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  <doc>
    <id>65346</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="deu">Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Anregung von niederfrequentem Ultraschall mit fluidischen Bauteilen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (ZFP) mittels Ultraschalls wird häufig im Bauwesen eingesetzt, um innere Defekte in Betonstrukturen zu erkennen. Dabei werden Ultraschallwellen im Frequenzbereich von 50 bis 200 kHz genutzt, um Schäden zu entdecken, ohne das Material zu beschädigen. Die meisten derzeit verwendeten Geräte müssen direkten Kontakt mit der Oberfläche haben, was bei großen Bauwerken sehr zeitaufwendig und umständlich ist. Deshalb wird nach alternativen Lösungen gesucht, wie zum Beispiel die luftgekoppelte Ultraschalltechnik, bei der Luft als Übertragungsmedium dient. Solche Geräte könnten die Messzeit um das 50- bis 100-fache verkürzen, was die Inspektion ganzer Strukturen wie Tunnel oder Brücken ermöglichen würde. Dies würde eine zuverlässige Bewertung des Zustands der Infra-struktur erleichtern. Allerdings führt die große Impedanzdifferenz zwischen dem Transducer und der Luft zu erheblichen Energieverlusten, was die Signalstärke schwächt. Geräte, die auf dünnen Membranen oder laserinduzierter Signalanregung basieren, sind oft nicht robust genug für den rauen Baustellenbetrieb.&#13;
Eine potentielle Lösung sind sogenannte fluidische Oszillatoren, die in der Strömungskontrolle sowie beim Kühlen und Mischen von Flüssigkeiten eingesetzt werden. Sie erzeugen komplett ohne bewegliche Teile schwingende Strömungen, indem sie selbstangeregte Strömungsinstabilitäten nutzen, bei denen der Freistrahl zwischen zwei Kammerwänden durch Feedback-Kanäle hin und her schwingt. Dabei entstehen zeitlich und räumlich schwingende Strömungen am Ausgang. Kleinere Oszillatoren können höhere Frequenzen bis zu 50 kHz erzeugen. Die Frequenz lässt sich durch den Versorgungsdruck steuern, entweder direkt oder über ein Ventil, was die Erzeugung von frequenzmodulierten Signalen ermöglicht. Solche Geräte könnten bei der Untersuchung von Betonelementen eingesetzt werden, um die Dicke und innere Delaminationen zu bestimmen. Die Düsen sind klein, robust und können aus Keramik oder Stahl gefertigt werden, was sie ideal für den Einsatz auf der Baustelle macht.&#13;
Im Rahmen dieses Projekts wurden fluidische Oszillatoren an der BAM entwickelt, hergestellt und getestet. Dabei wurden die Frequenzinhalte, die Frequenzbandbreite und die Schalldruckamplitude experimentell untersucht. Akustische Messungen mit Mikrophonen sowie erste Tests an Betonproben wurden durchgeführt. Die Düsen wurden geometrisch skaliert, um die Mittenfrequenz und die Schalldruckamplitude zu optimieren. Mit Hilfe von hochfrequenten Druckregeln konnten frequenzmodulierte Anregungssignale (Chirps) erzeugt werden. Die momentan erreichte Frequenzbandbreite von ca. 10 % stellte sich als zu gering heraus für reproduzierbare und statistisch abgesicherte Ultraschall-Messungen durch Beton.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DFG Abschlussbericht</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Luftgekoppelter Ultraschall</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidischer Oszillator</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Verkehrsinfrastruktur</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65035</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>www.ndt.net</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Application of Elastic Reverse Time Migration to Ultrasonic Echo Data from Concrete Structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To enhance ultrasonic imaging of concrete structures, we adapted the geophysical migration method, Reverse Time Migration (RTM), for non-destructive testing (NDT) in civil engineering. First, two 2D elastic RTM algorithms, each considering different wave types, were implemented and evaluated with synthetic ultrasonic data. The algorithm that best resolved numerical concrete structures was subsequently applied to real ultrasonic data from a concrete specimen. Compared with conventional synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) imaging, elastic RTM reproduced a greater number of structural features in both the numerical model and the concrete specimen. In particular, elastic RTM reconstructed vertical interfaces as well as hidden lower edges of modeled cavities and tendon ducts. Notably, imaging the full cross-sections of tendon ducts, which enables direct diameter estimation, represents a novel achievement for ultrasonic NDT.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.58286/31680</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650350</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Izmir, Turkey</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Maria Grohmann</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete Structures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic Echo Technique</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic Imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elastic Reverse Time Migration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65035/Grohmann_NDT_CE_2025_4466.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53397</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>116</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>117</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">HF RFID-based Measurement Comparison for Method Optimization in M2 Concrete and Alkali-Activated Mortars</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The internal project "SealWasteSafe" of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing is dedicated to the further improvement in the construction of sealing systems for underground repositories of radioactive waste. Particularly, a multi-sensory concept is developed to ensure quality assurance and continuous long-term monitoring on the engineered barriers. Therefore, beside other measures, the temperature and equilibrium moisture of the construction shall be monitored and respective multi-sensoric monitoring concepts are tested first on the laboratory scale. One focus in this project is on embedded application in alkali-activated mortars (AAM), which results in special requirements for the resistance of the sensors to strongly alkaline environments with up to pH 14. In addition, the ingress of water along cables or at sensor positions is critical for sensors embedded in concrete, as the cable access of the sensor housing is a major weak point. It is therefore advisable to equip wireless high frequent radio frequency identification-based sensors, so called HF RFID sensors (short: RFID), that do not require cable access and thus have a stable and leak-proof sensor housing for long-term monitoring. In this contribution, the results from temperature, moisture and transmitted power monitoring of a AAM and a M2 specimens by means of HF RFID sensor systems are presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">35th Danubia - Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics: extendet abstracts</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-9504997-0-4</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">35th Danubia - Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Linz, Österreich</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Sergej Johann</author>
    <author>Franziska Baensch</author>
    <author>Patrick Strurm</author>
    <author>Carlo Tiebe</author>
    <author>Samuel Pötschke</author>
