<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>64167</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>1332</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Institute of Physics</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London [u.a.]</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of laser power on the melt pool shape of handheld laser beam welding of 1.5 mm thick micro alloyed steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Manual welding of structures requires highly skilled welders due to the large heat-affected zone of arc-based processes, that can negatively impact microstructure and cause distortion. Handheld laser beam welding is a promising alternative with high welding velocity and a concentrated heat input. However, its current use in industry is limited to parts with aesthetic requirements, often made of high-alloyed steel. To extend the use of handheld laser beam welding to low-cost steels with good mechanical properties, this study investigates the influence of laser power on the melt pool shape for micro-alloyed steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Tested joint geometries are T-joints welded with filler wire as well as butt joints and overlap joints without filler wire, which are typically found in assemblies under mechanical load. Weld quality is assessed by weld porosity analysis. The results show that the handheld laser beam welding with filler wire produces T-joints with a very good external appearance, but with porosity between level C and D in the cross sections according to DIN EN ISO 13919-1. By increasing the laser power, a deep penetration of the T-joint zone can be achieved without increasing the actual throat thickness. For handheld laser beam welding of butt joints a full penetration weld of the highest quality class can be reached. Overlap joints can be welded with full or partial penetration depending on the laser power selected, with quality classes between B and C in terms of porosity.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 1332, 20th Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference 26/08/2025 - 28/08/2025 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1088/1757-899X/1332/1/012015</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1757-899X</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-641671</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">20th Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kongens Lyngby, Denmark</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.08.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.08.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Raphael Marquardt</author>
    <author>Max Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hand held laser welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low alloyed steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process parameter</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64167/Marquardt_2025_IOP_Conf._Ser.__Mater._Sci._Eng._1332_012015.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64169</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of laser power on the melt pool shape of handheld laser beam welding of 1.5 mm thick micro alloyed steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Manual welding of structures requires highly skilled welders due to the large heat-affected zone of arc-based processes, that can negatively impact microstructure and cause distortion. Handheld laser beam welding is a promising alternative with high welding velocity and a concentrated heat input. However, its current use in industry is limited to parts with aesthetic requirements, often made of high-alloyed steel. To extend the use of handheld laser beam welding to low-cost steels with good mechanical properties, this study investigates the influence of laser power on the melt pool shape for micro-alloyed steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Tested joint geometries are T-joints welded with filler wire as well as butt joints and overlap joints without filler wire, which are typically found in assemblies under mechanical load. Weld quality is assessed by weld porosity analysis. The results show that the handheld laser beam welding with filler wire produces T-joints with a very good external appearance, but with porosity between level C and D in the cross sections according to DIN EN ISO 13919-1. By increasing the laser power, a deep penetration of the T-joint zone can be achieved without increasing the actual throat thickness. For handheld laser beam welding of butt joints a full penetration weld of the highest quality class can be reached. Overlap joints can be welded with full or partial penetration depending on the laser power selected, with quality classes between B and C in terms of porosity.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">20th Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kongens Lyngby, Denmark</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.08.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.08.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Raphael Marquardt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hand held laser welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low alloyed steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process parameter</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55226</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>researchdata</type>
    <publisherName>Zenodo</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Geneva</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">weldx - welding data exchange format</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Scientific welding data covers a wide range of physical domains and timescales and are measured using various different sensors. Complex and highly specialized experimental setups at different welding institutes complicate the exchange of welding research data further. The WelDX research project aims to foster the exchange of scientific data inside the welding community by developing and establishing a new open source file format suitable for the documentation of experimental welding data and upholding associated quality standards. In addition to fostering scientific collaboration inside the national and international welding community an associated advisory committee will be established to oversee the future development of the file format. The proposed file format will be developed with regard to current needs of the community regarding interoperability, data quality and performance and will be published under an appropriate open source license. By using the file format objectivity, comparability and reproducibility across different experimental setups can be improved.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.6563282</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ScientificResourceTypeGeneral">Software</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificGeolocation">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://www.bam.de/weldx</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://github.com/BAMWelDX/weldx/tree/v0.6.1</enrichment>
    <licence>The 2-Clause BSD License</licence>
    <author>Çağtay Fabry</author>
    <author>Volker Hirthammer</author>
    <author>Martin K. Scherer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Research data management</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Open science</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Open Data</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WelDX</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Forschungsdatensätze der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50877</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Geometric distortion-compensation via transient numerical simulation for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Components distort during directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) due to the repeated localised heating. Changing the geometry in such a way that distortion causes it to assume the desired shape – a technique called distortion-compensation – is a promising method to reach geometrically accurate parts. Transient numerical simulation can be used to generate the compensated geometries and severely reduce the amount of necessary experimental trials. This publication demonstrates the simulation-based generation of a distortioncompensated DED build for an industrial-scale component. A transient thermo-mechanical approach is extended for large parts and the accuracy is demonstrated against 3d-scans. The calculated distortions are inverted to derive the compensated geometry and the distortions after a single compensation iteration are reduced by over 65%.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sience and Technology of Welding and Joining</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/13621718.2020.1743927</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.06.2020</enrichment>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>B. Elsner</author>
    <author>B. Graf</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dimensional accuracy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser metal deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LMD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51318</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>248</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>259</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>75</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Carl Hanser Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of the Application of a C-ring Geometry to validate the Stress Relief Heat Treatment Simulation of Additive Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steel Parts via Displacement</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Directed energy deposition is a metal additive manufacturing process that builds parts by joining material in a layer-by-layer fashion on a substrate. Those parts are exposed to rapid thermo-cycles which cause steep stress gradients and the layer-upon-layer manufacturing fosters an anisotropic microstructure, therefore stress relief heat treatment is necessary. The numerical simulation can be used to find suitable parameters for the heat treatment and to reduce the necessary efforts to perform an effective stress relieving. Suitable validation Experiments are necessary to verify the results of the numerical simulation.&#13;
In this paper, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical model is used to simulate the heat treatment of an additive manufactured component to investigate the application of a C-ring geometry for the distortion-based validation of the numerical simulation.&#13;
Therefore, the C-ring samples were 3D scanned using a structured light 3D scanner to quantify the distortion after each process step.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3139/105.110417</identifier>
    <author>B. El-Sari</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Directed energy deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52902</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>370</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Vorteile und Herausforderungen dynamischer Parameterstudien beim Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing von Al-Mg-Si-Legierungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Einsatz von Aluminiumlegierungen als Konstruktionswerkstoff hat in den letzten Jahren stetig zugenommen. Insbesondere höherfeste Aluminiumlegierungen, wie die Vertreter der 6000’er Aluminiumgruppe, rücken Aufgrund ihres hervorragenden Festigkeits- / Gewichtsverhältnisses immer mehr in den Fokus.&#13;
Vertreter dieser Aluminiumklasse, die als Hauptlegierungselemente Magnesium und Silizium beinhalten, weisen neben der bei allen Aluminiumlegierungen präsenten Affinität zur Porenbildung zusätzlich eine ausgeprägte Heißrissanfälligkeit auf. Die additive Verarbeitung von Al-Mg-Si-Legierungen mittels MSG Verfahren gestaltet sich daher herausfordernd.&#13;
Neben der Schweißeignung ist die geometrische Gestalt der Schweißraupe für die additive Fertigung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Spurbreite und Spurhöhe sind maßgebliche Größen, die bei der Pfadgenerierung im Hinblick auf Endkonturnähe und der Vermeidung von Ungänzen, Poren und Bildefehlern  zu beachten sind.&#13;
Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing von Al-Mg-Si-Legierungen einen Ansatz, mit dem es möglich ist, zeit- und kostenintensive vollfaktorielle Parameterstudien zum Erhalt von Spurgeometrie und Schweißqualität durch dynamische Parameterstudien zu ersetzen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS-Berichte</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-141-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">41. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Magdeburg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">04.09.2020</enrichment>
    <author>R. Winterkorn</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WAAM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53970</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>43</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>51</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">High-power laser beam welding for thick section steels – new perspectives using electromagnetic systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In recent years, it was shown that the introduction of additional oscillating and permanent magnetic fields to laser beam and laser-arc hybrid welding can bring several beneficial effects.&#13;
