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  <doc>
    <id>52363</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Elucidation of competitive oxidation/sulfidation reactions on binary ferritic alloys</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ferritic-austenitic chromia-forming alloys are frequently used as boiler tubes and heat exchanger materials for fossil-,biomass, and co-fired power plants. In all applied environments several strongly corrosive gaseous species such as CO2, SO2, SO3, H2O, O2 exist, causing materials degradation by high-temperature corrosion. The elucidation of degradation mechanisms introduced by multiple gases is challenging due to the presence of different oxidizing agents contributing to the competing reactions for oxidation, sulfurization or carburization. The degradation processes can be divided into initial stages, a transitional stage and the further proceeding steady-state oxidation reaction. Especially the long-term steady-state oxidation and further materials’ life-time are strongly dependent on the initial stages. The adsorption and absorption of the reactive species at the alloy surface and the growing oxide in the initial reaction is further influenced by dissociation and re-reactions of the gas phase molecules. To understand these mechanisms from a fundamental point of view in more detail, dedicated experiments and advanced characterization techniques on various length scale need to be applied. Real-time approaches using highly energetic synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed a high potential to enlighten competitively mechanisms by following the corrosion reactions in-situ in the environment they occur. Despite various other thin film characterization techniques, time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful tool to visualize light atoms or labeled isotopes enabling the Differentiation between different oxidizing species. It was especially shown to be applicable in challenging atmospheres containing KCl deposits or in CO/CO2/O2 environments. The present study analyses the competing oxidation/sulfidation process in a humid atmosphere on two ferritic alloys with 2 and 9 % in weight chromium by in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) and comparative tube furnace exposure using S16O2 and H2 18O atmosphere.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Conference on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials HTCPM 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.03.2021</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Christiane Stephan-Scherb</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High Temperature Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ferritic Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SIMS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EDXRD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61378</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Polymer Composites Under Continuous and Reciprocating Sliding Conditions In Hydrogen</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The implementation of hydrogen as an alternative energy source to fossil fuels necessitates the use of compatible materials for safety purposes, and thermoplastics are widely utilized in this context. The application of polymers in gaseous and liquid hydrogen environments requires careful consideration of their tribological performance, as the operating environment is dramatically different from ambient conditions. Friction, wear, and lubrication are crucial factors to consider in this regard. Researchers have investigated various strategies to enhance the tribological performance of polymers in hydrogen environments, including modifying the composition and structure of polymers by incorporating fillers to improve their friction and wear resistance.&#13;
&#13;
The tribological properties of polymer composites based on matrices of PEEK, PPS, and PI have been mostly investigated using the continuous sliding test method, and the results indicate that these materials are suitable candidates for tribological applications in both gaseous and liquid hydrogen. This project explores the tribological properties of related polymer composites in hydrogen using continuous and reciprocating motion with a pin-on-disc testing method.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Polytrib2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Portorož, Slovenia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Sheuyange Namwoonde</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polymers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Friction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wear</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tribological behaviour</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.5 Tribologie und Verschleißschutz</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52082</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hydrogen - Trust through safety</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In den Virtual Talks der DECHEMA wurden allgemeine Aspekte der Sicherheit und Akzeptanz von Wasserstofftechnologien vorgestellt. Wie kann Vertrauen in neue Technologien geschaffen werden, wenn Unfälle aus der Vergangenheit zu Mythen und Märchen führten? Der Vortrag räumt mit allgemeinen Vorurteilen auf und zeigt, dass der Umgang mit Wasserstoff weder unsicherer, noch sicherer ist als der Umgang mit anderen Brenngasen. Basis für den sicheren Umgang mit Wasserstoff ist immer eine Risikoanalyse.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">In the DECHEMA Virtual Talks, general aspects of the safety and acceptance of hydrogen technologies were presented. How can trust in new technologies be built when past accidents led to myths and fairy tales? The presentation does away with general prejudices and shows that handling hydrogen is neither more unsafe nor safer than handling other fuel gases. The basis for the safe handling of hydrogen is always a risk analysis.