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  <doc>
    <id>54181</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Herausforderung: Verpackungen von Lithiumbatterien</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Je nach Zustand bestehen unterschiedliche Anforderungen an Verpackungen zum Transport von Lithiumbatterien. Hierbei sind bestimmte Prüfungen und Kriterien zu betrachten. Aktuell besteht insbesondere der Bedarf an Verpackungen für kritisch defekte Batterien. Innovative Lösungen sind gefordert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Workshop AG Future Markets New Energy Packaging</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.03.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">12.03.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium Batterien</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gefahrgutverpackungen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56246</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Adlershofer Forschungsforum 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Winckelmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium Ion Batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GD-OES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FIB</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SEM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EDX</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien und Gasanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62302</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Sicherheit von Lithium-und Natrium-Batterien - Brandprüfungen und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Präsentation gibt einen ganzheitlichen Überblick im sicheren Umgang mit elektrochemischen Energiespeichertechnologien. Ferner enthält diese Präsentation einen Überblick über die aktuell an der BAM durchgeführten Forschungsprojekte und hoheitlichen Aufgaben mit Bezug diesen Energiespeichern</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Lehrgang "Moderne elektrochemische Energiespeicher" (905350)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Mannheim, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithiumbatterien</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal Runaway</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sicherheit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Natriumbatterien</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62304</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Electroanalytical experiments at macroporous electrodes for redox-flow batteries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Macroporous carbon felts (CFs) are the prevalently used electrode material for redox-flow batteris. Owing to their large internal surface area, these structures can efficiently drive the Faradaic reactions in a RFB. However, the electrochemical characterization of novel CFs, or modified CF-materials is a cumbersome task. This is essentially related to the complex mass-transport phenomena which are convoluted with the electrode kinetics. This talk will focus on ex-situ cyclic voltammetry and operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as electroanalytical techniques for porous RFB electrodes. Common pitfalls in the voltammetric analysis of CFs are elucidated and recent strategies for modeling and evaluating CV experiments on porous structures are introduced. Finally,  a method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is introduced which allows for an operando fingerprinting of electrochemical reactions in a vanadium-based RFB.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Flow4U-Event</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Eindhoven, Netherlands</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Tim Tichter</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porous Electrodes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Redox-Flow Batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Convolutive modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impedance Spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distribution of Relaxation Times</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62303</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The DSDC Algorithm -  A Universal Strategy for Simulating Voltammetry of Rough and Porous Electrodes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Porous electrodes or electrodes with rough surfaces offer a multitude of tailored applications. The theoretical treatment of such structures is, however, challenging since their voltammetric profile is a convolution of the time-dependent current with an inherently random mass-transfer function. Since the latter quantity has no analytical solution, the classical convolutive techniques cannot be applied. Therefore, simulations have been based on severe simplifications of the diffusion space [1,2] or were performed by means of digital simulation. Unfortunately, the latter approach becomes computationally prohibitive when a large and/or highly resolved, three-dimensional diffusion space needs to be considered. To mitigate these problems, we introduce the digital simulation, deconvolution, convolution (DSDC) algorithm, consisting of four successive steps [3]. Firstly, the three-dimensional image of the electrode under investigation is extracted via micro X-ray computed tomography (µ-CT) or atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Subsequently, the purely mass-transfer controlled current of this spatial template is generated by means of digital simulation. In the third and fourth steps, the mass-transfer function is extracted for a set of discrete points in time by numerical deconvolution and finally used for classical convolutive simulations. In this manner, any simplification of the diffusion domain becomes obsolete and the advantages of digital simulation and convolutive modelling are most favourably combined. Finally, this DSDC-algorithm provides an interdisciplinary connection of ex-situ imaging and in-situ electrochemistry which results in excellent agreement of simulated and experimentally acquired data.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Bunsentagung 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Aachen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Tim Tichter</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porous Electrodes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Convolutive Modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Redox-Flow Batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65068</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Impedance-based characterization of the overstress-related degradationin alkali metal-ion cells</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The successful repurposing of degraded alkali metal-ion batteries in second-life applications is a vital step towards achieving a circular economy. While reusing aged cells is a promising way of mitigating their overall environmental footprint, it is crucial to anticipate their future safety and performance characteristics. Unfortunately, predicting these properties is a cumbersome task, essentially caused by limited knowledge of the interference of different degradation modes in the cells’ first life.&#13;
To still enable estimating of these parameters from a current state, the present study systematically investigates the impact of abusive conditions in an early phase of the cells’ life on their subsequent degradation behavior. For this purpose, individual lithium-ion and sodium-ion cells are initially stressed by different measures such as deep-discharging, high-temperature conditions, and deliberate combinations of the aforementioned methods. Electrochemical performance indicators are monitored during subsequent cycling of the cells, which provides insights into the interdependencies of different degradation modes induced by specific stress conditions. In this manner, it is clarified whether or not the total degradation can be determined by a convolution or a superposition of individual deterioration effects and thus, be described as a multidimensional state function. &#13;
This knowledge will finally contribute to a better understanding of the performance and safety behavior of degraded batteries which can help to successfully implement them into second-life applications.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Doktorandenseminar der Technischen Universität Berlin</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">30.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Robert Leonhardt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali metal-ion batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemical performance indicators</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65078</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Lithiumbatterien, Natrium-Ionen Batterien, Festkörperbatterien - Wohin geht die Regelwerksentwicklung?</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Markt für Energiespeicher befindet sich in einer Phase intensiver technologischer Diversifizierung. Neben etablierten Lithium-Ionen-Batterien gewinnen neue Systeme wie Natrium-Ionen-Batterien und künftige Technologien wie Festkörperbatterien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dies stellt jedoch neue Anforderungen an die Handhabung und Logistik respektiver Systeme und rückt die Klassifizierung von Batterien nach Gefährlichkeit stärker in den Fokus. In diesem Kontext gilt es Transportprozesse zu vereinfachen und simultan die Sicherheit zu erhöhen. &#13;
Im Rahmen dieses Vortrags werden aktuelle und kommende Batterietechnologien vorgestellt, die essenziellen Hürden bei deren Handhabung, Transport und Lagerung zusammenfassend dargestellt und ein umfassender Ausblick auf die Regelwerksentwicklung gegeben. Schwerpunkte liegen dabei auf I) der Entwicklung dedizierter Methoden für die Einordnung in Kategorien defekte und kritisch defekte Batteriesysteme, II) Passivierende Verfahren (thermisch und/oder elektrisch) für einen sicheren Transport und III) der Optimierung der Wertschöpfungskette des Gesamtsystems „Batterie“ durch effizientere Batteriekreisläufe und Recyclingverfahren.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Zweite Fachkonferenz Transport und Lagerung von Lithiumbatterien 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Augsburg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Batteriesicherheit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gekühlter Transport von Batterien</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tieftemperaturpassivierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Regelwerksentwicklung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wertschöpfungskette und Batterierecycling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65077</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">„Batterien“ Gefahrgutrechtliche Entwicklung für die Anwendung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Markt für Energiespeicher bietet eine kontinuierlich wachsende, technologische Vielfalt. Neben etablierten Lithium-Ionen-Batterien gewinnen alternative Systeme wie Natrium-Ionen-Batterien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Jene Entwicklung steigert aktuell die Anforderungen an Regularien für Logistik und Handhabung ebendieser Systeme und bedarf einer dedizierten jedoch gleichwohl praktikablem Klassifizierung unterschiedlicher Batterien nach deren Gefährlichkeit. Genau dies ist der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Präsentation. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf dem sicheren Transport kritisch defekter Batteriesysteme durch thermische Passivierung und/oder gezieltes Tiefentladen. Explizit werden aktuelle und zukünftige Batterietechnologien vorgestellt, die wesentlichen Herausforderungen bei Handhabung, Transport und Lagerung zusammengefasst und ein umfassender Ausblick auf die Weiterentwicklung der relevanten Regelwerke gegeben.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">35. Münchner Gefahrgut-Tage</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Batteriesicherheit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermisches Durchgehen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tieftemperaturpassivierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Initiale Reaktionstemperatur</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gekühlter Transport von (kritisch) defekten Batterien</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56992</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs.[1] Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry (EWCPS 2023)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ljubljana, Slovenia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.01.