<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>55418</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Modification of Co–Cr alloys to optimize additively welded microstructures and subsequent surface finishing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Cobalt chromium alloys are often used in turbine and plant construction. This is based on their high thermal and mechanical stress resistance as well as their high wear resistance to corrosive and abrasive loads. However, cobalt is a cost-intensive material that is difficult to machine. Moreover, increasingly complex structures and the optimisation of resource efficiency also require additive manufacturing steps for the production or repair of components in many sectors. Concerning inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the microstructure and properties as well as manufacturing-related stresses, a lot of knowledge is still necessary for the economic use of additive welding processes in SMEs. As a result of the high stresses on the components&#13;
and requirements for a high surface quality, a complementary use of additive and machining manufacturing processes is necessary. Thereby, Co–Cr alloys are extremely challenging for machining with geometrically defined cutting edges because of their low thermal conductivity combined with high strength and toughness. An approach to solve this problem is to refine and homogenise the microstructure. This is achieved by modifying the alloy with elements zirconium and hafnium, which are added up to a maximum of 1 wt.-%. A reduction of the process forces and stresses on the tool and work piece surface is also achievable via hybrid milling processes. There are already studies on the combined use of additive and machining manufacturing processes based on laser technology. However, knowledge based on powder and wire-based arc processes is important, as these processes are more widespread. Furthermore, the effects on the surface zone of additively manufactured components by hybrid finish milling have not yet been a subject of research. The results show that the structural morphology could be significantly influenced with the addition of zirconium and hafnium.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-022-01334-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554182</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>A. Eissel</author>
    <author>Lorenz Engelking</author>
    <author>K. Treutler</author>
    <author>V. Wesling</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy modification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic-assisted milling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Plasma-transferred arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Co-Cr-alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55418/Eissel_Engelking_2022_Modification_Of_CoCr_Alloys.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55398</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>951</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of Heat Control on Properties and Residual Stresses of Additive-Welded High-Strength Steel Components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This contributed to the knowledge regarding the safe avoidance of cold cracking. In addition to a thermophysical simulation using a dilatometer of different high-strength steels with subsequent tensile testing, reference WAAM specimens (open hollow cuboids) were welded while utilizing a high-strength filler metal (ultimate tensile strength &gt; 790 MPa). The heat control was varied by means of the heat input and interlayer temperature such that the Dt8/5 cooling times corresponded to the recommended processing range (approx. 5 s to 20 s). For the heat input, significant effects were exhibited, in particular on the local residual stresses in the component. Welding with an excessive heat input or deposition rate may lead to low cooling rates, and hence to unfavorable microstructure and component properties, but at the same time, is intended to result in lower tensile residual stress levels. Such complex interactions must ultimately be clarified to provide users with easily applicable processing recommendations and standard specifications for an economical WAAM of high-strength steels. These investigations demonstrated a major influence of the heat input on both the cooling conditions and the residual stresses of components manufactured withWAAM using high-strength filler materials. A higher heat input led to longer cooling times (Dt8/5) and approx. 200 MPa lower residual stresses in the surface of the top layer.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Metals</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/6/951</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/met12060951</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-553982</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>R. Scharf-Wildenhain</author>
    <author>A. Hälsig</author>
    <author>J. Hensel</author>
    <author>Karsten Wandtke</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WAAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength filler metals</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55398/metals-12-00951-v2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56091</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigations on influencing the microstructure of additively manufactured Co‑Cr alloys to improve subsequent machining conditions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Co-Cr alloys are frequently used for highly stressed components, especially in turbine and plant construction, due to their high resistance to thermal and mechanical stress, as well as to corrosive and abrasive loads. Furthermore, they are classified as difficult-to-cut materials because of their high strength and toughness as well as their low thermal conductivity. However, for Co, an increased cost and supply risk can be observed in recent years. Therefore, additive