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DECHEMA Virtual Talks</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Kai Holtappels</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sicherer Umgang</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sicherheit</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58776</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Performance of Conventional and Additive Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steels under Gaseous Hydrogen Environment using in-situ Hollow Specimen Technique</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen and its derivatives (e.g. ammonia) are considered as a suitable energy carrier in the future supply of renewable energy. Hydrogen transportation systems require pipes, valves and fittings, among other components. In this sense, austenitic stainless steels are commonly used structural materials for pure hydrogen applications. Stable austenitic alloys, like AISI 316L, are often assumed to be practically unsusceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. At the same time, a number of studies show the influence of hydrogen even in 316L under some circumstances. Some other studies state that this embrittlement could be avoided by using steel grades with a higher nickel equivalent which contributes to a more stable austenitic phase. Nonetheless, 316L is widely used in hydrogen atmospheres since many years because of lower costs and positive practical experience. For these reasons, not only 316L but also 304 could be further utilized by identifying the exact constraints.&#13;
With increasing demand for components regarding hydrogen applications, additive manufacturing technologies are getting increasingly important complementary to conventional manufacturing. In the context of additive manufacturing, 316L is a common material as well. The manufacturing process offers great advantages due to higher freedoms in design and the possibility for customized components in small batches. For example, valves with improved flow characteristics and reduced component weight can be produced. Nevertheless, there is still lack of experience and experimental results concerning additively manufactured parts under hydrogen service. Therefore, the influence on the material properties for additively manufactured parts in hydrogen environments needs to be further investigated.&#13;
In the present work, slow strain rate testing (SSRT) has been applied using hollow specimens. This testing procedure allows to perform practicable and faster in-situ tests in comparison to tests in autoclaves and investigate the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties.&#13;
Conventional AISI 304 and 316L specimens as well as additively manufactured 316L specimens were tested at room temperature and a pressure of 200 bar. Elongation at fracture and relative reduction of area (RRA) have been used to evaluate the influence of hydrogen. It is shown that the influence of hydrogen is more pronounced in 304 than in 316L. Furthermore, potentially influencing factors such as surface roughness, microstructure and porosity are discussed.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Hydrogen Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Park City, Utah, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow Specimen Technique</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Austenitic Steels</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60617</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of the resistance of X65 pipeline steel and weld to gaseous hydrogen using the hollow specimen technique</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The constantly increasing demand for renewable energy sources lead to the necessity of transporting large amounts of hydrogen. Since pipelines enable a cost-effective way for the distribution of gaseous hydrogen, the interaction of hydrogen and the pipeline materials must be carefully investigated as hydrogen can cause a degradation of the mechanical properties under certain conditions. Especially welds, which are assumed to be more susceptible to the degradation enhanced by hydrogen, are of great interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gaseous hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an X65 pipeline, and the longitudinal submerged arc welding (SAW) welded joint. The tests are conducted using the hollow specimen technique on two types of specimens: one extracted from the base material (BM) and the other extracted as a cross-weld (CW) specimen consisting of base material and weld seam. The specimens are charged in-situ under a pressure of 60 bar and tested using slow strain rate (SSR) tensile tests with a nominal strain rate of 10-5 s-1. The performed tests showed a decrease of the reduction of area (RA) from 72% in inert atmosphere to 52% in hydrogen atmosphere for the CW-specimen and a decrease from 73% in inert atmosphere to 51% for the BM. Metallographic analyses showed the crack initiation between fine grain heat affected zone (FGHAZ) and BM for the specimens tested in hydrogen atmosphere as well as for the reference specimens. This leads to the conclusion that the location of the crack initiation does not change due to the presence of gaseous hydrogen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">77th IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Rhodes, Greece</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow-specimen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SSRT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53606</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>125271</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>275</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of machining on the surface integrity of high- and  medium-entropy alloys</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High- and medium-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a quite new class of materials. They have a high potential for applications from low to high temperatures due to the excellent combination of their structural properties. &#13;
