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  <doc>
    <id>54103</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>665</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>666</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Schwarze Pilze – Wüstenbesiedler finden neue Lebensräume</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Schwarze mikrokoloniale Pilze besiedeln zunehmend von Menschen geschaffene Habitate, wie schadstoffbelastete Böden, Statuen, Gebäudefassaden und Dächer. Sie verfärben und zersetzen die Oberflächen von anfälligen Materialien oder reduzieren die Lichtausbeute von Solaranlagen. Die Biologie dieser Pilze und ihre Relevanz für die Materialforschung stehen im Fokus unserer Studien an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM). Mit einer Kollektion schwarzer Pilze, die von Solaranlagen isoliert wurden, bringen wir klima- und materialrelevante Biodiversität in den Stammbaum des Lebens. Die Überlebensstrategien dieser Organismen versuchen wir mit molekularbiologischen und genetischen Untersuchungsansätzen zu entschlüsseln.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">BIOspektrum</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s12268-021-1646-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-541037</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pilze</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Genetik</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diversität</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54103/Schumacher and Gorbushina 2021.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54619</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>3</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Frontiers Media</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Lausanne</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Genetic Engineering of the Rock Inhabitant Knufia petricola Provides Insight Into the Biology of Extremotolerant Black Fungi</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Black microcolonial fungi (Ascomycetes from Arthonio-, Dothideo-, and Eurotiomycetes) are stress-tolerant and persistent dwellers of natural and anthropogenic extreme habitats. They exhibit slow yeast-like or meristematic growth, do not form specialized reproduction structures and accumulate the black pigment 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin in the multilayered cell walls. To understand how black fungi live, survive, colonize mineral substrates, and interact with phototrophs genetic methods are needed to test these functions and interactions. We chose the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola of the Chaetothyriales as a model for developing methods for genetic manipulation. Here, we report on the expansion of the genetic toolkit by more efficient multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 using a plasmid-based system for expression of Cas9 and multiple sgRNAs and the implementation of the three resistance selection markers genR (geneticin/nptII), baR (glufosinate/bar), and suR (chlorimuron ethyl/sur). The targeted integration of expression constructs by replacement of essential genes for pigment synthesis allows for an additional color screening of the transformants. The black-pink screening due to the elimination of pks1 (melanin) was applied for promoter studies using GFP fluorescence as reporter. The black-white screening due to the concurrent elimination of pks1 and phs1 (carotenoids) allows to identify transformants that contain the two expression constructs for co-localization or bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) studies. The co-localization and interaction of the two K. petricola White Collar orthologs were demonstrated. Two intergenic regions (igr1, igr2) were identified in which expression constructs can be inserted without causing obvious phenotypes. Plasmids of the pNXR-XXX series and new compatible entry plasmids were used for fast and easy generation of expression constructs and are suitable for a broad implementation in other fungi. This variety of genetic tools is opening a completely new perspective for mechanistic and very detailed study of expression, functioning and regulation of the genes/proteins encoded by the genomes of black fungi.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Frontiers in Fungal Biology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3389/ffunb.2022.862429</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-546192</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2673-6128</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.10.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Eileen Erdmann</author>
    <author>Sarah Nitsche</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microcolonial fungi</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DHN melanin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cloning vectors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Genetics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54619/Erdmann et al. 2022.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51860</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>22021</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">An advanced genetic toolkit for exploring the biology of the rock‑inhabiting black fungus Knufia petricola</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microcolonial black fungi are a group of ascomycetes that exhibit high stress tolerance, yeast-like growth and constitutive melanin formation. They dominate a range of hostile natural and man-made environments, from desert rocks and salterns to dishwashers, roofs and solar panels. Due to their slow growth and a lack of genetic tools, the underlying mechanisms of black fungi’s phenotypic traits have remained largely unexplored. We chose to address this gap by genetically engineering the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales), a species that exhibits all characteristics of black fungi. A cell biological approach was taken by generating K. petricola strains expressing green or red fluorescent protein variants. By applying: (1) traditional gene replacement; (2) gene editing and replacement via plasmid-based or ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based CRISPR/Cas9, and (3) silencing by RNA interference (RNAi), we constructed mutants in the pathways leading to melanin, carotenoids, uracil and adenine. Stable single and double mutants were generated with homologous recombination (HR) rates up to 100%. Efficient, partially cloning-free strategies to mutate multiple&#13;
genes with or without resistance cassettes were developed. This state-of-the-art genetic toolkit, together with the annotated genome sequence of strain A95, firmly established K. petricola as a model for exploring microcolonial black fungi.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Scientific Reports</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/s41598-020-79120-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-518601</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.01.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Oliver Voigt</author>
    <author>Nicole Knabe</author>
    <author>Sarah Nitsche</author>