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.02.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Winckelmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aging mechanisms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Depth-profiling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien und Gasanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.6 Elektrochemische Energiematerialien</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56584</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by GD-OES</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Empa Group Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Dübendorf, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Winckelmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium Ion Batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GD-OES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FIB</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SEM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EDX</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien und Gasanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65079</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Journey From Formula Student to Research at BAM</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this presentation, the battery and cell test center of BAM is introduced to the Berlin Motion Lab. Points of intersection are identified, and interested students are familiarized with BAM’s research priorities in the field of batteries. The aim is to foster interaction and to inspire young researchers to engage with technologically relevant topics.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Berlin Deep Tech Nexus Meetup</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Battery safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>BAM-academy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Qualification programme for PhD students at BAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Advanced (battery) safety topics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65100</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1428</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1439</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2025</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>HySafe</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A modular concept for protection against debris flight - Design, properties and usage</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With advances in technological development, stationary and mobile storage units for compressed hydrogen are becoming larger and larger. Their number is also increasing. At the same time, their design has evolved from steel and aluminium to pressure vessels made of composite materials. For safety reasons the design approval of those composite cylinders requires fire engulfment tests, which are mainly organised as open-air tests always needs dedicated protection measures. Under some conditions those protections measures even reduce the effort for organisational safety measures if e.g. the emission of splinters can get totally prevented. Another aspect is the improved reproducibility of fire tests by reducing the influence of wind.&#13;
Between 2017 and 2019, BAM developed a stackable protective frame made of steel to safely capture splinters for the safe execution of high-energy impact tests. However, this frame was not flexible enough for the follow-up project, which led to a completely new protection concept for (potentially) destructive tests on gas-filled pressure vessels. This concept is based on very robust building blocks made from welded steel. Despite their considerable weight of around 500 kg p.p., they can be combined and stacked very easily like ‘Lego bricks’. The presentation will show the flexibility of the concept, some results of tests on the robustness against pressure waves and the effectiveness in wind attenuation. Finally, the interaction with a new, also modular burner concept for localised fires and full engulfment fires will be presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceeding 11th ICHS 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">979-1-2243-0274-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11th International conference on  hydrogen safety (ICHS 2025)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seoul, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <author>Aliasghar Hajhariri</author>
    <author>Christian Sklorz</author>
    <author>Andreas Kriegsmann</author>
    <author>Karsten Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Splinter protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure vessel testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire engulfment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Destructive tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rupture</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gaseous tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure wave</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Test equipment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Precaution measures</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65101</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Welcome to BAM and the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The presentation starts with general slides on BAM, its mission and focus areas. It provides the fields of activity in the focus area “Energy” and explains the structure of the competence Centre and its focus on building trust in hydrogen.&#13;
The next part shows the H2Safety@BAM’s Products“ in a nutshell and explains the main items with deep dives on the Living Lab “Hydrogen Networks”, the Living Lab „Hydrogen Refuelling Station“, on Reference Materials and Procedures, Storage of Liquid Hydrogen, Storage Systems for Compressed Gases and Material Compatibility.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Information Tour at the Invitation of the Federal Foreign Office  The Hydrogen Economy in Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Living Lab “Hydrogen Networks”</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Living Lab „Hydrogen Refueling Station“</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reference Materials and Procedures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Storage of Liquid Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Storage Systems for Compressed Gases</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Material Compatibility</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65143</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Valorization of Carbon Dioxide by Electrocatalytic Reduction Coupled to Acetogens via Multiple Electron Carriers (Ecat-Acetogens II)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A Bioelectrochemical approach for reducing CO2 to fuels or value-added chemicals allows overcoming the limitations of a pure biochemical or electrochemical approach. A Bioelectrochemical system (BES) for this application has been developed in cooperation with TUM in the first project phase. BAM's contribution to the research focuses on the electrochemical side of the setup, mainly on the development of a suitable CO2RR catalyst for reducing CO2 to CO, which is then consumed by actogenic bacteria to produce further products. Single-metal-atom catalysts in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix (M-N-Cs) are a promising, sustainable alternative to expensive rare-metal catalysts like Ag and Au. In this work, the first-generation catalyst, a ZIF-8-based Co-N-C is compared to a Mg salt mix templated Ni-N-C. In the new catalysts, the activity for CO2RR as well as the stability during BES operation could be enhanced.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">E-Biocat Statusupdate 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Karlsruhe, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">01.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Andrea Sterr</author>
    <author>Irina Schwarz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2RR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>M-N-Cs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bioelectrochemical System</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.6 Elektrochemische Energiematerialien</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65151</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
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    <title language="eng">DE-JP Hydrogen Safety Cooperation - Contribution of H2Safety@BAM</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The presentation starts with general slides on BAM, its location, mission, tasks and focus areas. It provides the fields of activity in the focus area “Energy” and explains the structure of the competence Centre and its focus on building trust in hydrogen. The test sides at TTS on hydrogen are explained in combination with the H2Safety@BAM’s products in a nutshell. &#13;
Then the major H2-applications of H2Safety@BAM are explained by deep dives on the Living Lab “Hydrogen Networks”, the Living Lab „Hydrogen Refuelling Station“, on Explosion Protection, on Reference Materials and Procedures, on Material Compatibility, on Storage Systems for Compressed Gases and Storage of Liquid Hydrogen as well as on the Training and Further Education. &#13;
The presentation ends with an overview about our international work on H2Safe-Collaboration.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">KICK-OFF WORKSHOP: JAPANESE-GERMAN COOPERATION ON H2 SAFETY</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Living Lab</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Networks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Refuelling Station</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion Protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Material Compatibility</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Compressed Gases</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
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    <pageNumber/>
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    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Machine Learning Approach for Robust Acoustic Emission-Based Damage Classification in Pressure Vessels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Accurate damage classification of Composite Pressure Vessels (CPVs) is crucial for understanding failure behaviour of hydrogen storage systems. Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is a non-destructive testing technique capable of detecting signals from different failure mechanisms such as fiber breakage and matrix cracking, supporting durability assessment of CPVs. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to combine AE and advanced deep learning techniques to develop a robust framework for automatic and accurate identification and classification of damage mechanisms across various CPVs.&#13;
&#13;
The evolutionary Genetic Algorithms (GA) was used for feature selection, followed by unsupervised clustering to generate automatic labels for model training. Two different FCNN and CNN-LSTM architectures were used to train individual models based on different AE datasets. Later, Adaptive Transfer Learning (ATL) and Meta Ensemble Learning (MEL) techniques were applied to handle data variability and train predictive generalized model over varied AE datasets. The ATL fine-tunes a pre-trained models to leverage their knowledge, while MEL uses pre-trained models' predictions as meta features to train a meta model.&#13;
&#13;
