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  <doc>
    <id>57241</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>22</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Review of X-Ray Imaging at the BAMline (BESSY II)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The hard X-ray beamline BAMline at BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) has now been in service for 20 years. Several improvements have been implemented in this time, and this review provides an overview of the imaging methods available at the BAMline. Besides classic full-field synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT), also absorption edge CT, synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR), and synchrotron X-ray refraction tomography (SXRCT) are used for imaging. Moreover, virtually any of those techniques are currently coupled in situ or operando with ancillary equipment such as load rigs, furnaces, or potentiostats. Each of the available techniques is explained and both the current and the potential usage are described with corresponding examples. The potential use is manifold, the examples cover organic materials, composite materials, energy-related materials, biological samples, and materials related to additive manufacturing. The article includes published examples as well as some unpublished applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Engineering Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adem.202201034</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572417</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-1656</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.04.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Sergei Evsevleev</author>
    <author>T. Arlt</author>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Material science</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57241/Markoetter_Mueller_2023_Adv Eng Mater.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58770</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Understanding the hot isostatic  pressing efectiveness of laser  powder bed fusion Ti‑6Al‑4V  by in‑situ X‑ray imaging  and difraction experiments</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the present study, in-situ observation of Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP) procedure of laser powder bed fusion manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts was performed to quantitatively estimate the densifcation rate of the material and the infuence of the defect initial size and shape on such rate. The observations were performed in-situ using the Ultrafast Tomography Paris-Edinburgh Cell and the combination of fast phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray tomography and energy dispersive difraction. With this strategy, we could quantify how the efectiveness of HIP depends on the characteristics of a defect. Smaller defects showed a higher densifcation rate, while the defect shape did not have signifcant efect on such rate.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Scientific reports</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/s41598-023-45258-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587702</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2045-2322</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.11.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Sergei Evsevleev</author>
    <author>Pierre Piault</author>
    <author>Andrew King</author>
    <author>Laura Henry</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hot isostatic pressing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/58770/Mishurova_etall_HIP_Sci_REP.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51944</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1792</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>38</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Critical role of scan strategies on the development of microstructure, texture, and residual stresses during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing offers the flexibility to incorporate standard and userdefined scan strategies in a layer or in between the layers for the customized fabrication of metallic components. In the present study, four different scan strategies and their impact on the development of microstructure, texture, and residual stresses in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of a nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 was investigated. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with electron backscatter diffraction, and neutron diffraction were used as the characterization tools. Strong textures with epitaxially grown columnar grains were observed along the build direction for the two individual scan strategies. Patterns depicting the respective scan strategies were visible in the build plane, which dictated the microstructure development in the other planes. An alternating strategy combining the individual strategies in the successive layers and a 67◦ rotational strategy weakened the texture by forming finer microstructural features. Von Mises equivalent stress plots revealed lower stress values and gradients, which translates as lower distortions for the alternating and rotational strategies. Overall results confirmed the scope for manipulating the microstructure, texture, and residual stresses during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing by effectively controlling the scan strategies.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Additive Manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.addma.2020.101792</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">11.03.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Naresh Nadammal</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>C. Haberland</author>
    <author>Pedro Dolabella Portella</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nickel-based superalloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scan strategies</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stresses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure and texture</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64629</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>5368</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5375</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>413</volume>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>IOS Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Deep Learning Based 3D Volume Correlation for Additive Manufacturing Using High-Resolution Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Quality control in Additive Manufacturing (AM) is vital for industrial applications in areas such as the automotive, medical, and aerospace sectors. Geometric inaccuracies caused by shrinkage and deformations can compromise the life and performance of additively manufactured components. Such deviations can be quantified using Digital Volume Correlation (DVC), which compares the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model with the X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) geometry of the components produced. However, accurate registration between the two modalities is challenging due to the absence of a ground truth or reference deformation field. In addition, the extremely large data size of high-resolution XCT volumes makes computation difficult. In this work, we present a deep learning-based approach for estimating voxel-wise deformations between CAD and XCT volumes. Our method uses a dynamic patch-based processing strategy to handle high-resolution volumes. In addition to the Dice score, we introduce a Binary Difference Map (BDM) that quantifies voxel-wise mismatches between binarized CAD and XCT volumes to evaluate the accuracy of the registration. Our approach shows a 9.2% improvement in the Dice score and a 9.9% improvement in the voxel match rate compared to classic DVC methods, while reducing the interaction time from days to minutes. This work sets the foundation for deep learning-based DVC methods to generate compensation meshes that can then be used in closed-loop correlations during the AM production process. Such a system would be of great interest to industry, as it would make the manufacturing process more reliable and efficient, saving time and material.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0922-6389</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3233/FAIA251475</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-646293</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">book-chapter</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_5,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,TitleAbstract_1,TitleParent_1,PublishedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Keerthana Chand</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Bardia Hejazi</author>
    <author>Konstantin Poka</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep learning</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64629/FAIA-413-FAIA251475.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56805</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>26</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">On the relationship between laser scan strategy, texture variations and hidden nucleation sites for failure in laser powder-bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">While laser powder-bed fusion has overcome some of the design constraints of conventional manufacturing methods, it requires careful selection of process parameters and scan strategies to obtain favorable properties. Here we show that even simple scan strategies, complex ones being inevitable when printing intricate designs, can inadvertently produce local alterations of the microstructure and preferential grain orientation over small areas – which easily remain unnoticed across the macroscale. We describe how a combined usage of neutron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction can reveal these localized variations and explain their origin within cm-sized parts. We explain the observed contrast variations by linking the neutron images to simulated data, pole figures and EBSD, providing an invaluable reference for future studies and showing that presumably minor changes of the scan strategy can have detrimental effects on the mechanical properties. In-situ tensile tests reveal that fracture occurs in a region that was re-melted during the building process.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materialia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101614</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568054</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.01.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>V. Pacheco</author>
    <author>J. J. Marattukalam</author>
    <author>D. Karlsson</author>
    <author>L. Dessieux</author>
    <author>K. V. Tran</author>
    <author>P. Beran</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>N. Kardjilov</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>M. Sahlberg</author>
    <author>R. Woracek</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder-bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Texture</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Preferential orientation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction contrast neutron imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bragg-edge</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56805/2022_Pacheco_Bragg-Edge_N-imaging_AM.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56511</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>22082</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>22098</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>57</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science + Business Media</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Dordrecht</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of a 265 °C heat treatment on the residual stress state of a PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) additive manufacturing (AM) induces&#13;
high magnitude residual stress (RS) in structures due to the extremely heterogeneous cooling and heating rates. As the RS can be deleterious to the fatigue resistance of engineering components, great efforts are focused on understanding their generation and evolution after post-process heat treatments. In this study, one of the few of its kind, the RS relaxation induced in an as-built PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg material by a low-temperature heat treatment (265 °C for 1 h) is studied by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction. Since the specimens are manufactured using a baseplate heated up to 200 °C, low RS are found in the as-built condition. After heat treatment a redistribution of the RS is observed, while their magnitude remains constant. It is proposed that the redistribution is induced by a repartition of stresses between the a-aluminium matrix and the silicon phase, as the morphology of the silicon phase is affected by the heat treatment. A considerable scatter is observed in the neutron diffraction RS profiles, which is principally correlated to the presence (or absence) of pockets of porosity developed at the borders of the chessboard pattern.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of materials science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10853-022-07997-w</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565115</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-4803</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.01.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <author>T. Pirling</author>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <author>M. Klaus</author>
    <author>J. Haubrich</author>
    <author>G. Requena</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56511/Roveda_et_al-2022-Journal_of_Materials_Science.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63736</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Chamfer distance for non-linear registration of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface lattices</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present a 3D image registration technique for non-linear deformation estimation in Additive Manufacturing processes. The methodology involves comparing X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) data with Computer Aided Design (CAD) models for Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) lattices and employs the Chamfer distance to refine mesh non-linear deformations.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Quantitative surface quality evaluation by X-ray Computed Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The poor surface quality is one of the challenges in powder based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. It limits the application of the components in as-manufactured condition and requires the post-processing machining techniques, increasing costs and diminishing the advantage of the free form fabrication. It is important to characterize the surface roughness of the part as it might affect the tolerances and the mechanical behavior of the material. For the AM components the usage of classic characterization techniques becomes very challenging and even impossible, when internal channels, fine and complex shapes structures are under investigation. In such cases, X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is the only tool to evaluate the structure inside nondestructively. &#13;