Concerning their application as components; processing properties, such as machinability, have hardly been investigated so far. Hence, machinability analyses with a focus on the influence of the milling process and its basic parameters (cutting speed, feed per cutting edge) on the resulting surface integrity of specimens from an equiatomic high- (CoCrFeMnNi) and a medium- (CoCrNi) entropy alloy have been carried out. A highly innovative milling process with ultrasonic assistance (USAM) was compared to conventional milling processes. &#13;
Recent studies have shown that USAM has a high potential to significantly reduce the mechanical load on the tool and workpiece surface during milling. In this study, the basic machining and ultrasonic parameters were systematically varied. After machining, the surface integrity of the alloys was analyzed in terms of topography, defects, subsurface damage, and residual stresses. It was observed that USAM reduces the cutting forces and increases the surface integrity in terms of lower tensile residual stresses and defect density near the surfaces for the CoCrFeMnNi alloy. It was shown that the cutting forces and the metallurgical influence in the sub surface region are reduced by increasing the cutting speed and reducing the feed rate per cutting edge. With the CoCrNi alloy, the tool revealed severe wear. As a result, for this alloy no influence of the parameters on the machinability could be determined.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Chemistry and Physics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125271</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0254-0584</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.10.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Tim Richter</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Andreas Boerner</author>
    <author>Romeo Saliwan Neumann</author>
    <author>M. Schneider</author>
    <author>G. Laplanche</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High Entropy Alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Medium Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic assited machining</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56032</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Application of an in-situ H2Test Method</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The degradation effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steels is well known, but still not sufficiently understood. The fast and safe market ramp up of hydrogen technologies makes it evident to evaluate a wider understanding of this topic. In general it is often described as hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore it is desirable to achieve a test method which is able to provide material properties under hydrogen atmosphere in an easy way. Currently mechanical tests under hydrogen atmosphere are executed in autoclaves. For this technique complex hardware is needed, therefore tests are expensive and test capacities are only available in a small scale. The shown test method promises a trendsetting approach for reducing costs and machine time by using hollow specimen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th International Conference on Metals and Hydrogen - Steely &amp; Hydrogen 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ghent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow specimen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Test procedure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50471</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>267</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>281</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>64</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hydrogen diffusion in creep-resistant 9% Cr P91 multi-layer weld metal</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Welded components of P91 9% Cr steel demand for careful welding fabrication with necessary post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Before the PWHT, a hydrogen removal heat treatment is necessary for avoidance of hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC). In this context, the microstructure and temperature-dependent hydrogen diffusion is important, and reliable diffusion coefficients of P91 weld metal are rare. For that reason, the diffusion behavior of P91 multi-layer weld metal was investigated for as-welded (AW) and PWHT condition by electrochemical permeation experiments at room temperature and carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) from 100 to 400 °C. Hydrogen diffusion coefficients were calculated, and the corresponding hydrogen&#13;
concentration was measured. It was ascertained that both heat treatment conditions show significant differences. At room&#13;
temperature the AW condition showed significant hydrogen trapping expressed by to seven times lower diffusion coefficients. A preferred diffusion direction was found in perpendicular direction expressed by high permeability. The CGHE experiments&#13;
revealed lower diffusion coefficients for the AW condition up to 400 °C. In this context, a hydrogen concentration of approximately 21 ml/100 g was still trapped at 100 °C. For that reason, a certain HAC susceptibility of as-welded P91 weld metal cannot&#13;
be excluded, and hydrogen removal should be done before PWHT.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-019-00828-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.03.2020</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Tim Richter</author>
    <author>P. Mayr</author>
