOSAICmodeling’s [2] capability to automatically generated code for GDP problems, several different GDP formulations were evaluated regarding their possible benefits for optimizing thermal separation problems. It is shown, that taking an MINLP formulation and solely transforming it to GDP does not necessarily yield the described benefits. However, combining the conventional MINLP formulation of Kraemer et al. [3] with a GDP approach that deactivates unused stages scales superiorly compared to the conventional approach.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">PEMT 2025 - Annual Meeting of Process Engineering and Materials Technology</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Frankfurt am Main, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Lukas Scheffold</author>
    <author>Erik Esche</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distillation Column</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Generalized Disjunctive Programming</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.2 Prozesssimulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65040</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Eine Frage der Technik? Verfahren und Kriterien für den sicheren Betrieb von Wasserstoffanlagen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das Webinar wird im Rahmen von TransHyDE Systemanalyse (AP5.3 Akzeptanzbewertungen) durchgeführt und adressiert aus einer interdisziplinären Perspektive relevante Aspekte der Sicherheit und öffentlichen Risikowahrnehmung von Wasserstoffprojekten. Dabei erfolgt ein Überblick über Standards der sicherheitstechnischen Forschung, Einblicke aus der Projektkommunikation mit Akteuren und Bürger*innen sowie die Vorstellung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse zur öffentlichen Wahrnehmung der Risiken von Wasserstofftechnologien. Die Diskussion geht den u.a. Fragen nach, welche Rolle das Thema Sicherheit in der aktuellen Planungspraxis spielt, wie transparent über Risiken kommuniziert werden kann, ohne Vertrauen zu gefährden und welche Kommunikationsansätze sich als zielführend zeigen, um gesellschaftlichen Unsicherheiten zu begegnen. Der Vortrag zeigt auf, dass der sichere Betrieb von Anlagen nicht nur mit der Technologie alleine gewährleistet werden kann.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Lunch Talk: Wasserstoff im Fokus: Sicherheit, Risikowahrnehmung und Kommunikation</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Kai Holtappels</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gefahrenanalyse</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Methoden</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kriterien</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64098</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>The American Society of Mechanical Engineers</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Livingston</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental investigation of large-scale hydrogen diffusion jet flames</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen is a promising alternative to natural gas in industrial energy applications which would serve the goal of limiting global warming. However, wide application of hydrogen requires specific safety considerations taking into account that hydrogen is stored and transported under much higher pressure than natural gas. Thus, one scenario to be considered for hazard assessment is a sudden release of hydrogen from a leakage or safety valve and its subsequent ignition. For hydrocarbon flames, various jet flame models are available. However, hydrogen flames significantly differ from hydrocarbon flames in their combustion behavior, so that the applicability of these models to hydrogen has to be investigated. For that purpose, reals scale tests were carried out at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety. In addition, hydrocarbon jet flames (methane) were investigated. In these tests, the flame geometry and the thermal heat radiation were investigated for a release angle of 90°, for different release pressures (up to 220 bar) and mass flows (up to 0.175 kg/s). While existing heat radiation data from the literature are mostly based on unsteady outflow conditions and/or releases in still air, the experiments presented here are focused on ensuring a constant mass flow over the release duration under realistic free field conditions (with wind influence). This allows a better comparability with the stationary jet flame models and assessment of wind influence on model predictions. A number of parameters such as the surface emissive power of the jet flame and the radiant heat fraction were determined. A detailed comparison of the obtained experimental results with literature radiation models was performed. Good agreement between experimental and literature data was found for hydrogen whereas significant differences were identified for methane. Based on the investigations, empirical equations for modelling jet flames could be derived.