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    <title language="eng">New Approaches to PFAS Quali- and Quantification using GC-MS</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Known as “forever chemicals”, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetically produced chemicals that includes an estimated 10.000 compounds. Due to the persistence, toxicity and ubiquitous occurrence, research has focused on the qualification and quantification of the most important compounds as well as on the investigation of toxicity and possible routes of entry over the last 10 years. Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the analytical standard to test for PFAS, as the spectrum of detectable compounds is significantly more comprehensive than it is currently the case with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, to be able to test for PFAS contamination in a more process-independent manner and to make the analysis more widely accessible, methods based on GC-MS are currently being developed. Since GC-MS methods only cover a fraction of the compounds belonging to the PFAS group so far, further development of the corresponding measurement methods is inevitable [1, 2].&#13;
&#13;
The here described work is part of the EU project 23IND13 ScreenFood [3]. The aim is to develop sensitive analytical GC-MS methods that contribute to an improved identification and quantification of various PFAS (both currently regulated and emerging PFAS) in selected food and food packaging matrices. Of particular interest as a food contact material are native and recycled polymers such as PET. Besides, various techniques, including solvent-free variants such as thermal desorption GC-MS, will be tested for a quick and easy analysis. Multiple derivatization approaches, which cover different PFAS subgroups, will also be tested and evaluated. This poster will present the overall project objectives and first results.&#13;
&#13;
Acknowledgment:&#13;
The project (23IND13, ScreenFood) has received funding from the European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States.</abstract>
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    <author>Charlotte Hauschildt</author>
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      <value>Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)</value>
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      <value>EU Project</value>
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      <value>Derivatization Methods</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Food Contact Material (FCM)</value>
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    <title language="eng">Comparing PFAS analysis in batch leaching and column leaching tests</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laboratory leaching tests are tools to assess the mobility of environmental contaminants released from granular materials. Comparative leaching tests were performed using four PFAS-contaminated soils whose concentration patterns of 10 selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) differed due to the two types of contamination sources. This study aimed to evaluate the equivalence of two usual laboratory-scale leaching test procedures, batch and column percolation tests, at liquid-to-solid ratios (L/S) of 2 l/kg, which is the current practice within the German assessment framework, and 10 l/kg (relevant for some EU regulations such as the landfill directive). The differences between the replicates of leaching tests investigating PFAS were smaller for column percolation tests than for batch tests, probably mainly due to the greater sample size and the better representativeness of the sample portion analyzed. It was observed that batch tests overestimate the release of shorter-chain PFAS, whereby the effect was greater with carboxylic than with sulfonic acids. Currently, the limits of detection of analyses given by the DIN standard with regard to PFCA and PFSA in soils are partly not sufficient to detect very low contents, whereas the detection of selected PFCA and PFSA in eluates is more sensitive, in accordance with the available standards. This results in limitations when calculating mass balances.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Environmental Science and Pollution Research</parentTitle>
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    <author>Ute Kalbe</author>
    <author>Christian Piechotta</author>
    <author>Nicole Bandow</author>
    <subject>
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      <value>PFAS</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Leaching</value>
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    <subject>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Column percolation test</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Batch test</value>
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    <title language="eng">Which and how many soil sensors are ideal to predict key soil properties: A case study with seven sensors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Soil sensing enables rapid and cost-effective soil analysis. However, a single sensor often does not generate enough information to reliably predict a wide range of soil properties. Within a case-study, our objective was to identify how many and which combinations of soil sensors prove to be suitable for high-resolution soil mapping.&#13;