In this work, the application of surface quality analysis workflow using high-resolution XCT is presented. The analysis of surface topography includes the quantitative characterization of “re-entrant” surface features. This characterization is based on the evaluation of the triangulated surface generated based on the XCT data and was compared with conventional surface roughness parameters (e.g., Sa and Sz). The strength of the presented workflow is the application on arbitrary surfaces without geometrical limitations allowing real as-build investigation. This will be discussed on the example of both, simple cylindrical struts to present the principals, and the application to the Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures. The analysis of the struts allows conclusions about the influence of down-skin and up-skin on surface quality. The results indicate that the surface quality is a factor of 2 worse for a build angle of 30° compared to an up-right build (90°). The investigation of TPMS structures is focused on the optimization of process parameter of geometrically complex samples regarding the surface quality. The challenge was an automated and user-independent comparison of several TPMS structures. The correlation of surface quality with process parameters (e.g., Laser power, laser velocity) is presented.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ASTM ICAM 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Atlanta, GA, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">28.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Anne Jahn</author>
    <author>Lina Pavasaryte</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray CT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface texture</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57795</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Synchrotron Multi-energy HDR tomography for LTCC systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">LTCCs (Low-temperature co-fired ceramics) consist of three-dimensionally distributed, hermetically bonded ceramic and metallic components with structure sizes within [10; 100] µm. A non-destructive imaging technique is needed that provides 3D, sharp, high-contrast resolution of these structures, as well as porosity and defect analysis, which is made difficult by the very different X-ray absorption coefficients of the individual components of the microstructure. A HDR method is being developed that allows a combination of different tomograms, each with X-ray energies adapted to individual materials.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Bessy II User Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">23.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Mustapha Eddah</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LTCC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54389</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>143</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>doctoralthesis</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>RWTH Aachen</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>2020-12-21</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of residual stress and microstructure on mechanical performance of LPBF TI-6AL-4V</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing technologies provide unique possibilities in the production of topologically optimized, near-net shape components. The main limiting factors affecting the structural integrity of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) parts are manufacturing defects and residual stress (RS) because both of them are virtually inevitable. Taking into account the complex thermal history of LPBF materials, a prediction of the material behavior is not possible without experimental data on the microstructure, defect distribution, and RS fields. Therefore, this thesis aims to understand the factors that influence the LPBF Ti-6Al-4V material performance the most, covering both the production and the post-processing steps of manufacturing.&#13;
Indeed, a parametric study on the influence of manufacturing process and post-processing on RS, defects and microstructure was performed. It was found that the volumetric energy Density (EV), commonly used for the LPBF process optimization, does neither consider the pore shapes and distribution, nor the influence of individual parameters on the volume fraction of pores.&#13;
Therefore, it was recommended not to use EV without great care. It was shown that the Position on the base plate has a great impact on the amount of RS in the part.&#13;
The micromechanical behavior of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V was also studied using in-situ Synchrotron X-ray diffraction during tensile and compression tests. Diffraction elastic constants (DEC), connecting macroscopic stress and (micro) strain, of the LPBF Ti-6Al-4V showed a difference&#13;
from the DEC of conventionally manufactured alloy. This fact was attributed to the peculiar microstructure and crystallographic texture. It was therefore recommended to determine experimentally DECs whenever possible.&#13;
Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) tests at a chosen operating temperature were performed to evaluate the effect of post-treatment on the mechanical performance. Through the information on the microstructure, the mesostructure, and the RS, the LCF behavior was (indirectly) correlated to the process parameters. It was found that the fatigue performance of LPBF samples subjected to hot isostatic pressing is similar to that of hot-formed Ti-6Al-4V. The tensile RS found at the&#13;
surface of LPBF as-built samples decreased the fatigue life compared to the heat-treated samples. The modification of the microstructure (by heat treatment) did not affect the Fatigue performance in the elastic regime. This shows that in the absence of tensile RS, the manufacturing defects solely control the failure of LPBF components and densification has the strongest effect on the improvement of the mechanical performance.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ti-6Al-4V</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">BAM Dissertationen ohne Nummerierung</collection>
    <thesisGrantor>Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen</thesisGrantor>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59754</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>12</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>37</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>7</volume>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of a New Ti Alloy for a New Generation of Additively Manufactured Implants with Lattice</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A new titanium alloy improving the operation of implants additively manufactured and including laterally closed lattice structures is proposed. The new alloy possesses an increased affinity to the bone. The measured bone–interface implant (BII) of less than 10 mm and bone–implant contact (BIC) of 95% demonstrated an excellent osseointegration. Furthermore, since additive manufacturing naturally leads to a high-roughness surface finish, the wettability of the implant is increased. The combination of these factors is pushing ossification beyond its natural limits. In addition, the quality and speed of the ossification and osseointegration in/around laterally closed lattice implants open the possibility of bone spline key of prostheses. This enables the stabilization of the implant into the bone while keeping the possibility of punctual hooks allowing the implant to be removed more easily if required.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.9734/bpi/cpstr/v7/7198E</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defects</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machine Learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Implants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lattices</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54044</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual Stresses in Additive Manufacturing (L-PBF)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Metal Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) enable the fabrication of complex structures, giving rise to potential improvements in component and manufacturing efficiency. However, the processes are typically characterized by the generation of high magnitude residual stress (RS) which can have detrimental consequences for subsequent applications. Therefore, the characterization of these RS fields and the understanding of their formation and mitigation through optimized processing is crucial for the wider uptake of the technology. Due to the potential complex nature and high value of components manufactured by LPBF, it is important to have suitable characterisation methods which can determine the spatial variations of RS in a non-destructive manner. Neutron diffraction is considered to be the best suited for these requirements.  However, the microstructures developed in the complex thermal cycles experience in the production can pose challenges to the ND method for RS analysis.  The BAM has conducted significant research over the past years to overcome these obstacles, enabling higher confidence in the RS determined in LPBF materials by neutron diffraction.  This contribution will overview some of these advancements made recently at European neutron sources including on Stress-Spec at FRM2/MLZ.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MLZ User Meeting 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.12.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AGIL</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Manufact</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53875</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of the scanning strategy on the RS state of a LPBF IN718 material</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For metal-based additive manufacturing (AM) to achieve leaner designs and enable longer life predictions, it is imperative to gain a detailed knowledge of the residual stress (RS) built-up. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an AM technique particularly prone to RS because of the highly localized heat source, extremely high cooling rates (in the order of 103-107 K/s), and successive cooling and heating cycles of the solidified material. Furthermore, RS analysis of LPBF materials by diffraction methods is peculiar because of the complexity of the thermal history, the possibility of encountering high levels of surface roughness, spatial textural variations and/or changes in solute concentrations at the component scale.&#13;
Diverse aspects of the influence of scanning strategies on the as-built residual stress state of a LPBF IN718 alloy will be presented, with particular focus on the challenges that AM microstructures pose for a reliable RS determination.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MECASENS 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.11.2021</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IN718</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61510</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Fatigue Crack Segmentation and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V Using X‐Ray Computed Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) is extremely useful for the non‐destructive analysis of additively manufactured (AM) components. AM components often show manufacturing defects such as lack‐of‐fusion (LoF), which are detrimental to the fatigue life of components. To better understand how cracks initiate and propagate from internal defects, we fabricated Ti‐6Al‐4V samples with an internal cavity using electron beam powder bed fusion. The samples were tested in high‐cycle and very high‐cycle fatigue regimes. XCT was used to locate crack initiation sites and to determine characteristic properties of cracks and defects with the aid of deep learning segmentation. LoF defects exposed to the outer surface of the samples after machining were found to be as detrimental to fatigue life as the internal artificial defects. This work can benefit industries that utilize the AM of high‐strength, lightweight alloys, in the design and manufacturing of components to improve part reliability and fatigue life.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Fatigue &amp; Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/ffe.14489</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615107</identifier>
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AM components often show manufacturing defects such as lack\u2010of\u2010fusion (LoF), which are detrimental to the fatigue life of components. To better understand how cracks initiate and propagate from internal defects, we fabricated Ti\u20106Al\u20104V samples with an internal cavity using electron beam powder bed fusion. The samples were tested in high\u2010cycle and very high\u2010cycle fatigue regimes. XCT was used to locate crack initiation sites and to determine characteristic properties of cracks and defects with the aid of deep learning segmentation. LoF defects exposed to the outer surface of the samples after machining were found to be as detrimental to fatigue life as the internal artificial defects. This work can benefit industries that utilize the AM of high\u2010strength, lightweight alloys, in the design and manufacturing of components to improve part reliability and fatigue life.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.1111\/ffe.14489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T12:04:36Z","timestamp":1729944276000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fatigue Crack Segmentation and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Ti\u20106Al\u20104V Using X\u2010Ray Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-128X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bardia","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for X\u2010Ray Imaging Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)  Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Compart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Engineering Technische Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie Freiberg  Freiberg Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0472-2874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Fritsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for X\u2010Ray Imaging Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)  Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Engineering Technische Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie Freiberg  Freiberg Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6432-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Weidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Engineering Technische Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie Freiberg  Freiberg Germany"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Biermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Engineering Technische Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie Freiberg  Freiberg Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8905-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Benz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural Mechanics University of Rostock  Rostock Germany"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural Mechanics University of Rostock  Rostock Germany"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for X\u2010Ray Imaging Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2022.04.055","article-title":"A Critical Review on Additive Manufacturing of Ti\u20106Al\u20104V Alloy: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties","volume":"18","author":"Nguyen H. 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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Bardia Hejazi</author>
    <author>Amaya Compart</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Ruben Wagner</author>
    <author>Anja Weidner</author>
    <author>Horst Biermann</author>
    <author>Christopher Benz</author>