    <author>A. Nitsche</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep resisting materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld metal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58624</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Schadensprävention durch Werkstoff- und Komponentenprüfung unter Druckwasserstoff</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Historischer Schadensfall Wasserstoff-Gasflaschen von A. Martens aus dem Jahr 1894 / Kurzvorstellung H2Safety und ModuH2Pipe / Prüfung von Hohlzugproben unter Druckwasserstoff</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">49. VDI-Jahrestagung Schadensanalyse - Schadensprävention bei Druckwasserstoff und Schadensprävention für Kunststoff- und Elastomerprodukte</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Würzburg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">18.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hohlzugprobe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>H2Safety@BAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MatCom</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ModuH2Pipe@BAM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58623</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Schadensprävention durch Werkstoff- und Komponentenprüfung unter Druckwasserstoff</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Historischer Schadensfall Wasserstoff-Gasflaschen von A. Martens aus dem Jahr 1894 .Prüfung von Hohlzugproben unter Druckwasserstoff - Herausforderungen und Umsetzung.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Forum Schadenverhütung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berlin Brandenburg (AGS) in Kooperation mit der AGBB Berlin e.V.</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">12.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hohlzugprobe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58220</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hollow specimens as simplified approach for testing metallic materials under high pressure hydrogen development and utilization</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The hydrogen economy requires large-scale storage and transportation options like long-distance transmission pipelines. The applied materials (typically steels) must be carefully tested under different conditions (pressure, temperature, impact of impurities, etc.) for their suitability and service with hydrogen. In combination with mechanical load, as occurs in every gas network, hydrogen can induce degradation of the mechanical properties and promote finally resulting in embrittlement, i.e., the formation of cracks. The conventional testing procedures consist of autoclaves in which samples are strained under pressurized hydrogen. The test apparatus requires large amounts of hydrogen and thus a high level of safety and costs. In very specific cases, these tests might be replaced by simplified electrochemical charging. However, these test alternatives raise several questions regarding the equivalency of both testing scenarios. In the early 1980’s the idea of a so-called hollow tensile sample raised and was reinitiated 2021 in ISO TC 164 by T. Ogata (NIMS, Japan) and further developed (e.g. by Fraunhofer IWM, Germany). The idea was: the sample itself represents the autoclave instead of charging a sample from outside. For that reason, a hole is drilled through the sample and the inner surface is pressurized by hydrogen gas during the mechanical testing. Indeed, this represents the main advantage as no expensive pressure-resistant autoclave equipment for large H-volumes is necessary, which significantly reduces the safety-related issues and thus the high costs. In the following, we show recent activities at BAM Berlin on adaption of the hollow-specimen technique for slow strain rate testing (SSRT). The current research activities are focussed on macroscopic influences like the sample geometry, minimum necessary dimensions, and microscopic influences e.g., on the surface by the processing method (drill hole quality and geometric precision) as well as the gas pressure effect (mechanical deformation of surface in different media).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">FEMS EUROMAT 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Frankfurt a. M., Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow tensile specimen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-pressure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Testing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52156</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>691</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>725</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition>26</edition>
    <issue/>
    <volume>1</volume>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Springer-Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das Kapitel beginnt mit einer kurzen Einführung über die Korrosion (Wechselwirkung zwischen einem Metall, einer korrosiven Umgebung und der der jeweiligen Konstruktion). Im zweiten Abschnitt werden die wichtigsten Formen der wässrigen elektrochemischen Korrosion (Flächenkorrosion, galvanische, selektive und interkristalline Korrosion sowie Loch- und Spaltkorrosion) betrachtet. Darüber hinaus wird die elektrochemische Korrosion unter mechanischer Belastung betrachtet (Spannungsrisskorrosion, wasserstoffunterstützte Rissbildung, Korrosionsermüdung), sowie Sonderformen der Korrosion (Erosion, Fretting und mikrobiologisch induzierte Korrosion). Der dritte Abschnitt befasst sich mit der chemischen und Hochtemperaturkorrosion (Oxidation, Aufkohlung, Hochtemperatur-Wasserstoffangriff, Aufschwefelung, Nitrierung, Halogenierung). Zusätzlich enthält das Kapitel Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung der Korrosion.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DUBBEL - Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau: Grundlagen und Tabellen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-662-59710-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-662-59711-8_34</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>T. Falkenreck</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spannungsrisskorrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Loch- u. Spaltkorrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60912</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The applicability of the hollow specimen technique for testing various metals under high pressure hydrogen atmosphere</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transition to a decarbonised economy will require large amounts of hydrogen over a broad variety of applications. The use of hydrogen poses high safety requirements as hydrogen can be absorbed by metallic materials and result in hydrogen embrittlement under certain condi-tions. For this reason, interactions of gaseous hydrogen and metallic materials are of high sci-entific and industrial interest. Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests are commonly used to evaluate the hydrogen-induced ductility loss of alloys. However, the current standardised test method describes a complex and expensive procedure with limited availability worldwide. The hollow specimen technique promises huge potential for scaling suitable in-situ testing infra-structure and is currently under intensive development in several institutes around the world. As this method has only gained significant attention in the last decade, there are varying interpretations, particularly when testing materials with vastly different mechanical properties. Most available literature focuses on common steels used in hydrogen and natural gas piping systems. The present work provides an overview of the widespread applicability of hollow specimens in evaluating the effect of high-pressure hydrogen on the tensile properties of vari-ous metallic materials. The research presented includes Near-Net shape produced additively manufactured (AM) AISI 316 L, ferritic X65 steel, its weld seam, and solution annealed and hardened 100Cr6 steel.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Conference on Fracture 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zagreb, Croatia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.08.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.08.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow specimen technique</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SSRT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53598</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of Hydrogen Uptake and Diffusion in Structural Components in the Field of Renewable Energy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Great efforts are invested worldwide in the development of efficient electrolysis processes, fuel cells technologies and hydrogen transport and storage infrastructures. This includes the exploitation of existing gas-grid infrastructure for the injection of hydrogen. Considering transport and storage facilities, the utilization of gaseous hydrogen can be divided into two main groups which are differentiating in the pressure regime. Fueling stations are operating in high pressure (&gt;800 bar) and high purity and therefore use austenitic stainless steels in their compression systems. On the other hand, existing gas infrastructure where the natural gas is transported across long distances is usually operating with up to 300 bar. In this case the pipe-systems consist of several steel classes, mainly low alloyed steels in which the surface quality and the gas mixture are strongly varying.  &#13;
Even though ingress of hydrogen can lead to catastrophic failures in all steels, its exact impact on the mechanical properties, as well as its interaction with the surface, microstructure and lattice and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, research on the impact of gaseous hydrogen in pressure vessels and pipes has clearly an integral part on the path to safe and sustainable use of the different components along the different chains. This becomes even more relevant considering the influence of impurities in the gas, e.g. sulfur and with the introduction of new production technologies, such as additive manufacturing, into the market. &#13;
Determination of these interactions and impact that might lead to the degradation of the properties can allow a safe use of steels in present and future hydrogen-based energy applications.&#13;
The following contribution gives an overview of the problem and introduction to the conventional and innovative tools used and developed nowadays to analyze it. For this purpose, materials were loaded with hydrogen by electrochemical means and under high pressure and elevated temperatures. The results presented provide an invaluable insight into the impact of hydrogen on the integrity of selected steels used in the two mentioned above applications. This work is part of an ongoing research in which mechanical, chemical, structural, and microstructural analyses tools are combined in-situ and ex-situ.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MPA 46th Seminar: Additive Manufacturing, Hydrogen, Energy, Integrity</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.10.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.10.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gaseous hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>185</pageFirst>
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    <edition>2nd Edition</edition>
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    <volume>2021</volume>
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    <publisherName>Springer Nature Switzerland AG</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">6. Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The chapter starts with a brief introduction about corrosion, which is defined as the interdependency between a metal, a corrosive environment, and the respective component design. The second section introduces the most important forms of aqueous electrochemical corrosion (uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, selective and intergranular corrosion, and finally pitting and crevice corrosion in the case of passive layer forming metals). In addition, electrochemical corrosion under applied mechanical load is introduced (stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen-assisted cracking, corrosion fatigue), as well as special forms of corrosion (erosion, fretting, and microbiologically induced corrosion). The third section of this chapter introduces (mostly dry) chemical corrosion and high-temperature corrosion (oxidation, carburization, high-temperature hydrogen attack, sulfurization, nitriding, halogenation). As in the case of electrochemical corrosion, chemical corrosion can also be superimposed by mechanical loads. Finally, general facts on the testing of corrosion are introduced.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-030-47035-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-47035-7_6</identifier>
