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  <doc>
    <id>51977</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>115</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>9</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Corrosion Study on Wellbore Materials for the CO2 Injection Process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For reliability and safety issues of injection wells, corrosion resistance of materials used needs to be determined. Herein, representative low-cost materials, including carbon steel X70/1.8977 and low alloyed steel 1.7225, were embedded in mortar to mimic the realistic casing-mortar interface. Two types of cement were investigated: (1) Dyckerhoff Variodur commercial Portland cement, representing a highly acidic resistant cement and (2) Wollastonite, which can react with CO2 and become stable under a CO2 stream due to the carbonation process. Exposure tests were performed under 10 MPa and at 333 K in artificial aquifer fluid for up to 20 weeks, revealing crevice corrosion and uniform corrosion instead of expected pitting corrosion. To clarify the role of cement, simulated pore water was made by dispersing cement powder in aquifer fluid and used as a solution to expose steels. Surface analysis, accompanied by element mapping on exposed specimens and their crosssections, was carried out to trace the chloride intrusion and corrosion process that followed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Processes</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/pr9010115</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2227-9717</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-519774</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">11.02.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Quynh Hoa Le</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <author>E. Buggisch</author>
    <author>Bernadette Nicole Schiller</author>
    <author>M. Beck</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon capture storage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon dioxide</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aquifer fluid</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Casing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pitting</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51977/processes-09-00115.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>49301</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Paper 31</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Chongqing/China</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Corrosion Aspects for Materials to be Used in CC(U)S Applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This contribution provides current findings regarding materials susceptibility for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) applications. Basing on results gathered in 2 German long-term projects (COORAL and CLUSTER) suitable materials are introduced as well as dominating impurities of the CO2-stream and corrosion mechanisms. Investigations cover the whole CCUS process chain and provide material recommendations for certain parts.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Corrosion Protection and Application</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1st International Conference on Corrosion Protection and Application</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chongqing, China</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.10.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Quynh Hoa Le</author>
    <author>Oleksandra Yevtushenko</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capture</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Storage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Utilization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCU</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50630</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>421-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>421-19</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>8</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Early Stage of Corrosion Formation on Pipeline Steel X70 Under Oxyfuel Atmosphere at Low Temperature</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The early stage of corrosion formation on X70 pipeline steel under oxyfuel atmosphere was investigated by applying a simulated gas mixture (CO2 containing 6700 ppmv O2, 100 ppmv NO2, 70 ppmv SO2 and 50 ppmv H2O) for 15 h at 278 K and ambient pressure. Short-term tests (6 h) revealed that the corrosion starts as local spots related to grinding marks progressing by time and moisture until a closed layer was formed. Acid droplets (pH 1.5), generated in the gas atmosphere, containing a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3, were identified as corrosion starters. After 15 h of exposure, corrosion products were mainly X-ray amorphous and only partially crystalline. In-situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) results showed that the crystalline fractions consist primarily of water-bearing iron sulfates. Applying Raman spectroscopy, water-bearing iron nitrates were detected as subordinated phases. Supplementary long-term tests exhibited a significant increase in the crystalline fraction and formation of additional water-bearing iron sulfates. All phases of the corrosion layer were intergrown in a nanocrystalline network. In addition, numerous globular structures have been detected above the corrosion layer, which were identified as hydrated iron sulphate and hematite. As a type of corrosion, shallow pit formation was identified, and the corrosion rate was about 0.1 mma−1. In addition to in-situ EDXRD, SEM/EDS, TEM, Raman spectroscopy and interferometry were used to chemically and microstructurally analyze the corrosion products.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Processes</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/pr8040421</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2227-9717</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506303</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.06.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>A. Kratzig</author>