Examples are a contactless weld pool support for metals of high thickness suffering from severe drop-out when being welded conventionally or an enhanced stirring to improve the mixing of added filler material in the depth of the weld pool to guarantee homogeneous resulting mechanical properties of the weld. The latest research results show the applicability to various metal types over a wide range of thicknesses and welding conditions. The observations made were demonstrated in numerous experimental studies and a deep understanding of the interaction of the underlying physical mechanisms was extracted from numerical calculations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/13621718.2021.1999763</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">13.12.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electromagnetic support</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53979</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Elektronenstrahl schweißt additiv gefertigte Nickel-Superlegierungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Additive Fertigung ist ideal zur Herstellung und Reparatur komplexer Bauteile aus hochfesten Werkstoffen. Doch es fehlen Fügeverfahren, die Heißrisse vermeiden. Die Lösung heißt &#13;
Elektronenstrahl.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">MM Maschinenmarkt</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>J. Raute</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53689</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>10649</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>195</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effects on crack formation of additive manufactured Inconel 939 sheets during electron beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The potential of additive manufacturing for processing precipitation hardened nickel-base superalloys, such as Inconel 939 is considerable, but in order to fully exploit this potential, fusion welding capabilities for additive parts need to be explored. Currently, it is uncertain how the different properties from the additive manufacturing process will affect the weldability of materials susceptible to hot cracking. Therefore, this work investigates the possibility of joining additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys using electron beam welding. In particular,&#13;
the influence of process parameters on crack formation is investigated. In addition, hardness measurements are performed on cross-sections of the welds. It is shown that cracks at the seam head are enhanced by Welding speed and energy per unit length and correlate with the hardness of the weld metal. Cracking parallel to the weld area shows no clear dependence on the process variables that have been investigated, but is related to the hardness of the heat-affected zone.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Vaccum</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110649</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0042-207X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">30.12.2021</enrichment>
    <author>J. Raute</author>
    <author>T. Jokisch</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electron beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hot Cracks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Superalloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inconel 939</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53974</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation on laser cladding of rail steel without preheating</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The contact between train wheels and rail tracks is known to induce material degradation in the form of wear, and rolling contact fatigue in the railhead. Rails with a pearlitic microstructure have proven to provide the best wear resistance under severe wheel-rail interaction in heavy haul applications. High speed laser cladding, a state-of-the-art surface engineering technique, is a promising solution to repair damaged railheads. However, without appropriate preheating or processing strategies, the utilized steel grades lead to martensite formation and cracking during deposition welding.&#13;
In this study, laser cladding of low-alloy steel at very high speeds was investigated, without preheating the railheads. Process speeds of up to 27 m/min and laser power of 2 kW are used. The clad, heat affected zone and base material are examined for cracks and martensite formation by hardness tests and metallographic inspections. A methodology for process optimization is presented and the specimens are characterized for suitability. Within the resulting narrow HAZ, the hardness could be significantly reduced.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Erlangen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Chr. Brunner-Schwer</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High speed laser cladding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Preheatin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rail tracks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pearlitic microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57322</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>164</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName>Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendungen</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Qualifizierung der instrumentierten Eindringprüfung zur Kennwertermittlung für hochfeste Stähle mit Schweißungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Einsatz von hochfesten Stählen im Karosseriebereich des Automobilbaus hat während der letzten Jahre stark zugenommen. Hierzu zählen Dual- und Komplexphasenstähle, welche durch Kombination unterschiedlicher Gefügebestandteile auch deren Vorteile kombinieren, sowie TRIP  (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) und Mangan-Bor Stähle, welche sehr gute Umformeigenschaften mit hohen Festigkeiten durch Martensitbildung bei der Umformung kombinieren. TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) Stähle erreichen ähnliche Effekte durch forcierte Zwillingsbildung.&#13;
Die Ursachen für den Einsatz dieser Stähle liegen in dem Potential dieser Materialien zur Gewichts- und Kostenreduzierung, bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der Fahrgastsicherheit. Auf Grund der prinzipiell gegebenen Schweißeignung dieser Stähle, werden die klassischen Fügeverfahren im Karosseriebau wie das kostengünstige und effektive Widerstandspunktschweißen, das Metall-Schutzgas (MSG)-Schweißen oder das Laserschweißen angewendet. Allerdings treten teilweise Herausforderungen, beispielsweise durch Gefügeveränderungen in den Fügestellen auf, die zu ungewollten Aufhärtungen oder Erweichungen führen.&#13;
In diesem Projekt wird ein Verfahren entwickelt, mit welchem die lokalen Werkstoffeigenschaften von im Automobilbau typischen Werkstoffen und deren Fügestellen bestimmt werden können. Relevante Kennwerte sind in erster Linie das SpannungsDehnungs-Verhalten der verschiedenen Zonen einer Schweißverbindung; relevante Zonen wiederum sind neben dem Grundwerkstoff die Wärmeeinflusszone und das Schweißgut. Zu diesem Zweck wird das Verfahren der instrumentierten Eindringprüfung für den Einsatz bei hochfesten Stählen weiterentwickelt. Zunächst werden hierzu Zugversuche an  einfachen Grundwerkstoffgeometrien durchgeführt. Im Anschluss wird die optische Dehnungsfeldmessung an stark taillierten, geschweißten Zugversuchsproben durchgeführt.&#13;
Die Taillierung dient dem Zweck, die WEZ auch mittels WPS über den gesamten Querschnitt der Probe erzeugen zu können, bzw. im Versuch auch Dehnungen in den relevanten Bereichen herbeizuführen.&#13;
Das im Projekt angewendete Auswerteverfahren, welches auf nichtlinearen Regressionsmodellen in Form von künstlichen, neuronalen Netzwerken beruht, ermöglicht die Vorhersage des Festigkeitsverhaltens des Werkstoffes anhand der gemessenen Krafteindringwegdaten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e. V.</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-946885-98-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>E. Javaheri</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eindringprüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Stahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prüfverfahren</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57320</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>385</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Untersuchung zum Elektronenstrahlschweißen von additiv gefertigtem Inconel 939</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Hochfeste Nickelbasislegierungen wie Inconel 939 spielen eine wesentliche Rolle im modernen Turbinenbau. Additive Fertigungstechnologien eröffnen hierbei neue Möglichkeiten für die Verarbeitung, jedoch fehlen verlässliche Fügeprozesse für die Absicherung der additiven Prozesskette im Bereich Neuteilfertigung und Instandsetzung. Insbesondere Heißrisse stellen eine große Herausforderung an die Fügetechnik. Die vorliegende Untersuchung befasst sich daher mit dem Verhalten von additiv gefertigten Blechen aus Inconel 939 beim Elektronenstrahlschweißen. Es werden grundlegende Zusammenhänge zwischen Prozessparametern, Härte und Rissneigung betrachtet und Ansätze für eine Optimierung auf Basis statistischer Versuchsplanung aufgezeigt. Hierbei erfolgt eine Einteilung der Risse nach bestimmten Nahtbereichen. Risse am Nahtkopf können durch die Faktoren Vorschub und Streckenenergie sowie die Härte des Schweißgutes beeinflusst werden. Risse im Bereich der parallelen Nahtflanken stehen hingegen im Zusammenhang mit der Härte der Wärmeinflusszone. Ein abschließender Vergleich der angepassten Parameter mit der Ausgangssituation zeigt, dass durch Anwendung der statistischen Optimierung eine deutliche Reduzierung der Rissneigung erreicht werden kann.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS-Berichte: Band 385</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-210-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">42. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Beverungen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.10.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.10.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>J. Raute</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elektronenstrahlschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schweißnahtbewertung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53976</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>785</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>789</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Verbesserung der Vorhersagegüte von künstlichen neuronalen Netzen zum Widerstandspunktschweißen  durch Auswertung des dynamischen Widerstands</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das Widerstandspunktschweißen ist ein etabliertes Fügeverfahren in der Automobilindustrie. Es wird vor allem bei der Herstellung sicherheitsrelevanter Bauteile, zum Beispiel der Karosserie, eingesetzt. Daher ist eine kontinuierliche Prozessüberwachung unerlässlich, um die hohen Qualitätsanforderungen zu erfüllen. Künstliche neuronale Netzalgorithmen können zur Auswertung der Prozessparameter und -signale eingesetzt werden, um die individuelle Schweißpunktqualität zu gewährleisten. Die Vorhersagegenauigkeit solcher Algorithmen hängt von dem zur Verfügung gestellten Trainingsdatensatz ab. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, inwieweit die Vorhersagegüte eines künstlichen neuronalen Netzes durch Auswertung einer Prozessgröße, dem dynamischen Widerstand, verbessert werden kann.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Schweißen und Schneiden</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>B. El-Sari</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Künstliche Intelligenz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Qualität</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neuronales Netz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Widerstandspunktschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53967</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>132</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>140</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>370</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS MEdia</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">In-situ Prozessüberwachung beim Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (LPA) mittels Thermografie, optischer Emissionsspektroskopie (OES) und Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Vor allem in den letzten Jahren ist das Interesse der Industrie an der additiven Fertigung deutlich gestiegen. Die Vorteile dieser Verfahren sind zahlreich und ermöglichen eine ressourcenschonende, kundenorientierte Fertigung von Bauteilen, welche zur stetigen Entwicklung neue Anwendungsbereiche und Werkstoffe führen. Aufgrund der steigenden Anwendungsfälle, nimmt auch der Wunsch nach Betriebssicherheit unabhängig von anschließenden kostenintensiven zerstörenden und zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren zu. Zu diesem Zweck werden im Rahmen des von der BAM durchgeführten Themenfeldprojektes „Prozessmonitoring in Additive Manufacturing“ verschiedenste Verfahren auf ihre Tauglichkeit für den in-situ Einsatz bei der Prozessüberwachung in der additiven Fertigung untersucht. Hier werden drei dieser in-situ Verfahren, die Thermografie, die optische Emissionsspektroskopie und die Schallmissionsanalyse für den Einsatz beim Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen betrachtet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">41. Assistentenseminar der Füge- und Schweißtechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-141-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">41. Assistentenseminar der Füge- und Schweißtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Magdeburg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">04.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Anne Straße</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Giuseppe Pignatelli</author>
