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  <doc>
    <id>59922</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
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    <title language="eng">Synergistic Effect of CO2 in Accelerating the Galvanic Corrosion of Lithium/Sodium Anodes in Alkali Metal−Carbon Dioxide Batteries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Rechargeable alkali metal−CO2 batteries, which combine high theoretical energy density and environmentally friendly CO2 fixation ability, have attracted worldwide attention. Unfortunately, their electrochemical performances are usually inferior for practical applications. Aiming to reveal the underlying causes, a combinatorial usage of advanced nondestructive and postmortem characterization tools is used to intensively study the failure mechanisms of Li/Na−CO2 batteries. It is found that a porous interphase layer is formed between the separator and the Li/Na anode during the overvoltage rising and battery performance decaying process. A series of control experiments are designed to identify the underlying mechanisms dictating the observed morphological evolution of Li/Na anodes, and it is found that the CO2 synergist facilitates Li/Na chemical corrosion, the process of which is further promoted by the unwanted galvanic corrosion and the electrochemical cycling conditions. A detailed compositional analysis reveals that the as-formed interphase layers under different conditions are similar in species, with the main differences being their inconsistent quantity. Theoretical calculation results not only suggest an inherent intermolecular affinity between the CO2 and the electrolyte solvent but also provide the most thermodynamically favored CO2 reaction pathways. Based on these results, important implications for the further development of rechargeable alkali metal−CO2 batteries are discussed. The current discoveries not only fundamentally enrich our knowledge of the failure mechanisms of rechargeable alkali metal−CO2 batteries but also provide mechanistic directions for protecting metal anodes to build high-reversible alkali metal−CO2 batteries.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ACS Nano</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acsnano.4c02329</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.04.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>J. Lu</author>
    <author>S. Zhang</author>
    <author>J. Yao</author>
    <author>Z. Guo</author>
    <author>M. Osenberg</author>
    <author>A. Hilger</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>F. Wilde</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>X. Zhang</author>
    <author>F. Sun</author>
    <author>G. Cui</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali metal batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium/sodium−carbon dioxide batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Battery failure mechanisms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali metal anodes</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59820</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Unveiling the Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Failure Mechanism of Sodium Metal Anodes in Sodium–Oxygen Batteries by Synchrotron X-Ray Computed Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Rechargeable sodium–oxygen batteries (NaOBs) are receiving extensive research interests because of their advantages such as ultrahigh energy density and cost efficiency. However, the severe failure of Na metal anodes has impeded the commercial development of NaOBs. Herein, combining in situ synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) and other complementary characterizations, a novel electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanism of sodium metal anode in NaOBs is elucidated. It is visually showcased that the Na metal anodes involve a three-stage decay evolution of a porous Na reactive interphase layer (NRIL): from the initially dot-shaped voids evolved into the spindle-shaped voids and the eventually-developed ruptured cracks. The initiation of this three-stage evolution begins with chemical-resting and is exacerbated by further electrochemical cycling. From corrosion science and fracture mechanics, theoretical simulations suggest that the evolution of porous NRIL is driven by the concentrated stress at crack tips. The findings illustrate the importance of preventing electro-chemo-mechanical degradation of Na anodes in practically&#13;
rechargeable NaOBs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Functional Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adfm.202402253</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1616-301X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.09.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>X. Zhang</author>
    <author>S. Zhang</author>
    <author>J. Lu</author>
    <author>F. Tang</author>
    <author>K. Dong</author>
    <author>Z. Yu</author>
    <author>A. Hilger</author>
    <author>M. Osenberg</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>F. Wilde</author>
    <author>S. Zhang</author>
    <author>J. Zhao</author>
    <author>G. Xu</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>F. Sun</author>
    <author>G. Cui</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NaO-battery</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62436</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Multimodal Operando Analysis of Lithium Sulfur Multilayer Pouch Cells: An In-Depth Investigation on Cell Component Design and Performance</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study presents an innovative operando analysis of lithium-sulfur (Li/S) multilayer pouch cells, employing a combination of lab-source and synchrotron x-ray imaging to investigate sulfur crystallite dissolution and lithium dendrite formation. By integrating advanced X-ray imaging, impedance spectroscopy, and simultaneous monitoring of temperature and pressure, the research uncovers critical insights into the behavior of active and inactive cell components. The analysis reveals significant degradation increments, primarily driven by side product accumulation and the deterioration of lithium microstructures, which contribute to performance loss over cycling. Additionally, temperature distribution analysis shows a strong correlation between joule heating, polarization resistance, and the observed endothermic processes during crystallization. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic processes within industrially relevant pouch cells, highlighting opportunities for optimizing Li/S cell designs and advancing high-energy-density battery systems for commercial applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Energy Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/aenm.202404256</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.01.2025</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>R. Müller</author>
    <author>T. Boenke</author>
    <author>S. Dörfler</author>
    <author>T. Abendroth</author>
    <author>P. Härtel</author>
    <author>H. Althues</author>
    <author>S. Kaskel</author>
    <author>N. Kardjilov</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Michael Sintschuk</author>