    <author>Quynh Hoa Le</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <author>M. Menneken</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCUS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ ED-XRD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2 pipeline transport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxyfuel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impurities</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50630/processes-08-00421.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56085</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>European Geothermal Congress</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Coating System for Corrosion Protection of Carbon Steel  as an Alternative for High Alloyed Materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Corrosive geothermal brines are a major challenge to geothermal power-plants. For cost reasons, plant designers favorize low alloyed steels, e.g., carbon steel, which are susceptible to uniform and localized corrosion when exposed to geothermal brines having acidic and saline properties. To solve such problem, coatings or inhibitors would be a protective solution as an alternative to the use of high alloyed materials. &#13;
This study investigated a coating system consisting of polyaniline/silicon dioxide basing on locally available resources. Protection against corrosion of carbon steel is shown by long-term exposure and electrochemical tests of coated carbon steels, performed in an artificial acidic and saline geothermal brine, comparable to real conditions at a site in Indonesia. &#13;
Therefore, an integrated coating system is presented for corrosion protection, combining the electro-chemical functionality of polyaniline and the physical advantages of silica.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings EGC 2022</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Geothermal Congress</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.10.22</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.10.22</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Gabriela Aristia</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geothermal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coatings</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polyaniniline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Silicate</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55480</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1730</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1751</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>73</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Corrosion challenges towards a sustainable society</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A global transition towards more sustainable, affordable and reliable energy systems is being stimulated by the Paris Agreement and the United Nation's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This poses a challenge for the corrosion industry, as building climate‐resilient energy systems and infrastructures brings with it a long‐term direction, so as a result the long‐term behaviour of structural materials (mainly metals and alloys) becomes a major prospect. With this in mind “Corrosion Challenges Towards a Sustainable Society” presents a series of cases showing the importance of corrosion protection of metals and alloys in the development of energy production to further understand the science of corrosion, and bring the need for research and the consequences of corrosion into public and political focus. This includes emphasis on the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions, on the lifetime of infrastructures, implants, cultural heritage artefacts, and a variety of other topics.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials and corrosion</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1521-4176</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/maco.202213140</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554801</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">30.10.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>R. Bender</author>
    <author>D. Féron</author>
    <author>D. Mills</author>
    <author>S. Ritter</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <author>I. de Graeve</author>
    <author>A. Dugstad</author>
    <author>S. Grassini</author>
    <author>T. Hack</author>
    <author>M. Halama</author>
    <author>E.-H. Han</author>
    <author>T. Harder</author>
    <author>G. Hinds</author>
    <author>J. Kittel</author>
    <author>R. Krieg</author>
    <author>C. Leygraf</author>
    <author>L. Martinelli</author>
    <author>A. Mol</author>
    <author>D. Neff</author>
    <author>J.-O. Nilsson</author>
    <author>I. Odnevall</author>
    <author>S. Paterson</author>
    <author>S. Paul</author>
    <author>T. Prošek</author>
    <author>M. Raupach</author>
    <author>R. I. Revilla</author>
    <author>F. Ropital</author>
    <author>H. Schweigart</author>
    <author>E. Szala</author>
    <author>H. Terryn</author>
    <author>J. Tidblad</author>
    <author>S. Virtanen</author>
    <author>P. Volovitch</author>
    <author>D. Watkinson</author>
    <author>M. Wilms</author>
    <author>G. Winning</author>
    <author>M. Zheludkevich</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion costs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Preventive strategies</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55480/10_1002_maco_202213140.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57927</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>fra</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>23</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>Avril</issue>
    <volume>2023</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Saint-Denis, France</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>TI</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="fra">La corrosion: un défi pour une société durable</title>
    <abstract language="fra">Une transition mondiale vers des systèmes énergétiques plus durables, abordables et fiables a été initiée par l’accord de Paris et l’Agenda 2030 des Nations unies pour un développement durable. Il s’agit là d’un défi industriel majeur car les systèmes et infrastructures énergétiques résilients au changement climatique exigent de se positionner pour le long terme. Se pencher sur le comportement dans la durée des matériaux structurels - principalement des métaux et des alliages - s’impose alors comme une nécessité. Dans cette optique, « La corrosion : un défi pour une société durable »présente une série de cas montrant l’importance de la tenue à la corrosion et de la protection anticorrosion des métaux et des alliages pour le développement de systèmes durables, économiques et fiables de production d’énergie.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="fra">Techniques de l'ingenieur</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2555-5383</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.51257/a-v1-cor2000</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <author>R. Bender</author>