    <author>Igor B. Gornushkin</author>
    <author>Franziska Baensch</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (LPA)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermographie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optische Emissionsspektroskopie (OES)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54067</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Analysis and recycling of bronze grinding waste to produce maritime components using directed energy deposition</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing promises a high potential for the maritime sector. Directed Energy Deposition (DED) in particular offers the opportunity to produce large-volume maritime components like propeller hubs or blades without the need of a costly casting process. The post processing of such components usually generates a large amount of aluminum bronze grinding waste. The aim of the presented project is to develop a sustainable circular AM process chain for maritime components by recycling aluminum bronze grinding waste to be used as raw material to manufacture ship Propellers with a laser-powder DED process. In the present paper, grinding waste is investigated using a dynamic image Analysis system and compared to commercial DED powder. To be able to compare the material quality and to verify DED process parameters, semi-academic sample geometries are manufactured.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">LiM 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>V. Müller</author>
    <author>A. Marko</author>
    <author>T. Kruse</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Maritime Components</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder Analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Recycling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Directed Energy Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54057</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>54</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>55</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Schweißen unter Zug – LME-Eingangsprüfung für die Autoindustrie</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Trend zum Leichtbau und die Transformation zur E-Mobilität in der&#13;
Automobilindustrie befeuern die Entwicklung neuer hochfester Stähle für den Karosseriebau. Derartige Werkstoffe sind beim Widerstandspunktschweißen besonders rissanfällig (LME). Das Schweißen unter Zug stellt eine effektive Methode um die LME-Anfälligkeit unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe qualitativ zu bestimmen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Blechnet</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>B. El-Sari</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>F. Finus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automobilindustrie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Widerstandspunktschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Metal Embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zinkbeschichtung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Stahl</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54061</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Validierung von Methoden zur Vermeidung von Liquid Metal Embrittlement an realitätsnahen Prinzipbauteilen (IGF 21483 BG / P 1488)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Ziel des Forschungsprojekts ist es, eine Korrelation zwischen Gleeble-Heißzug-Prüfverfahren und Widerstandspunktschweiß-basierten Prüfverfahren herzustellen. Es soll die Effektivität von Methoden zu Vermeidung von Liquid Metal Embrittlement an realitätsnahen Prinzipbauteilen bewertet werden. Weiterhin soll Kenntnis über Auswirkungen von LME Rissen auf das Tragverhalten von realitätsnahen Prinzipbauteilen gewonnen werden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">30. Schweißtechnische Fachtagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Barleben, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.10.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>M. Meyerdierks</author>
    <author>V. Schreiber</author>
    <author>Ch. Böhne</author>
    <author>S. Jüttner</author>
    <author>G. Meschut</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Metal Embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gleeble</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heißzug</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Widerstandpunktschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flüssigmetallversprödung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56673</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>169</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>181</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wärmebehandlung und Werkstofftechnik e. V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bremen</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Lichtbogenbasierte additive Fertigung dickwandiger Strukturen aus einer höherfesten Al-Mg-Si-Aluminiumlegierungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die lichtbogenbasierte, additive Fertigung ist dank hoher erreichbarer Aufbauraten und nahezu uneingeschränktem Bauraum zur Fertigung großvolumiger Bauteile prädestiniert. Die Kombination etablierter Maschinenkomponenten aus Robotertechnik, Schweißtechnik und Sensorik ermöglicht den präzisen schichtweisen Materialauftrag. Die Wirkmechanismen zwischen Prozessparametern und den daraus resultierenden mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften der additiv gefertigten Bauteile stellen eine Herausforderung dar. Dies gilt insbesondere auch für dickwandige Bauteile. Bei der Fertigung von Bauteilen aus höherfesten Al-Mg-Si-Aluminiumlegierungen ist aufgrund der hohen Anfälligkeit für Erstarrungsrisse und der Neigung zu wasserstoffinduzierter Porosität im besonderen Maße auf das Temperaturregime und die gewählte Aufbaustrategie zu achten.&#13;
Der Einfluss der Prozessparameter auf die Bauteilqualität wurde durch die Analyse der Größe und Verteilung von Poren sowie der resultierenden Festigkeit untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde der Einfluss einer Wärmenachbehandlungsstrategien auf das Festigkeitsverhalten analysiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass dickwandige Strukturen aus höherfesten Al-Mg-Si-Aluminiumlegierungen mit mechanischen Kennwerten im Bereich des Referenzmaterials mittels MSGLichtbogenverfahren additiv gefertigt werden können.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">AWT Fachkonferenz 2022 Additive Fertigung Werkstoffe – Prozesse – Wärmebehandlung</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Additive Fertigung – Werkstoffe – Prozesse – Wärmebehandlung 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bremen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>René Winterkorn</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WAAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al-Mg-Si-Legierungen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosität</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wärmenachbehandlung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanisch technologische Kennwerte</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59118</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>28</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>33</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Kupferverband e. V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Wire Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing von niedriglegierten Zinnbronzen – Erreichbare Bauteileigenschaften und Prozessmerkmale</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Additive Fertigung gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung für die Verarbeitung von Kupferwerkstoffen im industriellen Umfeld. Hierbei wird verstärkt auf drahtförmige Ausgangswerkstoffe gesetzt, da diese Vorteile im Handling bieten, bereits aus der Schweißtechnik bekannt sind und sich zumeist durch geringere Beschaffungskosten auszeichnen. In den letzten Jahren entwickelte sich unter den drahtbasierten Verfahren der Directed-Energy-Deposition (DED) eine Prozessvariante unter Nutzung des Elektronenstrahls zur industriellen Marktreife. Dabei zeigt die Technologie Wire Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (DED-EB) besondere Vorteile gegenüber anderen DED-Prozessen für die Anwendung an Kupfer. Um das Verfahren einem breiten Anwenderkreis in der Industrie zugänglich zu machen, fehlen jedoch Daten zu Leistungsfähigkeit, Prozessgrenzen und Anwendungsmöglichkeit- en. Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit dieser Problemstellung am Beispiel der Legierung CuSn1MnSi. Über mehrstufige Testschweißungen werden die physikalisch möglichen Prozessgrenzen ermittelt und Rückschlüsse über die Eignung der Parameter zum additiven Aufbau gezogen. An verschiedenen additiv gefertigten Probekörpern werden anschließend Kennwerte für Aufbaurate, Härte, Mikrostruktur, Oberflächenqualität sowie mechanische Festigkeitswerte ermittelt. Es zeigt sich, dass das die durch DED-EB hergestellten Proben, trotz des groben Gefüges sowie der thermischen Belastung im Aufbauprozess, in ihren Eigenschaften gut mit den Spezifikationen des Ausgangsmaterials übereinstimmen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Kupfer-Symposium 2023 Vortragsband</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-910411-03-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Kupfersymposium 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Jena, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>J. Raute</author>
    <author>G. Seitz</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wire Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-EB</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CuSn1</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59116</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen von funktional gradierten Materialien auf Cobalt-Chrom Basis</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Um Bauteile vor Verschleiß und Korrosion zu schützen werden Beschichtungen aus resistenteren Materialien aufgetragen. Hierzu zählen unter anderen die Legierungen auf Cobalt-Chrom Basis. Der diskrete Materialsprung ist jedoch unter thermischen und mechanischen Belastungen häufig Ursache für das Versagen der Beschichtung. In dieser Arbeit werden daher Materialgradierungen von verschiedenen Stahllegierungen zu einer Cobalt-Chrom Basislegierung untersucht. Die Ergebnissen werden dafür auch mit Resultaten zu vorangegangenen Untersuchungen verglichen. Kern der Arbeit bilden geätzte Schliffbilder der Materialpaarungen und Auswertungen mittels Farbeindringprüfung sowie die metallografische Bestimmung der Porosität. Ziel der Arbeit ist ein defektfreier Aufbau der funktional gradierten Materialpaarungen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">43. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-212-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">43. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Päwesin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>R. Marquardt</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Directed Enery Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Funktionally Graded Material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FGM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55600</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>197-s</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>207-s</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>101</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Welding Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, NY [u.a.]</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The Influence of Electrode Indentation Rate on LME Formation during RSW</title>
    <abstract language="eng">During resistance spot welding of zinc-coated advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) for automotive production, liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking may occur in the event of a combination of various unfavorable influences. In this study, the interactions of different welding current levels and weld times on the tendency for LME cracking in third-generation AHSSs were investigated. LME manifested itself as high penetration cracks around the circumference of the spot welds for welding currents closely below the expulsion limit. At the same time, the observed tendency for LME cracking showed no direct correlation with the overall heat input of the investigated welding processes. To identify a reliable indicator of the tendency for LME cracking, the local strain rate at the origin of the observed cracks was analyzed over the course of the welding process via finite element simulation. While the local strain rate showed a good correlation with the process-specific LME cracking tendency, it was difficult to interpret due to its discontinuous course. Therefore, based on the experimental measurement of electrode displacement during welding, electrode indentation velocity was proposed as a descriptive indicator for quantifying cracking tendency.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.29391/2022.101.015</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2296</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>C. Böhne</author>