Experimental results demonstrate that while both generalized ATL and MEL trained models perform well across different AE datasets, the MEL framework outperforms ATL method in terms of evaluation metrics. The Mean-Accuracy score reaches 0.9026, and 0.9900 for ATL, and MEL, respectively. The most accurate multi-class classification results was achieved using MEL method in terms of the Mean-Accuracy and Recall metrics. The proposed framework provides a scalable, adaptive approach for automated damage classification using AE signals across diverse CPVs in real-world settings.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">BAM Colloquium Abteilung 3</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.10.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Ali Ghaznavi</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acoustic Emission</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machine Learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sequential Neural Network</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep Learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep Neural Network</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>63897</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2025</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>ASME</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Discussion of creep phenomena during initial loading of type 4 composite pressure vessels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To maintain the highest safety standards for compressed gas storage in composite pressure vessels, a deeper understanding of their ageing mechanism is required. In this study, two designs of type 4 cylinders were manufactured the only difference being the internal pressure function used during the filament winding process. Hence, their residual stress state and the quality of the composite layers varied. Ten pressure vessels were initially loaded under sustained pressure and increased temperature and later subjected to slow burst tests. Comparing the results with cylinders tested in a pristine state underlines a significant improvement in the performance of initially loaded cylinders of one of the designs. This phenomenon was caused by a significant decrease of the scattering of burst pressures within a sample. At the same time, a slight decrease of the burst pressures could be observed. An explanation of this behavior could be supported by strain measurements with fiber optic sensors, which were embedded in the composite material. The strains measured during the initial loading indicate a stress redistribution, which has an impact on the strength of the pressure vessel. Moreover, an increased stiffness during the slow burst tests after initial loading was observed that indicates a better exploitation of the individual layers of the composite structure. The study supports previous observations on the increased performance after initial loading and provides new insights into the strain development in creep effects in type 4 pressure vessels.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the ASME 2025 Pressure Vessels &amp; Piping Conference PVP2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7918-8907-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Pressure Vessels &amp; Piping Conference PVP2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Montreal, Quebec, Canada</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.12.2025</enrichment>
    <author>Bartosz Popiela</author>
    <author>Stephan Günzel</author>
    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Type 4 pressure vessel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optic sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Slow burst test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanics of composites</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63917</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</publisherName>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Impact of N-heterocyclic amine modulators on the structure and thermal conversion of a zeolitic imidazole framework</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) is a crystalline porous material that has been widely employed as template to fabricate porous nitrogen-doped carbons with high microporosity via thermal treatment at high temperatures. The properties of the carbon scaffold are influenced by the pore structure and chemical composition of the parent ZIF. However, the narrow pore size distribution and microporous nature from ZIF-8 often results in low mesopore volume, which is crucial for applications such as energy storage and conversion. Here we show that insertion of N-heterocyclic amines can disrupt the structure of ZIF-8 and dramatically impact the chemical composition and pore structure of the nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks obtained after high-temperature pyrolysis. Melamine and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine were chosen to modify the ZIF-8 structure owing to their capability to both coordinate metal ions and establish supramolecular interactions. Employing a wide variety of physical characterization techniques we observed that melamine results in the formation of a mixed-phase material comprising ZIF-8, Zn(Ac)6(Mel)2 and crystallized melamine, while 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine induces the formation of defects, altering the pore structure. Furthermore, the absence of heterocyclic amine in the ZIF-8 synthesis leads to a new crystalline phase, unreported to date. The thermal conversion of the modified ZIFs at 1000 °C leads to nitrogen-doped carbons bearing Zn moieties with increased surface area, mesopore volume and varying degree of defects compared to ZIF-8 derived carbon. This work therefore highlights both the versatility of heterocyclic amines to modify the structure of framework materials as well as their role in tuning pore structure in nitrogen-doped carbons, paving the way to targeted design of high-performance electrodes for energy storage and conversion.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Chemistry A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2050-7488</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/D5TA04831A</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-639177</identifier>
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    <author>Javier Castells-Gil</author>
    <author>Jinjie Zhu</author>
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    <title language="eng">In situ structural evolution and activity descriptor of atomically dispersed catalysts during nitrate electroreduction</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Single‐Atom Catalysts (SAC) have emerged as a promising class of materials for various catalytic applications, including the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) and consequently ammonia production. While the efficiency and selectivity of these materials have been extensively highlighted for the eNO3RR, the in situ evolution to their structure and composition during electrocatalysis is largely unexplored and lacks catalyst design principles. To solve this, we investigated a series of high utilization metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (MNC) SACs (M = Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) for eNO3RR. Except for CuNC, which selectively produced nitrite, all catalysts exhibited Faradaic efficiencies (FE) for ammonia exceeding 50%. NiNC demonstrated the highest performance (FE of 78.0 ± 2.9% at −0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at pH 13 and maximum ammonia production rate of 615.7 ± 176.5 µmol·h−1·, corresponding to an energy efficiency of 15.1 ± 1.4% at −0.6 VRHE), followed by CoNC. In situ Synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence (SXRF) mapping at various cathodic potentials (from open circuit potential to 0.0 VRHE and then −0.6 VRHE at 100 mV steps) revealed significant mobility of Ni within the carbon matrix, leading to the formation of metallic clusters from 0.0 VRHE. Similar in situ metal clustering is observed for CoNC. Structure‐activity plots are generated from both MNC literature and results obtained here, finding a clear trend between OH binding energy and turnover frequency, with the high activity of NiNC and CoNC in this work explained by their stronger OH binding in the metallic structure compared to their SAC coordination. This work therefore, reveals the structure‐activity‐stability of MNCs for eNO3RR and provides a simple descriptor for identifying highly active eNO3RR catalysts and their in situ structural evolution.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2198-3844</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/advs.202510282</identifier>
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While the efficiency and selectivity of these materials have been extensively highlighted for the eNO&lt;jats:sub&gt;3&lt;\/jats:sub&gt;RR, the in situ evolution to their structure and composition during electrocatalysis is largely unexplored and lacks catalyst design principles. To solve this, we investigated a series of high utilization metal\u2010nitrogen\u2010carbon (MNC) SACs (M = Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) for eNO&lt;jats:sub&gt;3&lt;\/jats:sub&gt;RR. Except for CuNC, which selectively produced nitrite, all catalysts exhibited Faradaic efficiencies (FE) for ammonia exceeding 50%. NiNC demonstrated the highest performance (FE of 78.0 \u00b1 2.9% at \u22120.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at pH 13 and maximum ammonia production rate of 615.7 \u00b1 176.5 \u00b5mol\u00b7h&lt;jats:sup&gt;\u22121&lt;\/jats:sup&gt;\u00b7, corresponding to an energy efficiency of 15.1 \u00b1 1.4% at \u22120.6 V&lt;jats:sub&gt;RHE&lt;\/jats:sub&gt;), followed by CoNC. In situ Synchrotron X\u2010ray fluorescence (SXRF) mapping at various cathodic potentials (from open circuit potential to 0.0 V&lt;jats:sub&gt;RHE&lt;\/jats:sub&gt; and then \u22120.6 V&lt;jats:sub&gt;RHE&lt;\/jats:sub&gt; at 100\u00a0mV steps) revealed significant mobility of Ni within the carbon matrix, leading to the formation of metallic clusters from 0.0 V&lt;jats:sub&gt;RHE&lt;\/jats:sub&gt;. Similar in situ metal clustering is observed for CoNC. Structure\u2010activity plots are generated from both MNC literature and results obtained here, finding a clear trend between OH binding energy and turnover frequency, with the high activity of NiNC and CoNC in this work explained by their stronger OH binding in the metallic structure compared to their SAC coordination. This work therefore, reveals the structure\u2010activity\u2010stability of MNCs for eNO&lt;jats:sub&gt;3&lt;\/jats:sub&gt;RR and provides a simple descriptor for identifying highly active eNO&lt;jats:sub&gt;3&lt;\/jats:sub&gt;RR catalysts and their in situ structural evolution.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202510282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T04:31:53Z","timestamp":1755923513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Situ Structural Evolution and Activity Descriptor of Atomically Dispersed Catalysts During Nitrate Electroreduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Braga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas  Campinas SP 13083\u2010862 Brazil"}]},{"given":"Angus","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London  London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division 3.6 Electrochemical Energy Materials Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialpr\u00fcfung und \u2010forschung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 44\u201046 12203 Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Riyaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark  Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London  London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bagger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark  Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark"}]},{"given":"Itamar T.","family":"Neckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials  Campinas SP 13083\u2010100 Brazil"}]},{"given":"Thiago M.","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas  Campinas SP 13083\u2010862 Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Innovation on New Energies University of Campinas  Campinas SP 13083\u2010084 Brazil"}]},{"given":"Manuel E. 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    <author>Daniel S. Braga</author>
    <author>Angus Pedersen</author>
    <author>Mohd Riyaz</author>
    <author>Jesús Barrio</author>
    <author>Alexander Bagger</author>
    <author>Itamar T. Neckel</author>
    <author>Thiago M. Mariano</author>
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      <value>Single atom</value>
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      <value>Nitrate reduction</value>
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      <value>Structure-activity-selectivity</value>
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      <value>In situ</value>
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    <title language="eng">Distributed  Fibre  Optic  Monitoring of  Hydrogen  Storage  Composite  Pressure  Vessels for  Automotive  Use</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present our research work on the condition monitoring of hydrogen storage composite pressure vessels using distributed fibre optic sensors. The sensing fibres are integrated into the composite structure by wrapping them over the polymer liner in the helical and circumferential direction during the manufacturing process of the carbon fibre reinforced polymer. The following use of optical backscatter reflectometry allows for continuous condition monitoring and precise detection and localization of structural damages during the entire service life. To account for the time-dependent strength degradation of the composite pressure vessels, both slow burst and ambient hydraulic cycling tests, respectively, were conducted on five 70 MPa pressure vessels with integrated fibre optic sensors. The results achieved via distributed fibre optic strain sensing demonstrate a near linear strain response to pressure suitable for sensitive condition monitoring and confirm the required robustness of the selected sensor solution.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.58286/32344</identifier>