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2025: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition (GT2025): Volume 2</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7918-8877-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1115/GT2025-FM2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">American Society of Mechanical Engineers - Turbomachinery Technical Conference &amp; Exposition GT2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Memphis, TN, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.11.2025</enrichment>
    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <author>Abdel Karim Habib</author>
    <author>Martin Kluge</author>
    <author>Bernd Schalau</author>
    <author>Marcel Schulze</author>
    <author>Hanjo Kant</author>
    <author>Alessandro Orchini</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen release</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Jet flame</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiant heat fraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65762</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Sauerstoffsicherheit in Elektrolyseanlagen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Nichtmetallische Materialien müssen für den Einsatz in Sauerstoff unter Druck geprüft werden. Im S3dEL Projekt wird die O2-Sicherheit für Elektrolyseanlagen untersucht und ein Prüfverfahren entwickelt das reale EL-bedingungen abbildet, als Erweiterung zur standardisierten Prüfung mit reinem O2.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Berliner Fachtagung für Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Karsten Duch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sauerstoffsicherheit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sauerstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elektrolyse</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65761</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Experimentelle und numerische Charakterisierung von Druckwellen im offenen Stoßwellenrohr zur Auslegung von Entlastungssystemen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In industriellen Prozessanlagen können Druckwellen bei unfallbedingten Ereignissen (z. B. Detonation oder Bersten von Druckbehältern) schwere Schäden verursachen. Die Norm EN ISO 4126 beschreibt daher Druckentlastungseinrichtungen, die in solchen Fällen wirksam eingreifen. Dabei entweicht das Gas nach dem Öffnen der Berstscheibe und belastet das Umfeld, wie zum Beispiel benachbarte Module oder Personal (Burgess et al 2013). Daher soll in dieser Arbeit das Strömungsfeld hinter solch einer Einrichtung betrachtet werden, um exemplarisch Daten zur Einschätzung der Gefährdung im Nahbereich hinter einer Berstscheibe zu geben.&#13;
Zu diesem Zweck wurde auf dem BAM TTS ein Versuchskonzept entwickelt, bei dem ein druckfester Autoklav (Stoßwellengenerator, SWG) als zu entlastende Anlage dient. Damit lassen sich die Ausbreitung und die Impulsübertragung von Gasen und Druckwellen sowie deren Phänomenologie am offenen Ende mit verschiedenen Gasen untersuchen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse eines Gemischs aus Acetylen und Sauerstoff vorgestellt. Dieses Gemisch wurde gewählt, da es hohe Explosionsdrücke und Flammentemperaturen erreicht, die mit anderen Gasgemischen kaum möglich sind und somit ein Worst-Case-Szenario darstellt. Eine solche Untersuchung wurde bereits mit Wasserstoff durchgeführt (Kuang et al. 2024).&#13;
Es wurden verschiedene Auslassgeometrien von Schutzarmaturen – etwa Entlastungsöffnungen, wie bereits von Heinrich publiziert (Heinrich et al. 1966) – untersucht, um eine fundierte Nahfeldbewertung zu ermöglichen. Die experimentellen Daten können beispielsweise zur Validierung von CFD-&#13;
Simulationen dienen und erlauben, den Einfluss von Geometrie und Umgebungsbedingungen systematisch abzubilden, und liefern praxisrelevante Daten als Basis für Leitlinien für den Explosionsschutz und die Bewertung von Störfallauswirkungen in modularen Anlagen und tragen somit zur Steigerung der Anlagensicherheit bei.