On a subplot of an agricultural field showing a high spatial soil variability, six in-situ proximal soil sensors (PSSs) next to remote sensing (RS) data from Sentinel-2 were evaluated based on their capabilities to predict a set of soil properties including: soil organic carbon, pH, moisture as well as plant-available phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. The set of PSSs consisted of ion-selective pH electrodes, a capacitive soil moisture sensor, an apparent soil electrical conductivity measuring system as well as passive gamma-ray-, X-ray fluorescence- and nearinfrared spectroscopy. All possible combinations of sensors were exhaustively evaluated and ranked based on their predict</abstract>
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    <author>J. Schmidinger</author>
    <author>V. Barkov</author>
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    <title language="eng">How reliable is the X‐ray fluorescence‐based differentiation between glass wool and rock wool and the age classification of rock wool?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractA prerequisite for the recycling of mineral wool is information about the type of material, that is, whether it is glass wool or rock wool. As mineral wool produced before the year 2000 can be potentially carcinogenic, it is furthermore important to distinguish between “old” and “new” wool when handling the material. Based on VDI 3492, it is possible to determine the material and, in the case of rock wool, the age by analyzing the mass fractions of eight oxides, which are the main components of mineral wool. This study presents the X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of 141 man‐made mineral fibers collected in Germany. Only in a few cases it was not possible to clearly assign the material type. In contrast, the identification of “old” and “new” rock wool posed a challenge as there were many borderline samples. Based on the available data, a chemometric model was developed that can classify “old” and “new” RW with a sensitivity of 93% and 89% and with a specificity of 100% in both cases. However, care must be taken when oxide contents are close to the specification limits. The reason for this mainly lies in the overlapping intervals of key oxides as suggested by VDI 3492, and, to a lesser extent, in the uncertainties typically occurring in the XRF‐based analysis of oxides. With this study, a comprehensive collection and evaluation of XRF data on mineral wool is made available, which can serve as a reference database for future users.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">X-Ray spectrometry</parentTitle>
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As mineral wool produced before the year 2000 can be potentially carcinogenic, it is furthermore important to distinguish between \u201cold\u201d and \u201cnew\u201d wool when handling the material. Based on VDI 3492, it is possible to determine the material and, in the case of rock wool, the age by analyzing the mass fractions of eight oxides, which are the main components of mineral wool. This study presents the X\u2010ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of 141 man\u2010made mineral fibers collected in Germany. Only in a few cases it was not possible to clearly assign the material type. In contrast, the identification of \u201cold\u201d and \u201cnew\u201d rock wool posed a challenge as there were many borderline samples. Based on the available data, a chemometric model was developed that can classify \u201cold\u201d and \u201cnew\u201d RW with a sensitivity of 93% and 89% and with a specificity of 100% in both cases. However, care must be taken when oxide contents are close to the specification limits. The reason for this mainly lies in the overlapping intervals of key oxides as suggested by VDI 3492, and, to a lesser extent, in the uncertainties typically occurring in the XRF\u2010based analysis of oxides. 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    <title language="eng">PFAS in Food Contact Materials: How far can GC-MS take us?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">PFAS (per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances) represent a broadand complex class of synthetically produced chemicals with estimated 10,000 different compounds. Often referred to as forever chemicals,their defining characteristic is the complete or partial fluorination of the carbon chain. Due to their persistence, toxicity, and widespread occurrence, PFAS have been a major focus of scientific research over the past decade, particularly in the areas of identification, quantification, toxicity, and potential pathways into the environment [1,2].&#13;
In response to their harmful properties, a significant regulatory milestone was reached in 2022 when maximum levels for PFASin certain foods were included in the commission regulationNo.1881/2006on maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffsfor the first time. In commission regulation 2022/2388, the European Commission defined maximum levels for two perfluorocarboxylicacids (PFOA and PFNA) and two perfluorosulfonic acids (PFOS and PFHxS) in certain foodstuff to ensure a high level of human healthprotection [3,4].&#13;
Effective monitoring of these contaminants requires highly sensitive analytical techniques. Currently, liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry (LC-MS(/MS)) remains the gold standard for PFAS detection, offering a significantly extendeddetection range compared togas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, to expand accessibility and enable more process-independent testing, GC-MS-based approaches are being actively developed and optimized [2,5].Although several analytical methods exist for detecting fluorinated contaminants in food, advancing their reliability, sensitivity, and applicability remains a critical challenge. Further optimization of GC-MS methodologies is essential to align with or extend beyond LC-MS techniques, enhancing their effectiveness in food and packaging analysis. Ultimately, these developments will contribute to improved food safety.&#13;