manufacturing (AM) offers significant economic advantages due to higher material efficiency regarding repair, modification, and manufacturing of such components. Concerning inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the microstructure and properties as well as manufacturing-related stresses, a lot of knowledge is still necessary for the economic use of additive welding processes in SMEs. In addition, subsequent machining, particularly contour milling, is essential to generate the required complex contours and surfaces. Hence, additive and machining manufacturing processes need to be coordinated in a complementary way, especially due to additional challenges arising in milling of heterogeneous hard-to-cut microstructures. Recently, it has been shown that modern, hybrid cutting processes, such as ultrasonic-assisted milling (US), can improve the cutting situation. In this investigation, the Co-Cr initial alloy is additionally modified with Ti and Zr up to 1 wt% with the aim to enhance the homogeneity of the microstructure and, thus, the machinability. Hence the investigation includes finish milling tests of the AM components and the comparison of US and conventional machining. Both the modifications and the ultrasonic assistance exhibit a significant effect on the machining situation; for example US causes a higher surface integrity of the finish milled surfaces compared to conventional milling.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-022-01397-z</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560917</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress on Welding, Additive Manufacturing and associated non-destructive testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">09.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>A. Eissel</author>
    <author>Lorenz Engelking</author>
    <author>K. Treutler</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>V. Wesling</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cobalt-chromium alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic-assisted milling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface integrity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56091/Eissel_Engelking_Investigations on infuencing the microstructure of AM Co-Cr alloys.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55567</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Determination of residual stress evolution during repair welding of high-strength steel components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">During the assembly of steel structures, unacceptable weld defects may be found. An economical solution is local thermal gouging of the affected areas and re-welding. Due to high shrinkage restraints of repair weld and sur- rounding structure, high global and local welding stresses superimpose, and may lead to cracking and component failure, especially in connection with the degraded microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steels during the repair process. Component-related investigations of high-strength steels (FOSTA P1311/ IGF20162N) focus on welding residual stress evolution during local thermal gouging and rewelding. In this study, repair welding of S500MLO (EN 10225) is carried out using in-situ digital image correlation (DIC) and ex- situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyse strains and stresses. Self-restrained slit specimen geometries were identified representing defined rigidity conditions of repair welds of real components, which were quantified using the restraint intensity concept. The specimens were rewelded with constant welding heat control and parameters. Weld specimens exhibited significantly increased transverse residual stresses with higher transverse restraint intensities, in the weld metal, and in the heat affected zone. Transverse stresses along the weld seam decrease at the weld seam ends leading to different stress state during gouging and welding. XRD analysis of the longitudinal and transverse local residual stresses after cooling to RT showed a good comparability with global DIC analyses.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Forces in mechanics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100073</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2666-3597</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555672</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.08.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Amadeus Becker</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair-welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital image correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stresses</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55567/1-s2.0-S2666359722000038-main (1).pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60796</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>142</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>578</volume>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Abschlussbericht Herstellung beanspruchungsgerechter Oberflächen durch Kombination innovativer additiver und abtragender Fertigungsschritte an hochbelasteten Komponenten</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Beschaffung und Verarbeitung von Werkstoffen für hochbelastete Komponenten sind meist kostenintensiv. Bestrebungen zur Kosten- und Ressourceneffizienz führen zu komplexeren Strukturen bzw. Konturen, sodass additive Fertigungsschritte zur Bauteilreparatur und -fertigung deutliche ökonomische Vorteile bieten. Hierfür sind additive und abtragende Fertigungsschritte komplementär und gezielt aufeinander abzustimmen, um beanspruchungsgerechte Funktionsflächen herzustellen. Hinsichtlich Inhomogenität und Anisotropie der Gefüge und Eigenschaften sowie fertigungsbedingter Beanspruchungen sind für den wirtschaftlichen Einsatz bei KMU, gerade für drahtbasierte Fertigungsverfahren und Wechselwirkungen nachfolgender Zerspanung dieser schwer spanbaren Werkstoffe noch