    <author>A. Hilger</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>S. Risse</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Current collector perforation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impedance spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lthium sulfur batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multilayer pouch cells</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59271</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Quantification of the Deep Discharge Induced Asymmetric Copper Deposition in Lithium‐Ion Cells by Operando Synchrotron X‐Ray Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractLithium‐ion cells connected in series are prone to an electrical safety risk called overdischarge. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the overdischarge phenomenon in lithium‐ion cells using operando nondestructive imaging. The study focuses on understanding the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition during overdischarge, which can lead to irreversible capacity loss and internal short‐circuits. By utilizing synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography (SXCT), the concentration of dissolved and deposited copper per surface area is quantified as a function of depth of discharge, confirming previous findings. The results also highlight for the first time a nonuniform distribution pattern for copper deposition on the cathode. This research provides insights for safer battery cell design.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Materials Technologies</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/admt.202301246</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-592717</identifier>
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The study focuses on understanding the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition during overdischarge, which can lead to irreversible capacity loss and internal short\u2010circuits. By utilizing synchrotron X\u2010ray computed tomography (SXCT), the concentration of dissolved and deposited copper per surface area is quantified as a function of depth of discharge, confirming previous findings. The results also highlight for the first time a nonuniform distribution pattern for copper deposition on the cathode. This research provides insights for safer battery cell design.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202301246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:44:04Z","timestamp":1701132244000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantification of the Deep Discharge Induced Asymmetric Copper Deposition in Lithium\u2010Ion Cells by Operando Synchrotron X\u2010Ray Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2596-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahabeddin","family":"Dayani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010Pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-6793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Mark\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010Pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3370-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas Krug","family":"von Nidda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010Pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0219-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010Pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010Pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0801713jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.200890286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2006.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2018.01.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab697a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0671809jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15228440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/aba00a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15041405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0241701jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c18185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.107453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577522007342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577514013939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Dragonfly 2020.2 [Computer software].http:\/\/www.theobjects.com\/dragonfly(accessed: 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85575-x"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/admt.202301246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T09:02:00Z","timestamp":1702976520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/admt.202301246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/admt.202301246"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/admt.202301246","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2365-709X","2365-709X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2365-709X","type":"print"},{"value":"2365-709X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering","Mechanics of Materials","General Materials Science"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.01.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Jonas Krug von Nidda</author>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium Ion Batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep Discharge</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computer Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Copper Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Litium Ion Cells</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.6 Elektrochemische Energiematerialien</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59271/AdvMaterialsTechnologies_2023_Dayani.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59812</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">High Precision Nail‐Penetration Setup for the Controlled Thermal Runaway Initiation of Lithium‐Ion Cells at Very Low Temperatures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A high precision nail‐penetration (NP) tool for characterizing the mechanically induced thermal‐runaway (TR) of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cells in a defined range of temperatures down to −140 °C was developed. To understand the cell specific behavior at low temperatures aiming at the determination of safe handling conditions, different scenarios are analyzed. First, accuracy tests of the NP‐tool regarding motion and penetration depth are conducted with cylindrical cells at different temperatures. Thus, postmortem computer tomographic (CT) images are compared to the data measured with the newly integrated 3‐axis force sensor which is further combined with a high‐resolution position sensor. The herein developed setup allows evaluation of the NP‐metrics at an accuracy of ±1 pierced electrode layer without CT‐scans. Further NP examinations at 20 °C of fully charged cylindrical lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cells reveal a reproducible minimum damage as a reliable TR‐trigger. Moreover, NP‐tests at low temperature disclose a relation of the short circuit conductivity and TR‐reactions during subsequent rethermalization to room temperature. Finally, the implementation of a novel fixture for a controlled very fast cooling of LIB‐cells during critical damage opens the way to investigate the individual steps during a TR and, thus, to gain important information of the specific TR‐mechanism of different LIB‐cells.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energy Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/ente.202301379</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2194-4288</identifier>
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    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Alexander Bau</author>
    <author>Max Setzchen</author>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
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      <value>Lithium-ion batteries</value>
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      <value>Abuse testing</value>
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      <value>Thermal runaway</value>