    <author>Eileen Erdmann</author>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Subaerial biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biodeterioration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluorescent microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CRISPR/Cas9</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RNA interference</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51860/Voigt_et_al-2020-Scientific_Reports.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54902</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The roles extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play in mineral attachment and weathering were studied using genetically modified biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95. Mutants deficient in melanin and/or carotenoid synthesis were grown as air-exposed biofilms. Extracted EPS were quantified and characterised using a combination of analytical techniques. The absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: mutants no longer able to form melanin synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, the melanin-producing strains attached more strongly to the mineral olivine and dissolved it at a higher rate. We hypothesise that the pullulan-related linkages, with their known adhesion functionality, enable fungal attachment and weathering. The released phenolic intermediates of melanin synthesis in the Δsdh1 mutant might play a role similar to Fe-chelating siderophores, driving olivine dissolution even further. These data demonstrate the need for careful compositional and quantitative analyses of biofilm-created microenvironments.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">npj Materials degradation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/s41529-022-00253-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549025</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2397-2106</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">13.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-54901</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Romy Breitenbach</author>
    <author>Ruben Gerrits</author>
    <author>Polina Dementyeva</author>
    <author>Nicole Knabe</author>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <author>Ines Feldmann</author>
    <author>Jörg Radnik</author>
    <author>M. Ryo</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54902/title.pdf</file>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54902/41529_2022_253_MOESM1_ESM.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50953</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>235</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>252</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The Third International Symposium on Fungal Stress - ISFUS</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Stress is a normal part of life for fungi, which can survive in environments considered inhospitable or hostile for other organisms. Due to the ability of fungi to respond to, survive in, and transform the environment, even under severe stresses, many researchers are exploring the mechanisms that enable fungi to adapt to stress. The International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) brings together leading scientists from around the world who research fungal stress. This article discusses presentations given at the third ISFUS, held in Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil in 2019, thereby summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge on fungal stress, a field that includes microbiology, agriculture, ecology, biotechnology, medicine, and astrobiology.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Fungal Biology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.funbio.2020.02.007</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.05.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">23.05.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">01.07.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>A. Alder-Rangel</author>
    <author>A. Idnurm</author>
    <author>A. Brand</author>
    <author>A. Brown</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>C. Kelliher</author>
    <author>C. Campos</author>
    <author>D. Levin</author>
    <author>D. Bell-Pedersen</author>
    <author>E. Dadachova</author>
    <author>F. Bauer</author>
    <author>G. Gadd</author>
    <author>G. Braus</author>
    <author>G. Braga</author>
    <author>G. Brancini</author>
    <author>G. Walker</author>
    <author>I. Druzhinina</author>
    <author>I. Pocsi</author>
    <author>J. Dijksterhuis</author>
    <author>J. Aguirre</author>
    <author>J. Hallsworth</author>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <author>K. Ho Wong</author>
    <author>L. Selbmann</author>
    <author>L. Corrochano</author>
    <author>M. Kupiec</author>
    <author>M. Momany</author>
    <author>M. Molin</author>
    <author>N. Requena</author>
    <author>O. Yarden</author>
    <author>R. Cordero</author>
    <author>R. Fischer</author>
    <author>R. Pascon</author>
    <author>R. Mancinelli</author>
    <author>T. Emri</author>
    <author>T. Basso</author>
    <author>D. Rangel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Agricultural mycology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fungal stress mechanisms and responses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Industrial mycology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Medical mycology</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51932</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>362</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Shed Light in the DaRk LineagES of the Fungal Tree of Life—STRES</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The polyphyletic group of black fungi within the Ascomycota (Arthoniomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes) is ubiquitous in natural and anthropogenic habitats. Partly because of their dark, melanin-based pigmentation, black fungi are resistant to stresses including UV- and ionizing-radiation, heat and desiccation, toxic metals, and organic pollutants. Consequently, they are amongst the most stunning extremophiles and poly-extreme-tolerant organisms on Earth. Even though ca. 60 black fungal genomes have been sequenced to date, [mostly in the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Eurotiomycetes)], the class Dothideomycetes that hosts the largest majority of extremophiles has only been sparsely sampled. By sequencing up to 92 species that will become reference genomes, the “Shed light in The daRk lineagES of the fungal tree of life” (STRES) project will cover a broad collection of black fungal diversity spread throughout the Fungal Tree of Life. Interestingly, the STRES project will focus on mostly unsampled genera that display different ecologies and life-styles (e.g., ant- and lichen-associated fungi, rock-inhabiting fungi, etc.). With a resequencing strategy of 10- to 15-fold depth coverage of up to ~550 strains, numerous new reference genomes will be established. To identify metabolites and functional processes, these new genomic resources will be enriched with metabolomics analyses coupled with transcriptomics experiments on selected species under various stress conditions (salinity, dryness, UV radiation, oligotrophy). The data acquired will serve as a reference and foundation for establishing an encyclopedic database for fungal metagenomics as well as the biology, evolution, and ecology of the fungi in extreme environments.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Life</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/life10120362</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-519328</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.01.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>L. Selbmann</author>