    <author>Vera Lay</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Passive sensor interface</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RFID</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural Health Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali-Activated Mortars</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53398</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">HF RFID-based Measurement Comparison for Method Optimization in M2 Concrete and Alkali-Activated Mortars</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The internal project "SealWasteSafe" of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing is dedicated to the further improvement in the construction of sealing systems for underground repositories of radioactive waste. Particularly, a multi-sensory concept is developed to ensure quality assurance and continuous long-term monitoring on the engineered barriers. Therefore, beside other measures, the temperature and equilibrium moisture of the construction shall be monitored and respective multi-sensoric monitoring concepts are tested first on the laboratory scale. One focus in this project is on embedded application in alkali-activated mortars (AAM), which results in special requirements for the resistance of the sensors to strongly alkaline environments with up to pH 14. In addition, the ingress of water along cables or at sensor positions is critical for sensors embedded in concrete, as the cable access of the sensor housing is a major weak point. It is therefore advisable to equip wireless high frequent radio frequency identification-based sensors, so called HF RFID sensors (short: RFID), that do not require cable access and thus have a stable and leak-proof sensor housing for long-term monitoring. In this contribution, the results from temperature, moisture and transmitted power monitoring of a AAM and a M2 specimens by means of HF RFID sensor systems are presented.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">35th Danubia - Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Linz, Austria</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Sergej Johann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Passive sensor interface</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RFID</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural Health Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali-Activated Mortars</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58144</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Calculating rheological properties of fresh mortar for additive manufacturing based on experimental, multi sensor data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a novel and emerging technology. Free contouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. In the future, lower construction costs are expected with increased construction speeds and decreasing required materials and workers. However, architects and civil engineers rely on a certain quality of execution to fulfil construction standards. Although several techniques and approaches demonstrate the advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to the continuous mixing process commonly used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude variations in the dry mixture or water content, and a test sample cannot be taken as a representative sample for the whole structure. Although mortar properties vary only locally, a defect in one layer during printing could affect the entire integrity of the whole structure . Therefore, real-time process monitoring is required to record and document the printing process. At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) a new test rig for the additive manufacturing of concrete is built. The primary purpose is measuring and monitoring the properties of a mortar during the printing process. The following study investigates an approach for calculating yield stress and plastic viscosity based on experimentally recorded pressure data. The calculations assume that fresh mortar behaves as a Bingham fluid and that the Buckingham-Reiner-equation is applicable. A test setup consisting of rigid pipes with integrated pressure sensors at different positions is utilized. Monitoring the printing process with different sensors is crucial for the quality control of an ongoing process.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Non-Tradijtional Cement and Concrete</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Brno, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3DCP</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rheology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bingham Fluid</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59817</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>131</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>139</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>145</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Trans Tech Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Baech</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Calculating rheological properties of fresh mortar for additive manufacturing based on experimental, multi-sensor data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a novel and emerging technology. Freecontouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. Inthe future, lower construction costs are expected with increased construction speeds and decreasingrequired materials and workers. However, architects and civil engineers rely on a certain quality ofexecution to fulfil construction standards. Although several techniques and approaches demonstratethe advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to thecontinuous mixing process commonly used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude varia-tions in the dry mixture or water content, and a test sample cannot be taken as a representative samplefor the whole structure. Although mortar properties vary only locally, a defect in one layer duringprinting could affect the entire integrity of the whole structure . Therefore, real-time process monitor-ing is required to record and document the printing process.At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) a new test rig for the additive man-ufacturing of concrete is built. The primary purpose is measuring and monitoring the properties of amortar during the printing process.The following study investigates an approach for calculating yield stress and plastic viscosity based onexperimentally recorded pressure data. The calculations assume that fresh mortar behaves as a Bing-ham fluid and that the Buckingham-Reiner-equation is applicable. A test setup consisting of rigid pipeswith integrated pressure sensors at different positions is utilized.Monitoring the printing process with different sensors is crucial for the quality control of an ongoingprocess.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in science and technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4028/p-EV4gPv</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598179</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1662-0356</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_import_data">{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:42:32Z","timestamp":1712277752546},"publisher-location":"Switzerland","reference-count":14,"publisher":"Trans Tech Publications Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/license\/TDM_Licenser.pdf"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"&lt;jats:p&gt;Abstract. Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a novel and emerging technology. Freecontouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. Inthe future, lower construction costs are expected with increased construction speeds and decreasingrequired materials and workers. However, architects and civil engineers rely on a certain quality ofexecution to fulfil construction standards. Although several techniques and approaches demonstratethe advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to thecontinuous mixing process commonly used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude varia-tions in the dry mixture or water content, and a test sample cannot be taken as a representative samplefor the whole structure. Although mortar properties vary only locally, a defect in one layer duringprinting could affect the entire integrity of the whole structure . Therefore, real-time process monitor-ing is required to record and document the printing process.At the Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM) a new test rig for the additive man-ufacturing of concrete is built. The primary purpose is measuring and monitoring the properties of amortar during the printing process.The following study investigates an approach for calculating yield stress and plastic viscosity based onexperimentally recorded pressure data. The calculations assume that fresh mortar behaves as a Bing-ham fluid and that the Buckingham-Reiner-equation is applicable. A test setup consisting of rigid pipeswith integrated pressure sensors at different positions is utilized.Monitoring the printing process with different sensors is crucial for the quality control of an ongoingprocess.