    <author>D. Féron</author>
    <author>D. Mills</author>
    <author>S. Ritter</author>
    <author>I. de Graeve</author>
    <author>A. Dugstad</author>
    <author>S. Grassini</author>
    <author>T. Hack</author>
    <author>M. Halama</author>
    <author>E.-H. Han</author>
    <author>T. Harder</author>
    <author>G. Hinds</author>
    <author>J. Kittel</author>
    <author>R. Krieg</author>
    <author>C. Leygraf</author>
    <author>L. Martinelli</author>
    <author>A. Mol</author>
    <author>D. Neff</author>
    <author>J.-O. Nilsson</author>
    <author>I. Odnevall</author>
    <author>S. Paterson</author>
    <author>S. Paul</author>
    <author>T. Prosek</author>
    <author>M. Raupach</author>
    <author>R. I. Revilla</author>
    <author>F. Ropital</author>
    <author>H. Schweigart</author>
    <author>E. Szala</author>
    <author>H. Therryn</author>
    <author>J. Tidblad</author>
    <author>S. Virtanen</author>
    <author>P. Volovitch</author>
    <author>D. Watkinson</author>
    <author>M. Wilms</author>
    <author>G. Winning</author>
    <author>M. Zheludkevich</author>
    <subject>
      <language>fra</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>fra</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coûts de la corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>fra</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>fra</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Anticorrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>fra</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stratégies deprévention</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36992</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Nickellegierungen für die Solarthermie</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Solarindustrie bietet Nickellegierungen breite Anwendungsfelder.&#13;
Aufgrund ihrer hohen insbesondere Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit sind sie für Wärmeübertrager, Rohrleitungen und Tanks für Salzschmelzen, Kamine usw. geeignete Konstruktionswerkstoffe.&#13;
Erfahrungen aus dem Kraftwerksbetrieb sind für bestimmte Bereiche (Wasserdampf, Heißluft) nutzbar. Neu entwickelte Wärmeträgersubstanzen stellen die neue Herausforderung für die Konstruktionswerkstoffe dar. Al-haltige Ni-Legierungen zeigen derzeit ein großes Potential für diese Anwendungsfelder.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Workshop: Nickellegierungen für die Industrie der Zukunft - Anforderungen und Lösungen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.06.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.06.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ni-Legierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solarthermie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Beständigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52831</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Study of Polyaniline/Silicon Dioxide based Coating on Carbon Steel in Artificial Geothermal Brine</title>
    <abstract language="eng">By using the available resources in Indonesia, such as silicon dioxide and marine coating base, the PANI/SiO2 modified alkyd coating was able to protect carbon steel in a deaerated artificial geothermal water. The screening of coatings shows that the modification by adding individual pigment was not sufficient to protect carbon steel even during a short-term exposure, indicated by the discoloration after only seven days of exposure. Electrochemical tests indicated that there was no significant change in the Ecorr between the coated and uncoated carbon steel at room temperature. At 150 °C, the coated carbon steel has a lower potential than that of carbon steel, indicating that the coating is protecting carbon steel cathodically or slowing down the corrosion reaction. Finally, a long-term exposure test confirmed that the PANI/SiO2 modified coating successfully protects the carbon steel in the Sibayak artificial geothermal water up to 150 °C for 6 months.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">World Geothermal Congress</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coatings</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polyaniline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sibayak</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SiO2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geothermal</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51074</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>71</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Geothermie aus dem Vulkan – sicher und wirtschaftlich</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Indonesien gilt aufgrund seiner vielen Vulkane als einer der Hotspots für Geothermie. Doch Salz und Hitze setzen den Geothermie‐Anlagen zu und gefährden ihre Sicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit. Ein Team an der BAM hat günstigen, lokal verfügbaren Baustahl jetzt so beschichtet, dass ein nachhaltiger und sicherer Betrieb der Geothermie‐Kraftwerke möglich ist ‐ auch unter Extrembedingungen. &#13;
Das BAM‐Team will das Beschichtungssystem nun den Anwendern in Indonesien zur Verfügung stellen, damit es unter Realbedingungen in einem Geothermie‐Kraftwerk getestet werden kann. Der Schutz vor Korrosion ist mitentscheidend, weil sie die Lebensdauer dieser Kraftwerke bestimmt. Unsere Arbeit könnte die Effizienz der Energieproduktion mit Geothermie wesentlich verbessern.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Materials and Corrosion</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/maco.202070086</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1521-4176</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0947-5117</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Gabriela Aristia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geothermie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>37747</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>paper 69810, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>EFC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Montpellier</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>EFC</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">On the corrosion mechanism of CO2 transport pipeline steels caused by impurities: roles of each impure components and benchmarks</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) has been proposed as a promising technology for the mitigation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere from fossil-fuel-operated power generation plants. As the reliability and cost effectiveness of the pipeline transport network is crucial to the overall operability and resilience of the CCUS system, it is vital to realize the possible corrosion risks of the employed pipeline steels corresponding to the impurity level of the gas source. &#13;