This research is part of the EU project 23IND13 ScreenFood, which aims, as one of its objectives, to develop sensitive analytical methods for improved identification and quantification of various PFAS -both currently regulated and emerging -in selected food and food contactmaterials (FCM) [6]. In food contact material analysis, the focus is on nativeand recycled materialssuch as PET, PP,or cardboard, which are of widespread use. Various analysis techniques are to be tested and compared for the comprehensive identification and sensitive quantification of PFAS usedin FCM. These will include solvent-free approaches such as TD-GC-MS or large volume injection, which could enable fast and uncomplicated analysis.&#13;
This poster will present improved GC-MS methods for the detectionand quantificationof variousPFAS classes and first insights into the analysis of severalfood contact materials (e.g. paper-based FCM) with GC-MS. Furthermore, the long-term objectives of the EU project ScreenFoodwill be outlined.&#13;
&#13;
The project (23IND13, ScreenFood) has received funding from the European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">XXII European Conference on Analytical Chemistry (EUROANALYSIS)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Barcelona, Spain</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">31.08.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">04.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Charlotte Hauschildt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EU Project</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Derivatization methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Food Contact Material (FCM)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63563</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>15</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Potentials of typical plant species from rewetted fenlands for the supply of strategic elements</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Rewetting of peatlands requires the development of new biomass utilization pathways. The supply of strategic elements with key importance for the development of priority technologies, such as germanium (Ge), silicon (Si) and rare earth elements, from fenland plants is one option. To provide a first estimation of the potential, concentrations of strategic elements were determined in nine biomass samples covering typical fenland vegetation in northeast Germany. Subsequently, a simplified estimation of potential revenue from strategic element recovery was made. The analysed plant species can be classified as high or intermediate Si plant accumulators with highest contents of more than 16.0 g Si kg−1 dry mass (DM) in sedges and common reeds. Ge concentrations were lower with reed canary grass containing the highest amounts of 465.3 µg Ge kg−1 DM. Simultaneous acquisition of Ge and Si could provide higher total element yields and revenues of up to 500 $ ha−1. In contrast, the potentials for supplying rare earth elements appeared to be very low, with common reed containing the highest sum of rare earth elements of 437.4 µg kg−1 DM. Biomass from rewetted fenlands is capable of accumulating strategic elements. More knowledge is required to understand the factors affecting their accumulation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Scientific Reports</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2045-2322</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/s41598-025-05180-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-635631</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.07.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Karina Michalska</author>
    <author>Monika Heiermann</author>
    <author>Carsten Lühr</author>
    <author>Björn Meermann</author>
    <author>Ralf Pecenka</author>
    <author>Andreas Schulz</author>
    <author>Nicole Langhammer</author>
    <author>Susanne Theuerl</author>
    <author>Annette Prochnow</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Recycling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fenlands</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Strategic elements</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63563/s41598-025-05180-0.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62194</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Bestimmung von anthropogenen Markerkonzentrationen im Abwasser mittels eines antikörperbasierten Verfahrens (ELISA)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Rahmen des AMELAG Projektes wurden im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes (VH1804) unterschiedliche anthropogene Marker in Abwasserproben aus Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern gemessen. In dieser Präsentation wurden einige Ergebnisse vorgestellt.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AMELAG Abschlussveranstaltung am Robort-Koch-Institut</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
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    <author>Rudolf Schneider</author>
    <author>Zoltán Konthur</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Östron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Koffein</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbamazepin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Clarithromycin</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.8 Umweltanalytik</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62612</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Weimar</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Dachverband Lehm e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="deu">upMIN 100 – upcycling MINeralischer Bau- und Abbruchabfälle zur Substitution natürlicher Gesteinskörnungen in Lehmbaustoffen</title>