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Berliner Fachtagung Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Marco Gerbeit</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Druckstoß</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Messtechnik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65763</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Experimentelle Untersuchung der Zündwirksamkeit von  mechanischen Schlagvorgängen mit nicht-metallischen  Materialien in Wasserstoffatmosphäre - HICON-Projekt</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Bei der sicherheitstechnischen Beurteilung einer möglichen Wasserstofffreisetzung muss die Wirksamkeit verschiedener potenzieller Zündquellen beurteilt werden. In den einschlägigen internationalen Regelwerken des Explosionsschutzes werden insgesamt 13 verschiedene Arten von Zündquellen definiert, die zu beurteilen sind. Der mechanische Schlagvorgang ist einer dieser Zündquellen. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Zündquelle hängt vor allem von der kinetischen Schlagenergie, der Materialpaarung und der Zusammensetzung des Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches ab. Aufgrund des stochastischen Charakters der mechanisch erzeugten Funken gibt es keine geeigneten Berechnungsmethoden, um die Wirksamkeit des mechanischen Schlags als Zündquelle in Abhängigkeit dieser Parameter vorherzusagen. Anhand von geeigneten experimentellen Daten ist eine Einschätzung jedoch empirisch möglich. In früheren Arbeiten wurden vor allem homogene metallische Materialpaarungen untersucht. Damit werden einige Szenarien nicht abgedeckt, die bei der vermehrten Installation von Wasserstoffanlagen vor allem im nicht-industriellen Raum relevant sind. Dazu gehört z.B. die Beurteilung der Zündwirksamkeit von Steinschlägen im Zusammenhang mit Anlagen, die auf Untergrund oder Bodenabdeckungen aus Kiesgestein installiert werden, der aufgewirbelt werden kann oder die Beurteilung der Zündwirksamkeit bei Schlägen auf verunreinigte Oberflächen.&#13;
&#13;
In dieser Arbeit wurde die Zündwirksamkeit von mechanischen Schlagvorgängen mit Gesteinen und verunreinigten Oberflächen in wasserstoffhaltiger Atmosphäre systematisch untersucht. Dazu wurden Versuche in einer Schlagfunkenapparatur durchgeführt. Die Schlagfunkenapparatur erzeugt reproduzierbare streifende Schläge zwischen Schlagbolzen und Schlagplatten aus beliebigem festem Material mit stufenweise verstellbarer kinetischer Schlagenergie in einer beliebigen Gasatmosphäre. Um Steinschläge zu erzeugen, wurden spezielle Schlagplatten aus Beton mit ausgesuchten, eingebetteten Gesteinen sowie Schlagbolzenhalter mit eingeklebten Gesteinen konstruiert.&#13;
&#13;
Grundsätzlich konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Zündwirksamkeit bei Schlagvorgängen mit Quarzgestein in wasserstoffhaltigen Atmosphären gegenüber Schlagvorgängen mit metallischen Werkstoffen deutlich erhöht ist. Im Vergleich dazu waren dieselben Schläge in erdgas- bzw. methanhaltiger Atmosphäre nicht zündwirksam. Das ist vor allem bei der Umstellung von Erdgasanlagen bzw. bei der Übertragung von Risikomodellen für Erdgasanlagen auf Wasserstoffanlagen relevant, da neue Zündquellen berücksichtigt werden müssen. Es konnte darüber hinaus festgestellt werden, dass die Art des Gesteins einen großen Einfluss auf die Zündwirksamkeit hat. Weiterhin konnte eine deutlich erhöhte Zündwahrscheinlichkeit bei Schlagvorgängen mit homogenen Metallpaarungen bei ölbenetzten und sandgestrahlten Oberflächen beobachtet werden.&#13;
&#13;
Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit liefern Erkenntnisse, die relevant sind für die Risikoanalyse von Wasserstoffanlagen, für die Beurteilung von nicht-elektrischen Zündquellen in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen und für die Weiterentwicklung der Regelsetzung im Explosionsschutz.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Berliner Fachtagung Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Thomas Grunewald</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schlagfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schleiffunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reibfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanisch erzeugte Funken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanischer Explosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gesteinsfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>sandgestrahlte Oberflächen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ölbenetzte Oberflächen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Benzinbenetzte Oberflächen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sandbenetzte Oberflächen</value>
    </subject>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65766</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <title language="deu">Ammoniak als Energieträger in Deutschland: Zwischen Sicherheitsanforderungen, Infrastruktur und Akzeptanz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Gewährleistung einer sicheren, zuverlässigen und klimaneutralen Energieversorgung stellt eine der zentralen Herausforderungen der kommenden Jahrzehnte dar. Als zentraler Baustein für die Energiewende wird Grüner Wasserstoff gesehen. Allerdings müssen bis zum Hochlauf einer flächendeckenden Wasserstoffinfrastruktur effektive Speicher- und Transportlösungen bereitgestellt  werden. Verschiedene Wasserstoff-derivate, insbesondere Ammoniak, Methanol, synthetisches Methan und flüssige organische Wasserstoffträger (LOHCs), können dabei eine tragende Rolle spielen.&#13;