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.4028\/p-ev4gpv","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T08:57:25Z","timestamp":1711702645000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calculating Rheological Properties of Fresh Mortar for Additive Manufacturing Based on Experimental, Multi-Sensor Data"],"prefix":"10.4028","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Schoensee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1463-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"H\u00fcsken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Jeyifous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2880-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Mezhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2644-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Strangfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]}],"member":"2457","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5016112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2011.06.010","article-title":"Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes","volume":"21","author":"Lim","unstructured":"S. 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URL: https: \/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2214509522005745.","journal-title":"Case Studies in Construction Materials"},{"key":"5016116","unstructured":"Christoph Strangfeld et al. \"Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids in additive manufacturing with concrete\". In: International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDTCE 2022), pp.1-12. URL: https : \/ \/ opus4 . kobv . de \/ opus4 - bam \/ frontdoor\/index\/index\/docId\/55636%20https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de: kobv:b43-556367."},{"key":"5016117","unstructured":"G. H. Tattersall and P. F. G Banfill. The Rheology of Fresh Concrete. PITMAN PUBLISHING INC, 1983. ISBN: 0-273-08558-1."},{"issue":"5","key":"5016118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13051161","article-title":"Experimental Investigation of the Pumping of a Model-Concrete through Pipes","volume":"13","author":"Haustein","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. A. Haustein, M. N. 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Standard. 2019.","DOI":"10.3403\/01541440"},{"key":"5016123","unstructured":"BIPM et al. Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JCGM 100:2008. URL: https:\/\/www. bipm.org\/documents\/20126\/2071204\/JCGM%5C_100%5C_2008%5C_E.pdf\/cb0ef43fbaa5-11cf-3f85-4dcd86f77bd6."},{"key":"5644518","unstructured":"European committee for standardization. Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum temperature sensors(IEC 60751:2008);German version EN 60751:2008. Standard. 2009."},{"key":"5016125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heinz Schade et al. \"I-VIII\". In: Str\u00f6mungslehre. Berlin \u2022 New York: De Gruyter, 2007, pp. I- VIII. ISBN: 9783110189728. DOI:.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110189728.fm"}],"event":{"name":"Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete 2023 conference","location":"Brno, Czech Republic","acronym":"NTCC2023","number":"7","start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]}},"container-title":["7th Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete","Advances in Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/AST.145.131.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T20:00:57Z","timestamp":1712260857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/AST.145.131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4028\/p-ev4gpv","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-0356","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]}}}</enrichment>
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    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Alexander Mezhov</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3DCP</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rheology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bingham fluid</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete printing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Leichtbau</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
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  </doc>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <publisherName>e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing (eJNDT)</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Structural Monitoring in an Urban Underground Metro Station Using Cod</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Active ultrasonic monitoring with coda wave interferometry has demonstrated its potential for structural Health monitoring in concrete structures. This study investigates its application using ultrasonic transducers embedded in the ceiling of a subway station in Munich, Germany. We evaluate the impact of environmental conditions, specifically electromagnetic interference and temperature, on data quality, as well as the influence of regular loading from passing trams. Results indicate that electromagnetic interference significantly affects measurements, while temperature effects remain minimal due to the station’s stable thermal environment. Long-term measurements and a controlled load test show that both dynamic and static loading from trams induce ultrasonic velocity changes of only 0.01%–0.06%. Although the experiment demonstrates the capacity to detect structural responses and supports the feasibility of long-term monitoring, improved electromagnetic shielding and Hardware reliability are required for successful future applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NDTCE 2025 - Conference Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.58286/31706</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654619</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Izmir, Turkey</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Niklas Epple</author>
    <author>Camila Andrea Sanchez Trujillo</author>
    <author>Julia Hau</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <author>F. Malm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring (SHM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Urban infrastructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65461/NDT_CE_Epple_et_al.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65462</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
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    <title language="eng">Structural Monitoring in an Urban Underground Metro Station Using Coda Wave Interferometry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Active ultrasonic monitoring with coda wave interferometry has demonstrated its potential for structural health monitoring in concrete structures. This study investigates its application using ultrasonic transducers embedded in the ceiling of a subway station in Munich, Germany. We evaluate the impact of environmental conditions, specifically electromagnetic interference and temperature, on data quality, as well as the influence of regular loading from passing trams. Results indicate that electromagnetic interference significantly affects measurements, while temperature effects remain minimal due to the station’s stable thermal environment. Long-term measurements and a controlled load test show that both dynamic and static loading from trams induce ultrasonic velocity changes of only 0.01%–0.06%. Although the experiment demonstrates the capacity to detect structural responses and supports the feasibility of long-term monitoring,</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Izmir, Türkiye</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Niklas Epple</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI),</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coda Wave Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Urban infrastructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65460</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Monitoring of Concrete Infrastructure