viele Kenntnisse notwendig. Deshalb sind Untersuchungen zu diesen Einflüssen und Wechselwirkungen unter Nutzung innovativer Ansätze durchgeführt worden. Mit typischen kostenintensiven Ni- und Co-Cr-Legierungen wurden additive Bauteile, Auftrag- und Reparaturschweißungen hergestellt und Schweißzusätze für das PTA-Verfahren modifiziert, um die Erstarrungsmorphologie und das Eigenschaftsprofil zu optimieren. Die Übertragung auf MSG-Verfahren sicherte einen breiten industriellen Einsatz für hohe Auftragraten ab. Dies geschah mithilfe von modifizierten Fülldrähten sowie beschichteten Massivdrähten. Die wirtschaftliche spanende Bearbeitbarkeit wurde mit Zerspanbarkeitsanalysen für Schlichtfräsen und vergleichend für ultraschallunterstütze Fräsprozesse sichergestellt. Instrumentierte Experimente und Werkstoffanalytik hinsichtlich der Einflüsse auf Schmelzbad, Gefüge und Ausscheidungen sowie auf Randzoneneigenschaften und Eigenspannungen ermöglichten umfassende Erkenntnisse zur kombinierten additiven und abtragenden Fertigung. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine Modifikation der Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe eine Homogenisierung der Mikrostruktur bedingt, welche wiederum den Zerspanprozess stabilisiert und letztendlich zu reduzierten Zerspankräften führt. Ferner wurde festgestellt, dass der ultraschallunterstützte Fräsprozess im Vergleich zum konventionellen Fräsprozess eine signifikante Reduzierung der Zerspankraft sowie eine höhere Oberflächenintegrität bedingt. Insbesondere die Induzierung oberflächennaher Druckeigenspannungen ist dabei hervorzuheben. Durch Bauteilversuche und -prüfungen, erfolgreiche Übertragbarkeitsstudien weiterer innovativer Werkstoffe verbunden mit Handlungsempfehlungen und der Zusammenarbeit mit den jeweiligen Normungsgremien, profitieren KMU von einer hochwirtschaftlichen Herstellung und Reparatur kostenintensiver Komponenten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS Forschungsvereinigung</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96870-578-1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Lorenz Engelking</author>
    <author>A. Eissel</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>K. Treutler</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>V. Wesling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Legierungsmodifikation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultraschallunterstütztes Fräsen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oberflächenintegrität</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metallschutzgasschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63273</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>381</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>390</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>15</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Shaker Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düren</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Clausthaler Zentrum für Materialtechnik</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Schweißen im Betrieb an Wasserstoff-Ferngasleitungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Wasserstoff gilt als Energieträger für die Erreichung der Klimaziele und einer nachhaltigen zukünftigen Energieversorgung. Für den notwendigen Transport des Wasserstoffs in großem Maßstab und über weite Entfernungen ist eine zuverlässige Pipeline-Infrastruktur erforderlich. Umfassende weltweite Forschungsprojekte deuten auf die allgemeine Kompatibilität der verwendeten überwiegend ferritischen Stähle für die vorgesehenen Betriebsbedingungen von bis zu 60 °C bei 100 bar Wasserstoff hin. Dies ist jedoch nicht direkt übertragbar auf schweißtechnische Reparatur- und Wartungsarbeiten an im Betrieb befindlichen Pipelines. Ein im Erdgasnetz etabliertes Verfahren stellt das „Hot-Tapping“ dar, bei dem eine unter Druck stehende Pipeline im Betrieb angebohrt wird. Hierfür kommt ein an die Rohrleitung geschweißtes Formstück zum Einsatz, das die Montage der Bohr-/Lochschneidemaschine ermöglicht. In den Richtlinien EIGA 121/14 bzw. AIGA 033/14 wird darauf hingewiesen, dass das Anbohren von Wasserstoffleitungen kein Routineverfahren darstellt: “[…] a hydrogen hot-tap shall not be considered a routine procedure […]“. Dieser Aussage liegt unter anderem zugrunde, dass das Anschweißen des Formstücks an das Rohr und alle zu erwartenden Wärmebehandlungen vor und nach dem Schweißen eine lokale Temperaturerhöhung verursachen. Insbesondere auch an der Rohrinnenfläche, die dem Wasserstoff ausgesetzt ist. Diese erhöhten Temperaturen begünstigen die Absorption und Diffusion von Wasserstoff in das Material. Besonders zu beachten ist außerdem die lokal auftretende kurzzeitige Austenitisierung des Materials, die eine lokal stark erhöhte Wasserstoffkonzentration verursachen kann. Aus den genannten Gründen gibt diese Studie einen kurzen Überblick über die derzeit weltweit verfügbaren Forschungsprojekte zum Schweißen von Wasserstoff-Pipelines im Betrieb. Vorgestellt werden unter anderem erste Ergebnisse des Kooperationsforschungsprojektes H2SuD, das derzeit an der BAM bearbeitet wird.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband 6. Symposium Materialtechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2364-0804</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8440-9961-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8191-0041-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21268/20250506-12</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632731</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">3052-3524</identifier>
    <note>Serientitel: Fortschrittsberichte der Materialforschung und Werkstofftechnik – Series title: Bulletin of Materials Research and Engineering</note>
    <enrichment key="eventName">6. Symposium Materialtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.2370/9783819100413</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-SA - Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Sebastian Kaiser</author>