    <author>Manuela Sander</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ttitanium alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Very high-cycle fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61510/Fatigue Crack Segmentation and Characterization of Additively Manufactured.pdf</file>
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    <title language="eng">XCT-assisted micromechanical modeling of the effect of pores on the plastic deformation and mechanical characteristics of PBF-LB/M-produced copper alloys</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Due to the low absorption of fiber laser by copper particles, the laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) processing of copper components is accompanied by the development of different types of porosities within the printed samples. This research aims to assess the consequences of various process-induced pores on the me&#13;
chanical characteristics and deformation of PBF-LB/M-produced copper alloys. Several copper alloys were processed using metal-coated particles and varied laser intensities, yielding samples with different types and amounts of porosities. For instance, CuCrZr alloys processed at 325 J/mm³ and 257 J/mm³ had 0.009 % and 1.117 % porosities, dominated by keyhole and lack-of-fusion pores, respectively. Moreover, PBF-LB/M pro cessing of Cr- and Nb-coated CuNi3SiCr particles accompanied by the generation of 0.004 % and 1.861 % porosities within the samples, predominantly featuring metallurgical and oxidation pores, respectively.&#13;
Compression and nanoindentation tests revealed that the CuNi3SiCr alloy exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to the CuCrZr sample (nanoindentation hardness values 2.2 GPa and 1.4 GPa, respectively), while the presence of lack-of-fusion pores notably diminished their mechanical performance. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) reconstruction slices and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were then used for developing the representative volume elements (RVEs) based micromechanical models. The micromechanical&#13;
simulations established a structure-property correlation that can simulate the compressive deformation and mechanical characteristics of PBF-LB/M-produced copper alloys as a function of their incorporated pore characteristics. Due to the closure of the pores at the first stages of deformation, samples with minimal keyhole and metallurgical porosities exhibited homogeneous plastic deformation. On the other side, based on the JohnsonCook model, strain concentration and crack propagation around the lack-of-fusion pores lead to damage initi&#13;
ation in the printed samples at a strain level of 5 %</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Science and Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.msea.2025.147836</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0921-5093</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-624004</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.02.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Hossein Beygi Narsabadi</author>
    <author>H. Vafaeenezhad</author>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray Computed tomography</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defects</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Copper alloys</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBF-LB/M</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micromechanics</value>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <issue/>
    <volume>65</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Influence of scanning strategy and hatch distance on porosity and mechanical characteristics of 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The effect of scanning strategies and hatch distances on the porosity and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is studied. Two scanning strategies were analyzed along with three hatch distances (50 μm, 80 μm, and 110 μm). Using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), the study revealed different defect distributions: 90° alternating hatch scanning strategy resulted in a higher number of lack of fusion defects, while the chessboard strategy produced smaller, more uniformly distributed gas pores. The optimal hatch distance of 80 μm was found to minimize porosity and maximize tensile strength for both strategies. Mechanical testing supported these findings, showing that specimens printed with an 80 μm hatch distance exhibited better mechanical characteristics. This study highlights the critical role of scanning parameters in the quality&#13;
and reliability of additively manufactured parts.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia Structural Integrity</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.prostr.2024.11.045</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2452-3216</identifier>
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    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Stanislav Evlashin</author>
    <author>Denis Firsov</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Ivan Sergeichev</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity</value>
    </subject>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>353</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Determination of diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High energy X-ray synchrotron diffraction is used to investigate the elastic anisotropy of the nickel-based superalloy IN718 produced by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). This material is characterized by a columnar grain morphology with some crystallographic texture. The material is subjected to elastic loading to determine the diffraction elastic constants (DECs). Furthermore, the single-crystal elastic constants (SCEC) are refined from these experiments using different micromechanical models. The results show that each micromechanical model predicts a specific set of SCEC that well describes the elastic anisotropy of PBF-LB/IN718.</abstract>
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    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Condensed Matter Physics</value>
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      <value>General Materials Science</value>
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    <abstract language="deu">Die BAM präsentiert anhand ausgewählter Beispiele wie mithilfe von Computertomographiedaten dringende technische Fragestellungen zum Verständnis von Schädigungsmechanismen in verschiedensten Materialien und Komponenten, zum Beispiel in additiv gefertigten Metallen oder Batterien, beantwortet werden können.</abstract>
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    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
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    <title language="eng">Synchrotron X-Ray Refraction during in-situ heat treatments</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the first time, synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) has been paired with in-situ heat treatment to monitor microstructure and porosity evolution as a function of temperature.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Trapped powder removal from sheet-based porous structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion-manufactured (E-PBF) porous components with narrow pores or channels and rough walls or struts can be filled with trapped powder after the manufacturing process. Adequate powder removal procedures are required, especially for high-density porous structures. In the present research, sheetbased porous structures with different thicknesses based on triply periodic minimal surfaces fabricated by EPBF were subjected to different post-processing methods, including a traditional powder recovery system for EPBF, chemical etching and ultrasound vibration-assisted powder removal. Wall thickness, internal defects, microstructure and morphology features, powder distribution inside the specimens, mechanical properties and deformation modes were investigated. A powder recovery system could not remove all residual powder from dense structures. In turn, chemical etching was effective for surface morphology changes and subsurface layers elimination but not for powder removal, as it affected the wall thickness, considerably influencing the mechanical properties of the whole structure. The ultrasound vibration method was quite effective for the removal of residual powder from sheet-based TMPS structures and without a severe degradation of mechanical properties. 10.1016/j.msea.2022.144479 Ultrasound vibration also caused grain refinement.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Science &amp; Engineering A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.msea.2022.144479</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">23.01.2023</enrichment>
    <author>D. Khrapov</author>
    <author>A. Paveleva</author>
    <author>M. Kozadayeva</author>
    <author>Sergei Evsevleev</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>R. Surmenev</author>
    <author>A. Koptyug</author>
    <author>M. Surmeneva</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual powder removal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ti6Al4V alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electron beam powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TPMS structures</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51823</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Creep and fracture behavior of conventionally and additively manufactured stainless steel 316L</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A critical task within the frame of establishing process-structure-property-performance relationships in additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is producing reliable and well-documented material behavior’s data and knowledge regarding the structure-property correlation, including the role of defects. After all, it represents the basis for developing more targeted process optimizations and more reliable predictions of performance in the future. Within this context, this contribution aims to close the actual gap of limited historical data and knowledge concerning the creep behavior of the widely used austenitic stainless steel 316L, manufactured by Laser-Powder-Bed-Fusion (L-PBF). To address this objective, specimens from conventional hot-rolled and AM material were tested under application-relevant conditions according to existing standards for conventional material, and microstructurally characterized before and after failure. The test specimens were machined from single blocks from the AM material. The blocks were manufactured using a standard scan and build-up strategy and were subsequently heat-treated. The creep behavior is described and comparatively assessed based on the creep lifetime and selected creep curves and characteristic values. The effect of defects and microstructure on the material’s behavior is analyzed based on destructive and non-destructive evaluations on selected specimens. The AM material shows shorter creep lives, reaches the secondary creep stage much faster and at a lower strain, and features lower creep ductility compared to its conventional counterpart. The creep damage behavior of the AM material is more microstructure than defect controlled and is characterized by the formation and accumulation of single intergranular damage along the whole volume. Critical features identified are the grain morphology and the grain-boundary as well as the dislocation’s density. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) proves to be an alternative to metallography to analyze the creep damage.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ASTM International Conference on Additive Manufacturing 2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.11.2020</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Luis Ávila Calderón</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>316L</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
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    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>63247</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>24</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>939</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="eng">Effect of 700–900 °C heat treatments and room and high temperature tensile deformation on the microstructure of laser powder bed fused 316L stainless steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The effect of post-processing heat treatments on the hierarchical microstructure evolution and mechanical strength of the austenitic stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion has been investigated. Heat treatments between 700 and 900 ◦C and 0.5 to 3 h, were applied to samples treated at 450 ◦C for 4 h. The results showed a stable microstructure at all studied temperatures and times in terms of grain size, morphology, aspect ratio, density of low-angle grain boundaries, and texture. However, temperature and time promoted the diffusion of segregated elements together with a reduction in dislocation density and disappearance of the cellular structure. This was associated with a reduction in hardness and tensile proof strength at both room and high temperature. In addition, microstructural characterization coupled with thermodynamic CALPHAD-based equilibrium calculations showed that the formation of carbides and intermetallic phases was already visible after annealing at 800 ◦C for 3 hours, although these intermetallics did not affect the tensile properties at this level. Analysis of the microstructure evolution after tensile deformation showed differences in the deformation mechanisms at room and high temperature, with twinning and martensitic transformation occurring at room temperature, the latter not widely reported for additively manufactured 316L. Finally, comparisons with similar materials produced under comparable conditions showed differences in the tensile properties, attributed to differences in chemical composition and the associated presence of stacking faults in the undeformed state.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials science and engineering: A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0921-5093</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.msea.2025.148469</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632471</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Patricia Suárez Ocaño</author>
    <author>Luis Ávila Calderón</author>
    <author>Leonardo Agudo Jácome</author>
    <author>Birgit Rehmer</author>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <author>Birgit Skrotzki</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>316L stainless steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatments</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tensile properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Assessing the low cycle fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V: Challenges and first results</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The understanding of process-microstructure-property-performance (PMPP) relationships in additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is highly necessary to achieve wide-spread industrial application and replace conventionally manufactured parts, especially regarding safety-relevant applications. To achieve this understanding, reliable data and knowledge regarding material’s microstructure-property relationships (e.g. the role of defects) is needed, since it represents the base for future more targeted process optimizations and more reliable calculations of performance. However, producing reliable material data and assessing the AM material behaviour is not an easy task: big challenges are e.g. the actual lack of standard testing methods for AM materials and the occasional difficulties in finding one-to-one comparable material data for the conventional counterpart.&#13;