    <author>G. Meschut</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crack</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Resistance Spot Welding (RSW)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Advanced High-Strength Steel (AHSS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding Current</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat Input</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51254</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>155</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>160</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>94</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In situ heat accumulation by geometrical features obstructing heat flux and by reduced inter layer times in laser powder bed fusion of AISI 316L stainless steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Material qualification for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processes are often based on results derived from additively manufactured (AM) bulk material or small density cubes, although it is well known that the part geometry has a tremendous influence on the heat flux and, therefore, on the thermal history of an AM component. This study shows experimentally the effect of simple geometrical obstructions to the heat flux on cooling behavior and solidification conditions of 316L stainless steel processed by L-PBF. Additionally, it respects two distinct inter layer times (ILT) as well as the build height of the parts. The cooling behavior of the parts is in-situ traced by infrared (IR) thermography during the built-up. The IR signals reveal significant differences in cooling conditions, which are correlated to differences in melt pool geometries. The acquired data and results can be used for validation of computational models and improvements of quality assurance.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.030</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-512549</identifier>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective laser beam melting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Melt pool depth</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inter layer time</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ppreheating temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51254/1-s2.0-S2212827120312154-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50241</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>103</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, Schweiz</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-Situ Defect Detection in Laser Powder Bed Fusion by Using Thermography and Optical Tomography—Comparison to Computed Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Among additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most important technologies to produce metallic components. The layer-wise build-up of components and the complex process conditions increase the probability of the occurrence of defects. However, due to the iterative nature of its manufacturing process and in contrast to conventional manufacturing technologies such as casting, L-PBF offers unique opportunities for in-situ monitoring. In this study, two cameras were successfully tested simultaneously as a machine manufacturer independent process monitoring setup: a high-frequency infrared camera and a camera for long time exposure, working in the visible and infrared spectrum and equipped with a near infrared filter. An AISI 316L stainless steel specimen with integrated artificial defects has been monitored during the build. The acquired camera data was compared to data obtained by computed tomography. A promising and easy to use examination method for data analysis was developed and correlations between measured signals and defects were identified. Moreover, sources of possible data misinterpretation were specified. Lastly, attempts for automatic data analysis by data Integration are presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metals</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/met10010103</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-502417</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.03.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Ph. Heinrich</author>
    <author>D. Baum</author>
    <author>Christiane Maierhofer</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective laser melting (SLM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing (AM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Infrared thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography (CT)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lack-of-fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50241/In-Situ Defect Detection in Laser Powder Bed Fusion.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50330</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>101080-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>101080-13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>32</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effects of inter layer time and build height on resulting properties of 316L stainless steel processed by laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is the most prominent additive manufacturing (AM) technology for metal part production. Among the high number of factors influencing part quality and mechanical properties, the inter layer time (ILT) between iterative melting of volume elements in subsequent layers is almost completely unappreciated in the relevant literature on L-PBF. This study investigates the effect of ILT with respect to build height and under distinct levels of volumetric energy density (VED) using the example of 316L stainless steel. In-situ thermography is used to gather information on cooling conditions during the process, which is followed by an extensive metallographic analysis. Significant effects of ILT and build height on heat accumulation, sub-grain sizes, melt pool geometries and hardness are presented. Furthermore, the rise of defect densities can be attributed to a mutual interplay of build height and ILT. Hence, ILT has been identified as a crucial factor for L-PBF of real part components especially for those with small cross sections.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Additive manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.addma.2020.101080</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-503300</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2214-8604</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.05.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam melting (LBM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective laser melting (SLM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dwell-time</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50330/Mohr_Altenburg_Hilgenberg_Effects_of_Inter_Layer_Times_LPBF.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51614</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1546</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, Schweiz</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental Determination of the Emissivity of Powder Layers and Bulk Material in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Using Infrared Thermography and Thermocouples</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Recording the temperature distribution of the layer under construction during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is of utmost interest for a deep process understanding as well as for quality assurance and in situ monitoring means. While having a notable number of thermal monitoring approaches in additive manufacturing (AM), attempts at temperature calibration and emissivity determination are relatively rare. This study aims for the experimental temperature adjustment of an off-axis infrared (IR) thermography setup used for in situ thermal data acquisition in L-PBF processes. The temperature adjustment was conducted by means of the so-called contact method using thermocouples at two different surface conditions and two different materials: AISI 316L L-PBF bulk surface, AISI 316L powder surface, and IN718 powder surface. The apparent emissivity values for the particular setup were determined. For the first time, also corrected, closer to real emissivity values of the bulk or powder surface condition are published. In the temperature region from approximately 150 °C to 580 °C, the corrected emissivity was determined in a range from 0.2 to 0.25 for a 316L L-PBF bulk surface, in a range from 0.37 to 0.45 for 316L powder layer, and in a range from 0.37 to 0.4 for IN718 powder layer.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metals</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/met10111546</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-516148</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.12.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Susanna Nowakowski</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Christiane Maierhofer</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Emisssivity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective Laser Melting (SLM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing (AM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Infrared thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51614/metals-10-01546.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52014</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>QIRT Council</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Quebec, Canada</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermography in laser powder bed fusion of metals: time over threshold as feasible feature in thermographic data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Thermography is one on the most promising techniques for in-situ monitoring of metal additive manufacturing processes. Especially in laser powder bed fusion processes, the high process dynamics and the strong focus of the laser beam cause a very complex thermal history within the produced specimens, such as multiple heating cycles within single layer expositions. This complicates data interpretation, e.g., in terms of cooling rates. A quantity that is easily calculated is the time a specific area of the specimen is at a temperature above a chosen threshold value (TOT). Here, we discuss variations occurring in time-over-threshold-maps during manufacturing of an almost defect free cuboid specimen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of Conference QIRT 2020</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21611/qirt.2020.005</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">15th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Christiane Maierhofer</author>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time over threshold</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="62">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51627</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">In-situ Prozessüberwachung in der additiven Fertigung von Metallen mittels optischer Verfahren</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Einer der aussichtsreichsten Ansätze, die Qualität und Sicherheit der gefertigten Teile in der metallbasierten additiven Fertigung (AM) zu erhöhen und die Notwendigkeit aufwändiger und zeitintensiver, zerstörender oder zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen (ZfP) nach der Fertigung zu verringern, liegt in dem Einsatz von in-situ Prozessüberwachungstechniken. Bereits jetzt werden erste Messsysteme zur Kontrolle der Energiequelle, des Bauraums, des Schmelzbades und der Bauteilgeometrie kommerziell angeboten. Weitere ZfP Verfahren, wie z.B. die aktive und passive Thermografie, werden in der Literatur als geeignet für die in-situ Anwendung angesehen, allerdings gibt es noch wenig konkrete praktische Umsetzungen, da die Möglichkeiten und individuellen Grenzen dieser Methoden, angewendet auf AM, noch nicht ausreichend erforscht sind. Aus diesem Grund verfolgt die BAM mit dem Projekt „Process Monitoring of AM“ (ProMoAM) im Themenfeld Material das Ziel, Verfahren des Prozessmonitorings zur in-situ Bewertung der Qualität additiv gefertigter Metallbauteile weiterzuentwickeln.&#13;
&#13;
Im Beitrag wird zunächst das Projekt vorgestellt und anschließend der Fokus auf eine Messserie gelegt, in der Probekörper aus dem austenitischen Edelstahl 316L mit lokal variierenden Prozessparametern mittels selektiven Laserschmelzen (L-PBF) aufgebaut wurden. Der Bauprozess wurde hierbei durch das maschineneigene, koaxial arbeitende Photodiodensystem (Melt-Pool-Monitoring), einer Mittelwellen-Infrarotkamera und einer optischen Tomografiekamera im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich (Langzeitbelichtung für die Dauer eines Lagenaufbaus mit einer CMOS-Kamera mit hoher Ortsauflösung) simultan überwacht. Als Referenz für diese Methoden wurden die Probekörper mittels Computertomografie untersucht. Für die dabei anfallenden teils großen Datenmengen wurden Algorithmen für ein effizientes Preprocessing entwickelt. Es wurden Merkmale der Messdaten in Korrelation zu Fehlern und Inhomogenitäten extrahiert, welche für die einzelnen Methoden vergleichend vorgestellt und diskutiert werden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">5. Tagung des Arbeitskreises Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prozessüberwachung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optische Tomografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computertomografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54399</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Infrared Thermography of the DED-LB/M and PBF LB/M processes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Infrared thermography is a technique that allows to measure the temperatures of objects by analyzing the intensity of the thermal emission without the need of direct contact with very high spatial and temporal resolution. As the temperature is a fundamental factor for the additive manufacturing processes of metals, infrared thermography can provide experimental data that can be used for the validation of simulations and improving the understanding of the processes as well as for in-situ process monitoring for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for quality control.&#13;