Recent studies have shown that even the high alloyed materials might be susceptible to general and/or localized corrosion by the condensates forming from the impurities such as SOx, NOx, CO, O2 and water [1]. Up to now, however, there is no regulation procedure which defines the maximum acceptable level of impurities and the combination of them for each employed pipeline steels. Herein, systematic experiment series were conducted by mixing pure CO2 gas with varying concentration of each impurity and with the varying combination of them. Each time, the mixture was then fed (1 L/min) into the reactor containing 12 specimens for 120-600 h at 5°C (to simulate the sub-level pipeline transport). The resulted condensate was collected and analyzed by ionic chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition. In this study, the “worst-case scenario” gas mixture, containing 2.5 % H2O, 1.8 % O2, 1000 ppm NO2, and 220 ppm SO2 as impurities, resulted in the condensate containing H2SO4 0.114 M and HNO3 0.0184 M (pH 2.13). This “original” condensate was then re-produced to carry out exposure tests and electrochemical characterization including corrosion potentials and impedance spectroscopy in CO2 saturated condition for 7-14 days at the same temperature. The corrosion rate was also measured by mass loss method. &#13;
We can conclude that, at the initial stage, HNO3 plays the dominant role in Fe dissolution process, while H2SO4 is responsible for the pit initiation followed by pitting corrosion. Future studies will be focused on the combination effect from the impurities and the exposure test under the regularly changing condensate to mimic the real CO2 pipeline system.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings Eurocorr 2016</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Eurocorr 2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Montpellier, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.09.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.09.2016</enrichment>
    <author>Quynh Hoa Le</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Oleksandra Yevtushenko</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon capture utilization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline transport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Condensation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55622</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>859</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>865</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>European Federation of Corrosion</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Electrochemical behaviors of casing steel/mortar interface in CO2 saturated aquifer fluid</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To reveal the corrosion resistance of casing steel/mortar interface in CO2 injection condition, sandwich samples were prepared and exposed up to 20 weeks in aquifer fluid under 10 MPa and 60 °C. Cross section analysis revealed the crevice corrosion as main mechanism instead of pitting corrosion, which would be expected to happen in the extremely high Chloride concentration. Detailed analysis using EDS line scan shown the slow diffusion of Chloride, suggesting why pitting did not happen after 20 weeks. To mimic the passivated steel surface, the steel coupon was passivated in simulated pore solution having pH 13.5 for 42 days. The passivated coupon was further exposed to NGB solution for 28 days. Electrochemical characterization was performed along the exposure processes to reveal the change in impedance, indicating the corrosion resistance of steel casing/mortar interface.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings EUROCORR 2022</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EUROCORR 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">28.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">01.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Quynh Hoa Le</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2 quality</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline network</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>47915</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>13017-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13017-13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>NACE International</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Houston</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Factors Influencing Droplet Corrosion in Dense Phase CO2</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Recent studies have shown that even at a very low concentration of impurities (less than 100 ppmv of SO2, NO2, O2 and H2O) the droplet formation and condensation of sulfuric and nitric acids in dense phase CO2 are possible and observable. To reveal the mechanism of droplet corrosion in dense phase CO2 at high pressure and low temperature, further studies on factors that affect wettability and resulting corrosion behaviors of transport pipeline steels are needed. In this study, effects of surface morphology were investigated by varying surface roughness of carbon steel coupons exposed to CO2 stream containing impurities to measure the wettability by contact angle and to observe the condensation as well as possible droplet corrosion that followed. Other considered factors were: pH of the droplet, temperature, droplet volume, and exposure time.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Nashville, TN, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.03.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Quynh Hoa Le</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <author>Andreas Kratzig</author>