&#13;
Aufgrund seiner etablierten globalen Infrastruktur und der vorhandenen industriellen Produktions- und Handelsketten (weltweit über 170 Mio. Tonnen jährlich) stellt Ammoniak, besonders kurzfristig, eine vielversprechende Option für die energetische Nutzung dar. Zusätzlich zeichnet sich Ammoniak durch seine hohe Energiedichte und, im Vergleich zu Wasserstoff, einfache Lager- und Transportfähigkeit aus. Auch langfristig bietet Grüner Ammoniak, insbesondere der in sonnen- und windreichen Regionen aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen erzeugte, das Potenzial für eine wirtschaftliche Produktion und eine vielversprechende Option für künftige Energieimporte. &#13;
&#13;
Aufgrund der toxischen Eigenschaften und potenziellen Umweltrisiken sind allerdings umfassende sicherheitstechnische Maßnahmen sowie eindeutige regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen erforderlich. Darüber hinaus gilt es, technologische Herausforderungen zu lösen, die sich in Abhängigkeit von der Nutzung von Ammoniak ergeben. Hierzu zählen unter anderem die Emissionskontrolle bei der direkten Verbrennung von Ammoniak sowie die Verbesserung der Effizienz bei der Rückumwandlung von Ammoniak in Wasserstoff (Ammoniak-Cracking). &#13;
&#13;
Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) im Rahmen zweier Workshops in Kooperation mit relevanten Stakeholdern aus Behörden, Wirtschaft und aus der Wissenschaft zentrale Handlungsempfehlungen für die Politik abgeleitet, mit dem Ziel, den Einsatz von Ammoniak als Energieträger in Deutschland voranzubringen. Diese Handlungsempfehlungen werden im Beitrag päsentiert und anschließend zur Diskussion gestellt.&#13;
Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass Ammoniak ein vielversprechendes Wasserstoffderivat für die Dekarbonisierung darstellt, sofern politischer Wille und eine klare Strategie den zielgerichteten Ausbau der notwendigen Infrastruktur, die Schaffung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Förderung technologischer Innovationen vorantreiben.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Berliner Fachtagung Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Kai Holtappels</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ammoniak</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffderivate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Energieträger</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Herausforderungen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65767</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Sichere Wasserstoffnetze ModuH2Pipe</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Wasserstofftransport durch Pipelines in Deutschland und Europa ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die zukünftige Energieversorgungssicherheit. Neben dem Neubau einer Wasserstoff-Transportinfrastruktur wird vor allem die kosteneffiziente Umwidmung bestehender Erdgasnetze für den Wasserstofftransport vorangetrieben. Dabei ergeben sich zahlreiche sicherheitstechnische Fragestellungen, insbesondere zur Materialeignung und -kompatibilität, der Zustandsanalyse und -überwachung von Pipelines sowie der Gewährleistung der Gasqualitäten. Die Validierung der wissenschaftlich-technischen Tragfähigkeit der Antworten zu diesen Fragen unter realen Bedingungen ist erforderlich für die erfolgreiche Transformation des Energietransports. Hierzu stellt die BAM eine neue, einzigartige Prüfinfrastruktur vor, die ab Juli 2026 zur Verfügung stehen wird.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Fachtagung für Anlagen- und Prozesstechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Peter Hartwig</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ModuH2Pipe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Modulare-Testplattform</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Realmaßstab</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffkernnetz</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65782</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <title language="deu">Sicherheitstechnische Eigenschaften von Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Gemischen unter Prozessbedingungen der Elektrolyse</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Bildung von Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Gemischen, beispielsweise aufgrund von Cross-Over, Fehlfunktionen oder An- und Abschaltvorgängen, stellt eine für Elektrolyseprozesse ganz spezifische Gefahr dar, die angemessen berücksichtigt werden muss. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Explosionsgrenzen von Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Gemischen bei Prozessbedingungen von bis zu 30 bar und 300 °C experimentell bestimmt. Es zeigte sich, dass die vorhandenen experimentellen Daten mithilfe empirischer Ansätze mit guter Genauigkeit interpoliert werden können. Darüber hinaus wurden auch die Explosionsgrenzen unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen mit reduzierter Zündenergie bis hinunter zu 1 mJ bestimmt. Obwohl in der Literatur zu finden ist, dass die Zündenergie von brennbaren Gasen stark ansteigt, wenn die Konzentration von stöchiometrisch in den Bereich nahe den Explosionsgrenzen wechselt, wurde innerhalb des getesteten Zündenergiebereichs für H₂/O₂-Gemische kein signifikanter Einfluss der Gemischkonzentration festgestellt. Schließlich wurde die Zündung an heißen Oberflächen für Gemische mit 6 Mol-% Wasserstoff in Sauerstoff, also leicht oberhalb der Explosionsgrenze, experimentell bei verschiedenen Drücken bis zu 30 bara untersucht. Auch hier wurden nur geringe Abweichungen von den für stöchiometrische Gemische ermittelten Zündtemperaturen festgestellt. Zur Berechnung der Zündtemperaturen wurde ein 0D-Reaktormodell mit adiabatischem, konstantem Volumen verwendet. Das Modell wurde hinsichtlich seiner Vorhersage der Zündtemperaturen von Wasserstoffgemischen bei verschiedenen Drücken getestet.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Berliner Fachtagung Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Enis Askar</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elektrolyse</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosionsgrenzen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zündenergie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zündtemperatur</value>
    </subject>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65781</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Nachhaltige TiFe‑basierte H2-Speicher: Sicherheit entlang des Lebenszyklus - Ex-Kenngrößen eines hybriden Staub/H2 (2 %)/Luft‑Gemischs</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der sichere Umgang mit Legierungen auf TiFe-Basis ist für deren Einsatz als reversible Wasserstoffspeichermaterialien von entscheidender Bedeutung. Während der Herstellung, des Betriebs und des Recyclings werden diese Legierungen häufig in Form feiner Pulver verarbeitet, die zündfähige Staubwolken und hybride Gemische mit Wasserstoff bilden können. In diesem Vortrag werden die Explosionscharakteristika einer pulverförmigen TiFe–Mn-Legierung unter zwei verschiedenen Atmosphären systematisch untersucht: Luft und Luft mit 2 % Wasserstoff, was 50 % der unteren Explosionsgrenze entspricht. Schlüsselparameter, darunter der maximale Explosionsdruck (pmax), die maximale Druckanstiegsrate ((dp/dt)max) und der Kst-Wert, wurden mittels standardisierter Versuche in einem 20-Liter-Kugel-Apparat bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Wasserstoff in Konzentrationen unterhalb der unteren Explosionsgrenze (UEG) in Kombination mit Staub die Druckanstiegsrate und den Kst-Wert tendenziell erhöht, während der maximale Explosionsdruck aufgrund der verringerten Sauerstoffverfügbarkeit leicht absinkt. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass bereits geringe Wasserstoffzugaben die Flammenausbreitung beschleunigen und die Explosionsschwere erhöhen können, was für die Risikobewertung und die Auslegung von Explosionsschutzmaßnahmen in Wasserstoffspeichersystemen von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Darüber hinaus liefert die durchgeführte umfassende chemische Charakterisierung eine solide Grundlage für zukünftige Untersuchung der sicherheitstechnischen Eigenschaften und unterstützt damit die Entwicklung sicherer und nachhaltiger Wasserstoffspeicher-Technologien.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Patrick Funnemann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Staubexplosionen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hybride Gemische</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffspeicherung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffsicherheit</value>