&#13;
In this talk we will provide an overview over the possibilities of state of the art thermographic in-situ monitoring systems for the DED-LB/M and PBF-LB/M processes and the challenges such as phase transitions and unknown emissivity values in respect to the determination of real temperatures. We define the requirements for different camera systems in various configurations and give examples on the selection of appropriate measurement parameters and data acquisition techniques as well as on techniques for data analysis and interpretation. Finally, we compare in-situ monitoring methods against post NDE methods by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of both.&#13;
&#13;
This research was funded by BAM within the Focus Area Materials.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Coupled2021 - IX International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Direct Energy Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51630</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermography in laser powder bed fusion of metals: time over threshold as feasible feature in thermographic data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Thermography is one on the most promising techniques for in-situ monitoring for metal additive manufacturing processes. The high process dynamics and the strong focus of the laser beam cause a very complex thermal history within the produced specimens, such as multiple heating cycles within single layer expositions. This complicates data interpretation, e.g., in terms of cooling rates. A quantity that is easily calculated is the time a specific area of the specimen is at a temperature above a chosen threshold value (TOT). Here, we discuss variations occurring in time-over-threshold-maps during manufacturing of a defect free cuboid specimen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">15th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time over threshold</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51255</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In situ heat accumulation by geometrical features obstructing heat flux and by reduced inter layer times in laser powder bed fusion of AISI 316L stainless steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Material qualification for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processes are often based on results derived from additively manufactured (AM) bulk material or small density cubes, although it is well known that the part geometry has a tremendous influence on the heat flux and, therefore, on the thermal history of an AM component. This study shows experimentally the effect of simple geometrical obstructions to the heat flux on cooling behavior and solidification conditions of 316L stainless steel processed by L-PBF. Additionally, it respects two distinct inter layer times (ILT) as well as the build height of the parts. The cooling behavior of the parts is in-situ traced by infrared (IR) thermography during the built-up. The IR signals reveal significant differences in cooling conditions, which are correlated to differences in melt pool geometries. The acquired data and results can be used for validation of computational models and improvements of quality assurance.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies (LANE 2020)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50788</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einfluss der Zwischenlagenzeit und der Bauteilhöhe auf die resultierenden Eigenschaften laserstrahlgeschmolzener austenitischer Stahlbauteile</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das pulverbettbasierte selektive Laserstrahlschmelzen (engl. laser powder bed fusion, L-PBF) ist die am weitesten verbreitete additive Fertigungstechnologie für die Herstellung metallischer Komponenten. Unter der Vielzahl an Einflussfaktoren auf die Qualität und die mechanischen Eigenschaften von L PBF-Bauteilen hat die Zwischenlagenzeit (engl. inter layer time, ILT) bisher kaum Beachtung in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur gefunden, obwohl sie je nach Bauraumausnutzungsgrad stark variieren kann. In diesem Vortrag werden Ergebnisse einer Studie präsentiert, die den Einfluss der ILT in Kombination mit der Bauteilhöhe und unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Volumenenergiedichten am Beispiel der austenitischen Stahllegierung AISI 316L untersucht. Die Fertigungsprozesse wurden in situ mittels Thermographiekamera überwacht, sodass Informationen über das Abkühlverhalten der Bauteile während des Prozesses gewonnen werden konnten. Es wurden signifikante Effekte der ILT und der Bauteilhöhe auf Wärmeakkumulation, Mikrostruktur, Schmelzbadgeometrie und Härte festgestellt. Ferner konnte ein Anstieg von Defektdichten bei einem gegenseitigen Wechselspiel aus Bauteilhöhe und ILT aufgezeigt werden. Die Zwischenlagenzeit wurde somit als kritischer Faktor für die L-PBF-Fertigung von Realbauteilen identifiziert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGM Fachtagung "Werkstoffe und Additive Fertigung"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.05.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.05.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zwischenlagenzeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55504</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>66</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>73</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Funktional gradierte Materialien auf Basis von Stellite und Stahl im Laserpulver-Auftragschweißen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das Hinzufügen von Stellite auf Stahl ist eine typische Vorgehensweise um Bauteile gegen Verschleiß und Korrosion zu schützen. Der Sprung in den Materialeigenschaften kann jedoch zu Rissen und somit zum Versagen der Beschichtung führen. Um die Lebensdauer von Beschichtungen zu erhöhen wird daher ein gradierter Übergang mit verschiedenen Materialpaarungen untersucht.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Vortragsband</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">13. Fachtagung Verschleiss- und Korrosionsschutz von Bauteilen durch Auftragschweißen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Haale (Saale), Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">23.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>R. Marquardt</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FGM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Functionally Graded Materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Directed Energy Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58060</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>39</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName>Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e. V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einfluss von Oberflächenbeschichtungen auf die flüssigmetallinduzierte Rissbildung beim  Widerstandspunktschweißen von hochfesten Stahlfeinblechen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Beschichtung hochfester Stahlfeinbleche beeinflusst das Auftreten von flüssigmetallinduzierter Rissbildung (LME). Daher wurden in dieser Arbeit industrieübliche Beschichtungen bei gleichem Grundwerkstoff hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaus und chemischer Zusammensetzung charakterisiert und bezüglich ihrer LME Anfälligkeit untersucht. Aus dieser vergleichenden Untersuchung heraus wurden Potentiale für die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen LME identifiziert. Diese Potentiale werden experimentell durch den Einsatz einer von der Forschungsstelle entwickelten Methode überprüft. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen waren neben unbeschichteten Proben industrieübliche Zinküberzüge wie Elektrolytisch verzinkt, Feuerverzinkt, Galvannealed und Zink-Magnesium Beschichtungen.&#13;
Die LME Anfälligkeit dieser unterschiedlichen Überzüge wird mit einem Schweißen unter Zugbelastung Versuchsaufbau untersucht. Dabei ergibt sich die resultierende Anfälligkeit aus den auftretenden Risslängen und der Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeit von LME bei den einzelnen Versuchen. Es konnte eine LME Anfälligkeits-Rangfolge für die Zinküberzüge festgestellt werden. Zink-Magnesium Beschichtungen galten als besonders LME Anfällig, gefolgt von Feuerverzinkt und Galvannealed. Die größte LME Resistenz wurde bei elektrolytisch verzinkten Proben festgestellt.&#13;
Aus den Ergebnissen werden Handlungsempfehlungen zur Erhöhung der Verarbeitungssicherheit bzw. Schweißpunktqualität abgeleitet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Forschung für die Praxis</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="deu">Schlussbericht vom 15.09.2022 zu IGF-Vorhaben Nr. 20812 N : Berichtszeit: 01.10.2019 bis 31.03.2022</subTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96780-030-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>B. El-Sari</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Widerstandspunktschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Stahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid Metal Embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flüssigmetallinduzierte Rissbildung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zink</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58692</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SLV Halle</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Künstliche Neuronale Netze zur Qualitätsprognose von Funktional Gradierten Materialien im laserbasierten Directed Energy Deposition</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Durch pulverbasiertes Directed-Energy Deposition lassen sich Gradierungen fertigen, um diskrete Materialübergänge zu vermeiden und die Lebensdauer von Hartschichten zu erhöhen. Die Kombination aus Stahl als Basiswerkstoff und einer verschleiß- und korrosionsbeständigen Co-Cr Legierung verspricht durch Vermeiden von Spannungskonzentrationen das Verhindern von Abplatzungen und Rissen in der Schutzschicht. Um die Qualität des gefertigten Bauteils zu beurteilen, liegen für solche Funktional Gradierten Materialien (FGM) wenig Erkenntnisse vor. Daher wird im Rahmen dieser Studie eine Methodik erarbeitet, um die relative Dichte eines Funktional Gradierten Materials auf Stahl und Co-Cr Basis mittels Maschinendaten zu bestimmen. Anschließend wird unter Einsatz eines künstlichen neuronalen Netzes anhand von Sensordaten die relative Dichte vorhergesagt. Das trainierte Netz erreicht eine Vorhersagegenauigkeiten von 99,83%. Abschließend wird eine Anwendung anhand von einem Demonstrator gezeigt.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">3. Fachtagung Additive Manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">3. Fachtagung Additive Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Halle, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>R. Marquardt</author>
    <author>S. Bähring</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Directed Enery Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Künstliche Neuronale Netze</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>KI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58693</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>772</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>779</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Verbesserung der Übertragbarkeit eines künstlichen neuronalen Netzes zur Qualitätsvorhersage beim Widerstandspunktschweißen von hochfesten Stählen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Eine typische Automobilkarosserie kann bis zu 5000 Widerstandspunktschweißverbindungen aufweisen, welche hohen Qualitätsanforderungen genügen müssen. Daher ist eine durchgehende Prozessüberwachung unerlässlich. Die Transformation zur E-Mobilität in der Automobilindustrie und die damit einhergehende Reichweitenproblematik treiben die Entwicklung und Einführung neuer hochfester Stähle an. Dies resultiert in einem gesteigerten Fertigungsaufwand hinsichtlich einer stabilen Prozess-führung in der Fügetechnik. Um diesen Anstieg an Komplexität zu bewältigen, sind die Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz ein geeignetes Mittel. Mit ihnen kann, durch Auswertung der Prozessparameter und -signale, die individuelle Schweißpunktqualität sichergesellt werden. Die Vorhersagegenauigkeit von neuen Daten, also das extrapolieren, stellt für die meisten Algorithmen eine große Herausforderung dar.&#13;
In dieser Arbeit wird ein künstliches neuronales Netz zur Vorhersage des Punktdurchmessers von Widerstandspunktschweißungen anhand von Prozessparametern implementiert. Die Vorhersagegenauigkeit und Extrapolationsfähigkeit des Modells wird durch die Auswertung des dynamischen Widerstandssignals verbessert.&#13;
Um die Extrapolationsfähigkeit zu untersuchen, wird die Vorhersagegenauigkeit des Modells mit Daten getestet, die sich in Bezug auf den Werkstoff und der Beschichtungszusammensetzung deutlich von den Trainingsdaten unterscheiden. Dazu wurden mehrere Schweißexperimente mit Werkstoffen verschiedener Hersteller durchgeführt und nur ein Teil der Daten in das Training einbezogen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit verdeutlichen den positiven Einfluss der Prozesssignale auf die Robustheit des Modells und die Skalierbarkeit der Algorithmen&#13;