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    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>T. Falkenreck</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion testing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Handbook</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemical corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical corrosion</value>
    </subject>
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  <doc>
    <id>55986</id>
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    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM – Safeguarding the Quality Infrastructure in the Hydrogen Economy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen is a central component of the energy transition and the European Green Deal for a climate-neutral Europe. To achieve the goals defined for 2050, the EU and the German government have developed a framework for action and are making long-term investments in research, development, and the rapid implementation of innovative hydrogen technologies.&#13;
With the Competence Centre "H2Safety@BAM", BAM is creating the safety-related prerequisites for the successful implementation of hydrogen technologies at national as well as European level.&#13;
To this end, BAM conducts research, testing and consulting in a holistic and inter-disciplinary manner under one roof – in the Competence Centre H2Safety@BAM. The activities of the competence centre focus on ensuring the safety of infra-structures, plants, and processes as well as innovative hydrogen transport and storage systems based on digital quality testing and the experimental testing of components and systems. It thus creates the prerequisites for the implementation and adaptation of legal framework conditions as well as for standardization. Closely related to this are investigations into the properties and compatibility of metallic materials and polymers as well as friction systems for the safe operation of components, plants, processes, and systems. This interdisciplinary and holistic approach is complemented by the development of gas analytics and suitable sensors, online measurements of gas properties in process control, test scenarios under real conditions as well as impact assessments of accidents and risk assessments and risk management systems derived from them. With its portfolio of tasks and competences, BAM builds trust in the safety and reliability of technical system solutions for hydrogen.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.we-heraeus-stiftung.de/veranstaltungen/metrology-and-process-safety-for-hydrogen-technologies-and-applications/</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">772. WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Metrology and Process Safety for Hydrogen Technologies &amp; Applications</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bad Honnef, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.10.2022</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Maiwald</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>H2Safety@BAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Competence Center</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Strategy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Green Deal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risk Assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality Infrastructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56233</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
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    <title language="eng">Additive manufacturing for components in hydrogen technologies</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With the introduction of a hydrogen-based energy and national economy, safety-relevant components for hydrogen technologies are becoming increasingly important. Characteristic of hydrogen technologies are, for example, harsh environmental conditions such as cryogenic or high-pressure storage, corrosion issues in fuel cells and electrolyzers, turbines, and many more. Additive manufacturing of components is becoming increasingly important and irreplaceable for the production of complex technical systems. Using the case studies of burners for gas turbines and electrodes and membranes for polymer (PEMFC) and solid oxide (SOFC) fuel cells, this article shows the potential of additive manufacturing of components. At the same time, however, the challenge of considering divergent mechanical properties depending on the direction of assembly in a "hydrogen-compatible" manner is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges posed by additive manufacturing and hydrogen for materials testing are highlighted under scenarios that are as realistic as possible.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MPA-Workshop Hydrogen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Technologies</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Overview</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51371</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Die Wasserstoffstrategie der BAM; Kompetenzzentrum H 2 safety@bam</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das Thema Wasserstoff ist an der BAM seit mehr als hundert Jahren aktuell und steht auch gegenwärtig im Zentrum zahlreicher Forschungs- und Kooperationsaktivitäten. Mit der aktuellen Wasserstoff-Strategie der BAM werden wichtige Voraussetzungen dafür geschaffen, dass der Markthochlauf gelingt und die technische Sicherheit und Überwachung der Infrastrukturen und Anlagen gewährleistet ist – von der Erzeugung, über den Transport bis zur Speicherung und Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff als Energieträger der Zukunft.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1st Digital AK PostDocs Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.10.