This work aims to contribute to end this lack of reliable material data and knowledge for the low cycle fatigue behaviour of the most used titanium alloy in aerospace applications (Ti-6Al-4V). For this purpose, two sets of test specimens were investigated. The first set was manufactured from cylindrical rods produced by an optimized DED-L process and the second was manufactured from a hot formed round bar. The test specimens were cyclically loaded until failure in the low-cycle-fatigue (LCF) regime. The tests were carried out according to ISO 12106 between 0.3 to 1.0 % axial strain amplitude from room temperature up to 400°C. The LCF behaviour is described and compared between materials and with literature values based on cyclic deformation curves and strain-based fatigue life curves. Besides, the parameters of Manson-Coffin-Basquin relationship were calculated. The microstructures (initial and after failure) and fracture surfaces were comparative characterized. Thereby, the focus lied on understanding the role of grain morphology and defects on the failure mechanisms and fatigue lifetimes. For this latter characterization, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro computed tomography (µCT) were used.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.05.2020</enrichment>
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    <author>Luis Ávila Calderón</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ti-6Al-4V</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low cycle fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micro computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
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  <doc>
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    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1830</pageFirst>
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    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>11</volume>
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    <publisherName>MPDI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="eng">Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser-based additive manufacturing methods allow the production of complex metal structures within a single manufacturing step. However, the localized heat input and the layer-wise manufacturing manner give rise to large thermal gradients. Therefore, large internal stress (IS) during the process (and consequently residual stress (RS) at the end of production) is generated within the parts. This IS or RS can either lead to distortion or cracking during fabrication or in-service part failure, respectively. With this in view, the knowledge on the magnitude and spatial distribution of RS is important to develop strategies for its mitigation. Specifically, diffraction-based methods allow the spatial resolved determination of RS in a non-destructive fashion. In this review, common diffraction-based methods to determine RS in laser-based additive manufactured parts are presented. In fact, the unique microstructures and textures associated to laser-based additive manufacturing processes pose metrological challenges. Based on the literature review, it is recommended to (a) use mechanically relaxed samples measured in several orientations as appropriate strain-free lattice spacing, instead of powder, (b) consider that an appropriate grain-interaction model to calculate diffraction-elastic constants is both material- and texture-dependent and may differ from the conventionally manufactured variant. Further metrological challenges are critically reviewed and future demands in this research field are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metals</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/met11111830</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-538054</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.12.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Jakob Schröder</author>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Maximilian Sprengel</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser-based additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray and neutron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction-elastic constants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Strain-free lattice spacing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/53805/metals-11-01830-v2.pdf</file>
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  <doc>
    <id>59734</id>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>102059</issue>
    <volume>34</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Fine-Tuning Melt Pools and Microstructures: Taming Cracks in Powder Bed Fusion—Laser Beam of a non-weldable Ni-base Superalloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam (PBF-LB) of high γ’ strengthened Ni-base superalloys, such as CM247LC, is of great interest for high temperature applications in gas turbines. However, PBF-LB of CM247LC is challenging due to the high cracking susceptibility during PBF-LB processing (solidification cracking) and heat treatment (strain age cracking, mostly caused by residual stresses). This study focuses on understanding the impact of process parameters on microstructure, residual stresses and solidification cracking. Laser power (P), speed (v) and hatch spacing (h) were varied while the layer thickness (t) was fixed. The melt pool size and shape were found to be key factors in minimizing solidification cracking. Narrower and shallower melt pools, achieved using a low line energy density (LED = P/v ≤ 0.1 J/mm), gave low crack densities (0.7 mm/mm2). A tight hatch spacing (h = 0.03 mm) resulted in reduced lack of fusion porosity. Electron backscatter diffraction investigations revealed that parameters giving finer microstructure with 〈100〉crystallographic texture had low crack densities provided they were processed with a low LED. Atom probe tomography elucidated early stages of spinodal decomposition in the as-built condition, where Cr and Al cluster separately. The extent of spinodal decomposition was found to be affected by the LED and the hatch spacing. Samples with low LED and small hatch spacing showed higher degrees of spinodal decomposition. X-ray diffraction residual stress investigations revealed that the residual stress is proportional to the volumetric energy density (VED = P/(v. h. t)). Although low residual stresses can be achieved by using low VED, there is a high risk of lack of fusion. Hence, other parameters such as modified scan strategy, build plate pre-heating and pulsed laser mode, must be further explored to minimize the residual stresses to reduce the strain age cracking susceptibility.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materialia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102059</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597340</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2589-1529</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.05.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ahmed Fardan</author>
    <author>Andrea Fazi</author>
    <author>Ru Lin Peng</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Mattias Thuvander</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Håkan Brodin</author>
    <author>Eduard Hryha</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray CT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-weldable superalloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solidification cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59734/Fardan_etal_TM_GB_Materialia.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59759</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>60</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Evolution of interphase stress over a crack propagation plane as a function of stress relief heat treatments in a PBF‐LB/M AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractIn this study, we compare the residual stress state in a laser powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB/M) AlSi10Mg alloy in the as‐built (AB) condition with that after two different heat treatments (265 °C for 1 h, HT1; and 300 °C for 2 h, HT2). The bulk residual stress (RS) is determined using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), and near‐surface profiles are determined using laboratory energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD). The EDXRD results do not reveal any notable difference between the conditions at a depth of 350 μm, suggesting that the machining process yields a comparable residual stress state in the near‐surface regions. On the other hand, the SXRD results show that HT1 is more effective in relieving the bulk RS. It is observed that HT1 reduces the RS state in both the aluminium matrix and the silicon network. In addtion, HT2 does not have a significant impact on relaxing the RS as‐built state of the matrix, although it does induce a reduction in the RS magnitudes of the Si phase. It is concluded that the heat treatment stress relieving is effective as long as the Si‐network is not disaggregated.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Strain</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/str.12475</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597591</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.11.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <author>Andrew N. Fitch</author>
    <author>Jan Haubrich</author>
    <author>Guillermo Requena</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interphase residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laboratory energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBFLB/M AlSi10Mg alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress-relief heat-treatments</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59759/Roveda_2024_Strain.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59438</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>18</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>238</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Ex-situ characterization and simulation of density fluctuations evolution during sintering of binder jetted 316L</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Efficient density evolution during sintering of the as-printed component is vital to reach full densification and required properties of binder jet (BJT) components. However, due to the high porosity and brittle nature of the green compact, analysis of the microstructure development during sintering is very difficult, resulting in lack of understanding of the densification process. Density development from green state (57 ± 1.6 %) up to full density (99 ± 0.3 %) was characterized by high-resolution synchrotron X-Ray computed tomography (SXCT) on BJT 316L samples from ex-situ interrupted sintering tests. Periodicity of density fluctuations along the building direction was revealed for the first time and was related to the layer thickness of ~ 42 μm during printing that decreased down to ~ 33 μm during sintering. Sintering simulations, utilizing a continuum sintering model developed for BJT, allowed to replicate the density evolution during sintering with a mean error of 2 % and its fluctuation evolution from green (1.66 %) to sintered (0.56 %) state. Additionally, simulation of extreme particle size segregation (1 μm to 130 μm) suggested that non-optimized printing could lead to undesirable density fluctuation amplitude rapid increase (~10 %) during sintering. This might trigger the nucleation of defects (e.g., layer delamination, cracking, or excessive residual porosity) during the sintering process.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials &amp; Design</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112690</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594389</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0264-1275</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.03.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Alberto Cabo Rios</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Laura Cordova</author>
    <author>Mats Persson</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Eugene Olevsky</author>
    <author>Eduard Hryha</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray CT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Binder Jetting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sintering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FEM Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59438/cabo-rios-MDes-Binder_Jetting-2024.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52709</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Towards the optimization of post laser powder bed fusion stress relieve treatments of stainless steel 316L</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The formation of high magnitude residual stresses is inherent in laser powder bed fused processed austenitic steel 316L. Post-process heat treatments to relieve these stresses are necessary. In this study, heat treatment temperatures of 450°C, 800°C and 900°C were applied in order to avoid excessive sensitization. This temperature range thereby encompassed the upper and lower bounds for stress relieving treatment of this material. The residual stresses were determined by neutron diffraction and the evolution of the microstructure was monitored using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that a full relaxation of the residual stresses is achieved when applying 900°C for 1 hour, which seems to be closely related to the dissolution of the subgrain solidification cellular structure.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2nd Workshop on In-situ Monitoring and Microstructure Development in Additive Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Maximilian Sprengel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual Stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56109</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Artificial Defects in 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Printability, Microstructure, and Effects on the Very-High-Cycle Fatigue Behavior</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The printability of artificial defects inside the additively manufactured laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 316L stainless steel is investigated. The printing parameters of the LPBF process are optimized to produce artificial defects with reproducible sizes at desired positions while minimizing redundant porosity. The smallest obtained artificial defect is 90 μm in diameter. The accuracy of the geometry of the printed defect depends on both the height and the diameter in the input model. The effect of artificial defects on the very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior of LPBF 316L stainless steel is also studied. The specimens printed with artificial defects in the center are tested under VHCF using an ultrasonic machine. Crack initiation is accompanied by the formation of a fine granular area (FGA), typical of VHCF. Despite the presence of relatively large artificial defects, FGA formation is observed around accidental natural printing defects closer to the surface, which can still be considered as internal. The causes for this occurrence are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Engineering Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adem.202200831</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.11.2022</enrichment>
    <author>B. Voloskov</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>S. Evlashin</author>