with Active Ultrasound Coda Wave Interferometry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Coda Wave Interferometry has been used in Geophysics to detect weak changes in scattering media. Past research in Structural Health Monitoring has shown that this methodology can be applied to concrete structures to detect material changes by calculation of relative velocity changes. Successive measurements with embedded ultrasonic transducers provide a repeatable signal for reliable long-term monitoring of concrete. To research the application in real-world structures, we have embedded ultrasonic transducers in a bridge in Ulm and a Metro station in Munich, Germany. This study gives an overview of the monitoring of these two structures. The results show the potential and challenges of the method. Data evaluation can be largely automated to gain insights into material changes and other influences on the structure, such as traffic-induced load and temperature variations. The experiments demonstrate the ease of installation, longevity of the sensor installation, and sensitivity of the measurement technique, but highlight problems with the application, especially if electromagnetic noise affects data quality. As no confirmed substantial damage was recorded during the monitoring period on both structures, we evaluate load tests to investigate the effect of static load on the structures and the coda monitoring results. The experiments show that the influence of load can be detected, even if the temperature influence is not removed from the data. This indicates that online damage detection with coda monitoring is possible, but further research on damage detection in real-world structures has to be conducted to confirm laboratory findings.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">13th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Graz, Austria</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Niklas Epple</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Active Ultrasound Measurements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coda Wave Monitoring,</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded Transducers</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65560</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>268</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam, Netherlands</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Embedded PZT sensors for combined viboacoustic sensing of  concrete structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Accurate assessment of damage in concrete structures requires monitoring techniques that can capture both global stiffness degradation and local cracking processes. Existing structural health monitoring approaches typically rely on separate sensors for vibration measurements and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, while conventional surface-mounted devices often suffer from poor and variable coupling. This study presents an embedded piezoelectric (PZT) sensor developed for dual mode vibroacoustic monitoring in concrete structures. &#13;
The sensor is cast within the concrete matrix to improve mechanical coupling and enable robust measurement of structural response during damage evolution. Dual-mode monitoring is achieved through sequential operation of &#13;
the same embedded sensor in two distinct modes passive acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during fracture loading and impulse-excited vibration testing conducted before and after fracture test. Benchmarking experiments include comparison with commercial accelerometers and AE sensors, confirming that the embedded configuration enhances high-frequency sensitivity and coupling performance. The fracture process is interpreted by correlating AE activity with Digital Image Correlation (DIC)-based crack kinematics, enabling zone-wise understanding of crack development. The vibration response is interpreted using a stiffness-reduction framework consistent with hinge-type crack formation, explaining the observed modal-frequency reduction and in crease in damping. Electromechanical impedance measurements quantify sensor–matrix interaction, highlighting the role of epoxy-mediated impedance matching. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed embedded sensor provides a unified platform for validated AE-vibration sensing, offering a promising approach for integrated structural health monitoring of concrete infrastructure</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Measurement</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120690</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.02.2026</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amarteja Kocherla</author>
    <author>Murali Duddi</author>
    <author>Subramaniam Kolluru</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vibroacoustic sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded PZT sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crack dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DIC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
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    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Influences of Surface Properties on the Reflection Intensity - Towards in Situ Monitoring During Early Age Hydration of CEM I</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Interlayer bonding in 3D concrete printing is influenced by the hydration progress and surface moisture of the previously printed layer. For effective quality control, continuous in situ monitoring of interlayer surface properties is required. This study investigated reflection intensity as a method for in situ measurements during the hydration of CEM I mixtures with varying retarder contents. Additional factors influencing the reflection intensity are also examined. Two laser line scanners with different wavelengths were used to track hydration over 72 h. Vicat tests and isothermal calorimetry served as reference methods. Across all the mixtures, the reflection intensity exhibited a repeatable pattern with five different stages. A sharp increase in intensity during the third stage was consistent with the acceleration period of hydration. These findings suggest that reflection intensity measurements could serve as a promising tool for evaluating interlayer bonding in 3D concrete printing.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10921-025-01326-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653430</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-4862</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.01.2026</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Amarteja Kocherla</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ hydration monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reflection intensity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Isothermal calorimetry</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65343/s10921-025-01326-2.pdf</file>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
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    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
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    <issue/>
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    <type>report</type>