künstlicher neuronaler Netze auf Daten außerhalb des Trainingsraums.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS Congress 2023 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-230-0</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Congress 2023 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>B. El-Sari</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Widerstandspunktschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Stahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Künstliche Intelligenz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neuronales Netz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fügequalität</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61630</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>577</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>583</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>8</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Walter de Gruyter GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Detektion von Bindefehlern beim DED-Arc</title>
    <title language="eng">Detection of Lack of Fusion during DED-Arc</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Based on artificial intelligence (AI) developed for monitoring arc welding, this article presents a deep neural network for monitoring lack of fusion defects in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium. The aim is to detect defects in built-up volumes on the basis of weld source data. These can be successfully processed by the algorithm presented and a trained AI. The achieved accuracy of the network is  90 percent.</abstract>
    <abstract language="deu">In dem Beitrag wird aufbauend auf Machine-Learning-Modellen, welche bereits zum Überwachen des Schutzgasschweißen erforscht wurden, ein tiefes neuronales Netz (DNN) zum Monitoring beim DED-Arc von Aluminium vorgestellt. Ziel ist die Detektion von Bindefehlern in den aufgebauten Volumina auf Grundlage von in Echtzeit gemessenen Schweißstromquellensignalen. Es werden Merkmalsvariablen durch Vorverarbeitung extrahiert sowie die Korrelation zwischen den Merkmalsvariablen und den Defekten analysiert. Durch den vorgestellten Algorithmus werden diese automatisiert als Input an ein DNN übergeben. Das entwickelte und trainierte neuronale Netz erkennt anhand signifikanter Merkmale aus den Strom- und Spannungsdaten Bindefehler mit einer Genauigkeit von ca. 90 Prozent.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1515/zwf-2024-1107</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_import_data">{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T16:40:13Z","timestamp":1727455213449},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7-8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"abstract":"&lt;jats:title&gt;Abstract&lt;\/jats:title&gt;\n               &lt;jats:p&gt;Based on artificial intelligence (AI) developed for monitoring arc welding, this article presents a deep neural network for monitoring lack of fusion defects in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium. The aim is to detect defects in built-up volumes on the basis of weld source data. These can be successfully processed by the algorithm presented and a trained AI. The achieved accuracy of the network is &amp;gt; 90 percent.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.1515\/zwf-2024-1107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T15:50:11Z","timestamp":1723823411000},"page":"577-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detektion von Bindefehlern beim DED-Arc"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Neumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK , F\u00fcge- und Beschichtigstechnik; Pascalstra\u00dfe 8-9 , Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Biegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK , F\u00fcge- und Beschichtigstechnik; Pascalstra\u00dfe 8-9 , Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Sven-Frithjof","family":"Goecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Hochschule Brandenburg an der Havel Brandenburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rethmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb (IWF) der TU Berlin; Fraunhofer IPK, Berlin &amp; Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM) , Berlin Germany"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, C.; Pan, Z.; Polden, J.; Li, H.; Xu, Y.; Chen, S.: Modelling and Prediction of Surface Roughness in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Using Machine Learning. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 33 (2022) 21, S. 1\u201316 10.1007\/s10845-020-01725-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-020-01725-4"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, S. W.; Martina, F.; Addison, A .C.; Ding, J.; Pardal, G.; Colegrove, P.: Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing. Materials Science and Technology 32 (2015), S. 641\u2013647 10.1179\/1743284715Y.0000000073","DOI":"10.1179\/1743284715Y.0000000073"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, M. A.; van Asten, A.; Morrow, J. D.; Min, S.; Pfefferkorn, F. E.: A Comparison of Energy Consumption in Wire-based and Powder-based Additive-Subtractive Manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing 5 (2016), S. 989\u20131005 10.1016\/j.promfg.2016.08.087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2016.08.087"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, J.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, C.; Wu, Q.; Chen, X.; Lu, J.: Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy: Grain Refinement by Adjusting Pulse Frequency. Materials 9 (2016) 10, S. 823 10.3390\/ma9100823","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9100823"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horgar, A.; Fostervoll, H.; Nyhus, B.; Ren, X.; Eriksson, M.; Akselsen, O. M.: Additive Manufacturing Using WAAM with AA5183 Wire. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 259 (2018), S. 68\u201374 10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2018.04.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2018.04.014"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, V.; Parida, M. K.; Albert, S. K.: The State-of-the-Art Methodologies for Quality Analysis of Arc Welding Process Using Weld Data Acquisition and Analysis Techniques. International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management 13 (2022) 5, S. 34\u201356 10.1007\/s13198-021-01282-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-021-01282-w"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winterkorn, R.; Pittner, A.; Rethmeier, M.: Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing with Novel Al-Mg-Si Filler Wire \u2013 Assessment of Weld Quality and Mechanical Properties. Metals 11 (2021) 8, S. 1243 10.3390\/met11081243","DOI":"10.3390\/met11081243"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, J. P.; Santos, T. G.; Miranda, R. M.: Revisiting Fundamental Welding Concepts to Improve Additive Manufacturing: From Theory to Practice. Progress in Materials Science 107 (2020) 33, S. 100590 10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2019.100590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2019.100590"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y. N.; Wu, S. C.; Withers, P. J.; Zhang, J.; Bao, H. Y. X.; Fu, Y. N.: The Effect of Manufacturing Defects on the Fatigue Life of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4 V Structures. Materials &amp; Design 192 (2020), S. 10870 10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108708"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, E.; Farson, D.; Richardson, R.; Ludewig, H.: Detection of Weld Surface Porosity by Statistical Analysis of Arc Current in Gas Metal Arc Welding. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 3 (2001) 1, S. 50\u201359 10.1016\/S1526-6125(01)70033-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-6125(01)70033-3"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.; Chen, X.; Chen, H.; Zhong, J.; Chen, S.: Online Welding Quality Monitoring Based on Feature Extraction of Arc Voltage Signal. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70(2014) 9-12, S. 1661\u20131671 10.1007\/s00170-013-5402-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-013-5402-2"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumesh, A.; Nair, B. B.; Rameshkumar, K.; Santhakumari, A.; Raja A.; Mohandas, K.: Decision Tree Based Weld Defect Classification Using Current and Voltage Signatures in GMAW Process. Materials Today Proceedings 5 (2018) 2, S. 8354\u20138363 10.1016\/j.matpr.2017.11.528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2017.11.528"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nele, L.; Mattera, G.; Vozza, M.: Deep Neural Networks for Defects Detection in Gas Metal Arc Welding. Applied Sciences 12 (2022) 7, S. 3615 10.3390\/app12073615","DOI":"10.3390\/app12073615"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaurasia, P. K.; Goecke, S. F.; De, A.: Towards Real-Time Monitoring of Metal Transfer and Melt Pool temperature field in Gas Metal Arc Directed Energy Deposition. Welding in the World 67 (2023), S. 1781\u20131791 10.1007\/s40194-023-01534-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s40194-023-01534-2"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y.; Polden, J.; Pan, Z.; Cui, J.; Xia, C.; He, F.: A Defect Detection System for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Using Incremental Learning. Journal of Industrial Information Integration 27 (2022) 1, S. 100291 10.1016\/j.jii.2021.100291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jii.2021.100291"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S.; Jin, C.; Yu, J.; Rhee, S.: Real-Time Detection of Weld Defects for Automated Welding Process Base on Deep Neural Network. Metals 10 (2020) 3, S. 389 10.3390\/met10030389","DOI":"10.3390\/met10030389"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajesh, A.; Ya, W.; Hermans, M.: Anomaly Detection in WAAM Deposition of Nickel Alloys \u2013 Single-Material and Cross-Material Analysis. Metals. 13 (2023) 11, S. 1820 10.3390\/met13111820","DOI":"10.3390\/met13111820"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marko, A.; B\u00e4hring, S.; Raute, J.; Biegler, M.; Rethmeier, R.: Transferability of ANN-generated Parameter Sets from Welding Tracks to 3D-Geometries in Directed Energy Deposition. Materials Testing 64 (2022) 11, S. 1586\u20131596 10.1515\/mt-2022-0054","DOI":"10.1515\/mt-2022-0054"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M.; Zhang, D.; Wu, C.: Current Waveform Effects on CMT Welding of Mild Steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 243 (2017), S. 395\u2013404 10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.004"},{"key":"2024092716115649015_j_zwf-2024-1107_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q.; Jiao, W.; Wang, P.; Zhang Y.: A Tutorial on Deep Learning-based Data Analytics in Manufacturing through a Welding Case Study. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 63 (January Journal of Manufacturing Processes 63 (2021), S. 2\u201313 10.1016\/j.jmapro.2020.04.044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2020.04.044"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/zwf-2024-1107\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/zwf-2024-1107\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T16:12:48Z","timestamp":1727453568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/zwf-2024-1107\/html"}},"subtitle":["Ein Ansatz f\u00fcr Aluminiumbauteile mithilfe von neuronalen Netzen"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/zwf-2024-1107"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/zwf-2024-1107","relation":{},"ISSN":["2511-0896","0947-0085"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2511-0896"},{"type":"print","value":"0947-0085"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]}}}</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Benedikt Neumann</author>
    <author>Max Biegler</author>
    <author>Sven-Frithjof Goecke</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-Arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminiumschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bindefehler</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prozessüberwachung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Maschinelles Lernen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep Neural Network</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63345</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>44</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>47</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>06</issue>
    <volume>2025</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Handgeführtes Laserstrahlschweißen am T-Stoß eines niedrig legierten Stahls</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das handgeführte Laserstrahlschweißen gewinnt in der Industrie zunehmend an Bedeutung, da die hohe Produktivität und die einfache Handhabung Unternehmen wirtschaftliche Vorteile bieten. Derzeit ist der Einsatz in der Industrie jedoch auf Teile mit ästhetischen Anforderungen beschränkt, die häufig aus hochlegiertem Stahl bestehen. Um das Handschweißen mit Laserstrahl auch für Bauteile aus kostengünstigen Stähle mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften einsetzen zu können, untersucht diese Studie den Einfluss des Schutzgases auf die Porosität am mikrolegierten Stahl HX340LAD mit einer Dicke von 1,5 mm. Getestet wurden die Gase Argon, Stickstoff, CO2 sowie Mischungen aus Argon und CO2 an T-Stöße mit Zusatzdraht. Die Qualifizierung der Porosität erfolgte gemäß DIN EN ISO 13919-1 an Querschliffen als auch mittels Röntgenuntersuchung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für diesen Stahl die Bewertungsgruppe B mittels CO2 als Schutzgas erreicht werden kann. Stickstoff führt zu Gruppe C, Argon zu D.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Der Praktiker</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>R. Marquardt</author>