    <title language="eng">upMIN 100 – Upcycling mineral construction and demolition debris as a substitute for natural aggregates in earth building materials</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Um zukünftig die Entnahme von Primärrohstoffen und die Deponierung von geeignetem Bodenaushub zu vermeiden, wurde im Forschungsvorhaben «upMIN100» der Einsatz von rezyklierten Gesteinskörnungen &lt; 2 mm in Lehmbaustoffen untersucht. Diese Korngrößen aus Rezyklaten, die je nach Ausgangsstoffen und Produkt 5 – 70 % des fertigen Baustoffs ausmachen, waren zum Zeitpunkt des Projektstarts in den gültigen Lehmbaustoff-Normen DIN 18945 – 18948 nicht zugelassen, da diese als Zusatzstoffe nur natürliche Gesteinskörnungen nach DIN EN 12620, Mehl aus mörtelfreien Ziegeln sowie Blähperlit etc. nach DIN EN 13055-1 und als Bindemittel nur Baulehm aus natürlichen Vorkommen vorsahen. Um den Einsatz von rezyklierten Bau- und Abbruchabfällen für Lehmbaustoffe in der Norm zu ermöglichen, mussten daher die technische Durchführbarkeit, Qualitätsanforderungen an Ausgangsstoffe (z.B. Schadstoffgrenzwerte in Bezug auf Gesundheits- und Umweltverträglichkeit) sowie zulässige Anteile der Rezyklate geregelt werden. Aktuelle Sortier- und Aufbereitungsmethoden wurden im Hinblick auf die technische sowie die wirtschaftliche Machbarkeit überprüft und auf eine mögliche Optimierung untersucht. &#13;
Um Fragen zur technischen Machbarkeit beantworten zu können, wurde im Vorhaben die exemplarische Entwicklung von zwei wiederverwendbaren Lehmbaustoffen (Lehmstein, Lehmputzmörtel) angestrebt, um zukünftig sowohl das Abfallaufkommen als auch die Rohstoffinanspruchnahme zu reduzieren. Zum einen sollten die Zuschläge bis zu 100% aber auch das natürliche Bindemittel Ton zu 80% – 100% substituiert werden. Der Machbarkeitsnachweis für beide Entwicklungen wurde in Form eines Prototyps mit einem Technologie-Reifegrad 4–5 (TRL 4–5) erbracht.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">To avoid the extraction of primary raw materials and the landfilling of suitable excavated soil in the future, the use of recycled aggregates &lt; 2 mm in earth building materials was investigated in the “upMIN 100” research project. These grain sizes from recycled materials, which make up 5–70 % of the finished  building material depending on the source materials and product, were not permitted in the applicable earth building material standards DIN 18945–18948 at the time the project started, as these only allow natural aggregates in accordance with DIN EN 12620, flour from mortarfree bricks and expanded perlite etc. as additives in accordance with DIN EN 13055-1 and only building clay from natural sources as a binder. For the use of recycled construction and demolition waste for earth building materials in the standard, the technical feasibility, quality requirements for source (e. g. limit values for harmful  substances in terms of health and environmental compatibility) and permissible proportions of recyclates had to be regulated. Current sorting and processing methods were reviewed in terms of technical and economic feasibility and examined for possible optimisation.&#13;
To ascertain the technical feasibility of the use of recycled construction demolition waste for earth building materials, the project developed two  reusable earth building materials (earth blocks, clay plaster mortar) as examples of both waste reduction and of the use of raw materials in the future. On the one hand, up to 100 % of the aggregates and 80–100 % of the natural binder clay should be substituted. The proof of concept for both developments was provided in the form of a prototype with a technology readiness level 4–5 (TRL 4–5).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband Lehm 2024</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Lehm 2024 Fachtagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Weimar, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">27.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Andrea Klinge</author>
    <author>Julian Mönig</author>
    <author>Ute Kalbe</author>
    <author>Matthias Richter</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Horn</author>
    <author>Christof Ziegert</author>
    <author>Ulrich Röhlen</author>
    <author>Eike Roswag-Klinge</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Recycled aggregates</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Earthen building materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Contaminants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reuse</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Resources</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63552</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">upMIN 100 – upcycling of mineral construction and demolition waste to substitute natural aggregates in earthen building materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The construction sector is one of the most resource-intensive sectors in Germany and is responsible for 40 % of CO2 emissions. emissions. Around 517 million tons of mineral raw materials are required annually for the construction of buildings in Germany. At the same time, mineral construction waste was the largest material flow at 229.3 million tons (2020).&#13;