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    <author>Aleksander Wosniok</author>
    <author>Marcus Schukar</author>
    <author>Mathias Breithaupt</author>
    <author>Andreas Kriegsmann</author>
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      <value>Distributed fibre optic sensor (DFOS)</value>
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      <value>Composite pressure vessel</value>
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      <value>Optical backscatter reflectometry</value>
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      <value>Slow burst test</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Ambient hydraulic cycling test</value>
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    <title language="eng">On the porosity-dependent permeability and conductivity of triply periodic minimal surface based porous media</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With the fast development in the field of additive manufacturing, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based porous media have recently found many uses in mechanical property tuning. However, there is still a lack of understanding in their porosity-dependent permeability and electrical as well as thermal conductivity. Here, we perform finite volume simulations on the solid and void domains of the Schoen gyroid (SG), Schwarz primitive (SP) and Schwarz primitive beam (SPB) TPMS with porosities between 63% and 88% in Ansys Fluent. A simple cubic lattice (CL) of equivalent porosity served as reference. The SPB and CL showed up to one order of magnitude higher permeabilities than the SG and SP. However, SG and SP have about 1.3 and 2.6 times the electrical and thermal conductivity of SPB and CL, respectively. Furthermore, the properties of SPB and CL are largely affected by the surface area density, whereas tortuosity variation does not impact permeability and conductivity to a major extent. Finally, empirical relations are adapted to describe the presented data and thus, they may enable future designers of TPMS based porous structures to fine-tune the geometries according to the requirements on permeability and electrical as well as thermal conductivity.</abstract>
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    <abstract language="deu">Was ist QI?&#13;
Qualitätsinfrastruktur – Das Zusammenwirken von nationalen Institutionen im Bereich der Metrologie, Normung und Standardisierung, Akkreditierung, Konformitätsbewertung und Marktüberwachung, mit dem Ziel die Qualitätssicherung bei Produkten und Prozessen in Deutschland zu gewährleisten.&#13;
Unser Ziel ist es, unsere bewährte Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI) noch besser zu machen und so einen Beitrag zur Lösung von sozioökonomischen, ökologischen und technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit zu leisten. Eine der bedeutendsten technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit ist die Digitalisierung. Die zentralen Akteure der deutschen QI wollen diese digitalisieren. Beteiligte Institutionen sind aktuell BAM (Konformitätsbewertungen in bestimmten Bereichen), DAKKS (Akkreditierung),  DIN/DKE (Normung), PTB (Metrologie). Wir wollen also ein Reallabor errichten, das die Wertschöpfungskette einer Tankstelle abbildet, also eine Wasserstofftankstelle beinhaltet, die dann mit erweiterter Sensorik ausgestattet werden soll. Somit sollen digitale Prozesse abgebildet werden können sowie sensorgestützte Verfahren zur qualitätsgesicherten Datenerfassung und -auswertung genutzt werden. Diese gesammelten Daten sollen dann in eine Dateninfrastruktur eingehen und mithilfe eines Datenmanagementsystems sowie künstlicher Intelligenz in einem Digitalen Zwilling zusammenlaufen, der die digitale Prozessüberwachung der Sicherheit möglich macht. Schließlich sollen die in QI Digital entwickelten digitalen Strukturelemente der QI erprobt werden, insbesondere die QI Cloud, Smart Standards und digitalen Zertifikate. Im Zusammenspiel ermöglicht das unter anderem die Entwicklung von Predictive Maintenance Verfahren für:&#13;
1. die Optimierung von Wartungszyklen und Minimierung von Ausfallzeiten&#13;
Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit durch frühzeitige Identifikation kritischer Zustände im Gesamtsystem&#13;
2. Entwicklung verlässlicher Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsstandards &#13;
3. Digital-gestützte Risikobeurteilung und Konformitätsbewertung&#13;
Die im Pilotprojekte betrachteten Sicherheitsaspekte sind also zusammenfassbar als:&#13;
a) Auswirkungsbetrachtungen bei möglichen Fehlfunktionen oder Defekten&#13;
b) Die genannte vorrauschauende Instandhaltung und damit verbundene Lebensdauerprognose, die in Kombination eine bessere allgemeine Verfügbarkeit garantieren sollen&#13;
Als Grundlage hierfür benötigen wir aber Änderungen im Bereich der technischen Regeln und Normen, um die neuen digitalen Werkzeuge zuzulassen und nutzbar zu machen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">QI Forum 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.10.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Robert Bock</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Qualitätsinfrastruktur</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
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    <id>59303</id>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">QI Digital Use Case Hydrogen Refueling Station</title>
    <abstract language="eng">BAM is part of the “Quality Infrastructure Digital” (QI Digital) initiative of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). This initiative aims at coordinating a large cooperation project, “QI Digital” for making German and European quality management systems fit for the digital transformation. It is a fact that the digitization of new products and services is occurring much faster than quality management systems can be accordingly updated. Thus, the digital transformation of quality management is necessary to preserve the competitiveness of the German and European industries that stand for quality and safety in the global market. The Use Case “Reliable Hydrogen Refueling Station” of QI Digital aims at creating new solutions that are transferable to other technical systems and at further developing standards and technical rules as a contribution to technology transfer and innovation.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th German-Korean Hydrogen Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seoul, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">31.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">01.11.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Teresa Orellana Pérez</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen refueling station</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital quality infrastructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61354</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <title language="deu">Pilotprojekt "Verlässliche Wasserstofftechnologie" - Beispielanwendung für eine technische Anlage</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Kurzvorstellung des Pilotprojektes Verlässliche Wasserstofftechnologie in QI Digital. Anwendung der QI Digital Werkzeuge an einer technischen Anlage beispielhaft gezeigt anhand von sechs im Projekt entwickelten Demonstratoren.&#13;
&#13;
Unser erklärtes Ziel ist die Unterstützung des Markthochlaufs von Wasserstofftechnologien durch Digitalisierung der QI. Bei der Qualitätsinfrastruktur von technischen Anlagen geht es vor allem die Themen QI Dokumentation und Zugänglichkeit, Verfügbarkeit der Anlage und Informationen darüber, sowie Inspektionszyklen mit zeitaufwändigen und teuren manuellen Prüfungen. Mit dem Übergang zu einer digitalen QI streben wir hier an, eine kontinuierliche Überwachung des momentanen Gesundheitszustandes der Anlage und automatisierter Dokumentation hierüber, die fälschungssicher und vertraulich zugänglich gemacht werden kann, zu erreichen. Hierzu sollen die im Gesamtprojekt entwickelten QI Digital Werkzeuge zum Einsatz kommen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">QI Forum 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Robert Bock</author>
    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Qualitätsinfrastruktur</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54361</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <title language="eng">Project QI-Digital - Quo vadis Use Case H2 Refueling Station?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">As a part of the QI-Digital cooperation project, BAM is setting up a hydrogen refuelling station research platform at the Test site for Technical Safety in Horstwalde. Based on this platform, BAM intends to develop, to test and to optimize new measurement techniques as well as data acquisition and processing methods for hydrogen refuelling stations and their periphery in close cooperation with partners from the quality infrastructure and industry. The presentation will introduce the hydrogen refuelling station use case and provide insights into the issues and research goals of the associated subprojects.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">H2-Colloquium of the Competence Centre „H2SAFETY@BAM”</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.02.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.02.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Torsten Kehr</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>QI-Digital</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>58559</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Aspekte einer digitalen Lebenslaufakte (Impulsvortrag)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Durch Einsatz neuer Technologien im Transport von komprimiertem Wasserstoff konnte eine Verdreifachung des Nutzlastverhältnisses erreicht werden. Diese neuen Speicher auf den Transportfahrzeugen müssten aber anders auf ihre Sicherheit überprüft werden, als dies heute gefordert wird. &#13;
Mit dem Markthochlauf Wasserstoff vervielfacht sich zudem die Anzahl der Transporteinheiten. Da sich im Zuge der neuen H2-Transportfahrzeuge aber auch die Anzahl der einzelnen Speicher pro Fahrzeug etwa verzwanzigfacht hat, kommen die Kapazitäten für die erforderliche wiederkehrende Prüfung an ihre Grenzen.&#13;
Dies könnte evtl. durch eine entsprechende Erhöhung der Prüfkapazitäten gelöst werden. Da dies aber weder praktisch machbar ist noch technisch wirklich sinnvoll, müssen alternative Ansätze z.B. durch digital erfasste zerstörungsfreie Prüfkonzepte gesucht werden. Hierzu bedarf es aber einer Lebenslaufakte, die beginnend von der Definition einer Bauweise über die Baumusterprüfung, Zulassung, Herstellung, erstmalige Prüfung, Verwendung und wiederkehrenden oder begleitenden Prüfungen bis zum Verschrotten alle Daten erfassen und verwalten kann. &#13;
Eine solche Lebenslaufakte könnte auch als eine Art digitaler Produktpass (DPP) verstanden werden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">QI-digital Forum 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.10.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffspeicher</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lebenslaufakte</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitaler Produktpass DPP</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wiederkehrende Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lebensdauerüberwachung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <edition/>
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    <volume>92</volume>
    <type>article</type>
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    <title language="eng">Study the impact of spacer at thermal degradation process of MLI-based insulation in fire condition</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To reduce CO2 emissions, energy carriers such as hydrogen are considered to be a solution. Consumption of hydrogen as a fuel meets several limitations such as its low volumetric energy density in gas phase. To tackle this problem, storage as well as transportation in liquified phase is recommended. To be able to handle this component in liquid phase, an efficient thermal insulation e.g., MLI insulation is required. Different studies have been addressed the vulnerability of such insulation against high thermal loads e.g., in an accident engaging fire. Some of research works have highlighted the importance of considering the MLI thermal degradation focusing on its reflective layer. However, limited number of studies addressed the thermal degradation of spacer material and its effect on the overall heat flux.&#13;