    <author>S. Gook</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Handgeführtes Laserstrahlschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HHLW</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62688</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Verschleißschutz einer Schneckengeometrie durch funktional gradierte Materialien</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Hochbelastete Stahlbauteile lassen sich durch Auftragen von Kobalt-Chrom Legierungen vor Verschleiß schüt-zen. Die plötzliche Änderung der Materialeigenschaften führt jedoch zu Spannungen und Rissen im Anbindungs-bereich. Daraus resultierende Abplatzungen stellen eine Gefahr für die Funktionsfähigkeit der Maschine und damit für Mensch und Umwelt dar. Um die Belastbarkeit der Schutzschicht zu verbessern, kann die Anbindung durch einen gradierten Materialübergang optimiert werden. Diese funktional gradierten Materialien können mit-tels pulverbasiertem Directed Energy Deposition aufgetragen werden. Die Methodik zum Aufbau und zur Quali-tätssicherung solcher Materialien wurde in vorangegangenen Arbeiten für dickwandige Geometrien gezeigt. Für dünnwandige Geometrien ist die Anwendbarkeit bisher unzureichend untersucht worden. Diese Arbeit zeigt am Beispiel einer dünnwandigen gradierten Schneckengeometrie die Einsatzfähigkeit der Methodik. Dafür wird die Gefügestruktur der Gradierung auf Fehler untersucht und der Härteverlauf gemessen. Außerdem wird die relative Dichte anhand eines bereits trainierten neuronalen Netzes vorhergesagt und mit einer Porositätsuntersuchung verglichen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">14. Tagung Verschleiß- und Korrosionsschutz von Bauteilen durch Auftragschweißen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Halle (Saale), Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>R. Marquardt</author>
    <author>J. Osayi</author>
    <author>S. Kmieciak</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Directed Enery Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Funktionally Graded Material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FGM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63624</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Automated Repair of Gas Turbine Blades Using DED-Arc</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Gas turbine blades are critical components in aerospace and power generation, often subject to wear, erosion, and fatigue-induced damage. Traditional repair methods are labor-intensive, costly, prone to inconsistencies, and not rapidly adaptable. This work presents an automated approach for repairing gas turbine blade tips using Wire and Arc Directed Energy Deposition (DED-Arc) in combination with a high-precision point to point registration technique of laser line triangulation (LLT) 3D scans. The proposed workflow begins with affixation of the milled down turbine blade to a work piece manipulator using a 3D printed clamping mechanism and a rough alignment of the turbine tip. Subsequently, the turbine blade’s geometry is acquired using a fully integrated 3D laser triangulation sensor, transforming, and aggregating the captured 2D line data into a 3D scan in the working user coordinate system using live feedback data from a finely calibrated industry robot. This point cloud representation of the real-world turbine blade is then used as the target during an advanced point-to-point shape registration technique transforming the digital representation of the repair process containing all relevant tool path and geometry data into the coordinate system of the real-world turbine blade. Afterwards, the turbine tip is then iteratively repaired whereby the turbine tip geometry is divided into differentiated sections, each with its own optimized process parameter set.&#13;
&#13;
A key innovation in this approach is the adaptability of the repair process through a closed-loop monitoring system. After each DED-Arc deposition, a 3D scan is performed to document the deposited geometry, to detect the interaction of the different process parameter sets, to activate an intervention if necessary, and calculate subsequent tool paths based on current geometry data.&#13;
&#13;
The results indicate that the combination of precise 3D scan registration with DED-Arc is a viable solution for the industrial-scale repair of gas turbine blades leading to significant reduction in labor, tooling, process, and time related cost.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IIW Assembly</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Genoa, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Winkler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-Arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Turbine Blade</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64449</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>192, Part F</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Prediction of mean strain from laser beam welding images and detection of defects via strain curves based on machine learning</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With the advancement of machine learning, many predictions and measurements in visual tasks can be achieved by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Solidification hot cracking is a significant defect in laser beam welding, commonly encountered in practical applications. Existing theories indicate that the formation of cracks is closely related to strain accumulation near the solidification front. In this paper, we first leverage supervised Regression networks to design CNNs that achieve real-time average strain estimation for each frame in the collected welding videos. Two different architectures are proposed and compared: the first model stacks two frames at a set interval and feeds them into the network, while the second model extracts image features individually and predicts the results by calculating the correlation between them. Each network has its own advantages in Terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. Finally, we further train a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classification model that can detect the occurrence of cracks based on the predicted strain behaviors.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Optics &amp; Laser Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0030-3992</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113975</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-644495</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_5,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleParent_1,ArticleNumber,Volume,PublishedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.11.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Wenjie Huo</author>
    <author>Lennart Schmies</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>Katinka Wolter</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mean strain prediction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solidification cracking detection Convolutional neural networks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Convolutional neural networks</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64449/Wenjie_OLT_2025_Prediction of main strain from laser beam welding images_ML.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64202</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>20</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cham</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Automated in situ monitoring and analysis of process signatures and build profiles during wire arc directed energy deposition</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Wire arc directed energy deposition (DED-Arc) is an emerging metal additive manufacturing process to build near-net shaped metallic parts in a layer-by-layer with minimal material wastage. Automated in situ monitoring and fast-responsive analyses of process signatures and deposit profiles during DED-Arc are in ever demand to print dimensionally consistent parts and reduce post-deposition machining. A comprehensive experimental investigation is presented here involving real-time synchronous measurement of arc current, voltage, and the deposit profile using a novel multi-sensor monitoring framework integrated with the DED-Arc set-up. The recorded current–voltage transients are used to estimate the time-averaged arc power, and energy input in real time for an insight of the influence of wire feed rate and printing travel speed on the deposit characteristics. A unique attempt is made to represent the geometric profiles of the single-track deposits in a generalized mathematical form corresponding to a segmented ellipse, which has exhibited the minimum root-mean-square error of 0.03 mm. The dimensional inconsistency of multi-track deposits is evaluated quantitatively in terms of waviness using build profile monitoring and automated estimation, which is found to increase with an increase in step-over ratio and energy input. For the multi-track mild steel deposits, the suitable range of step-over ratio for the minimum surface waviness is observed to lie between 0.6 and 0.65. Collectively, the proposed framework of synchronized process monitoring and real-time analysis provides a pathway to achieve dimensionally consistent and defect-free parts, and highlights the potential for closed-loop control systems for a wider industrial application of DED-Arc.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Progress in Additive Manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2363-9512</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40964-025-01333-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642029</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.09.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Prashant Kumar Chaurasia</author>
    <author>Çağtay Fabry</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Amitava De</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Real-time monitoring and control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dimensional inconsistency</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64202/Automated in Situ Monitoring and Analysis during DED-Arc.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62663</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Automated In-situ Monitoring and Analysis of Process Signatures and Build Profile During Arc-based Directed Energy Deposition</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Automated in-situ synchronous monitoring and analysis of key process signatures during arc-based directed energy deposition (DED) process are the key challenges for layer-by-layer printing of large-scale parts. An attempt is presented here for real-time monitoring of process transients, deposit profile, and quantitative assessment of arc power, energy input and its influence on deposit dimensions. The workflow including setup, job generation and data analysis is fully automated in Python to allow large scale experiments with fast analysis results.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2nd Online Young Welding Professional International Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Prashant Kumar Chaurasia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deposition profile</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64203</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Welding Process Data Management - openBIS workflows and lab integration</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Arc welding processes are an important manufacturing technology applied to a wide range of critical materials and components such as offshore constructions, pressure vessels and additive manufacturing. Data management for experimental arc welding research faces the challenge of constantly changing experimental setups, incorporating a wide range of custom sensor integrations. Measurements include timeseries process and temperature recordings, 3D-geometry data and video recordings of the process from a sub-millisecond scale to multiple hour-long experiments. In addition, various manual pre-processing steps of the workpieces need to be considered to track the complete manufacturing process and its analysis – from raw materials to final dataset and publication.&#13;
As a unified RDM system, the BAM Data Store offers the capability to incorporate all steps – albeit not without its own challenges.&#13;
The talk gives an overview of the different workflows and processing steps along the welding experiments together with their integration into the BAM Data Store. Current solutions and ongoing integration work is explained and discussed. This includes the direct integration and upload of automated processing steps into the Data Store from different machines and sensors using custom Python APIs.&#13;