The rates of building material recycling have increased since 2000, especially for mineral waste. Nevertheless, the majority of recycled aggregates are used in technically largely unregulated applications (e.g. road construction). This downcycling leads to a loss of valuable resources for technically and economically valuable uses.&#13;
The upMIN100 research project is investigating the question of whether and to what extent recycled mineral construction and demolition waste is suitable as an additive in earthen building materials such as earth plasters and earth blocks. The focus is placed on grain sizes &lt; 2 mm, which are currently predominantly landfilled, as there are currently no regulations for their use in building products.&#13;
In order to enable the use of construction and demolition waste, the technical feasibility must be ensured, quality requirements for source materials (e.g. limit values for pollutants in terms of health and environmental environmental compatibility and hazardous substances) and permissible proportions of recycled aggregates must be defined.&#13;
To avoid negative impact on building occupants, the developed building materials have been tested in terms of harmful substances included in the mineral waste as well as emissions into the ambient air. Furthermore, the earthen building products, manufactured from mineral waste, should be free from pollutants to enable a return into the environment. According to the Substitute Building Materials Ordinance (EBV) this corresponds to criterion BM-0.&#13;
Two different building material developments were used to test the technical feasibility and the pollutant content of the recycled aggregate.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Sustainable Built Environment Conference 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zurich, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.06.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>A. Klinge</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mineral waste</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Upcycling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Earthen building product</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Circular construction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51776</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of an automatic system for in situ analysis of soil using a handheld Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The project “Intelligence for Soil” (I4S) aims at the design of an integrated system for improvement of soil functions and fertilizer recommendations. This system is composed by different sensors that will provide a detailed assessment of soil properties and processes, which are prerequisites for a site-specific, resource-saving and ecofriendly soil management, considering the soil as a sustainable resource for the bioeconomy. One of these sensors will be an energy-dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer. It is a non-destructive technique suitable for in-situ measurements due to a minimum sample preparation and it allows fast multielement analyses. In this work, an automatic system has been developed using a handheld equipment from Olympus (Vanta C series). A polypropylene (PP) film was used to protect the measuring window of the device from dust and possible cross-contamination. To control the stepper motor that unrolls the PP film, a microcontroller was used to ensure that a piece of clean PP is in front of the measuring window for each new analysis. &#13;
Preliminary calibration studies using pre-defined methods, Geochem and Soil Methods, were performed with the following Certified Reference Materials (CRMs): NRC Till 1-3, NIST 2710, BAM U110, ERM CC141, BCR 142R, IAEA Soil 7. The CRMs were measured 10 times at different spots. The spot size was 10 mm in diameter, irradiation time was 60 ? s. The averaged data from X ray characteristic emission line intensities for Al, P, Si, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni Kα were in close agreement with certified mass fraction data. The linear correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.852 for P to 0.999 for Mn. A second round of calibration studies were performed with the following CRMs: GBW07402, GBW 07405, NCS DC 73023, NCS DC 73030, NCS DC 85109, NCS DC 87104, NIST 1646a, NIST 2704, NIST 2710, NRC Till 1-3, VS 2498-83, and the same pre-defined methods and experimental parameters were employed. The results of the 13 CRMs were now compared with the values obtained by a validated WDXRF method. The linear correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.998 for Ca to 0.999 for Zn. Other elements such as S, K and Ti can also be properly determined, but validation still requires more robust calibration models. &#13;
Further calibration studies will be performed in order to circumvent matrix effects and to guarantee reliable results. Besides that, the automatic system will be placed on a mobile sensor platform and the system will be tested in the field. A guidance for on site-specific fertilization integrating the results obtained from different sensors placed on the platform is expected.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">16. Kolloquium Prozessanalytik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.11.2020</enrichment>
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    <author>Andressa Adame</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgenfluoreszenz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Boden</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XRF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Soil</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