    <author>Z. Benkő</author>
    <author>C. Coleine</author>
    <author>S. de Hoog</author>
    <author>C. Donati</author>
    <author>I. Druzhinina</author>
    <author>T. Emri</author>
    <author>C. L. Ettinger</author>
    <author>A. S. Gladfelter</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>I. V. Grigoriev</author>
    <author>M. Grube</author>
    <author>N. Gunde-Cimerman</author>
    <author>Z. A. Karányi</author>
    <author>B. Kocsis</author>
    <author>T. Kubressoian</author>
    <author>I. Miklós</author>
    <author>M. Miskei</author>
    <author>L. Muggia</author>
    <author>T. Northen</author>
    <author>M. Novak-Babič</author>
    <author>C. Pennacchio</author>
    <author>W. P. Pfliegler</author>
    <author>I. Pòcsi</author>
    <author>V. Prigione</author>
    <author>M. Riquelme</author>
    <author>N. Segata</author>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <author>E. Shelest</author>
    <author>K. Sterflinger</author>
    <author>D. Tesei</author>
    <author>J. M. U’Ren</author>
    <author>G. C. Varese</author>
    <author>X. Vázquez-Campos</author>
    <author>V. A. Vicente</author>
    <author>E. M. Souza</author>
    <author>P. Zalar</author>
    <author>A. K. Walker</author>
    <author>J. E. Stajich</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adaptation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Black fungi</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dothideomycetes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eurotiomycetes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Extremophiles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Genomics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metabolomics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Secondary metabolites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress conditions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transcriptomics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
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    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51932/2020_Selbman et al_STRES kickoff.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57147</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">The roles of DHN melanin and the stress-activated MAP kinase in the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Black fungi/yeasts exhibit high stress tolerance, yeast‑like or meristematic growth, and constitutive 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin formation. Due to their slow growth, robust cell walls and the lack of sexual cycles and genetic tools, the underlying mechanisms of their phenotypic traits have remained largely unexplored. Using recently developed genetic tools, it is now possible to manipulate the genome of the rock-inhabiting model fungus Knufia petricola. Thus, gene functions and the cell biology of black fungi can be studied using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and live-cell imaging with genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. Here, we are addressing the question to which extent constitutive pigment formation (melanin and carotenoids) and responses mediated by the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase contribute to the observed extremotolerance of K. petricola. The mutations of pks1, phs1 and both genes result in melanin-free (pink), carotenoid-free (black) and pigment-free (white) strains, respectively. The other putative melanogenic genes were identified in the genome, deleted to confirm their involvement in DHN melanogenesis and co-expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for reconstruction of the synthesis pathway. Sak1 encoding the stress-activated MAP kinase was deleted in the wild-type and different pigment-deficient backgrounds. Growth of the obtained single, double and triple deletion mutants was tested by droplet tests on media supplemented with different stress-inducing agents. The Δsak1 mutants show slightly reduced growth rates even without environmental pressure and are hypersensitive to different stresses: e.g. osmotic, oxidative, membrane, pH and heat stress. Melanin-free Δsak1 mutants are more sensitive than black Δsak1 mutants to some but not all stress conditions, suggesting that melanin and the SAK1 pathway have complementary roles in protecting K. petricola from stress.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">16th European Conference on Fungal Genetics</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Innsbruck, Austria</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.03.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.03.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Black fungus</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Extremotolerance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pigments</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54901</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>researchdata</type>
    <publisherName>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Data for "The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering"</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Data for the publication "The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering" (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-022-00253-1). It includes:&#13;
&#13;
- The Summary of the EPS concentration, EPS sugar components and EPS linkages.&#13;
&#13;
- The Summary of the XPS analysis of freeze-dried biofilm samples of all strains.&#13;
&#13;
- The  Summary of the pH, Mg, SI and Fe concentration, biomass and olivine dissolution rate for each time point of all dissolution experiments.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.26272/opus4-54901</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ScientificResourceTypeGeneral">Datensatz</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedStart">01.01.2015</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedEnd">31.08.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificGeolocation">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC0 1.0 - Universell - Public Domain Dedication</licence>
    <author>Romy Breitenbach</author>
    <author>Ruben Gerrits</author>
    <author>Polina Dementyeva</author>
    <author>Nicole Knabe</author>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <author>Ines Feldmann</author>
    <author>Jörg Radnik</author>
    <author>M. Ryo</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