In this study, through systematic experimental measurements, the effect of thermal loads on glass fleece, glass paper as well as polyester spacers are investigated. The results are reported in various temperature and heat flux profiles. Interpreting the temperature profiles revealed that, as the number of spacers in the medium increases, the peak temperature detectable by the temperature sensor on the measurement plate decreases. Each individual spacer contributes to mitigating the radiative energy received by the measurement plate. Stacks of 20–50 spacers (this is the number of layers in commercial MLI systems applied for liquid hydrogen applications) can potentially reduce the thermal radiation by 1–2 orders of magnitude.&#13;
An empirical correlation to predict a heat flux attenuation factor is proposed, which is useful for further numerical and analytical studies in the temperature range from ambient to 300 ◦C.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105461</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614919</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0950-4230</identifier>
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    <author>Aliasghar Hajhariri</author>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Luca Pakj Perrone</author>
    <author>Valerio Cozzani</author>
    <author>Frank Otremba</author>
    <author>Holger Seidlitz</author>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cryogenic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-Layer Insultation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat Transfer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Storage Safety</value>
    </subject>
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    <title language="eng">Risk management and consequence control in hydrogen transport - volume dependent pressure limitation as a scientific approach for consequence control</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With technological development, the transport units for compressed gases are becoming larger and their number is increasing. Simultaneously, the filling pressure for hydrogen in transport has increased far beyond the 200 bar, which has been the common European standard for decades. In total, this increases the potential consequences of an incident, which needs to get limited for ensuring acceptance in current practice with pressure vessels from large serial production. &#13;
Consequently, the measures for new developments of extremely large and highly pressurised pressure vessels should meet a risk based higher level of requirements. For this purpose, the so-called pressure-volume product was proposed as a safety related criteria to the relevant regulatory bodies in 2020. The approach was accepted, and a working group was set up at the United Nations for developing a broadly accepted limitation of today's established pressure vessels compared to future units with even more gas content. The path to the finally decided limit value of 1.5 million bar litres is presented here for hydrogen with its individual steps: ‘Boundary between major accident and disaster’, ‘The effect of pressure waves on the human body’, ‘The propagation of pressure waves’, ‘The reference value for population density’ and ‘Impact of pressure waves’. This result of the UN working group has been accepted in December 2023 and will lead to a binding limitation of the pressure volume product for the so called pressure receptacles by 2027. The work on units larger than this pV-limit is going on at ISO level.</abstract>
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    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen transport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Major accident</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure wave</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Population density</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Science with impact</value>
    </subject>
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    <title language="eng">Safety assessment of MLI super-insulation systems for cryogenic liquid-hydrogen tanks in fire scenarios</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the context of green energy transition, cryogenic tanks featuring MLI systems are emerging as a leading solution to store hydrogen in heavy-duty vehicles. However, the integrity of such tanks can be jeopardized by fire. In such a scenario, MLI materials degradation can occur, leaving the tank unprotected from the fire heat flux, with consequent rapid pressurization and a high risk of failure. This study presents an assessment of aluminum-based MLI for liquid hydrogen cryogenic tanks under fire exposure based on the estimation of the time to mechanical failure of the equipment. This is calculated through an innovative model that simulates the thermomechanical response of the tank, including the MLI thermal degradation and the pressure-relief valve (PRV) operation. The application to several case studies that consider a typical LH2 tank featuring a wide range of MLI configurations demonstrated the likelihood of failure in case of exposure to a hydrocarbon pool fire, providing also comprehensive insights into the impact of the insulation characteristics and operating conditions on the time to failure.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">18th EFCE International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries</enrichment>
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    <author>Davide Camplese</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tanks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LNG</value>
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    <volume>111</volume>
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    <publisherName>AIDIC The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Modelling Fire Response of Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Tanks Equipped with Multilayer Insulation (MLI) Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the context of the growing global interest in hydrogen-based green energy, cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) are emerging as a leading solution for storing hydrogen in vehicles. The integrity of these systems might be threatened during fire exposure. This can trigger the degradation of the MLI materials and induce rapid pressurization of the tank with a high risk of catastrophic failure. In this work, a novel lumped model to simulate the thermal response of MLI-equipped cryogenic liquid hydrogen tanks is presented. The model integrates the accurate database “Coolprop” for hydrogen thermodynamic properties and sub-models for detailed simulation of MLI degradation, providing a realistic simulation of the experimental data obtained under normal operating conditions. The application of the model to several case studies considering different numbers of MLI layers and tank geometries demonstrates that aluminum-based MLI offers scarce protection in case of exposure to a hydrocarbon poolfire.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemical Engineering Transactions</parentTitle>
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    <identifier type="doi">10.3303/CET24111076</identifier>
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    <author>Davide Camplese</author>
    <author>Giordano Emrys Scarponi</author>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Aliasghar Hajhariri</author>
    <author>Frank Otremba</author>
    <author>Valerio Cozzani</author>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MLI</value>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
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    <title language="eng">Modelling Fire Response of Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Tanks Equipped with Multilayer Insulation (MLI) Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the context of the growing global interest in hydrogen-based green energy, cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) are emerging as a leading solution for storing hydrogen in vehicles. The integrity of these systems might be threatened during fire exposure. This can trigger the degradation of the MLI materials and induce rapid pressurization of the tank with a high risk of catastrophic failure. In this work, a novel lumped model to simulate the thermal response of MLI-equipped cryogenic liquid hydrogen tanks is presented. The model integrates the accurate database “Coolprop” for hydrogen thermodynamic properties and sub-models for detailed simulation of MLI degradation, providing a realistic simulation of the experimental data obtained under normal operating conditions. The application of the model to several case studies considering different numbers of MLI layers and tank geometries demonstrates that aluminum-based MLI offers scarce protection in case of exposure to a hydrocarbon poolfire.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">CISAP 11</enrichment>
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    <author>Davide Camplese</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquefied hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LNG</value>
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    <subject>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>MLI</value>
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    <title language="eng">Characterisation of vacuum insulation panel based cryogenic insulation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Current medium to large scale hydrogen storage tanks utilize a double walled tank with vacuum and a low thermal conductivity powder as bulk fill between the two tank walls. This approach offers poor failure resistance and is not economic to build at a large scale. In NICOLHy an alternative cryogenic insulation concept using vacuum insulation panels (VIP) targeted for tanks with capacities from 40 000 m³ to 100 000 m³ is in research.&#13;
VIPs consist of a gas tight envelope that surrounds a low conductivity core material. Within the envelope, a vacuum is created, which supresses convective heat transfer. Since the core material is typically very low thermal conductivity, while the envelope material has a relatively high thermal conductivity, thermal bridges where two adjoining panels meet cannot be avoided.&#13;
Modeling of the thermal behaviour of VIPs exists for the building industry, but not for cryogenic temperatures or applications with multiple layers of VIPs, both of which present a new challenge. Here, these challenges and goals for the thermal modeling within the project are presented, alongside an overview over the project itself.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Themenvorstellung beim BTU Arbeitsgebiet Technische Akustik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Cottbus, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Finn Harwege</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquefied Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Gefährliche Stoffe</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63716</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>769</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>774</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>116</issue>
    <volume>2025</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIDIC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Milano, Italy</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Testing of vacuum insulation panels for liquefied hydrogen storage tanks</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the future use of liquefied hydrogen (LH2) as a green energy carrier, new concepts for storage tanks and in particular their insulation are necessary. The methodology applied in current LH2 tanks has some disadvantages while manufacturing and operation of large tanks that may be required in the future. While liquefied natural gas tanks exist in the necessary capacities, they are incompatible with LH2 due to its significantly lower storage temperature. In this paper, the possibility of using vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) as an alternative to the conventional double walled, powder filled vacuum insulation is presented. The two systems are introduced and compared on a conceptual level with a focus on the loss of vacuum failure mode. Furthermore, a test rig that enables the testing and quantification of thermal properties of VIP based insulations in ordinary and loss of vacuum conditions is presented. The test rig is a boil-off calorimeter using liquefied nitrogen and features a square cold surface with a side length of 3 m. An overview over the planned testing and its goals is given.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemical Engineering Transactions</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2283-9216</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3303/CET2511612</identifier>