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    <title language="deu">CASPAR Construction Administration Shell - Plattform für die beweissichere und rückführbare Datennutzung im Bauwesen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das zentrale Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens CASPAR ist die Entwicklung einer technischen Lösung zur beweissicheren und rückführbaren Datenbasis von digitalen Informationen zur Bewertung von Bauwerken. Ein konsistentes, semantisches und maschinenlesbares Datenmodell wurde entwickelt, um Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen zu aggregieren und Schnittstellen für die Echtzeit-Kommunikation mit Sensoren zu schaffen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf der Einführung der Verwaltungsschale (Asset Administration Shell, AAS), einer Kerntechnologie der Industrie 4.0, als standardisierten digitalen Zwilling für Brückenbauwerke. Die Verwaltungsschale ermöglicht die strukturierte, interoperable und semantisch eindeutige Darstellung von Bauwerksdaten. Eine Blockchain-basierte Lösung wurde entwickelt, um die sichere und manipulationsresistente Datenübertragung und -ablage zu gewährleisten. Ein Demonstrator, basierend auf der Open Source Plattform Eclipse BaSyx, wurde entwickelt, um die Technologien zu veranschaulichen. Der Demonstrator wurde im November 2024 auf der Messe SPS in Nürnberg vorgestellt. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Forschungsvorhabens war die Entwicklung eines konsistenten, semantischen und maschinenlesbaren Datenmodells für Brückenbauwerke. Dieses Modell ermöglicht die Aggregation von Informationen aus verschiedenen Quellen und die Entwicklung von Schnittstellen für die Echtzeit-Kommunikation mit Sensoren. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf der Einführung der Verwaltungsschale (Asset Administration Shell, AAS), einer Kerntechnologie der Industrie 4.0, als standardisierten digitalen Zwilling für Brückenbauwerke. Die Verwaltungsschale ermöglicht die strukturierte, interoperable und semantisch eindeutige Darstellung von Bauwerksdaten. Eine Blockchain-basierte Lösung wurde entwickelt, um die sichere und manipulationsresistente Datenübertragung und -ablage zu gewährleisten. Ein Demonstrator, basierend auf der Open Source Plattform Eclipse BaSyx, wurde entwickelt, um die Technologien zu veranschaulichen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Abschlussbericht</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.34657/21445</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-640571</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>S. Schäfer</author>
    <author>T. Braml</author>
    <author>J. Wimmer</author>
    <author>A. Jedlitschka</author>
    <author>T. Kuhn</author>
    <author>T. Fertig</author>
    <author>A. Schütz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lebenszyklus</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brücken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Datenablage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Industrie 4.0</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bauwesen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">BAM Forschungsberichte ohne Nummerierung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64057/2025_Abschlussbericht_CASPAR_19F2178A-H.pdf</file>
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    <id>62351</id>
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    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>459</volume>
    <type>article</type>
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    <title language="eng">Quantification of moisture content in earth block masonry under natural climatic conditions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The aim of this study is to accurately predict the moisture content in earth block masonry exposed to natural climatic conditions, which is a key factor in assessing its load-bearing capacity. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry and humidity sensor measurements were carried out to quantify the moisture content. In addition, a customised test setup was developed to determine the capillary water absorption of earth blocks. This approach takes into account the deceleration of water absorption due to the swelling of clay minerals and organic additives, which leads to realistic transport coefficients in the hygroscopic range. This allows the moisture content of earth block masonry to be predicted accurately. With regard to the moisture behaviour of typical exterior wall constructions in living spaces, it was found that the equilibrium moisture content in earth block masonry is always lower than 65 % relative humidity, which corresponds to the permissible limit of the recently published German design standard for load-bearing earth block masonry.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Construction and Building Materials</parentTitle>
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Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.139513_b47","series-title":"Kapillarer und dampff\u00f6rmiger Feuchtetransport in mehrschichtigen Bauteilen: Rechnerische Erfassung und bauphysikalische Anwendung","author":"Kie\u00dfl","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.139513_b48","series-title":"Simultaneous Heat and Moisture Transport in Building Components: One-And Two-Dimensional Calculation Using Simple Parameters","author":"K\u00fcnzel","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.139513_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.016","article-title":"A discussion of \u201cAnalysis of the water absorption test to assess the intrinsic permeability of earthen materials\u201d","volume":"215","author":"Janssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. 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Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"139513"}}</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Philipp Wiehle</author>
    <author>Michelle Härder</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Earth block masonry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NMR relaxometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hygrothermal simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Load-bearing capacity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Moisture content</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded humidity sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/62351/Wiehle_2025_Quantification of moisture content in earth block masonry under natural.pdf</file>
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  <doc>
    <id>63832</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>31</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Sage Publications</publisherName>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">A comprehensive experimental assessment of reinforced concrete walls under blast: In situ monitoring of loading, dynamic response and damage with NDT methods and embedded sensors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A safety or security related assessment of explosions, accidental and intentional scenarios alike, often necessitate performance of resource intensive replication tests. For an efficient assessment without performing full scale blast tests, e.g., supported by numerical simulations, detailed knowledge is necessary to predict the blast loading from a given charge configuration, the resulting dynamic response of the structure under investigation as well as the resulting damage. Validation of numerical simulation requires the spatially resolved acquisition of all these parameters in real time. In this paper we present a set of measurement techniques and discuss their suitability for monitoring reinforced concrete (RC) walls under blast loading. Different blast-loading scenarios were realized by varying the charge weight and the standoff distance. The dynamic loading of the wall was characterized with pressure sensors complemented by numerical simulations using the APOLLO Blastsimulator and ConWep. High speed digital image correlation (DIC) was implemented in combination with multiple acceleration sensors to observe the dynamic deflection of the walls during the loading and to determine the residual deformation after the loading had ceased. In addition, one test specimen was instrumented with fiber optic sensor cables. These fiber optic sensors were used for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) delivering information on dynamics of compression and tension cycles from within the structure. Additionally, the local damage pattern emerging during the series of blasts was determined via distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DSS) to enable the characterization of visual and non-visual damage to the structure. The obtained information was compared to results by an ultrasound structure-scanner.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Protective Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2041-4196</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1177/20414196251353795</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">31.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>Rene Costard</author>
    <author>Daniel Kadoke</author>