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    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Forschungsdatensätze der BAM</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56724</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>329</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>346</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>5</volume>
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    <publisherName>Springer, Cham</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Role of light in the life cycle of Botrytis cinerea</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The fungus Botrytis cinerea (Botryotinia fuckeliana) infects more than 500 plant species and causes a wide range of symptoms: soft rots, accompanied by collapse and water-soaking of tissues followed by the appearance of gray masses of conidia on leaves and soft fruits (gray mold), and spots that may turn brown to full-scale soft rotting on flower petals (Botrytis blight). In general, B. cinerea is responsible for severe economic losses that are either due to the damage of growing plants in the field or the rot of harvested fruits, flowers, and vegetables during storage under cold and humid conditions. B. cinerea has adapted to the plant host and its environment by evolving strategies to use plant tissues for proliferation in terms of a necrotrophic lifestyle, and to survive biotic stresses (host responses) as well as abiotic factors of the host’s environment such as sunlight and concomitant stresses. B. cinerea maintains a complex regulatory network of light-sensitive proteins and signal transduction pathways to use light for coordinating stress responses, virulence, and reproduction. Different light-controlled reproduction cycles enable B. cinerea to live in moderate climate zones by infecting and propagating in summer and resting in winter when green host tissues are unavailable.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Plant Relationships. The Mycota</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_14</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gray mold fungus</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Plant pathogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Light</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoreceptors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Development</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61685</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">1,8‐Dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin provides unequal protection to black fungi Knufia petricola and Cryomyces antarcticus from UV‐B radiation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Black fungi on rock surfaces endure a spectrum of abiotic stresses, including UV radiation. Their ability to tolerate extreme conditions is attributed to the convergent evolution of adaptive traits, primarily highly melanized cell walls. However, studies on fungal melanins have not provided univocal results on their photoprotective functions. Here, we investigated whether the black fungi Knufia petricola and Cryomyces antarcticus only use DHN melanin or may employ alternative mechanisms to counteract UV‐induced damage. For this, melanized wild types and non‐melanized Δpks1 mutants were exposed to different doses of UV‐B (312 nm) followed by incubation in constant darkness or in light–dark cycles to allow light‐dependent DNA repair by photolyases (photoreactivation). C. antarcticus could tolerate higher UV‐B doses but was sensitive to white light, whereas K. petricola showed the opposite trend. DHN melanin provided UV‐B protection in C. antarcticus, whereas the same pigment or even carotenoids proved ineffective in K. petricola. Both fungi demonstrated functional photoreactivation in agreement with the presence of photolyase‐encoding genes. Our findings reveal that although the adaptive trait of DHN melanization commonly occurs across black fungi, it is not equally functional and that there are species‐specific adaptations towards either UV‐induced lesion avoidance or repair strategies.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Environmental Microbiology Reports</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/1758-2229.70043</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616859</identifier>
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    <author>Ilaria Catanzaro</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>Silvano Onofri</author>
    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
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      <value>Rock-inhabiting Ascomycetes</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Pigment</value>
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    <title language="eng">Knufia petricola – a model for exploring the biology of black rock-inhabiting fungi</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Black fungi also called black yeasts, rock-inhabiting fungi or microcolonial fungi are a group of Ascomycetes [Eurotiomycetes, Arthoniomycetes and Dothideomycetes] that exhibit high stress tolerance, yeast‑like or meristematic growth, and constitutive 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin formation. They dominate a range of hostile natural and man‑made environments – from desert rocks and salterns to dishwashers, roofs, and solar panels. Due to their slow growth and the lack of sexual cycles and genetic tools, the underlying mechanisms of black fungi’s phenotypic traits have remained largely unexplored. We consider the rock inhabitant K. petricola [Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales] a suitable model for studying the phenotypic characteristics of black fungi. With K. petricola the regulation of pigment synthesis, general stress responses and the unusual modes of cell division can be dissected by advanced reverse and forward genetics approaches. The genome of K. petricola strain A95 was sequenced using a combination of short high quality Illumina reads and long PacBio reads. The final assembly consists of twelve contigs: five complete chromosomes and six contigs with one telomer each. Gene annotation supported by transcriptomics and proteomics data was manually curated. Recently, we developed a set of genetic tools to manipulate the genome for analyzing gene functions and studying the cell biology. This set includes CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and live-cell imaging using genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, as well as protocols for -omics approaches and for simulation of mineral weathering in the laboratory. Mutants defective in DHN melanogenesis, carotenogenesis or both processes are currently studied to elucidate the role of these protective pigments in tolerance of natural and man-made stresses, weathering of olivine, penetration of marble, and adhesion to surfaces. Further, the established protocols and knowledge gained from K. petricola form a starting point for making other extremotolerant black fungi accessible to genetic manipulation.</abstract>
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    <author>Julia Schumacher</author>
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      <value>Black fungi</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Melanin</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Genome editing</value>
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