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    <title language="eng">Exploring the electrochemical and physical stability of lithium-ion cells exposed to liquid nitrogen</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transport and storage of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries — damaged or in an undefined state — is a major safety concern for regulatory institutions, transportation companies, and manufacturers. Since (electro)chemical reactivity is exponentially temperature-dependent, cooling such batteries is an obvious measure for increasing their safety.&#13;
The present study explores the effect of cryogenic freezing on the electrochemical and physical stability of Li-ion cells. For this purpose, three different types of cells were repeatedly exposed to liquid nitrogen (LN2).&#13;
Before and after each cooling cycle, electrical and electrochemical measurements were conducted to assess the impact of the individual freezing steps. While the electrochemical behavior of the cells did not change significantly upon exposure to LN2 , it became apparent that a non-negligible number of cells suffered from physical changes (swelling) and functional failures. The latter defect was found to be caused by the current interrupt device of the cylindrical cells. This safety mechanism is triggered by the overpressure of expanding nitrogen which enters the cells at cryogenic temperatures.&#13;
This study underlines that the widely accepted reversibility of LN2 -cooling on a material scale does not allow for a direct extrapolation toward the physical integrity of full cells. Since nitrogen enters the cell at cryogenic temperatures and expands upon rethermalization, it can cause an internal overpressure. This can, in turn, lead to mechanical damage to the cell. Consequently, a more appropriate temperature condition — less extreme than direct LN2 exposure — needs to be found</abstract>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Robert Leonhardt</author>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Arielle Rieck</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <author>Julia Kowal</author>
    <author>Tim Tichter</author>
    <author>Jonas Krug von Nidda</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LN2 cooling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Battery characterization</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59924/Leonhardt - LN2 stability of Li-ion cells.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61132</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>623</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Visualization of stepwise electrode decomposition in a nail penetrated commercial lithium-ion cell using low-temperature synchrotron X-ray computed tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transition towards zero carbon emissions in power generation hinges on the integration of efficient electrical energy storage systems, with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) positioned as a pivotal technology. While generally safe, deviations in their operational guidelines due to manufacturing defects or misuse can lead to critical safety concerns, notably thermal runaway (TR) events. Internal short circuits (ISCs) are primary initiators of TR within LIBs. For abuse testing, ISCs are often triggered by nail penetration. This study explores the morphological changes and mechanisms underlying ISC-induced TR in LIBs using operando synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) at subzero temperatures. A novel cryogenic setup was developed to control a stepwise temperature increase in the damaged sample while monitoring electrochemical characteristics and simultaneously enabling acquisition of high-resolution SXCT images. The findings reveal that conducting nail penetration at minus 80°C prevents immediate TR, enabling detailed analysis of subsequent structural and electrochemical behavior during controlled thawing. Thus, the initiation of TR processes at localized ISC sites has been observed, evidenced by voltage fluctuations and morphological changes, such as cathode material cracking and decomposition. These results underscore the importance of temperature control in mitigating TR risks and provide critical insights into the internal dynamics of LIBs under abusive conditions. The developed cryogenic SXCT methodology offers a powerful tool for non-destructive, high-resolution investigation of battery failure mechanisms, contributing to the enhancement of LIB safety.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of power sources</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235472</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611327</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <author>J. Kowal</author>
    <author>Y. Lu</author>
    <author>Jonas Krug von Nidda</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.6 Elektrochemische Energiematerialien</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61132/Boettcher_Dayani_JPS.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60658</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In situ tomographic imaging with hard x rays at Bamline (BESSY II)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The BAMline at the synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) is supporting researchers especially in materials science [1]. As a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography (SXCT) with hard X-Rays, plays an important role in structural 3D characterization. The imaging capabilities allow for in-situ and operando experiments. In this presentation the equipment, data handling pipeline as well as various examples from material science are presented.&#13;
In series-connected lithium-ion cells are susceptible to an electrical safety hazard called over-discharge. Here the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition during over-discharge is presented, which leads to irreversible loss of capacity and internal short circuits. The concentration of dissolved and deposited copper is quantified. Also, a non-uniform distribution pattern of copper deposition on the cathode is shown. &#13;
The second example deals with an Al alloy 7017 customized for a 3d-printing process by means of laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) technique. These advanced alloys have a significantly higher modulus of elasticity than conventional Al alloys, making them attractive for applications requiring high stiffness. SXCT during In-situ tensile tests confirmed that fracture initiation strongly depends on defects created during printing. However, the cracks are deflected from decohesion around inclusions/precipitates embedded in the Al matrix, increasing ductility. &#13;
Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) multilayer housings offer 3D-circuits for a wide range of applications in telecommunications, microsystems and sensor technology. Such housings are produced by combining structured and metallized ceramic layers using tape-casting and multilayer technology. The characterization of the integrity, deformation, defects, and positioning of the internal metal features was carried out using in-situ SXCT at up to 950°C.&#13;