    <author>Thomas Kind</author>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reinforced concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DIC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>APOLLO Blastsimulator</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64212</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>181</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>189</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>675</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cham</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Assessment of prestress loss in a large-scale concrete bridge model under outdoor condition</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Environmental conditions affect the accuracy of field measurements used to monitor civil structures. Previous studies have shown that measured dynamic responses often lack the sensitivity needed for effective localized damage detection. To address this issue, our study focuses on distinguishing environmental effects from damage related effects in measured data to enhance vibration-based damage identification methods. Experimentally, the problem of prestress loss in a prestressed concrete bridge model was examined. By adjusting the pre-stressing force in a large-scale concrete bridge model, cracking phenomena were observed. To demonstrate field monitoring of a large-scale prestressed structure, noise recording was performed and the measurement data was analyzed with operational modal analysis. Additionally, ultrasonic testing, known for its high sensitivity in damage localization, was used to cross-check the structural damage. Seismic and coda wave interferometry were also employed to estimate wave velocities, providing insights into the level of prestress loss and temperature sensitivity. Ultimately, these measurable wave properties help to overcome the uncertainties associated with traditional vibration-based damage detection methods.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-031-96106-9_20</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-031-96105-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EVACES 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Porto, Portugal</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">04.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.12.2025</enrichment>
    <author>Chun-Man Liao</author>
    <author>F. Bernauer</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <author>H. Igel</author>
    <author>C. Hadziioannou</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prestress Loss</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ambient Vibration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic Testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coda Wave Interferometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Seismic Interferometry</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55636</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
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    <publisherName/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids in additive manufacturing with concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Freeform additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a rising technology in civil engineering with several fascinating advantages. Nonetheless, to ensure reliability and structural integrity, standards and quality control are required in the future to bring this technology into the market. As the concrete is manufactured continuously, continuous quality control of the printing process is also required, i.e. comprehensive process monitoring. At BAM, a test rig will be installed, enabling the printing of concrete structures with a maximum size of 2 m x 1 m x 1 m (l x w x h). Here, process monitoring is the focus of the test rig. In this study, we show the results of the first pump tests, including the measurement of several parameters such as temperature and pressure along the supply system, i.e. from the concrete pump to the printer head.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDTCE 2022)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556367</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zurich, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Alexander Mezhov</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing of concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bingham fluid</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55636/Strangfeld_2022_Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55637</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids in additive manufacturing with concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Freeform additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a rising technology in civil engineering with several fascinating advantages. Nonetheless, to ensure reliability and structural integrity, standards and quality control are required in the future to bring this technology into the market. As the concrete is manufactured continuously, continuous quality control of the printing process is also required, i.e. comprehensive process monitoring. At BAM, a test rig will be installed, enabling the printing of concrete structures with a maximum size of 2 m x 1 m x 1 m (l x w x h). Here, process monitoring is the focus of the test rig. In this study, we show the results of the first pump tests, including the measurement of several parameters such as temperature and pressure along the supply system, i.e. from the concrete pump to the printer head.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zurich, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing of concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bingham fluid</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63069</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>134</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>135</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>75</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>concrete content UG</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Schermbeck</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">63. DAfStb-Forschungskolloquium in der BAM - Themenblock 3: Innovative Technologien</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Innovationen sind der Treiber des technologischen Fortschritts. Durch die Anwendung innovativer Technologien, Produktionsverfahren und neuer Materialien können Effizienzsteigerungen erzielt werden, die sowohl zu einer Kosten- als auch Materialreduzierung führen können. Gerade vor dem Hintergrund einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung sind Innovationen der Schlüssel zu einem verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit Ressourcen und Rohstoffen. Im Rahmen des 63. DAfStb-Forschungskolloquiums (Tagungsband: DOI 10.26272/opus4-61338) an der BAM wurden innovative Ansätze im Bereich effizienter Fertigungstechnologien und neuer Materialien vorgestellt, die nachfolgend kurz zusammengefasst werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Beton</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0005-9846</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613383</enrichment>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Annika Robens-Radermacher</author>
    <author>Julia von Werder</author>
    <author>Sandra Weigel</author>