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    <author>Finn Harwege</author>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquefied Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vacuum Insulation Panel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cryogenics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="604">Spezielle Themen</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Gefährliche Stoffe</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62334</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>29</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>32</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>2024</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Verkehrs-Verlag J. Fischer GmbH &amp; Co. KG</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Irrungen, Wirrungen und Lichtblicke - Überarbeitung des Gefahrguttransportrechts für Lithium- und Natrium-Ionen-Batterien</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Überarbeitung des Gefahrgutrechts hinsichtlich der Einstufung von Lithium- und Natrium - Ionen Batterien nach Gefährlichkeit trägt so einige Stilblüten - wie zuletzt den Vorschlag von 135 neuen UN Nummern für Lithiumbatterien. Die BAM trägt mit ihrer Kompetenz aus eigenen Untersuchungen und Forschung dazu bei, dass die deutsche Delegation bei den Vereinten Nationen, wo die Regelwerke weiterentwickelt werden, gezielte Vorschläge einbringen kann. Der Artikel beschreibt die aktuellen Entwicklungen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Gefahrgut Profi</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithiumbatterien</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gefahrguttransport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Regelwerksentwicklung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Gefährliche Stoffe</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64309</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>8</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>17</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>05-06</issue>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>VDI Fachmedien GmbH &amp; Co. KG</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Die volumenabhängige Druckbegrenzung als Maßnahme zur Konsequenzsteuerung im Wasserstofftransport</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Mit der technologischen Entwicklung werden auch die Transporteinheiten für Druckgase größer und die zu transportierenden Gase wie Wasserstoff deutlich über die lange als Standard geltenden 200 bar hinaus komprimiert. Damit steigt das Konsequenzpotenzial eines Zwischenfalls, das nun begrenzt werden soll, um die bisherige Praxis mit wenigen Zwischenfällen von den Maßnahmen für die neuen Entwicklungen extrem großer Transportdruckbehälter abgrenzen zu können.&#13;
Hierzu wurde – ausgehend von einer technologisch und sicherheitstechnisch störenden Begrenzung des Volumens von Bergungsdruckgefäßen – das sogenannte Druck-Volumen-Produkt als Kenngröße und Konsequenzmaß vorgeschlagen. Um eine breit akzeptierte Abgrenzung der heute etablierten Druckgefäße gegenüber den zukünftigen Einheiten mit noch mehr Gasinhalt erarbeiten zu können, wurde eine Arbeitsgruppe bei den Vereinten Nationen eingerichtet, deren Weg zu ihrem Ergebnis „Einführung einer Obergrenze von 1.5 Mio. bar-Liter für das Druck-Volumen-Produkt von Druckgefäßen“ mit den Wasserstoff-&#13;
spezifischen Einzelschritten „Grenze zwischen Großunfall und Katastrophe“, „Die Wirkung von Druckwellen auf den menschlichen Körper“, „Die Ausbreitung von Druckwellen“, „Der&#13;
Referenzwert für die Bevölkerungsdichte“ und „Die Druckwellenberechnung“ hier dargestellt ist. Dieses Ergebnis der UN-Arbeitsgruppe wird bis 2027 zu einer verbindlichen Begrenzung&#13;
des Druckvolumenproduktes in Druckgefäßen führen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Technische Sicherheit</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2191-0073</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <author>Stephan Günzel</author>
    <author>Herbert Saul</author>
    <author>Robert Bock</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risikosteuerung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Druck-Volumen-Produkt</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Katastrophe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bevölkerungsdichte</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Druckwelle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64668</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>65</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>67</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Comparative life cycle assessment of different vacuum insulation panel core materials for cryogenic storage tanks – with a focus on glass bubbles as a novel core material</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Developing a sustainable hydrogen supply chain is important in facilitating the energy transition towards climate neutrality. Hydrogen in its free form can be stored and transported either as a gas or a liquid. Due to gaseous hydrogen's comparatively low energy density, liquefied hydrogen (LH 2) is often preferred, especially with regard to long-distance transportation and storage in bulk. A notable challenge associated with LH2 is the inherent requirement to preserve it at a low temperature of -253°C. Consequently, the utilisation of thermally insulated tanks is necessary to minimise LH 2 evaporation. There is a lack of literature on the environmental impacts of insulation materials and concepts for cryogenic storage tank applications in the hydrogen supply chain. Hence, this study investigates a novel concept, namely vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), focusing on their core materials, with a view to assessing their environmental sustainability and circularity. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) model is employed to investigate six distinct VIP core materials, namely, silica aerogel, rigid polyurethane foam, expanded perlite, glass fibre, fumed silica, and glass bubbles (hollow glass microspheres), with a special focus on the latter. The LCA results show that polyurethane foam and silica aerogel rank low in environmental performance, making them less suitable as primary choice. Expanded perlite is the most environmentally friendly material option, followed by glass fibre, glass bubbles, and fumed silica. Improvements to the environmental impact of glass bubbles can be achieved via the implementation of closed-loop recycling in their life cycle.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of The World Hydrogen Technologies Convention 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.whtc2025.com/conference-proceedings</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">The World Hydrogen Technologies Convention 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Dublin, Ireland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">23.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Hannah Sauer</author>
    <author>Bright Ebikemefa Okpeke</author>
    <author>Agnieszka Sylwia Dzielendziak</author>
    <author>Lars Batcke</author>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Sören Ehlers</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Life cycle assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63813</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>679</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>684</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>116</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIDIC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Comprehensive Numerical Study of the Behaviour of an LH2 Storage Tank in the Event of a Fire</title>
    <abstract language="eng">As the world moves towards green energy production, effective storage and transportation solutions become essential. To support this transition, energy carriers with minimal or zero environmental impact are required. Liquified hydrogen represents a promising candidate due to its emissions-neutral properties. However, its highly flammable nature necessitates adherence to strict safety codes and standards. Storing hydrogen often requires advanced super-insulation materials. To enhance the safety of cryogenic hydrogen storage tanks under extreme conditions, such as those encountered during fire accidents, it is crucial to understand the thermal behaviour of the tank. Predicting pressurization and potential failure in advance demands a robust and comprehensive model. However, still such models suffer lack of detailed heat transfer models which account for various sub-processes during an accident scenario. Hence, this study introduces a comprehensive model for the pressurization of cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) systemsin the event of fire, which comprises several sub-models. These sub-models account for heat transfer phenomena through the thermal insulation at nominal conditions and its thermal degradation during fire exposure, the fluid, the internal pressurization, and the performance of the pressure relief valve. This study provides valuable insights into the safety and the behaviour of hydrogen storage tanks under thermal loads.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">18th EFCE International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3303/CET25116114</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">false</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Aliasghar Hajhariri</author>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Davide Camplese</author>
    <author>Giordano Emrys Scarponi</author>
    <author>Frank Otremba</author>
    <author>Valerio Cozzani</author>
    <author>Holger Seidlitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat transfer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-Layer Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cryogenic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55178</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Systeme mit tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen in Brandereignissen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die volumetrische Energiedichte eines Gases kann durch Verflüssigung erhöht wer-den. Diese findet statt, wenn das Gas unter den Siedepunkt abgekühlt wird. Verflüs-sigte Gase mit großer Bedeutung für die Energiewende sind verflüssigter Wasser-stoff (LH2) und verflüssigtes Erdgas (LNG), dessen Verflüssigung Temperaturen von unter -160 °C bedarf. Systeme zur Speicherung dieser verflüssigten Gase müssen in der Regel für Überdrücke ausgelegt sein und benötigen thermische Superisolierun-gen (TSI), um die tiefkalten Bedingungen über längere Zeit halten zu können und Verluste durch Boil-Off gering zu halten. TSI mit Vakuum und MLI oder Perlit sind für viele Anwendungen mit LNG und LH2 geeignet. Bei solchen Systemen handelt es sich in der Regel um doppelwandige Strukturen, bei denen die Innenwand mit dem tiefkalten Fluid in Kontakt steht. Die Lücke, zwischen der Innen- und der Außen-wand befindet sich unter Vakuumbedingungen und enthält zudem MLI oder Perlite. Diese Kombination von Isolationsmethoden ermöglicht es auf kleinstem Raum sehr gute thermische Isolationswirkung zu erreichen. Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht sind die Systeme gut durchdacht. Das Wissen über das Verhalten dieser Systeme bei einem typischen Ereignis wie einem Brand ist jedoch begrenzt. Dieses Wissen ist aber not-wendig, um die Sicherheit der wachsenden Zahl von Anwendungen auf dem Markt bewerten zu können.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">H2-Kolloquium des Kompetenzzentrum „H2Safety@BAM”</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">04.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tiefkalt</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Verflüssigt</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Isolation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Auslegungsüberschreitend</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61778</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>603</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>620</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>193</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Non-combustible MLI based insulation behavior under fire condition - Experimental and numerical investigation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The number of applications that demand zero-emission energy carriers, such as liquified hydrogen (LH2), is increasing worldwide. LH2 is typically transported or stored under cryogenic conditions. Storage in such conditions requires super thermal insulations which maintain very low boil-off for a prolonged time. Multi-Layer insulation (MLI) finds widespread use in cryogenic applications, designed to effectively restrict heat inleak towards cryogenic fluids. However, recent studies evidenced that exposure to high heat fluxes, such as in the event of a fire accident, can cause the thermal degradation of the insulation material, resulting in the severe collapse of its heat resistance performance. Therefore, the risk of rapid tank pressurization and its connection to the risk of BLEVE may be possible. This study proposes a numerical model to assess the performances of aluminum-based MLI materials under fire conditions. The model offers insights into the total heat transfer rate through the insulation, serving as a</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Process Safety and Environmental Protection</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.037</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-617780</identifier>