    <author>I. Akhatov</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>I. Sergeichev</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>VHCF</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62014</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Wire arc additive manufacturing of high strength AL-MG-SI alloys</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Gas metal arc-based direct energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing technologies hold significant promise for producing large-scale metal components. However, determining optimal process parameters to achieve the desired near-net shape design and mechanical performance is a complex challenge due to the intricate interplay between process parameters and material properties. This presentation highlights the use of a newly developed solid welding wire doped with TiB to improve grain refinement in metals deposited via DED-Arc for high-strength precipitation-hardening AlMgSi aluminum alloys. This wire stems from our initial metallurgical investigations into grain refinement in aluminum weld metals.&#13;
&#13;
The research emphasizes the relationship between process parameters and component quality, aiming to uncover the mechanisms that influence performance. This is essential for establishing a reliable range of parameters that meet quality standards, many of which are derived from traditional welding practices.&#13;
&#13;
Component quality was assessed by studying pore size, pore distribution, and grain morphology. To further enhance the mechanical properties of the deposited material, post-weld heat treatments—including solution treatment, quenching, and artificial aging—were applied. The study also explores how different heat treatment strategies affect the final mechanical properties.&#13;
&#13;
To validate the feasibility of 3D printing high-strength aluminum alloys, a more complex demonstrator component was fabricated. The results demonstrate that DED-Arc technology can produce large aluminum parts with a quality comparable to subtractive manufacturing techniques.&#13;
&#13;
Furthermore, the entire additive manufacturing workflow has been digitally integrated, enabling full traceability of all key process steps. This digital integration is critical for ensuring reliable quality assessments of the finished components.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">77th IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference Joint Meeting of C-I, C-IV, and C-XII</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Rhodos, Greece</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">12.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-Arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength aluminium alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CT-analyses</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60294</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Fundamentals of Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Determination</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The general term additive manufacturing (AM) encompasses processes that enable the production of parts in a single manufacturing step. Among these, laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is one of the most commonly used to produce metal components. In essence, a laser locally melts powder particles in a powder bed layer-by-layer to incrementally build a part. As a result, this process offers immense manufacturing flexibility and superior geometric design capabilities compared to conventional processes. However, these advantages come at a cost: the localized processing inevitably induces large thermal gradients, resulting in the formation of large thermal stress during manufacturing. In the best case, residual stress remains in the final parts produced as a footprint of this thermal stress. Since residual stress is well known to exacerbate the structural integrity of components, their assessment is important in two respects. First, to optimize process parameter to minimize residual stress magnitudes. Second, to study their effect on the structural integrity of components (e.g., validation of numerical models). Therefore, a reliable experimental assessment of residual stress is an important factor for the successful application of PBF-LB. In this context, diffraction-based techniques allow the non-destructive characterization of the residual stress. In essence, lattice strain is calculated from interplanar distances by application of Braggs law. From the known lattice strain, macroscopic stress can be determined using Hooke’s law. To allow the accurate assessment of the residual stress distribution by such methods, a couple of challenges in regard of the characteristic PBF-LB microstructures need to be overcome. &#13;
This presentation highlights some of the challenges regarding the accurate assessment of residual stress in PBF-LB on the example of the Nickel-based alloy Inconel 718. The most significant influencing factors are the use of the correct diffraction elastic constants, the choice of the stress-free reference, and the consideration of the crystallographic texture. Further, it is shown that laboratory X-ray diffraction methods characterizing residual stress at the surface are biased by the inherent surface roughness. Overall, the impact of the characteristic microstructure is most significant for the selection of the correct diffraction elastic constants. In view of the localized melting and solidification, no significant gradients of the stress-free reference are observed, even though the cell-like solidification sub-structure is known to be heterogeneous on the micro-scale.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Jakob Schröder</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual Stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electron Backscatter Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57819</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>30</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">High-resolution Bragg-edge neutron radiography detects grain morphology in PBF-LB/M IN718</title>
    <abstract language="eng">One of the main advantages of metal additive manufacturing (MAM) techniques is their ability to produce components with site-specific microstructural features. Nevertheless, microstructural defects and lack of repeatability are still major concerns in MAM. In this study, a laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) IN718 material, produced using two different scan length vectors, is investigated using Bragg-edge neutron 2D imaging (BENI) combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. BENI is able to detect, on a macroscopic scale, process-induced changes in texture in a large field of view covering the entire sample (20×80 mm2). In addition, high-resolution BENI (HR-BENI), with a pixel size of 12.8 µm, provides a micro-scale examination of the local variations of texture and grain morphology, otherwise undistinguishable using the standard resolution. As such, HR-BENI offers a straightforward and detailed way of screening the integrity of MAM parts at cm-length scales.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materialia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.mtla.2023.101827</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2589-1529</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">14.08.2023</enrichment>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>Beate Pfretzschner</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Naresh Nadammal</author>
    <author>N. Kardjilov</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>T. Neuwirth</author>
    <author>M. Schulz</author>
    <author>Axel Griesche</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bragg-edge neutron 2D imaging (BENI)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metal additive manufacturing (MAM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IN718 PBF-LB/M</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystallographic texture control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55788</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Eigenspannungsrelaxation in additiv gefertigem austenitischem Stahl 316L: Einsatz moderner Beugungsmethoden</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In Hinblick auf den austenitischen Stahl AISI 316L erzeugt das pulverbettbasierte selektive Laserstrahlschmelzen, als ein additives Fertigungsverfahren, kristallographisch texturierte und Multiskalige Mikrostruktur. Einerseits können diese Mikrostrukturen zu einer Verbesserung der statischen mechanischen Eigenschaften führen (z. B. zu einer höheren Streckgrenze). Andererseits stehen diesen Verbesserungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften hohe Eigenspannungen gegenüber, die sich nachteilig auf das Ermüdungsverhalten auswirken können. Zur Reduzierung der Eigenspannungen und der daraus resultierenden negativen Auswirkungen auf die Ermüdungseigenschaften, werden Bauteile nach der Herstellung typischerweise wärmebehandelt. In dieser Studie wurde eine niedrige Wärmebehandlungstemperatur von 450°C höher temperierten Behandlungen bei 800 °C und 900 °C gegenübergestellt. Diese Wärmebehandlungstemperaturen bilden die oberen und die untere Grenze ein Spannungsarmglühendes Materials, ohne die prozessinduzierte Mikrostruktur signifikant zu verändern. Zusätzlich bieten diese Temperaturen den Vorteil, dass sie eine übermäßige intergranulare Ausscheidung von Karbiden und TCP-Phasen vermeiden, die zu einer Sensibilisierung des Werkstoffes gegen korrosive Umgebungen führen würden. Die Auswirkungen der Wärmebehandlung auf das Gefüge wurden mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (BSE und EBSD) untersucht. Die Relaxation der Eigenspannungen wurde vor und nach den jeweiligen Wärmebehandlungen bei 800°C und 900°C mittels Neutronenbeugung charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Proben nach der Wärmebehandlung bei 900 °C nahezu spannungsfrei sind, was mit der Auflösung der zellularen Substruktur korreliert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AWT-Konferenz Additive Fertigung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bremen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutronbeugungsverfahren</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF 316L</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eigenspannung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60248</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Additive Manufacturing of High Strength Al-Mg-Si Alloys with DED-Arc</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Direct energy deposition additive manufacturing technologies that utilize an electric arc have great potential for generating large volume metal components. However, selecting process parameters that yield the desired near net shape design and requested mechanical component behavior is not a trivial task due to the complex relationship between all process parameters and material characteristics. This presentation exemplifies the application of a newly developed solid welding wire doped with TiB to enhance grain refinement in the deposited metal for additive manufacturing based on DED-Arc of high-strength precipitation hardening AlMgSi-aluminum alloys. It is worth noting that the solid wire is the result of our preliminary metallurgical studies on grain refinement in aluminum weld metal. &#13;
Consequently,  research focuses on the correlation between process parameters and component quality to understand the underlying mechanisms. This is crucial for evaluating a robust process parameter space that yields component quality in line with corresponding standards which are mainly taken from welding technology.&#13;
Specifically, we examine component quality by analyzing pore size and distribution, as well as grain morphology. To enhance the mechanical properties of the deposited metal, a post-weld heat treatment was conducted, comprising of solution treatment, quenching, and artificial aging. The study also evaluates the effects of various heat treatment strategies on the final mechanical properties of the material.  &#13;
To demonstrate the applicability of 3D metal printing of high-strength aluminium alloys, a more complex demonstrator was created. It has been shown that DED-Arc can produce high-volume aluminium parts with the same quality as the corresponding subtractive processing strategy.&#13;
Additionally, the entire additive manufacturing chain has been digitally integrated, enabling traceability of all relevant process steps, which is essential for reliable subsequent quality assessment.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing - Additive 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.06.2024</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-Arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-stength aluminium alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality assurance</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54105</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Residual Stresses in Additive Manufacturing (L-PBF)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are experiencing an exceedingly rapid growth, driven by their potential through layer wise deposition for transformational improvements of engineering design, leading to efficiency and performance improvements.  Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) method which permits the fabrication of complex structures that cannot otherwise be produced via conventional subtractive manufacturing methods. Nevertheless, the rapid cooling rates associated with this process results in the formation of significant and complex residual stress (RS) fields. A large body of both experimental and simulation research has been dedicated in recent years to the control and mitigation of RS in AM. In order to validate simulations with the end goal of being able to model the residual stress state in AM components and to devise strategies for their reduction during manufacturing, experimental methods need to be able to accurately determine 3D residual stresses fields in complex geometries. Several destructive and non-destructive methods can be used to analyze the RS state, the choice of which depends on the geometry and the information required. Diffraction-based methods using penetrating neutron and synchrotron X-rays at large scale facilities offer the possibility to non-destructively spatially resolve both surface and bulk residual stresses in complex components and track their changes following applied thermal or mechanical loads. This presentation will overview the success stories of using large scale facilities by the BAM for the characterization of residual stresses in additively manufactured metallic alloys. In particular, the study of the influence of process parameters on the residual stress state and the relaxation of these stresses through heat treatment will be presented.  However there remains challenges to overcome particularly of the hypotheses underlying the experimental determination of residual stresses, which will be discussed.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">10th International Conference on Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation – MECASENS 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AGIL</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56466</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual stresses and micromechanical properties of additively manufactured metals: why do we need a paradigm shift?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">An overview of the challenges and successes in the methodology to characherise residual stresses and micromechnical properties in additively manufactured metals</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">CAM2 Annual Seminar 2022 - 5-year journey</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Gothenburg, Sweden</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AGIL</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MANUFACT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micromechnical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58508</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">X-ray refraction techniques non-destructively quantify and classify defects in am materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">X-ray refraction is analogous to visible light deflection by matter; it occurs at boundaries between different media. The main difference between visible light and X-rays is that in the latter case deflection angles are very small, from a few seconds to a few minutes of arc (i.e., the refraction index n is near to 1). Importantly, deflection of X-rays is also sensitive to the orientation of the object boundaries. These features make X-ray refraction techniques extremely suitable to a) detect defects such as pores and microcracks and quantify their densities in bulk (not too heavy) materials, and b) evaluate porosity and particle properties such as orientation, size, and spatial distribution (by mapping). While X-ray refraction techniques cannot in general image single defects, they can detect objects with size above a few wavelengths of the radiation.&#13;