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Teresa Orellana Pérez</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kompetenzzentrum H2Safety@BAM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffstrategie</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52600</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>102812</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>106</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Effect of PAA-induced surface etching on the adhesion properties of ZnO nanostructured films</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Zinc oxide - polymer interfaces are known to exhibit interesting properties regarding molecular adhesion. This work is aimed at the investigation of the effect of the morphology and surface chemistry on the macroscopic adhesion of a model epoxy-based adhesive to nanorod (ZnO NR) and nanocrystalline (ZnO NC) ZnO-modified surfaces. Both ZnO films have been prepared using hydrothermal synthesis on hot-dip galvanized steel (HDG) surfaces by varying the precursor chemistry in order to control the film morphology. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) was used to improve the interfacial adhesion by modifying the morphology and surface chemistry of ZnO nanostructured films. The strong interaction of PAA from a dilute and neutral aqueous solution with the ZnO nanocrystallites was shown to significantly improve the interfacial adhesion by means of a nanoetching process.&#13;
It was shown that the wet peel-forces correlate well with the considered morphology and surface chemistry.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Adhesion &amp; Adhesives</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0143-7496</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.102812</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>D. Meinderink</author>
    <author>C. Kielar</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>L. Ruhm</author>
    <author>F. Rieker</author>
    <author>K. Nolkemper</author>
    <author>A. G. Orive</author>
    <author>Özlem Özcan Sandikcioglu</author>
    <author>G. Grundmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interfacial stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Morphology control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Poly(acrylic acid)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adhesion by mechanical interlocking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ZnO films</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ZnO nanorods Nanocrystalline</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53789</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Corrosion Properties and Protective Oxide Film Characteristics of CrMnFeCoNi High Entropy Alloy and CrCoNi Medium Entropy Alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High and medium entropy alloys gained increasing academic and industrial interest as novel materials for engineering applications. This project is aiming to clarify and compare the general and local corrosion properties of high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi and medium entropy alloy CrCoNi in different aqueous environments. The focus lies on the local corrosion processes that result either from microstructural imperfections (inclusions, defects at grain boundaries etc.) in the base material or processing related changes in the microstructure and/or local composition.&#13;
The corrosion behavior of the alloys was monitored via potentiodynamic polarization experiments and the local corrosion characteristics were further investigated by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Their passivation behavior was analyzed in two different electrolyte systems (NaCl and H2SO4 c = 0.1M). The characterization of the surface morphology and composition of the passive film was performed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. To analyze the semiconducting properties of the passive film Mott-Schottky analysis was conducted.&#13;
Considering long term corrosion effects, electrochemical work was supported with immersion tests and the analysis of corrosion products by SEM/EDX, ICP-MS and XPS depth-profiling. Our results indicate that the medium entropy alloy CrCoNi has a significantly higher corrosion resistance due to the higher concentration of chromium in comparison to the high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi. The presentation will summarize our results on the mechanistical aspects of the observed high corrosion resistance.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ISE Annual 72nd meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.08.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Annica Wetzel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aqueous Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Medium Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Atomic Forc Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Potentiodynamic Polarization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ICP-MS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53787</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Local corrosion properties of high/medium entropy alloys in aqueous environments</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High and medium entropy alloys gained increasing academic and industrial interest as novel materials for engineering applications. This project is aiming to clarify and compare the general and local corrosion properties of high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi and medium entropy alloy CrCoNi in different aqueous environments. The focus lies on the local corrosion processes that result either from microstructural imperfections (inclusions, defects at grain boundaries etc.) in the base material or processing related changes in the microstructure and/or local composition.&#13;
The corrosion behavior of the alloys was monitored via potentiodynamic polarization experiments and the local corrosion characteristics were further investigated by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Their passivation behavior was analyzed in three different electrolyte systems (NaCl, H2SO4 and NaClO4; c = 0.1M). The characterization of the surface morphology and composition of the passive film was performed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. &#13;