    <author>Kjell Erxleben</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Materialdegradation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63273/FINALES_Manuskript_Kaiser.pdf</file>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63273/978-3-8191-0041-3_Inhaltsverzeichnis.pdf</file>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63273/978-3-8191-0041-3_Titelblatt_Impressum.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60071</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>4</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>International Association Welding</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Parameters and challenges for reliable hydrogen determination in welded joints by carrier gas hot extraction</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the hydrogen-based energy economy of tomorrow, the construction of the necessary infrastructure will play a central role. Most materials used to date, such as welded steels, can be prone to hydrogen embrittlement under certain conditions. This includes the classic delayed cold cracking during welding as well as degradation phenomena during service of components in hydrogen-containing environment. For the evaluation of any hydrogen effect, for example, on the mechanical properties of a welded metallic material, the hydrogen content must be precisely determined. In the case of weld seams, the carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) according to ISO 3690 is meanwhile state-of-the-art. CGHE is based on accelerated hydrogen degassing due to the thermal activation of hydrogen at elevated temperatures. In addition to the quantification of hydrogen, thermal desorption analysis (TDA) with varying heating rates can be used to determine and evaluate the hydrogen trapping at microstructural defects in the material. For both techniques, experimental and metrological influences must be considered, which have a major effect on the result. For example, ISO 3690 suggests different sample geometries and minimum extraction times for CGHE. This study summarizes the results and experiences of numerous investigations at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) with different sample temperatures and geometries (ISO 3690 type B and cylindrical TDA samples) regarding the influence of the sample surface (polished/welded), measurement accuracy depending on the sample volume and the insufficient monitoring of the effect of PI control on the extraction temperature. A deviating extraction temperature from the target temperature can significantly falsify the measurement results. Based on the results, methods are shown which allow the desired extraction temperature to be reached quickly without physically interfering with the measuring equipment. This serves to significantly improve the reliability of the hydrogen measurement through increased signal stability and accelerated hydrogen desorption. In general, an independent temperature measurement with dummy samples is recommended for the heating procedure of choice to exclude possible undesired temperature influences before the measurement. The methods described can be transferred directly to industrial applications</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Paton Welding Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0957-798X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.37434/tpwj2024.04.01</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_import_data">{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:38:20Z","timestamp":1715906300104},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"International Association Welding","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Paton Welding J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"DOI":"10.37434\/tpwj2024.04.01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T11:36:09Z","timestamp":1715859369000},"page":"3-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parameters and challenges for reliable hydrogen determination in welded joints by carrier gas hot extraction"],"prefix":"10.37434","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Rhode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM), Department 9 - Component Safety, Berlin, Germany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kannengiesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM), Department 9 - Component Safety, Berlin, Germany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Otto-von-Guericke-University, Institute for Materials Testing and Research, Magdeburg, Germany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"23805","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1. Rhode, M., Kannengie\u00dfer, T. (2021) F\u00fcgetechnik f\u00fcr die Wasserstoff\u00f6konomie - Werkstoffe, Schwei\u00dftechnologien, Perspektiven. In: DVS-Berichte 373. DVS-Media GmbH, D\u00fcsseldorf."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"2. Steiner, D., Marewski, U. et al. (2023) DVGW-Project SyWeSt H2 - Final report. Study funded by DVGW e.V. https:\/\/www.dvgw.de\/medien\/dvgw\/forschung\/berichte\/g202006-sywesth2-staehle.pdf"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"3. ISO 3690:2018: Welding and allied processes - Determination of hydrogen content in arc weld metal."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"4. ANSI\/AWS A4.3-93:2006: Standard methods for determination of the diffusible hydrogen content of martensitic, bainitic, and ferritic steel weld metal produced by arc welding."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"5. Padhy, G.K., Komizo, Y.I. (2013) Diffusible hydrogen in steel weldments - a status review. Transact. of the Japanese Welding Research Institute, 1, 39-62."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"6. Jenkins, N., Hart, P.H.M. et al. (1997) An evaluation of rapid methods for diffusible weld hydrogen. Welding J. 76(1), 1s-10s."