    </subject>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65783</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">HICON Experimental Campaign 3 - Ignition of Hydrogen due to Single Impact</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The experimental campaigns within HICON aim to obtain quantitative and qualitative data through experiments for statistics and understanding of ignition probabilities. Based on that hydrogen ignition models are developed transfering the risk-based models from the natural gas applications. Within the presented experimental campaign the focus was on impacts with gravel and with contaminated surfaces.  It was found that the ignition probabilty of hydrogen atmospheres by mechanical impacts can be highly increased when gravel is involved and when surfaces are contaminated with oil or with fine sand (sandblasted surfaces), while natural gas atmospheres cannot be ignited under similar conditions.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">FABIG Fire and Blast Information Group 111th UK Technical Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
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    <author>Enis Askar</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ignition sources</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical sparks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Natural gas</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risk assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65765</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Sichere Wasserstoffnetze ModuH2Pipe</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Modulare Testplattform für den sicheren Transport von Wasserstoff in neuen und vorhandenen Gasverteilnetzen Die BAM schafft mit der modularen Testplattform ModuH2Pipe erstmals in Europa eine Testinfrastruktur, welche die Betrachtung sicherheitstechnischer Fragestellungen im Realmaßstab und zugleich unter kritischen Bedingungen erlaubt, die sich im Zusammenhang mit Wasserstoff-und Wasserstoff-Erdgas-Pipelines stellen. Ziel ist, Gasnetzbetreibern u. a. ein Dienstleistungsangebot zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches die umfassende Beantwortung dieser und weiterer sicherheitstechnischer Fragestellungen ermöglicht. Die Testplattform ModuH2Pipe wird auf dem BAM Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (BAM TTS) stehen und integriert zwei Module, die für die experimentelle Untersuchung von Pipelinesegmenten, -komponenten (Dichtungen, Ventile etc.) und Polymerkomponenten im Originalmaßstab ausgelegt sind. Aber auch digitale Aspekte für Wasserstoffnetze können betrachtet werden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Fachtagung für Anlagen- und Prozesstechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>Peter Hartwig</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ModuH2Pipe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Testplattform</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Realmaßstab</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffkernnetz</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.1 Komponenten für Energieträger</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65813</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Sicherheit von Sauerstoffanlagen - aus Unfällen und Erfahrungen lernen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Vortrag zeigt Beispiele auf, wie einerseits durch Untersuchungen von Unfällen sowie andererseits durch die zahlreichen Prüfungen an der BAM Erkenntnisse gewonnen wurden. Diese sind in die Überarbeitung von Normen und Standards sowie in die Modifikation von Prüfverfahren und von Bewertungskriterien eingeflossen.&#13;
So wird zum Beispiel bei der Untersuchung nichtmetallischer Materialien versucht, den tatsächlichen, praktischen Anwendungsfall zu berücksichtigen und diesen durch die Prüfungen möglichst abzubilden. Änderungen beim Herstellungsprozess, bei der Materialzusammensetzung und bei Weiterverarbeitungsprozessen nichtmetallischer Materialien haben in der Vergangenheit immer wieder zu deutlich unterschiedlichen Prüfergebnissen geführt. Dem wurde nunmehr durch die Einführung chargenbezogener Prüfungen Rechnung getragen.&#13;
Für Ventile mit integriertem Druckregler (Valves with Integrated Pressure Regulator - VIPR) wurden neue und überarbeitete Prüfanforderungen für die Lebensdauer und für die Ausbrennsicherheit festgeschrieben, um den gestiegenen sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen für Anwendungen mit medizinischem Sauerstoff Rechnung zu tragen.&#13;
Ziel ist es, auch zukünftig die Sicherheit von Sauerstoffanlagen durch die Betrachtung von Unfällen und die Erfahrungen aus Prüfungen zu verbessern.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1. Berliner Fachtagung für Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Thomas Kasch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sauerstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Unfälle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chargenprüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prüfanforderungen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sicherheit</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
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