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Eng."},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Handbook of cryogenic engineering","author":"Weisend","key":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.037_bib81"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.037_bib82","first-page":"547","article-title":"Medium-scale tests to investigate the possibility and effects of BLEVEs of storage vessels containing liquified hydrogen","volume":"90","author":"van Wingerden","year":"2022","journal-title":"17th Eur. Fed. Chem. Eng. (EFCE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.037_bib83","first-page":"2338","article-title":"Hydrogen fuel tank fire exposure burst test","volume":"114","author":"Zalosh","year":"2005","journal-title":"SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars Mech. Syst."},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Fibrous-Glass Board, for Thermal Conductivity from 280 K to 340 K, Special Publication (NIST SP)","author":"Zarr","key":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.037_bib84"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.037_bib85","article-title":"Study the impact of spacer at thermal degradation process of MLI-based insulation in fire condition, J. Loss Preve","volume":"92","author":"Hajhariri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proce. Ind."}],"container-title":["Process Safety and Environmental Protection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957582024014502?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957582024014502?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T22:03:33Z","timestamp":1732399413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957582024014502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0957582024014502"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-5820"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-5820"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Non-combustible MLI based insulation behavior under fire condition - Experimental and numerical investigation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). 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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Aliasghar Hajhariri</author>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Davide Camplese</author>
    <author>Giordano Emrys Scarponi</author>
    <author>Valerio Cozzani</author>
    <author>Frank Otremba</author>
    <author>Holger Seidlitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-Layer Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cryogenic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CFD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61778/Hajhariri_et_al_2024_NonCombustible MLI behavior under fire condition.pdf</file>
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    <title language="eng">A modular concept for protection against debris flight - Design, properties and usage</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With advances in technological development, stationary and mobile storage units for compressed hydrogen are becoming larger and larger. Their number is also increasing. At the same time, their design has evolved from steel and aluminium to pressure vessels made of composite materials. For safety reasons the design approval of those composite cylinders requires fire engulfment tests, which are mainly organised as open-air tests always needs dedicated protection measures. Under some conditions those protections measures even reduce the effort for organisational safety measures if e.g. the emission of splinters can get totally prevented. Another aspect is the improved reproducibility of fire tests by reducing the influence of wind, especially wind turbulence. Between 2017 and 2019, BAM developed a stackable protective frame made of steel to safely capture splinters for the safe execution of high-energy impact tests. However, this frame was not flexible enough for the follow up project, which led to a completely new protection concept for (potentially) destructive tests on gas-filled pressure vessels. This concept is based on very robust building blocks with knobs and holes of a dimension of 1m x 0.5m x 0.5m made from welded steel. Despite their considerable weight of around 500 kg, they can be combined and stacked very easily like ‘Lego bricks’. The presentation will show the flexibility of the concept, some results of tests on the robustness against pressure waves and the effectiveness in wind attenuation. Finally, the interaction with a new, also modular burner concept for localised fires and full engulfment fires will be presented.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety ICHS 2025</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <author>Aliasghar Hajhariri</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Splinter protection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure vessel testing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire engulfment</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Destructive tests</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rupture</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gaseous tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure wave</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Test equipment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Precaution measures</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  <doc>
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    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
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    <title language="eng">Safety challenges of the hydrogen market ramp-up</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The presentation will provide some thoughts on the key safety challenges for staying safe during the market ramp-up phase of the rapidly expanding hydrogen economy. The focus is on storage aspects, but other topics are also covered. Each brief description of an aspect is followed by a proposal for solving the problem. Key words are safety aspects of hydrogen transport (CGH2 and LH2), risk control, consequence limitation, structural reliability control, safety monitoring through destructive and non-destructive testing, improvement of RCS through impact simulation, new approaches to safety assessment, outlook on the potential of NDT and digital product passports.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">6th Germany–Korea Hydrogen Conference 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seoul, South Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.12.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
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    <author>Georg W. Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risk-control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Regulatory measures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Operational safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mass transport</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Full scale tests</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62564</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <title language="eng">NICOLHy - 2nd Stakeholder Advisory Board meeting</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The NICOLHy project aims to develop a novel insulation concept based on Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP) that enables the safe, cost- and energy efficient storage of large quantities of LH2. Such large scale LH2 storage technology is necessary for establishing a hydrogen economy with dimensions between 40.000 m³ and more than 200.000 m³ of LH2. However, new design concepts are needed because the currently available technologies used in small and medium storages today are not suitable for up-scaling. The main problems prohibiting the up-scaling are the long production time due to the process chain, the low failure tolerance and the spherical shape, which reduces the payload in technical applications by up to 50% compared to other shapes. The novel concept will change these conditions by a system which is modular, open-form, time-and cost efficient while production, operation and service, multi-failure tolerant and applicable for onshore and offshore applications. The presentations shows details to the concept and presents several safety concerns the project has to deal with.&#13;
This document contains all presentations from NICOLHys second Stakeholder Meeting.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NICOLHy 2nd Stakeholder Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Athens, Greece</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.01.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.01.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Alessandro Tugnoli</author>
    <author>Bright Okpeke</author>
    <author>Alessandro Campoari</author>
    <author>Anna Zervaki</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquefied hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tanks</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Gefährliche Stoffe</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57973</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>ASME</publisherName>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Insulation Materials Used in Tanks for the Storage of Cryogenic Fluids in Fire Scenarios</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The importance of tanks for storing cryogenic fluids in the energy industry is increasing because of ongoing political conflicts and the implementation of more environmentally friendly energy sources. Key representatives for the application of cryogenic tanks are natural gas in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and hydrogen, e. g. in the form of Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2), for which significantly higher transport capacities can be achieved with the same transport volume using cryogenic storages than with storages based solely on overpressure. &#13;
What applies to all cryogenic transported fluids in common is their condition that must be maintained. Hence heat flows into the preserved fluid must be minimized.  Thermal super Insulations (TSI) based on e. g. multilayer insulations (MLI), perlites, and vacuum are utilized for this purpose and have already proven themselves in similar applications. However, for the use of tanks for cryogenic fluids in the transport sector, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the course and consequences of incidents, which is due to the still short period of use and the few documented incidents, hence few investigations carried out in this field. Typical scenarios in the transport sector represent car accidents with collisions, fires, and their combination, which are associated with extraordinary loads on the tank. &#13;
The focus of this study is to investigate the behavior of TSI as a result of their thermal exposure to a heat source representing a fire. It is worth mentioning that this could lead to an increase of the heat flux into a tank by several orders of magnitude, and to permanent damage of the TSI, ultimately rapid release of flammable gas as well as a Boiling Liquide Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). For this purpose, a high temperature thermal vacuum chamber (HTTVC) has been developed that allows thermal loading of MLI or perlites in a vacuum and simultaneous measurement of heat flow through this TSI. The HTTVC is designed to represent realistic insulation conditions and to withstand thermal loads from typical design fires.&#13;