&#13;
Such techniques, especially at the Synchrotron BESSY II, Berlin, Germany, can be used in-situ, i.e. when the specimen is subjected to temperatures or external loads.&#13;
&#13;
The use of X-ray refraction analysis yields quantitative information, which can be directly input in kinetics, mechanical and damage models.&#13;
&#13;
We hereby show the application of non-destructive X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR, 2D mapping also called topography) to problems in additive manufacturing:&#13;
&#13;
1) Porosity analysis in PBF-LM-Ti64. Through the use of SXRR, we could not only map the (very sparse) porosity distribution between the layers and quantify it, but also classify, and thereby separate, the filled porosity (unmolten powder) from the keyhole and gas pores (Figure 1).&#13;
&#13;
2) In-situ heat treatment of laser powder bed fusion PBF-LM-AlSi10Mg to monitor microstructure and porosity evolution as a function of temperature (Figure 2). By means of SXRR we indirectly observed the initial eutectic Si network break down into larger particles as a function of increasing temperature. We also could detect the thermally induced porosity (TIP). Such changes in the Si-phase morphology upon heating is currently only possible using scanning electron microscopy, but with a much smaller field-of-view. SXRR also allows observing the growth of some individual pores, usually studied via X-ray computed tomography, but again on much smaller fields-of-view.&#13;
&#13;
Our results show the great potential of in-situ SXRR as a tool to gain in-depth knowledge of the defect distribution and the susceptibility of any material to thermally induced damage and/or microstructure evolution over statistically relevant volumes.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AAMS 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Madrid, Spain</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">27.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">29.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defects</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Large scale facilities</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59177</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual stresses Analysis in Additively Manufactured alloys using neutron diffraction (L-PBF)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">An overview of recent progress at BAM of residual stress analysis in additively manufactured, in particular Laser Powder Bed Fusion of metallics materials, using neutron diffraction will be presented. This will cover important topics of the stress-free reference, the diffraction elastic moduli and principal stress determination.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AWT-Fachausschuss 13 "Eigenspannungen"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">28.03.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">29.03.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AGIL</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64137</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Diffraction based residual stress analysis: challenges and opportunities in additive manufacturing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This presentation overviews the challanges and opportunities of diffraction based residual stress analysis for additively manufactured metals.  Through examples, the challanges and respective solutions are presented and the opportunities that the presented methods allow are described.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Workshop on Advanced Manufacturing (WAM) 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Grenoble, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AGIL</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MANUFACT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60428</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Peculiarities of the determination of residual stress in additively manufactured materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The determination of residual stress in additively manufactured materials is a challenge, even after decades from the establishment of the basics of residual stress analysis. This is due to the peculiar microstructure of such materials. In fact, researchers have discovered that conventional methods for the determination of RS in materials do not properly work for AM materials. In this tutorial, the basics of RS analysis will be explained, together with the basics of AM manufacturing techniques. The microstructure of the peculiar materials (AM) dealt with here will be elucidated. Successively, the necessary modifications to the conventional approaches to RS analysis will be explained and case studies will be displayed, for the attendant to touch with hands the peculiarities of the approaches. Finally, a few experimental and theoretical tips will be given on dos and don’ts for a correct determination of RS in AM materials.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11th European Conference on Residual Stresses</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Jakob Schröder</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual Stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55811</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The heat treatment of L-PBF Inconel 718: A manyfold problem</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The interest to additively manufacture Nickel-based superalloys has substantially grown within the past decade both academically and industrially. More specifically, additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offer the ability to produce dense parts within a single manufacturing step. In fact, the exceptional freedom in design associated with the layer-based nature of the processes is of particular interest for the complex shapes typically required in turbine applications. In certain cases, the overall part performance can be achieved by tailoring the microstructure and the crystallographic texture to the specific application. However, these advantages must be paid at a price: the large local temperature gradients associated with the rapid melting and solidification produce parts that inherently contain large residual stress in the as-manufactured state. In addition, the presence of pores in the final part may further affect the in-service part failure. As among Nickel-based alloys Inconel 718 exhibits excellent weldability, this alloy has been widely studied in open research in the domain of LPBF. However, significant microsegregation of the heavier alloying elements such as Niobium and Molybdenum accompanied by dislocation entanglements may preclude the application of conventional heat treatment schedules. Therefore, different post processing heat treatments are required for laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 as compared to conventional variants of the same alloy. &#13;
In this study, we investigated two different heat treatment routes for LPBF Inconel 718. In a first routine, the samples were stress relieved and subsequently subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) followed by a solution heat treatment and a two-step age (referred to as FHT). In a second routine, the samples were subjected to a single-step direct age post stress relieving heat treatment (referred to DA). We investigated the consequences of such heat treatment schedules on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical behavior. We show that by applying a DA heat treatment the typical columnar microstructure possessing a crystallographic texture is retained, while an equiaxed untextured microstructure prevails in case of an FHT heat treatment. We further evaluate how these heat treatments affect the mechanical behaviour on the macroscopic and microscopic scale.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th European Symposium on Superalloys and their Applications EuroSuperalloys 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bamberg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">18.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Jakob Schröder</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electron Backscatter Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical Behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat Treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-Ray Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53301</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">On the influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Since additive manufacturing processes typically introduce heterogeneous microstructures and residual stresses, the applicability of parts produced in an as-built state is limited. Therefore, often different post-processing treatments are necessary to obtain the desired stress state and properties.&#13;
For additively manufactured Inconel 718, the recently developed standard ASTM F3301 provides guidance for the heat treatment of powder bed fusion specimens. Although this standard is based on standards developed for wrought Inconel 718, it does not include the direct aging variant. In this study, we characterized the microstructure and tensile behavior of Inconel 718 specimens produced by a laser powder bed fusion process. The specimens were heat-treated according to two different routines after stress relieving: a full heat treatment cycle versus a one-step aging process. Differences in the resulting texture and grain morphology were observed. Although these differences prevail, the ex-situ tensile behavior was broadly similar. Minor differences were observed in yield strength and work hardening rate for the direct aged specimen. In order to understand this behavior, investigations with in-situ tensile testing during synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements revealed differences in the load partitioning among different crystal directions. This was attributed to microstructural differences between the heat treatment variants. Further analysis emphasized that the various strengthening mechanisms are present to a different extent depending on the heat-treatment cycle applied. In addition, the elastic anisotropy expressed by the differences in the diffraction elastic constants displayed a dependence on the microstructure. Importantly, a precise knowledge of such constants is indispensable to reliably determine residual stresses in parts.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EUROMAT 2021 - European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Processes</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Jakob Schröder</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electron microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inconel 718</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing (AM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffraction elastic constants (DECs)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64096</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ very high cycle fatigue experiments of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using X-ray computed tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is an invaluable method for evaluating the properties and performance of components both during service and after failure in a non-destructive manner. XCT is particularly useful for the investigation of additively manufactured (AM) components, which often have production defects that are inherent to the manufacturing process, such as lack of fusion defects. Understanding the mechanisms of fatigue crack growth throughout the life cycle of such components is crucial and so to address this need, we designed and performed experiments to investigate the fatigue life and fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V components under very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) testing. The titanium samples were additively manufactured with intentional internal defects to control crack initiation location. XCT of the component was carried out to identify crack initiation sites and characterize the dynamics of crack growth. The findings from this work will benefit industries that rely on the AM of titanium alloys, aiding in the improvement of component design and manufacturing processes.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.15261296</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Alloys for additive manufacturing 2025 (AAMS 2025)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Neuchâtel, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Bardia Hejazi</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Christopher Benz</author>
    <author>Lars Radtke</author>