    <author>S. Knauer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCUS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dense phase</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Droplet</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Condensation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52500</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Preliminary Study on Al2O3 Sol-Gel Coating for Corrosion Protection of Martensitic Stainless Steel in Artificial Geothermal Water</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Al2O3 coatings are often used as protective layers on steels against electrochemical and high-temperature corrosion because they are chemically inert and stable at elevated temperatures. This study presents preliminary work on the possibilities of using Al2O3 sol-gel coatings for corrosion protection of martensitic stainless steels in geothermal environments. Al2O3 sol-gel coatings were applied on UNS S42000, which is known to be susceptible to uniform and localized corrosion. The coated steel specimens were then tested in two types of artificial geothermal water, which simulate the geothermal fluids found in Sibayak (SBY), Indonesia, and North German Basin (NGB), Germany, respectively. SBY has pH 4 and 1.5 g/L of chloride ions, whereas NGB has a pH of 6 and 166 g/L of chloride ions. All experiments were carried out in autoclaves at 150 °C and 1 MPa under the deaerated condition. Evaluations were performed by investigating the surface profiles of both uncoated and coated steels before and after the corrosion test using a Laser Scanning Microscope (LSM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Finally, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to compare the corrosion resistance of Al2O3 coated steels in SBY and NGB solutions. It was observed from the corrosion test that Al2O3 coatings are more suitable for use in the geothermal water with a higher pH.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AMPP Annual International Corrosion Conference 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.04.2021</enrichment>
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    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Protective coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sol-gel coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geothermal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Martensitic steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62963</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>AMPP</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Houston TX USA</publisherPlace>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Investigation of corrosion behavior of S355 steel in artificial seawater and sediment</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The safe operation of offshore wind turbines places high demands on corrosion protection. This is particularly the case about the planned future extension of the service life beyond 25 years. The highly corrosive environment towards metallic materials leads to a loss of material thickness of the tower structure and thus to a deterioration of mechanical properties. This can be counteracted by corrosion protection measures adapted to the respective load case, such as organic coatings and cathodic corrosion protection (CCP). Much research has already been done in this area about inhibiting the corrosion process and there are regulations and guidelines that specify requirements for corrosion protection to achieve the required service lives.&#13;
However, gaps exist regarding free corrosion. This plays a greater role especially for time intervals during the installation of the plants and their maintenance, during which often no CCP can be operated. This applies to the exposure areas in the underwater and sediment area. This problem is intensified by the difficult to estimate corrosion rates caused by the different zones, with their different amounts of dissolved oxygen and the various influencing factors.&#13;
This paper deals with experiments conducted in a laboratory container with artificial seawater and sediment in basins.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings AMPP Annual Conference + Expo 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5006/C2025-00002</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AMPP Annual Conference + Expo 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Nashville, TN, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Khalid Zekhnini</author>
    <author>Martin Babutzka</author>
    <author>Lando Seifert</author>
    <author>Andreas Burkert</author>
    <author>Gino Ebell</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Seawater</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sediment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Foundation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Element current</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62964</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of corrosion behavior of S355 steel in artificial seawater and sediment</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The safe operation of offshore wind turbines places high demands on corrosion protection. This is particularly the case about the planned future extension of the service life beyond 25 years. The highly corrosive environment towards metallic materials leads to a loss of material thickness of the tower structure and thus to a deterioration of mechanical properties. This can be counteracted by corrosion protection measures adapted to the respective load case, such as organic coatings and cathodic corrosion protection (CCP). Much research has already been done in this area about inhibiting the corrosion process and there are regulations and guidelines that specify requirements for corrosion protection to achieve the required service lives.&#13;
However, gaps exist regarding free corrosion. This plays a greater role especially for time intervals during the installation of the plants and their maintenance, during which often no CCP can be operated. This applies to the exposure areas in the underwater and sediment area. This problem is intensified by the difficult to estimate corrosion rates caused by the different zones, with their different amounts of dissolved oxygen and the various influencing factors.&#13;