A high-precision nail penetration tool was developed to characterize the mechanically induced thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells in a dynamic temperature range down to -190 °C. To investigate safety-specific low-temperature transport conditions, the damaged cells were tomographically imaged during thawing.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICTMS - International Conference on Materials and Structures 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Cape Town, South Africa</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Li-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54431</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2103714</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Clarifying the Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Coupling in Li10SnP2S12 based All-Solid-State Batteries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A fundamental clarification of the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling at the solid–solid electrode|electrolyte interface in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) is of crucial significance but has proven challenging. Herein, (synchrotron) X-ray tomography, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and finite element analysis (FEA) modeling are jointly used to decouple the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling in Li10SnP2S12-based ASSBs. Non-destructive (synchrotron) X-ray tomography results visually disclose unexpected mechanical deformation of the solid electrolyte and electrode as well as an unanticipated evolving behavior of the (electro)chemically generated interphase. The EIS and TOFSIMS probing results provide additional information that links the interphase/electrode properties to the overall battery performance. The modeling results complete the picture by providing the detailed distribution of the mechanical stress/strain and the potential/ionic flux within the electrolyte.&#13;
Collectively, these results suggest that 1) the interfacial volume changes induced by the (electro)chemical reactions can trigger the mechanical deformation of the solid electrode and electrolyte; 2) the overall electrochemical process can accelerate the interfacial chemical reactions; 3) the reconfigured interfaces in turn influence the electric potential distribution as well as charge transportation within the SE. These fundamental discoveries that remain unreported until now significantly improve the understanding of the complicated&#13;
electro-chemo-mechanical couplings in ASSBs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Energy Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/aenm.202103714</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1614-6832</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.03.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>F. Sun</author>
    <author>C. Wang</author>
    <author>M. Osenberg</author>
    <author>K. Dong</author>
    <author>S. Zhang</author>
    <author>C. Yang</author>
    <author>Y. Wang</author>
    <author>A. Hilger</author>
    <author>J. Zhang</author>
    <author>S. Dong</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>G. Cui</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>All-solid-state batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium metal batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solid electrolytes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sulfide solid electrolytes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58958</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Tomographic Imaging Capabilities with hard X-Rays at BAMline (Bessy II)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The BAMline at the synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) is supporting researchers especially in materials science. As a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography with hard X-Rays, plays an important role in structural 3D characterization. The imaging capabilities allow for in-situ and operando experiments. In this presentation the equipment, data handling pipeline as well as various examples from material science are presented.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Correlative Materials Characterization Workshop 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Brno, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Li-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53394</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2100557</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>5</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Synchrotron X-ray tomography for rechargeable battery research: Fundamentals, setups and applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Understanding the complicated interplay of the continuously evolving electrode materials in their inherent 3D states during the battery operating condition is of great importance for advancing rechargeable battery research.&#13;
In this regard, the synchrotron X-ray tomography technique, which enables non-destructive, multi-scale, and 3D imaging of a variety of electrode components before/during/after battery operation, becomes an essential tool to deepen this understanding. The past few years have witnessed an increasingly growing interest in applying this technique in battery research. Hence, it is time to not only summarize the already obtained battery-related Knowledge by using this technique, but also to present a fundamental elucidation of this technique to boost future studies in battery research. To this end, this review firstly introduces the fundamental principles and experimental Setups of the synchrotron X-ray tomography technique. After that, a user guide to ist application in battery research and examples of its applications in Research of various types of batteries are presented. The current review ends with a discussion of the future opportunities of this technique for next-generation rechargeable batteries research. It is expected that this review can enhance the reader’s understanding of the synchrotron X-ray tomography technique and stimulate new ideas and opportunities in battery research.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Small Methods</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/smtd.202100557</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">29.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>F Tang</author>
    <author>Z Wu</author>
    <author>C Yang</author>
    <author>M Osenberg</author>
    <author>A Hilger</author>
    <author>K Dong</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>I Manke</author>
    <author>F Sun</author>
    <author>L Chen</author>
    <author>G Cui</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3D imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-Ray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60752</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of detector backlighting and other effects in neutron darkfield images</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Neutron imaging can provide unique contrast mechanisms. In order to yield reliable and reproducible attenuation coefficients for quantification, one needs to fully understand and characterize the experimental set-up. One effect that has been largely overlooked in scintillator-camera based neutron imaging systems is the backlight scattering or back illumination in the detection system which can significantly affect the quantification of attenuation coefficients and lead to severe errors and image artifacts. Herein, backlighting is investigated by varying the illuminated detector area and the magnitude of the attenuation. The attenuation coefficient of multiple metal plates was determined by polychromatic neutrons bu the CONRAD V7 instrument. The strength of the back illumination strongly depends upon the sample absorption. While it is relatively moderate (a few percent) for weak absorbing samples, it can be severe when the sample is a strong absorber or thick.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Instrumentation Science &amp; Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">1073-9149</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/10739149.2024.2380772</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.08.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>A. Al-Falahat</author>
    <author>N. Kardjilov</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>R. Woracek</author>
    <author>S. Alrwashdeh</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Attenuation coefficient</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polycromatic neutrons</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scintillator</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