The HTTVC was applied to investigate TSI based on MLI and vacuum. It is shown that the thermal stress caused permanent damage to the TSI, with shrinkage, phase change, pyrolysis, and condensation being significant damage mechanisms. The results are relevant for the evaluation of accident scenarios and can thus contribute to the improvement of TSI and the development of emergency measures for the protection of persons and infrastructures.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings ASME PVP2023</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels &amp; Piping Conference (PVP2023)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Atlanta, Georgia, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.07.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.07.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.06.2024</enrichment>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Aliasghar Hajhariri</author>
    <author>D. Camplese</author>
    <author>G. E. Scarponi</author>
    <author>V. Cozzani</author>
    <author>Frank Otremba</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LNG</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MLI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61751</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>ASME</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Lh2 Tanks In Fire Incidents - The Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber Enables In-Depth Insights</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) establish themselves as important energy carriers in the transport sector. Their storage requires tanks with thermal super-insulations to keep them at cryogenic conditions for a long time. These insulation systems have proven itself in various applications over a long time. However, these insulations are still new in land transportation, where accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination are to be expected. This study summarizes the results of the ongoing research program in which insulations commonly used in industry were analysed through experimental and numerical studies under fire-like conditions. It was found that there are strong differences among the various insulation systems. Several safety concerns and research gaps exists for layered insulations, which are typically used in land transport. To further analyse these insulation systems, a new test concept called Cryogenic High Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (CHTTVC) was developed and manufactured. This concept enables the testing of large insulation samples under industrial conditions and the consideration of cryogenic conditions relevant for the investigation of various phenomena. The results are important for the evaluation of accident scenarios, the improvement of thermal super-insulations, and the development of emergency measures.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings ASME IMECE 2024</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7918-8869-8</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IMECE 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Oregon, Portland, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.07.2025</enrichment>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Giordano Emrys Scarponi</author>
    <author>Valerio Cozzani</author>
    <author>Frank Otremba</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LNG</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="604">Spezielle Themen</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57584</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2023</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering</creatingCorporation>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Analysis of high temperature degradation of multi-layer insulation (MLI) systems for liquid hydrogen storage tanks</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The interest in hydrogen-based green energy is increasing worldwide, and the same is true for hydrogen-powered vehicles. Among the possible solutions to store hydrogen in such vehicles, cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) are the most promising to increase the amount of energy stored per unit volume. However, MLI is affected by severe deterioration when exposed to an external source of heat such as a fire following a car accident, leaving the tank unprotected and leading to failure in a relatively short time. In this work, a one-dimensional model to evaluate MLI thermal degradation when a liquid hydrogen tank is exposed to fire is presented. The relevance of taking MLI degradation into account when simulating the pressure increase due to external fire exposure is here demonstrated through the analysis of several case studies. The results show that MLI systems performance depletes within a few minutes of exposure to hydrocarbon poolfire.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemical engineering transachtions</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2283-9216</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICheaP 16</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Naples, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>D. Camplese</author>
    <author>C. Chianese</author>
    <author>G. Scarponi</author>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <author>Frank Otremba</author>
    <author>V. Cozzani</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MLI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tiefkalt</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tank</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56181</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Wasserstoff - Kryogene Anwendungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Wasserstoff wird als ein potenzieller alternativer Energieträger gesehen, mit dem die für 2050 gesetzten Klimaziele erreicht werden könnten. Der Transport von Wasserstoff ist mittels verschiedener Speichertechniken möglich, von denen der kryogene Transport mit den größten volumetrischen Energiedichten einhergeht. Hierdurch eignen sich diese Speicher besonders für die energieintensiven Verkehrsmittel im Land-, See- und Flugverkehr.&#13;
Im Vortrag werden Speichertechniken, Gefahren im Umgang mit kryogenen Gasen sowie bisherige Störfälle dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Teil der aktuellen Forschungsarbeit an der BAM vorgestellt, die die Sicherheit dieser Speicher unter außergewöhnlichen Belastungen adressiert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">26. Gefahrgutkongress Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Rostock, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>H2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LNG</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tank</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57553</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Analysis of high temperature degradation of multi-layer insulation (MLI) systems for liquid hydrogen storage tanks</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The interest in hydrogen-based green energy is increasing worldwide, and the same is true for hydrogen-powered vehicles. Among the possible solutions to store hydrogen in such vehicles, cryogenic tanks equipped with multi-layer insulation (MLI) are the most promising to increase the amount of energy stored per unit volume. However, MLI is affected by severe deterioration when exposed to an external source of heat such as a fire following a car accident, leaving the tank unprotected and leading to failure in a relatively short time. In this work, a one-dimensional model to evaluate MLI thermal degradation when a liquid hydrogen tank is exposed to fire is presented. The relevance of taking MLI degradation into account when simulating the pressure increase due to external fire exposure is here demonstrated through the analysis of several case studies. The results show that MLI systems performance depletes within a few minutes of exposure to hydrocarbon poolfire.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICheaP 16</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Naples, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>D. Camplese</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MLI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tank</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61540</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Tanks For The Large-Scale Transport And Storage Of Liquefied Hydrogen</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen is seen as a potential energy source that enables us to achieve our climate targets. Hydrogen can be well integrated into the electrical energy infrastructure, and its production and use is free of direct GHG emissions. However, tanks are needed for worldwide storage and transportation, which need to be further developed and up-scaled. In the EU-funded NICOLHy project, BAM investigates a novel insulation concept based on Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP) that enables the safe, cost- and energy-efficient storage of large quantities of LH2. Such large-scale LH2 storage technology is necessary to build tanks with capacities of 40.000 m³ to more than 200.000 m³ of LH2, as it is in application for LNG today. However, new design concepts are needed because the currently available technologies used in small and medium storages today are not suitable for up-scaling. The main problems prohibiting up-scaling are the long production time due to the process chain, the low failure tolerance, and the spherical shape of the tank, which reduces the payload in technical applications by up to 50% compared to other shapes. The novel concept will change these conditions by a system which is modular, open-form, time-and cost-efficient during production, operation and service, multi-failure tolerant and applicable for onshore and offshore applications. The NICOLHy consortium is ideally suited for this ambitious project. It brings together experts from the fields of thermodynamics, cryogenics, marine, chemistry, process, and safety engineering. Thereby, NICOLHy will accelerate the integration of hydrogen into the European energy economy and industry, which is necessary to be in line with the European Green Deal and to build trust of society in the policy and the technology.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">BAM Akademie H2 Safety - Colloquium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Insulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquefied Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tank</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Gefährliche Stoffe</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57414</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Systems for the storage of cryogenic liquefied gases</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) establish themselves as important energy carriers in the transport sector. Its storage requires tanks with Thermal Super Insulations (TSI) to keep the transported fluid cold. The presentation includes 2 main topics of the department. &#13;
&#13;
First TSI has proven itself in various applications over a long time, but not in the land transport sector, where accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination are to be expected. To analyze fire scenarios a High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (HTTVC) was developed that allows the thermal loading of thermal insulation material in a vacuum and measuring the heat flow through the TSI in parallel. Within this chamber, 5 samples were tested regarding 3 different types of MLI, rock wool, and perlites. In the presentation, the results are presented. &#13;
&#13;
Second, the studying of accident scenarios enables the improvement of thermal superinsulation and to find novel insulation concepts. This is necessary for LH2 large-scale storages, for which state-of-the-art solutions are not suitable. Within the presentation, a novel insulation concept will be presented.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Specialist Meeting - Threats to HAZMAT Pressure Vessels and BLEVE</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Robert Eberwein</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crygenic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LH2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LNG</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MLI</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.2 Sicherheit von Energiespeichern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
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