This paper deals with experiments conducted in a laboratory container with artificial seawater and sediment in basins.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AMPP Annual Conference + Expo 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Nashville, TN, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Seawater</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sediment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Foundation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Element current</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64320</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>551</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>568</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IKS-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Freiberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Technische Universität Dresden, institut für Verfahrens- und Umwelttechnik</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Metallene Werkstoffe in Geothermieanlagen - nicht nur aus Sicht der Korrosion</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Um Konstrukteuren und Nutzern geothermischer Anlagen grundlegende Informationen über die Korrosionsbeständigkeit zur Verfügung zu stellen, wurden verschiedene metallene Werkstoffe, darunter nichtrostende Duplex- und austenitische Stähle sowie eine Nickellegierung, in künstlichen Geothermalwässern, die die Bedingungen an verschiedenen Standorten mit geothermischem Potenzial simulieren, mit Hilfe von elektrochemischen und Langzeittests hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung bewertet.&#13;
In hochsalinaren Umgebungen erwies sich Spaltkorrosion als der entscheidende Mechanismus. Die Nickellegierung zeigt eine ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit gegenüber Lochkorrosion. Abgesehen von ihren hohen Kosten eignet sie sich sehr gut für den Bau von Geothermieanlagen mit stark salzhaltigen Fluiden. Rostfreie Stähle und Duplexstähle weisen eine begrenzte Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegen Loch- und Spaltkorrosion auf. Daher sind sie für stark salzhaltige Fluide nicht geeignet. Der Superaustenit zeigt ein temperaturabhängiges Verhalten. In nichtsalinaren Umgebungen könnten niedriglegierte Stähle (neben den höherlegierten Werkstoffen) als Konstruktionsmaterial für Geothermieanlagen eingesetzt werden, sofern eine ausreichende Wandstärke des Materials berücksichtigt wird. &#13;
Neben Korrosionsaspekten erwies sich auch die Ausfällung von Fluidbestandteilen als interessantes Thema. Beim Betrieb der Forschungsanlage in Groß Schönebeck wurden Kupfer- und Bleieffekte im Bohrloch festgestellt. Die auftretenden Mechanismen und Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Ausfällungen und Abscheidungen wurden ebenso untersucht, wie deren mögliche Einflüsse auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit metallener Werkstoffe für Anlagenkomponenten.&#13;
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Geothermalwässern und Ausrüstungskomponenten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Kraftwerkstechnik 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-00-082651-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-00-082652-8</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">57. Kraftwerktechnisches Kolloquium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Dresden, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>A. Keserović</author>
    <author>J. Sobetzki</author>
    <author>H. Sarmiento-Klapper</author>
    <author>A. Boduch</author>
    <author>G. Aristia</author>
    <author>W. Faes</author>
    <author>A. Stoljarova</author>
    <author>S. Zimmer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Örtliche Korrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Edelstahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ni-Legierungen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geothermie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Abscheidung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="660">Chemische Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51300</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Entwicklung einer Prüfmethode zur Bewertung der Materialbeständigkeit von Bauteilen in Mitteldestillatanwendungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im DGMK-Projekt 780 wurde eine forcierte Prüfmethode entwickelt zur Bestimmung der Beständigkeit von metallenen Werkstoffen gegenüber Brennstoffen aus Mitteldestillaten und Gemischen aus Mitteldestillat und paraffinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, die jeweils Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) als biogene Komponente enthalten. Bei der Prüfmethode werden Proben des Werkstoffes in einem speziellen Prüfmedien ausgelagert. Die Zusammensetzung von zwei Prüfmedien wurde im Vorhaben erarbeitet. Die Prüfmedien decken für den FAME-Anteil einen Bereich von bis zu 20 % (V/V) ab. Die Auslagerung kann bei geringem Aufwand unter Atmosphärendruck durchgeführt werden.&#13;
Die Eignung einer Auswahl von metallenen Werkstoffen und Polymerwerkstoffen, die für Versorgungsanlagen für Mitteldestillat relevant sind, wurde durch Auslagerung in folgenden nicht gealterten Brennstoffen bestimmt: Heizöl EL schwefelarm (B0), Heizöl EL schwefelarm mit 20 % (V/V) FAME (B20), FAME (B100) und hydriertes Pflanzenöl (HVO). Die Temperatur bei der Auslagerung betrug 50 °C für die metallenen Werkstoffe und 40 °C und 70 °C für die Polymerwerkstoffe. Die Ergebnisse der Beständigkeitsbewertung wurden in Beständigkeitslisten zusammengefasst. Die mit dem B20 erhaltenen Werkstoffbeständigkeiten gelten generell für Gemische aus Heizöl EL schwefelarm und FAME mit einem FAME-Gehalt bis zu 20 % (V/V). Sie sind auch auf Gemische aus Dieselkraftstoff und FAME mit einem FAME-Gehalt bis 20 %(V/V) übertragbar.&#13;
Die forcierte Prüfmethode kann insbesondere KMUs bei der Weiterentwicklung von bestehenden Produkten und der Entwicklung von neuen Produkten als ein kostengünstiger Schnelltest zur Überprüfung der Werkstoff- und Bauteilbeständigkeit gegenüber Mitteldestillaten mit hohem FAME-Anteil dienen. Sie kann für die Hersteller die Sicherheit erhöhen, dass Bauteile die Freigabeprüfungen der Bauaufsicht bestehen, wobei die Freigabe aber nur für Deutschland gültig ist. &#13;