    <author>Alexander Mezhov</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biorezeptive Oberflächen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biopolymere</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.1 Baustoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.7 Modellierung und Simulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65307</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>45</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>49</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>01</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>DVV Media Group GmbH | Eurailpress</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Hamburg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Zustandserfassung von Spannbetonschwellen mittels akustischer Methoden</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Unterseitige oder innenliegende Risse bzw. Gefügeschäden in Spannbetonschwellen können durch Sichtprüfung häufig nicht festgestellt werden. Mit zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren werden diese Schäden und deren räumliche Ausdehnung visualisiert und einer quantitativen Analyse unterzogen. Das Ultraschallverfahren kann zusätzlich die Tiefenlage von Rissen innerhalb der Schwellen feststellen. Auch das Impakt-Echo-Verfahren zeigt im Signalbild eine klare Abhängigkeit vom Schwellenzustand. Durch eine neuartige luftgekoppelte Signalanregung, die keinen mechanischen Kontakt zur Oberfläche benötigt, kann dieses Verfahren auf Prüfzügen bei hohen Fahrgeschwindigkeiten eingesetzt werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Der Eisenbahningenieur</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>David Ringeloth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spannbetonschwellen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultraschall</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impakt-Echo</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zustandsbewertung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65305</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Embedded Sensors for Quality Control and Structural  Integrity Monitoring of Large-scale 3DCP Structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP), addressing challenges related to safety, reliability, and quality control is crucial for widespread  adoption. Yet current limitations in monitoring material properties during and after printing hinder the development of effective 3DCP guidelines. Therefore, the development of an inline sensing system capable of real-time monitoring and adjustment of process parameters is necessary to overcome these challenges. &#13;
Building upon an existing inline sensing system developed by BAM, which currently monitors material properties during printing and the geometry of the print post-extrusion, this study extends its capabilities to post-extrusion monitoring using embedded piezoelectric (PZT) sensors. These PZT sensors provide localized measurements of material changes through electrical impedance (EI) measurements without disrupting the printing process. By embedding these sensors in 3D printed structures, continuous monitoring is achieved from layer deposition through 1-day of hydration. To achieve this, initially, PZT sensors were developed with multiple layers of protective coatings. Two different 3D printed mixtures, each with different hydration behaviors, were utilized, and PZT sensors were strategically placed between printed layers to maintain their integrity. EI measurements were collected continuously from printing through 1 day of hydration. Analysis of amplitude and frequency changes in the EI response spectrum provided insights into material behavior post-printing. The study highlights how continuous monitoring of frequency and conductance can track structural builtup and property development of the material. Rapid changes in conductance measurements, immediately post-printing indicate swift structural built-up, while  key hydration phases are reflected in frequency measurements.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of 34th Annual Conference and Exhibition on Non Destructive Evaluation &amp; Enabling Technologies</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">34th Annual Conference and Exhibition on Non Destructive Evaluation &amp; Enabling Technologies</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chennai, India</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amarteja Kocherla</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded Sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3D Concrete Printing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality Control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inline  Sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural Integrity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63756</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>491</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Closure of "Quantification of moisture content in earth block masonry under natural climatic conditions"</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In January 2025, the research paper “Quantification of moisture content in earth block masonry under natural climatic conditions” was published in Construction and Building Materials. The central theme was the moisture monitoring of a masonry wall made of unstabilised earth blocks over a period of around 18 months. The experimental results were compared to WUFI simulations, and the moisture transport in layered wall constructions was eventually studied in WUFI. Prof. Janssen discussed this publication in Construction and Building Materials. He raised concerns about the experiments and modelling of moisture transport. In this closure, the capillary adsorption coefficient was recalculated, and deviations from the initial value were quantified. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in WUFI to evaluate the influence of different water vapour resistances and water adsorption coefficients. The resulting moisture transport was then compared to material moisture profiles measured using 1H NMR relaxometry. Finally, the water adsorption behaviour of different earth materials is discussed in respect to material moisture and corresponding relative humidity.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Construction and Building Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142552</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0950-0618</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-637569</identifier>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623518</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.09.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Philipp Wiehle</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Earth masonry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Moisture transport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capillary water absorption</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded humidity sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NMR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WUFI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Material moisture</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Water vapour diffusion resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sustainable building materials</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63756/Strangfeld_2025_Closure of Quantification of moisture content in earth block masonry.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54697</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2571</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2576</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>62</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">HF RFID-based measurement comparison for method optimization in M2 concrete and alkali-activated mortars</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Monitoring of repositories for radioactive waste requires techniques which can be applied long-term under harsh conditions. In this work, the reliability and suitability of materials and a capacitive sensor for measuring relative humidity are investigated, which are to be embedded in the special concrete components for the closure structures of underground repository. Preliminary tests with accelerated aging of the materials used, validation of the sensors under difficult conditions, investigations of the surfaces after aging by pH 14 solution, defined exposure of the sensors in a climatic chamber and the microscope images are discussed. The results will be used for further development and optimization of the RFID based sensor systems which can be applied to monitor the condition of different building structures without cabling.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials today: Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2214-7853</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.465</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">37th Danubia - Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Linz, Austria</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.09.2022</enrichment>