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s40194-018-0664-9","article-title":"Hydrogen determination in welded specimens by carrier gas hot extraction - a review on the main parameters and their effects on hydrogen measurement","volume":"63","author":"Rhode","year":"2019","unstructured":"7. Rhode, M., Schaupp, T. et al. (2019) Hydrogen determination in welded specimens by carrier gas hot extraction - a review on the main parameters and their effects on hydrogen measurement. Welding in the World, 63, 511-526.","journal-title":"Welding in the World"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"8. Rhode, M. (2016) Hydrogen diffusion and effect on degradation in welded microstructures of creep-resistant low-alloyed steels: BAM-Dissertationsreihe 148, Berlin."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s40194-014-0186-z","article-title":"Hydrogen determination in 22MnB5 steel grade by use of carrier gas hot extraction technique","volume":"59","author":"Salmi","year":"2015","unstructured":"9. Salmi, S., Rhode, M. et al. (2015) Hydrogen determination in 22MnB5 steel grade by use of carrier gas hot extraction technique. Welding in the World, 59, 137-144.","journal-title":"Welding in the World"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s40194-017-0546-6","article-title":"Hydrogen trapping in T24 Cr-Mo-V steel weld joints - microstructure effect vs. experimental influence on activation energy for diffusion","volume":"62","author":"Rhode","year":"2018","unstructured":"10. Rhode, M., Mente, T. et al. (2018) Hydrogen trapping in T24 Cr-Mo-V steel weld joints - microstructure effect vs. experimental influence on activation energy for diffusion. Welding in the World, 62, 277-287.","journal-title":"Welding in the World"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"11. N.N. (2023) Emission coefficients of different materials, accessed on 2023-05-18. http:\/\/www.scigiene.com\/pdfs\/428_InfraredThermometerEmissivitytablesrev. pdf"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12. Rhode, M., Muenster, C. et al. (2017) Influence of experimental conditions and calculation method on hydrogen diffusion coefficient evaluation at elevated temperatures. In: Proc. of Inter. Hydrogen Conf. (IHC 2016) on Materials Performance in Hydrogen Environments. Eds by B.P. Somerday, P. Sofronis. ASME Press, 495-503.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.861387_ch56"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"13. (2017) ISO\/DIS 3690: Result and Comment. IIW-Doc. IIE- 760-18: Intermediate Meeting of IIW Commission II-E, Genua, Italy."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"14. (2017) Comments on ISO\/DIS 3690 by Japan Welding Engineering Society. IIW-Doc. II-E-750-17: Intermediate Meeting of IIW Commission II-E, Genua, Italy."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"15. Rhode, M., Nietzke, J. et al. (2022) Hydrogen diffusion and desorption characteristics of a CoCrFeMnNi high entropy and a CoCrNi medium entropy alloy. In: Proc. of 4th Inter. Conf. on Steel and Hydrogen. Pap. H03, 11 pages. Ed. by Duprez L . OCAS, Ghent, Belgium."}],"container-title":["The Paton Welding Journal"],"original-title":["Parameters and challenges for reliable hydrogen determination in welded joints by carrier gas hot extraction"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T11:44:17Z","timestamp":1715859857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/patonpublishinghouse.com\/eng\/journals\/tpwj\/2024\/04\/01\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]}},"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.37434\/tpwj2024.04.01","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-798X","0957-798X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-798X","type":"print"},{"value":"0957-798X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]}}}</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ISO 3690</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carrier gas hot extraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56660</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Alloy modification for additive manufactured Ni alloy components Part II: Effect on subsequent machining properties</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Alloy 36 (1.3912) is an alloy with 36% nickel and 64% iron and is generally classified as a difficult-to-cut material. Increasingly complex structures and the optimization of resource efficiency are making additive manufacturing (AM) more and more attractive for the manufacture or repair of components. Subsequent machining of AM components is unavoidable for its final contour. By using modern, hybrid machining processes, e.g., ultrasonic-assisted milling (US), it is possible to improve the cutting situation regarding the resulting surface integrity as well as the cutting force. Part I deals with the influence of the alloying elements Ti, Zr, and Hf on the microstructure and the hardness of the initial alloy 36. Part II focusses on the effect of the alloy modifications and the ultrasonic assistance on machinability as well as on the surface integrity after finish-milling. The results show a highly significant influence of the ultrasonic assistance. The cutting force during the US is reduced by over 50% and the roughness of approx. 50% compared to conventional milling (CM) for all materials investigated. Moreover, the US causes a defect-free surface and induces near-surface compressive residual stresses. CM leads to a near-surface stress state of approx. 0 MPa.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-022-01438-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-566609</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">75th IIW Annual Assembly</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Tokyo, Japan</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.02.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Lorenz Engelking</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>A. Eissel</author>