Ultimately the complete processing chain across multiple internal steps should be represented in the Data Store.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">openBIS user group meeting 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Çağtay Fabry</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data Store</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Openbis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Research Data Management</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Research data</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalisation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59494</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Life cycle assessment of fusion welding processes considering upstream and downstream process steps</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In manufacturing, fusion welding processes consume significant resources, presenting a significant opportunity for reducing environmental impact. Although there is a qualitative understanding of the environmental implications of these processes, a quantitative assessment of key parameters remains complex. This study introduces a welding-specific methodology that employs life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantitatively evaluate the environmental footprint of fusion welding technologies. Our approach identifies and analyses the principal parameters affecting the environmental performance of various welding techniques, including traditional joint welding and additive manufacturing via the Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) process. Real-time resource usage data is integrated to offer an innovative framework for directly deriving environmental impacts. This research contributes to optimising welding processes by providing a precise and quantifiable measure of their ecological impact. This facilitates the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Joining Smart Technologies - International Automotive Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Wels, Austria</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>René Winterkorn</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Life Cycle Assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-Arc</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59483</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">KI zur Prozessüberwachung im Unterpulverschweißen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Beim Unterpulverschweißen sind die Prozessgeräusche ein Indikator für eine gute Fügequalität. Diese Beurteilung kann i.d.R. nur von einer erfahrenen Fachkraft durchgeführt werden. Eine kürzlich entwickelte künstliche Intelligenz kann automatisch das akustische Prozesssignal anhand vortrainierter Merkmale klassifizieren und die Fügequalität anhand des Geräuschs beurteilen. Der Algorithmus, einmal richtig trainiert, kann den Prüfaufwand beim Unterpulverschweißen deutlich reduzieren.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Blechnet</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>B. El-Sari</author>
    <author>M. Biegler</author>
    <author>S. Gook</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Unterpulverschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Künstliche Intelligenz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prozessüberwachung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Körperschall</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59499</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Life cycle assessment of fusion welding processes strategies and implementation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In manufacturing, fusion welding processes use a lot of resources, which presents an opportunity to reduce environmental impact. While there is a general understanding of the environmental impact of these processes, it is difficult to quantitatively assess key parameters. This study introduces a welding-specific methodology that uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of fusion welding technologies. Our approach analyses the main parameters that affect the environmental performance of different welding techniques, including traditional methods and additive manufacturing through the Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) process. We integrate real-time resource usage data to offer an innovative framework for directly deriving environmental impacts. This research contributes to optimising welding processes by providing a precise and quantifiable measure of their ecological impact, facilitating the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">CEMIVET - Circular Economy in Metal Industries</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>René Winterkorn</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Life Cycle Assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fusion welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-Arc</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60249</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Towards arc welding reference data: Open Science laboratories at BAM</title>
    <abstract language="eng">As industries move for ever faster development and adoption cycles of emerging new technologies in the field of welding, the meticulous and longer-winded approach of the scientific research process can feel harder to integrate. To help bridge this gap and increase the speed, quality, and adoption rate of publicly funded research, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) continues to work towards enabling scientists with direct access to necessary software tools and - in the future – highest quality welding research reference data to further foster collaborations.&#13;
&#13;
On the experimental side, the arc welding group at BAM division 9.3 “welding technologies” is continuing to expand and upgrade its capacities of robotic welding systems with integrated state of the art sensor technologies and software solutions. This allows all experiments to be recorded and measured in micro-millimeter accuracy and at sub-millisecond precision, including welding process data, complete spatial geometry and temperature measurements, process video recordings and more. The custom software-based solutions and interfaces allow scaling of the welding systems from large thick plate offshore applications to small additive repair weldments in wind turbine blades to multi-hour continuous weldments in additive manufacturing applications. In addition to the data gathered during the welding process itself, the relevant testing results and materials properties produced at BAM or externally can be integrated seamlessly. This allows detailed traceability of all results back to the actual welding process.&#13;
Regardless of the scope and application, complete datasets can be made accessible for research or industry partners in the highest resolution based on the open source WelDX (welding data exchange) file format.&#13;
  &#13;
Figure 1. Welding experiment representation including dynamic process data, cross-section imaging and hardness measurements from a single weldx file.&#13;
&#13;
The talk will give an overview of the experimental facilities and workflows as well as current software developments with a focus on research data quality assurance, traceability, and accessibility.&#13;
Based on the integration into latest research trends and activities of the “welding technologies” division, the path to publishing reference datasets for arc welding process for various applications and materials is outlined and discussed.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing - Additive 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Çağtay Fabry</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Research data</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reference data</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53401</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">WelDX – progress report on the welding data exchange format</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The presentation shows the current development status of the Welding Data Exchange (weldx) format based on the Advanced Scientific Data Format (ASDF).&#13;
The use of a complete single pass arc welding experiment example stored in a single weldx file and validated against a predefined schema definition is presented.&#13;
The example includes generic experimental metadata, the workpiece geometry and materials definition following associated standards, the weld process spatial movement description, the welding process parameter descriptions and welding process measurements. The inclusion of 3D scan data of the workpiece description is also included.&#13;
The full code and data is available on GitHub: https://github.com/BAMWelDX/IIW2021_AA_CXII</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2021 IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference on welding and Joining</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.07.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.07.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Çağtay Fabry</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Open science</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Research data management</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WelDX</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55508</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>15</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>26</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>101</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Welding Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of Thick-Walled, Closed, Circumferential Pipe Welds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The application of hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) for joining closed circumferential welds is a challenge due to the high risk of forming a defective overlap area with a shrinkage void or solidification cracks in the material thickness. A series of HLAW experiments were performed to understand the development of a faulty overlap area when closing the circumferential weld. Welding trials on flat specimens and pipe segments were supported by numerical analyses in which the thermomechanical behavior of the welds in the overlap area was investigated. Different process control strategies were tested, including variations in defocusing levels and the overlap length. The newly developed HLAW head, including laser optics with a motor-driven collimation system, made it possible to defocus the laser beam during welding without disturbing the stability of the welding process. High-level defocusing of the laser beam of more than 40 mm relative to the specimen surface with a resulting beam diameter of &gt; 2.9 mm, and in combination with a short overlap length of 15 mm, was promising with respect to the formation of a desired cup-shaped weld profile that is resistant to solidification cracks.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.29391/2022.101.002</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2296</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.08.2022</enrichment>
    <author>Ömer Üstündag</author>
    <author>Nasim Bakir</author>
    <author>S. Gook</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thick-Walled Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-Power Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crater</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipe Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55576</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Real-time Bead-on-Plate weld Simulation for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing using Reduced Order modelling coupled with stochastic model Calibration</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Numerical simulations are essential in predicting the behavior of systems in many engineering fields and industrial sectors. The development of accurate virtual representations of actual physical products or processes (also known as digital twins) allows huge savings in cost and resources. In fact, digital twins would allow reducing the number of real, physical prototypes, tests, and experiments, thus also increasing the sustainability of production processes and products’ lifetime. Standard numerical methods fail in providing real time simulations, especially for complex processes such as additive manufacturing applications.&#13;
This work aims to use a reduced order model for efficient wire arc additive manufacturing simulations, calibrations and real-time process control. Model reduction, e.g. the proper generalized decomposition [1,2] method, is a popular concept to decrease the computational effort. A new mapping approach [3] was applied to simulate a moving heat source with the proper generalized decomposition. Using this procedure even complex models can be simulated in real-time. The physical model is later on calibrated with the use of a stochastic model updating process and the reduced order model, leading to an optimized real-time simulation.&#13;
In this contribution, a proper generalized decomposition model for a bead-on-plate wire arc additive manufacturing is presented. It is also coupled with a stochastic model updating process identifying the heat source characteristics as well as the boundary conditions of the transient thermal problem, whereas the heat source shape is simulated using a Goldak heat source</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">15th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM-XV)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Yokohama, Japan</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">31.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Dominic Strobl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wire arc additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reduced order modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Model calibration</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.7 Modellierung und Simulation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