    <author>Sergej Johann</author>
    <author>Franziska Baensch</author>
    <author>Patrick Sturm</author>
    <author>Carlo Tiebe</author>
    <author>Samuel Pötschke</author>
    <author>Vera Lay</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali-activated mortars</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Passive sensor interface</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RFID</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Smart structures</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65602</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>19</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evaluation of ultrasonic signals collected from laboratory concrete specimens: Preprocessing and analysis with coda wave interferometry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Efficient maintenance of infrastructure relies on monitoring and assessment of its condition. New technologies and methods thereby enable a deeper understanding of the materials used and of the structures built. Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI) is currently explored for continuous monitoring of reinforced concrete structures as well as material testing. This ultrasound-based method is sensitive to even small material alterations and therefore suitable for the detection of initial damage stages. Herein, a step-by-step procedure for the evaluation of ultrasonic signals with CWI methods is presented. The described procedure is proposed for ultrasonic signals collected with embedded ultrasonic transducers with a center frequency of 50 kHz to 70 kHz from prism-shaped concrete specimen with dimensions of 400 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. The raw ultrasonic signal, preprocessing and CWI analysis are described and influences of parameters within the analysis are discussed. The presented procedure allows systematic and comparable analysis of ultrasonic signals generated with similar conditions and therefore contributes to the application of CWI methods for structural health monitoring and material testing.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">MethodsX</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2215-0161</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.mex.2026.103811</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656027</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorFirstName_6,PersonAuthorLastName_6,PersonAuthorFirstName_7,PersonAuthorLastName_7,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleParent_1,ArticleNumber,Volume,PublishedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.03.2026</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Eva Jägle</author>
    <author>Rujika Tuladhar</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <author>Niklas Epple</author>
    <author>Camila Andrea Sanchez Trujillo</author>
    <author>Christoph Gehlen</author>
    <author>Jithender J. Timothy</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coda wave interferometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65602/1-s2.0-S2215016126000282-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65630</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>34</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Guidance on inspection-supported reliability assessment of existing bridges in Germany</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This contribution is intended to disseminate the contents of a national recommendation for Action draft for the inspection-based reliability analysis of existing bridges. The focus is on the utilization of non-destructive testing methods for verifications in both the ultimate and the serviceability Limit states. First, the contents of the developed recommendation for action are outlined. The Guideline covers the process from the purposeful definition of inspection strategies via the quality assessment of measured information to the partial factor-based assessment under consideration of qualityevaluated on-site inspection results. Secondly, the concept of the drafted recommendation for action is demonstrated using a prestressed concrete bridge as a case study.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IABSE Symposium 2025, Tokyo</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/10168664.2024.2363597</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IABSE Symposium Tokyo 2025</enrichment>
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    <author>S. Küttenbaum</author>
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    <author>A. Taffe</author>
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      <value>Life management</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Brücken</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Civil engineering</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>State-of-the-art</value>
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    <volume>41</volume>
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    <publisherName>Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Nis</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Concrete performance assessment based on gas permeability testing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Designing of structures with medium to high performance requirements is a demanding and challenging engineering task. Depending on the location and type of the planned structure, various pre-testing methods should be applied. In recent decades, there has been a focus on the durability of concrete. Concrete is a porous material with a relatively thin protective cover layer, making it vulnerable to the penetration of external agents such as carbon dioxide. Gas permeability testing (kT), a relatively new non-destructive method (NDT), should therefore be considered. This paper presents results of gas permeability testing on a set of larger concrete samples made under controlled conditions with some paroperty variations order to find initial kT parameters important for quality assurance.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">3009-4674</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.62683/ZRGAF41.2</identifier>
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    <author>Jelena Bijeljic</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Permeability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Durability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Torrent Tester</value>
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  <doc>
    <id>65730</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
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    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <title language="deu">Risserkennung an Spannbetonschwellen mittels Ultraschall und luftgekoppeltem Impakt-Echo</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Jährlich werden ca. 2,5 Millionen Betonschwellen auf den Bahnstrecken Deutschlands ausgetauscht. Ob ein Austausch notwendig ist, wird durch Sichtprüfung, also anhand äußerer Schäden, entschieden. Derzeit werden keine Verfahren eingesetzt, die Bahnschwellen auch auf nicht sichtbare Schäden überprüfen. Hier setzt das luftgekoppelte Impakt-Echo-Verfahren an, das innenliegende Schäden diagnostiziert. Mit Hilfe eines Überschall-Freistrahls wird die Eigenfrequenz der Schwelle angeregt. Ist diese durch Risse geschädigt, sinkt die Frequenz deutlich. Die Anregung erfolgt berührungslos und kontinuierlich, so dass auch Messungen in Bewegung und bei Überfahrten möglich werden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">14. Fachtagung ZfP im Eisenbahnwesen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Erfurt, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Spannbetonschwelle</value>
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      <value>Rissdetektion</value>
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      <value>Ultraschallprüfung</value>
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      <value>Impakt-Echo Verfahren</value>
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      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Luftgekoppelte Impakt-Echo Anregung</value>
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