    <author>Manuela Sander</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Titanium alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Very high-cycle fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65391</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermographic Methods for In-situ Monitoring of Metal-based Additive Manufacturing Processes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing (AM) with metals creates new, exciting opportunities for industrial applications. Especially industries with high relevance for the future like transport and energy benefit from optimized designs and novel materials. However, a reliable in-situ quality assurance for metal AM is still missing while process optimization is slow. This directly hinders the huge potential of metal AM technologies. A promising method to counteract this issue is the investigation of the emitted thermal radiation. It is optimal for monitoring and understanding the thermal history of the high-temperature AM process. The thermal history holds virtually all information about the properties and the quality of the manufactured components. The thermal information is also highly valuable for tuning and validating numerical simulations to gather further insights into the process. Despite this importance, the usage of thermal radiation in commercial AM machines is only marginal (like simple pyrometry or long-time exposure for optical tomography (OT) at a single wavelength). Based on this deficit and potential, this work gives an overview of the research in division “8.3 Thermographic Methods” at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in Berlin, Germany. Different wavelengths of the thermal radiation are investigated: the visible range (VIS), the short-wave infrared (SWIR), and the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) with their respective optimal field of application. Focus lies on laser powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), but directed energy deposition with laser beam (DED-LB/M) is investigated as well. The presented research is performed not only on commercial AM machines, but also on an in-house developed PBF-LB/M research system specifically designed for sensor testing. This ensures an exciting mélange of applied research for industrial applications, and fundamental research for process understanding and validation. Therefore, a crucial contribution to industrial and scientific insights of metal AM is given.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Sim-AM 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Pavia, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Philipp Peter Breese</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Direct energy deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality assurance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Infrared thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65394</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Klein, heiß und schnell: Bestimmung von Realtemperaturen in der metallbasierten additiven Fertigung mittels hyperspektraler Thermografie</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die additive Fertigung von Metallen mittels Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF LB/M) ermöglicht die Herstellung komplexer Geometrien und die Nutzung neuartiger Legierungen. Die dabei lokal im Prozess auftretenden Temperaturverteilungen beeinflussen maßgeblich die Bauteileigenschaften sowie die Entstehung von Defekten wie bspw. Risse und Poren. Eine quantitative Bestimmung der Realtemperaturen ist daher essenziell für Prozessvalidierung und -vergleich sowie die Qualitätssicherung und das Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Vorgänge. Bisherige thermografische Monitoring-Ansätze liefern jedoch meist nur qualitative Informationen. Hintergrund sind die Herausforderungen gegeben durch den Prozess: kleine Schmelzbäder (&lt; 300 µm), hohe Temperaturen (&gt; 2500 K) und hohe Scangeschwindigkeiten (ca. 1 m/s). Zusammen mit den dynamischen Änderungen des Emissionsgrads u.a. durch Phasenübergänge ergeben sich äußerst schwierige Bedingungen für thermografische Messungen.&#13;
Um dieser Herausforderung zu begegnen, verfolgen wir einen neuartigen Ansatz zur hyperspektralen Thermografie, der eine simultane Messung der emittierten Strahlung im kurzwelligen Infrarotbereich (1 bis 1,6 µm) entlang einer Linie bei ca. 20 kHz ermöglicht. Durch die Bewegung des Schmelzbades senkrecht durch die Messlinie kann ein typisches Schmelzbad rekonstruiert werden. Die Temperatur-Emissionsgrad-Separation (TES) erlaubt dabei die Bestimmung von Realtemperaturen und Emissionsgraden basierend auf parametrisierten spektralen Emissionsgradfunktionen sowie radiometrischen Kalibrationen. Die Umsetzung erfolgt an der Forschungsmaschine der BAM „SAMMIE“, die speziell für thermografische Messungen am PBF LB/M-Prozess konzipiert wurde.&#13;
Die Ergebnisse zeigen das Potenzial der hyperspektralen Thermografie zur Erfassung von Realtemperaturen im Prozess. Dies stellt einen wichtigen Schritt zur verbesserten Vergleichbarkeit und Wiederholbarkeit der Fertigung sowie zur Validierung komplexer Simulationen dar. Damit trägt der neuartige Ansatz langfristig zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit und des Verständnisses additiver Fertigungsprozesse bei.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Thermo 25</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Garching bei München, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Philipp Peter Breese</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Infrarot Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Qualitätssicherung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperaturmessung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63914</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Exploring the impact of heat treatment on room and high temperature strength of 316L stainless steel fabricated by PBF-LB</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) enables the fabrication of 316L stainless steel components with superior strength and intricate geometries. The alloy PBF-LB/M/316L features a fully austenitic microstructure with hierarchical characteristics— such as fine dislocation structures, segregated elements, low-angle grain boundaries, and nano-dispersed silicates—that enhance strength and ductility. Additionally, it includes metallurgical defects and residual stresses. Apart from process control, heat treatments (HTs) are used to tailor the microstructure for specific loading conditions. This study investigate the effects of post-processing HTs on the hierarchical microstructure and tensile properties of PBF-LB/M/316L at room and high temperature. The heat treatments, ranging from 400 °C to 900 °C for 1 to 4 hours, focus on sub-recrystallization temperatures to preserve the microstructural hierarchy. The HTs applied had minimal impact on the grain shape, size, or texture of PBF-LB/M/316L. However, significant modifications occurred in the solidification cellular substructure after HTs at 800 °C and 900 °C, when compared to a heat-treated condition at 450 °C. HTs at 800 °C notably decreased dislocation density and enlarged cellular structures, though they remained partially intact. After 1 hour at 900 °C, the cellular substructure dissipated, correlating with a further reduction in dislocation density. These microstructural changes resulted in a decreased yield strength and increased work hardening capacity at both room and high temperature, highlighting the critical link between HT parameters, microstructural evolution, and mechanical performance.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">The 20th International Conference on Strength of Materials (ICSMA 20)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kyoto, Japan</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Patricia Suarez Ocano</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>316L stainless steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatments</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tensile properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60304</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effect of heat treatment on the hierarchical microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M).</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) of AISI 316L stainless steel has gained popularity due to its exceptional capacity to produce complex geometries and hierarchical microstructures, which can increase the yield strength while maintaining good ductility.  Nevertheless, owing to high thermal gradients encountered during the process, the as printed 316L stainless steel often exhibit microstructural heterogeneities and residual stresses, which can limit its performance in demanding environments. Hence, employing heat treatments which balance the reduction of residual stresses while retaining improved static strength may be beneficial in various scenarios and applications. This study investigates the impact of post-processing heat treatments on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel manufactured via PBF-LB/M, along with its correlation with micro-hardness properties. To this end, 6 different heat treatments, i.e., 450 °C for 4h, 700 °C for 1h, 700 °C for 3h, 800 °C for 1h, 800 °C for 3h, and 900 °C for 1h, were applied to different specimens and Vickers hardness measurements (HV1) were performed in all states. At 800 °C, although the cellular structure appears to be retained, there is an observable increase in cellular size. However, while treatments exceeding 900 °C indicate no significant grain growth compared to other conditions, the cellular structure is entirely dissolved, which leads to a reduced Vickers hardness. The effect of the heat treatments on other microstructural features such as grain size and morphology, melt pool boundaries (MPB), crystallographic texture, chemical segregation, dispersoids and phase stability are also discussed in the present work</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Patricia Suárez Ocano</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51923</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>17</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>1038</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Institute of Physics</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Capability of active thermography to detect and localize pores in Metal Additive Manufacturing materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Active thermography is a fast, contactless and non-destructive technique that can be used to detect internal defects in different types of material. Volumetric irregularities such as the presence of pores in materials produced by the Additive Manufacturing processes can strongly affect the thermophysical and the mechanical properties of the final component.&#13;
In this work, an experimental investigation aimed at detecting different pores in a sample made of stainless AISI 316L produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) was carried out using pulsed thermography in reflection mode. The capability of the technique and the adopted setups in terms of geometrical and thermal resolution, acquisition frequency and energy Density of the heating source were assessed to discern two contiguous pores as well as to detect a single pore. Moreover, a quantitative indication about the minimum resolvable pore size among the available and analysed defects was provided. A powerful tool to assess the Limits and the opportunities of the pulsed technique in terms of detectability and localizability was provided by comparing active thermography results to Computed Tomography as well as a related Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to simulate the pulsed heating transfer with Comsol.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IOP conference series: Materials science and engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1088/1757-899X/1038/1/012018</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-519231</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">49th Italian Association for Stress Analysis Conferencee (AIAS 2020)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.09.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung 3.0</licence>
    <author>E. D'Accardi</author>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Rainer Krankenhagen</author>
    <author>D. Palumbo</author>
    <author>U. Galietti</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powderbed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pores</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micro-CT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51923/D_Accardi_2021_IOP_Conf_Ser_Mater_Sci_Eng_1038_012018.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58392</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
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    <title language="eng">Microstructural evolution of PBF-LB/M Inconel 718 during solution-aging heat treatments - an in-situ x-ray diffraction study</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Inconel 718 (IN718) is a traditional age-hardenable nickel-based alloy that has been increasingly processed by additive manufacturing (AM) in recent years. In the as-solidified condition, IN718 exhibits chemical segregation and the undesired Laves phase, requiring a solution annealing (SA) prior to aging. The material produced by AM does not respond to the established thermal routines in the same way as conventionally produced IN718, and there is still no consensus on which routine yields optimal results. This work aims to provide a fundamental understanding of the heat treatment (HT) response by continuously monitoring the microstructural evolution during SA via time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction, complemented by ex-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were produced by laser powder bed fusion to a geometry of 10x20x90 mm³, from which Ø1x5 mm³ cylindric specimens were extracted. Two different scanning strategies – incremental 67° rotations, Rot, and alternating 0°/67° tracks, Alt – were used, leading to two different as-built conditions. 1-hour SAs were carried out in the beamline ID22 of the ESRF at 50 KeV. Two SA temperatures, SA1 = 1020 °C, and SA2 = 1080 °C were tested for each scanning strategy. Data were processed using the software PDIndexer. In the as-built state, all samples showed typical subgrain columnar cell structures with predominant Nb/Mo segregation and Laves phase at the cell walls, as seen by SEM. The Alt scan induced higher intensity on the Laves peaks than the Rot scan, suggesting a greater content of Laves. Chemical homogenization in the SA was largely achieved during the heating ramp (Fig. 1). SA2 eliminated the Laves peaks just before reaching 1080 °C, and mitigated differences between Rot and Alt samples. On the other hand, SA1 induced the precipitation of the generally detrimental δ phase, also observed by SEM. Furthermore, the Rot scan showed higher δ peak intensities than the Alt scan, indicating a higher content of δ in the latter. No signs of recrystallization were observed in any of the investigated SAs.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">FEMS EUROMAT 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Frankfurt a. M., Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.09.2023</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Bruno Ferrari</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-Ray Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inconel 718</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat Treatments</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.5 Materialmodellierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65202</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A unique authenticator for additively manufactured parts derived from their microstructure</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The international research community is currently devoting extensive resources to the development of digital material data spaces and the associated digital twins and product passports of materials and components. A common weak link in these projects to date has been the connection between physical components / samples and their digital data and documents. This is where the concept of the unique identification comes in. Components produced using additive manufacturing can be marked for unique identification and secure authentication [1,2]. Serial numbers and machine-readable codes can be used to identify the component, and link digital product-related data (i.e., a digital product passport) to the actual components. The most prevailing solution consists of local process manipulation, such as printing a quick response (QR) code [3] or a set of blind holes on the surface or the internal cavity of hollow components. However, local manipulation of components may alter the properties, and external tagging features can be altered or even removed by post-processing treatments. &#13;
&#13;