Die Erkenntnisse des Forschungsvorhabens können in eine harmonisierte Europäischen Norm für alternative Brenn- und Kraftstoffe einfließen. Diese ist für die Bauteilhersteller die Voraussetzung für die Erschließung des europäischen Marktes.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Sitzung des DGMK-Fachausschusses "Brennstoffe"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biobrennstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heizöl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FAME</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52931</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>102193</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>96</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Short-term exposure tests of ɣ-Al2O3 Sol-gel coating on X20Cr13 in artificial geothermal waters with different pH</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The suitability of an Al2O3 coating for corrosion protection on X20Cr13 was evaluated in various artificial geothermal brines, focusing on the influence of different pH (4, 6 and 8) and their chemical compositions on the coating properties. All experiments were performed in the laboratory using autoclaves at 150 ◦C and 1 MPa in deaerated condition for 1 and 7 days. Results showed that the pH of geothermal waters is the most detrimental factor in the transformation of ɣ-Al2O3 and its protective abilities. Delaminations were found in the Coating exposed to geothermal brines with pH 4. FTIR spectra indicated a transformation of ɣ-Al2O3 to boehmite AlOOH after exposure to pH 4 and 6, and bayerite Al(OH)3 was formed after exposure to pH 8. Different Crystal structures of the hydrated Al2O3 also contribute to the stability of the coatings, observed by the SEM- EDX of the surface and cross-section of coatings. This study indicated that ɣ-Al2O3 sol-gel coating presents a promising aspect of corrosion protection in geothermal environment with a neutral pH.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Geothermics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0375-6505</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102193</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>Gabriela Aristia</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Marianne Nofz</author>
    <author>Regine Sojref</author>
    <author>Anka Kohl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al2O3</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Martensitic steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>49711</id>
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    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2019</volume>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Interaction of Oxidizing and Reductive Components in CO2 Streams with Transport Pipeline Steel X70 at High Pressure and Low Temperature</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Specific amounts of oxidizing and reductive impurities as well as some moisture were added to dense phase CO2 to replicate CO2 streams from sources in a CCS pipeline network. Due to the moisture content being only 50 ppmV no visible acid condensation took place. To simulate stress conditions at the inside pipeline surface due to fluid pressure (10 MPa) specimens were preloaded using a load frame. Experiments conducted at 278 K and at 313 K revealed the highest corrosion rate at lower temperature. Corrosive effect of impurities was strongest applying mixed atmosphere, containing oxidizing and reductive components, closely followed by CO2 streams with pure oxidizing character. By far, the lowest corrosion rate (10x lower) resulted from reductive atmosphere. In general, at constant temperature and pressure the CO2 stream composition strongly influences the morphology, thickness and composition of the corrosion products. Applying oxidizing or mixed impurities, iron hydroxides or oxides (e.g. goethite, hematite) occur as dominating corrosion products, capable to incorporate different amounts of sulfur. In contrast, using reductive atmosphere very thin corrosion layers with low crystallinity were developed, and phase identification by XRD was unfeasible. SEM/EDX analysis revealed the formation of Fe-O compounds, most likely attributed to the oxygen partial pressure in the system induced by CO2 (≥0.985 volume fraction) and volatile H2O. In addition to the surface covering corrosion layer, secondary phases had grown locally distributed on top of the layer. These compounds are characteristic for the applied atmosphere and vary in number, shape and chemical composition.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">14th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference Melbourne 21-26 October 2018 (GHGT-14)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ssrn.com/abstract=3365756</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">14th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference (GHGT-14)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Melbourne, Australia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.10.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.10.2018</enrichment>
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    <author>Andreas Kratzig</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <author>Quynh Hoa Le</author>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <author>Axel Kranzmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2 Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipelines</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>49302</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Corrosion Aspects for Materials to be Used in CC(U)S Applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This contribution provides current findings regarding materials susceptibility for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) applications. Basing on results gathered in 2 German long-term projects (COORAL and CLUSTER) suitable materials are introduced as well as dominating impurities of the CO2-stream and corrosion mechanisms. Investigations cover the whole CCUS process chain and provide material recommendations for certain parts.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1st International Conference on Corrosion Protection and Application</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chongqing, China</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.09.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">12.10.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph Bäßler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capture</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Storage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Utilization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CCU</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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