    <author>K. Treutler</author>
    <author>V. Wesling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy 36</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic-assisted milling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface integrity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Modification of structural morphology</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56660/Alloy_modifcation_for_additive_manufactured_Ni_alloy_components_PartII_Engelking.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63241</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Technische Universität Clausthal</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Deutschland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Simulation of hydrogen distribution in submerged arc welded heavy plates as tool for evaluating cold cracking sensitivity for offshore structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Foundation structures for offshore wind turbines are typically made of heavy plate struc-tural steels, such as S420ML, welded by submerged arc welding. Due to the welding process conditions, higher amounts of hydrogen can be introduced. In this context, large plate thicknesses result in long diffusion paths and a prolonged diffusion time for hydrogen at ambient temperature and possible delayed hydrogen-assisted cold cracking. As a result, hydrogen can accumulate in areas of high mechanical stress and strain. Due to the delayed diffusion, a minimum waiting time of up to 48 h must be observed before non-destructive testing can be performed. In addition, the assessment of possible cold crack locations is very complex. For this reason, a numerical model of a component-like weld test was developed to simulate the temperature field during welding and subsequent cooling. A hydrogen diffusion model based on the temporal-local temperature distribution was established. It was applied to simulate the change of hydrogen distribution as a function of temperature cycle during multi-layer welding and further for the entire waiting time interval ≤ 48 h. As a result, crack critical areas could be evaluated in terms of accu-mulated hydrogen. An advantage of the diffusion model is the simulation of a normalized concentration, i.e. between "0" (no hydrogen) and "1" (max. concentration), which can be scaled to experimentally determined hydrogen concentrations. Finally, selected results for increased real hydrogen ingress are presented, which confirm the relatively high crack resistance of the S420 submerged arc welded joint.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband 6. Symposium Materialtechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21268/20250507-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632416</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-SA - Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Denis Czeskleba</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.1 Komponenten für Energieträger</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63241/TUC_Tagung_Rhode_280525.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63168</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Component test concept for evaluation of in-service welding on pressurized hydrogen pipelines</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen is set as the energy carrier of tomorrow and most countries will achieve large-scale hydrogen transport through the conversion of the natural gas (NG) grid and the construction of new pipelines. The interaction between hydrogen and the pipeline materials differs fundamentally from that of NG, as hydrogen is readily absorbed into the material. Considering the possible hydrogen embrittlement (HE), the compatibility of the pipeline materials (low-alloyed steels with a wide strength/thickness range) must be investigated. However, pipelines require intervention for maintenance, repair, or grid expansion with welding on/onto the pipelines while in service, i.e. the well-known "hot tapping" and "plugging" or “stoppling”. The challenges compared to NG can be broadly divided into the possible austenitization of the inner pipe material exposed to hydrogen and the welding itself. Both result in a significant increase in hydrogen solubility and could potentially pose challenges in terms of HE. Emphasis is placed on the word "could" because knowledge of "hot tapping" on hydrogen pipelines is scarce due a lack of service experience. To this end, this study proposes a concept for a component-like demonstrator with the objectives: (1) safe feasibility of "hot tapping" on pressurized model hydrogen pipeline sections, (2) facilitate ex-post sample extraction for the purpose of quantifying the absorbed hydrogen concentrations, and (3) ensure in-situ temperature measurement during welding to monitor the pipeline surface temperature. For safety reasons in the event of an unintentional "burn-through", a solid cylinder was inserted in the demonstrator to restrict the hydrogen gas volume to a small, pressurized layer. Reference pipeline surface temperature measurements were ensured on comparable, unpressurized geometries. The investigated range of welding conditions was investigated for representative material/thickness combinations (DN50 to DN200), suggesting the feasibility of the demonstrator for the determination of reliable in-service welding conditions for both installed and new pipelines for hydrogen service.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ptc "Pipeline Open Knowledge Base"</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">20th Pipeline Technology Conference ptc2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Kjell Erxleben</author>
    <author>Sebastian Kaiser</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>C. Hadick</author>
    <author>K. Schu</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-service</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>component test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