This work provides a new methodology for identification, authentication, and traceability of additively manufactured (AM) components using microstructural features that are unique to each part. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was employed to image the microstructural features of a batch of AlSi10Mg parts.  Based on size and geometry, the most prominent features were selected to create a unique digital authenticator. We implemented a framework in Python using open-access modules that can successfully create a digital object authenticator using the segmented microstructure information from XCT. We show that this method allows to authenticate individual parts from the build job based on its microstructural fingerprint. This is our contribution to enhancing the security and product protection of additively manufactured components.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">FEMS EUROMAT</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Granada, Spain</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Anja Waske</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Authentication</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fingerprint</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65199</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A unique authenticator for additively manufactured parts derived from their microstructure</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Components produced using additive manufacturing can be marked for unique identification and secure authentication [1,2]. Serial numbers and machine-readable codes can be used to identify the component, and link digital product-related data (i.e., a digital product passport) to the actual components. The most prevailing solution consists of local process manipulation, such as printing a quick response (QR) code [3] or a set of blind holes on the surface of the internal cavity of hollow components. However, local manipulation of components may alter the properties, and external tagging features can be altered or even removed by post-processing treatments. This work therefore aims to provide a new methodology for identification, authentication, and traceability of additively manufactured (AM) components using microstructural features that are unique to each part. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was employed to image the microstructural features of AlSi10Mg parts.  Based on size and geometry, the most prominent features were selected to create a unique digital authenticator. We implemented a framework in Python using open-access modules that can successfully create a digital object authenticator using the segmented microstructure information from XCT. The authenticator is stored as a QR code, along with the 3D information of the selected features.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MRS Spring Meeting Seattle</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seattle, WA, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Anja Waske</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fingerprint</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65610</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">X-ray Computed Tomography Image Compression and Denoising with AI</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The ever-growing volume of data in imaging sciences stemming from advancements in imaging technology, necessitates efficient and reliable storage solutions for such large datasets. In this study, we investigated the compression of industrial X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data using deep learning and examined how these compression algorithms affect the quality of the recovered data. To determine best strategies, we investigated two different network architectures with different compression rates. The XCT data used was from a sandstone sample with a complex internal pore network. The quality of the recovered images obtained from the two different deep learning architectures with different compression rates were quantified and compared to the original input data. We showed that the most suitable architecture and compression rate can change, depending on what specific characteristics we would need to preserve for later analysis. The findings presented here can aid scientists in determining the best approaches and strategies for their data storage and analysis requirements.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">BAM AI &amp; ML Symposium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Bardia Hejazi</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Compression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep Learning</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65651</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Untersuchung und Kompensation des Size-of-Source Effektes der Thermografie zur Prozessüberwachung in der metallischen additiven Fertigung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Einsatz der Thermografie zur Prozessüberwachung in der additiven Fertigung von Metallen ist aktueller Schwerpunkt diverser Forschungsprojekte. Prozessbedingt können im Bauteil Risse, innere Spannungen und sonstige interne Fehlerstellen auftreten, deren Entstehung durch wichtige thermische Größen wie Phasenumwandlungstemperaturen, Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten und thermische Gradienten beeinflusst wird. Um diese Einflüsse zu untersuchen, ist eine möglichst genaue Messung dieser Parameter notwendig. &#13;
Neben den häufig betrachteten Einflüssen des Emissionsgrades, der Umgebungstemperatur und der atmosphärischen Absorption besteht ein weiterer Einfluss, hervorgerufen durch das optische System. Der Kameraaufbau, das verwendete Objektiv und Teilchen im Strahlengang können zur Beugung, Streuung, Reflektion und Aberration der elektromagnetischen Strahlung führen, wodurch die thermografische Messung verfälscht wird. Dies ist ein in der Pyrometrie intensiv erforschter Effekt und wird, aufgrund der Abhängigkeit zur betrachteten Objektgröße, als Size-of-Source Effekt bezeichnet und in dieser Arbeit untersucht.&#13;
Im Laser-Pulver-Auftragsschweißen (LPA) wird mittels eines Lasers auf einer Substratplatte ein Schmelzbad erzeugt und durch Einblasen von Metallpulver die lagenweise Fertigung von komplexen Bauteilen ermöglicht. Dabei können, je nach geometrischer Auflösung der Kamera, Größen des Schmelzbades im Bereich weniger Prozente der gesamten Bildfläche auftreten. Aus durchgeführten Referenzmessungen an Schwarzkörperstrahlern kann in der gleichen Größenordnung eine Abweichung der Strahlungswerte im zweistelligen Prozentbereich festgestellt werden. Daher ist in diesem Anwendungsfall der dadurch verursachte Fehler nicht zu vernachlässigen, weshalb auf Basis der Referenzmessungen eine Methode entwickelt wurde, um in Abhängigkeit der Größe des Objektes einen Faktor zur Kompensation des Size-of-Source Effektes zu berechnen.&#13;
In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse dieser im Rahmen des DFG Projektes QT-LPA (Nr. 516965606) durchgeführten Arbeiten präsentiert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP Jahrestagung 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.05.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Alec Hilberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SSE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Size of source Effect</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65652</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Multispektrale Thermografie zur quantitativen Temperaturbestimmung im DED-LB/M Prozess</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Additive Fertigungsverfahren bieten konstruktive Freiheiten, die mit konventionellen Herstellungsverfahren nur schwer zu realisieren sind. Durch die Möglichkeit hochkomplexe Bauteile aus Metall fertigen zu können, stellt die additive Fertigung in vielen Industriezweigen eine vielversprechende Fertigungsalternative da. Allerdings treten prozessbedingt hohe Temperaturgradienten und schnelle Phasenumwandlungen auf, die maßgeblich entscheidend für die Mikrostruktur und die Bildung von internen Spannungen, Rissen und weiteren Defekten sind. Diese Effekte wirken sich direkt auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der gefertigten Bauteile aus und verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit einer zuverlässigen Bauteilprüfung. Dabei sind nachgelagerte Verfahren in der Regel zeit- und kostenaufwändig, weshalb die Anwendung von in-situ Verfahren zur Qualitätssicherung im Fokus diverser Forschungsprojekte steht.&#13;
Die Thermografie erlaubt die orts- und zeitaufgelöste Messung der im Prozess auftretenden Temperaturfelder. Allerdings müssen die tatsächlich gemessenen digitalen Sensorwerte mittels geeigneter radiometrischer Modelle in Temperaturen umgewandelt werden. Da diese Modelle in der Regel auf Basis von Messungen an Schwarzkörperstrahlern kalibriert werden, kann dieses Vorgehen nur zufriedenstellende Werte liefern, sofern der Emissionsgrad des zu messenden Objektes bekannt ist. Während in statischen Anwendungen häufig ein konstanter Materialreferenzwert hinreichend befriedigende Ergebnisse liefert, ist man in der additiven Fertigung mit dem Problem konfrontiert, dass der Emissionsgrad lokal in kürzester Zeit starke Änderungen durchläuft. Beeinflusst wird dieser Effekt unter anderem durch Temperatur, Phasenzustand und Oberflächenzustand.&#13;
Das hier vorgestellte Verfahren nutzt Referenzmessungen des Emissionsgrades in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Winkel und Phasenzustand, um in einem DED-LB/M-Prozess (auch Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen, LPA) sowohl den Emissionsgrad als auch die tatsächliche Temperatur orts- und zeitaufgelöst zu bestimmen. Grundlage hierfür sind multispektrale thermografische Messungen, bei denen (quasi-) synchron in acht unterschiedlichen Wellenlängenbereichen gemessen wird. &#13;
In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse der im Rahmen des DFG-Projektes QT-LPA (Nr. 516965606) durchgeführten Arbeiten präsentiert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Thermo25</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Garching bei München, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.11.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.11.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Alec Hilberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multispektral</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-LB/M</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laserpulverauftragschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64354</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 718 at Room and High Temperature</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The nickel-base superalloy Inconel 718 (IN718) is one of the most commonly used Ni-based superalloys for high temperature structural applications for its remarkable strength, as well as creep, fatigue, and corrosion resistance up to 650 °C. While IN718 has traditionally been employed as cast or wrought material, it is difficult to machine because of its high strength and toughness. The additive manufacturing of IN718 components made by metal AM has thus gained extensive attention to produce expensive near-net shaped components of high-temperature alloys such as IN718, for it saves material and costs in processing and machining steps. Among all metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is the most widespread, IN718 being one of the most common alloys produced with it. However, high cooling rates associated to the PBF-LB/M process, hinders the primary strengthening phases γ’’ and γ’ to form, as these cooling rates induce a dislocation cellular substructure, at which walls primary Laves phases bind segregating Nb, Ti and Mo. Many of the therefore needed heat-treatment strategies can then promote Laves-phase transformation into the stable δ phase along the cell and grain boundaries. Laves and δ phases, as well as grain-boundary primary carbides may have adverse effects on mechanical properties. The mostly needle-shaped δ phase was namely found to have a detrimental effect on creep rupture life while no direct effect on LCF fatigue life was evident. In this work room- and high-temperature (650 °C) low-cycle fatigue behavior of PBF-LB/M IN718 is investigated in the four-step heat-treated state and compared to wrought IN718. The microstructure of both materials is characterized across length scales via microscopy methods. The fatigue life at room temperature of the PBF-LB/M IN718 material is slightly lower than that for the wrought material, which is reversed at 650 °C. The cyclic stress response for both materials is marked by cyclic softening that is more pronounced at higher test temperatures. Multiple secondary cracks form at high strain amplitudes, at both room and high temperatures. High testing temperatures enhance specially crack formation at the transitions of regions between elongated grains and columns of stacked grains with ripple patterns in the PBF-LB/M material. Additional to this behavior, pronounced crack branching and deflection indicate that the cracks are controlled by sharp micromechanical gradients.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EUROMAT 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Granada, Spain</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Leonardo Agudo Jácome</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low-cycle fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructural characterization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ni-base superalloy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65738</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Effect of the powder composition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing (AM) has seen rapid growth in recent decades, with Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) emerging as the leading technique for producing high-density, geometrically complex metal parts. Austenitic stainless steel 316L is one of the most studied alloys for PBF-LB/M due to its excellent strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance [1]. The microstructure formed during PBF-LB/M processing can improve certain mechanical properties compared to conventionally manufactured 316L [2]. &#13;
However, the current 316L standards allow broad ranges for key alloying elements, particularly Cr and Ni. While such variations have little effect on conventionally produced alloys, emerging evidence shows that they can markedly alter the microstructure and mechanical properties in PBF-LB/316L—even within specification limits [3]. This study investigates through microstructural and thermodynamical assessment, how two powders of nominally standard 316L composition (Alloys A and B) respond to identical PBF-LB/M processing parameters. Despite identical printing conditions, Alloy A exhibited&#13;
twice the grain size and five times higher low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) density compared to Alloy B . Conversely, Alloy B showed a significantly higher density of Σ3 twin boundaries, nearly absent in Alloy A. These microstructural differences are attributed primarily to variations in Cr and Ni content in the liquid, which may influence icosahedral short-range ordering (ISRO) mechanism [4]. ISRO potentially facilitates twin boundary formation, ultimately refining grain structure [5]. This work highlights the critical impact of compositional control on final part microstructures and consequent mechanical properties and emphasizes the need to reassess compositional tolerances for AM-specific applications.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">5th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing (Additive 2026)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kassel, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.03.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.03.2026</enrichment>
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    <author>Patricia Suarez Ocano</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>316L stainless steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical composition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lcosahedral short-range ordering mechanism</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain size</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
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