Considering long term corrosion effects, electrochemical work was supported with immersion tests and the analysis of corrosion products by SEM/EDX and XPS depth-profiling. Our results indicate that the medium entropy alloy CrCoNi has a significantly higher corrosion resistance in comparison to the high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi. The presentation will summarize some of our results on the mechanistical aspects of the observed high corrosion resistance.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EUROCORR 2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Annica Wetzel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Medium Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Atomic Forc Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Potentiodynamic Polarization</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53791</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Corrosion Properties and Protective Oxide Film Characteristics of CrMnFeCoNi High Entropy Alloy and CrCoNi Medium Entropy Alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High and medium entropy alloys gained increasing academic and industrial interest as novel materials for engineering applications. This project is aiming to clarify and compare the general and local corrosion properties of high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi and medium entropy alloy CrCoNi in different aqueous environments. The focus lies on the local corrosion processes that result either from microstructural imperfections (inclusions, defects at grain boundaries etc.) in the base material or processing related changes in the microstructure and/or local composition.&#13;
The corrosion behavior of the alloys was monitored via potentiodynamic polarization experiments and the local corrosion characteristics were further investigated by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Their passivation behavior was analyzed in three different electrolyte systems (NaCl, H2SO4 and NaClO4; c = 0.1M). The characterization of the surface morphology and composition of the passive film was performed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. &#13;
Considering long term corrosion effects, electrochemical work was supported with immersion tests and the analysis of corrosion products by SEM/EDX and XPS depth-profiling. Our results indicate that the medium entropy alloy CrCoNi has a significantly higher corrosion resistance due to the higher concentration of Chromium in comparison to the high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi. The presentation will summarize our results on the mechanistical aspects of the observed high corrosion resistance.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EUROCORR 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Annica Wetzel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aqueous Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Medium Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Atomic Forc Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Potentiodynamic Polarization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ICP-MS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53790</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Corrosion Properties and Protective Oxide Film Characteristics of CrMnFeCoNi High Entropy Alloy and CrCoNi Medium Entropy Alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High and medium entropy alloys gained increasing academic and industrial interest as novel materials for engineering applications. This project is aiming to clarify and compare the general and local corrosion properties of high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi and medium entropy alloy CrCoNi in different aqueous environments. The focus lies on the local corrosion processes that result either from microstructural imperfections (inclusions, defects at grain boundaries etc.) in the base material or processing related changes in the microstructure and/or local composition.&#13;
The corrosion behavior of the alloys was monitored via potentiodynamic polarization experiments and the local corrosion characteristics were further investigated by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Their passivation behavior was analyzed in three different electrolyte systems (NaCl, H2SO4 and NaClO4; c = 0.1M). The characterization of the surface morphology and composition of the passive film was performed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. &#13;
Considering long term corrosion effects, electrochemical work was supported with immersion tests and the analysis of corrosion products by SEM/EDX and XPS depth-profiling. Our results indicate that the medium entropy alloy CrCoNi has a significantly higher corrosion resistance due to the higher concentration of Chromium in comparison to the high entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi. The presentation will summarize our results on the mechanistical aspects of the observed high corrosion resistance.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EuroMat 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.09.21</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.09.21</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Annica Wetzel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aqueous Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Medium Entropy Alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Atomic Forc Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Potentiodynamic Polarization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ICP-MS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59052</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>432</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>436</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobjectvolume</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Bangkok</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Production of a hydraulic material from post treated steelmaking slags</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Steelmaking slag is a by-product of steel production, of which 4.5 Mt were produced in 2020 in Germany alone. It is mainly used in road construction, earthwork and hydraulic engineering. A smaller part is returned to the metallurgical cycle, used as fertiliser or landfilled.&#13;
With this use, iron oxides still contained in steelmaking slag are lost. In addition, the possibility of producing higher-grade products from steelmaking slag is foregone. In recent decades, many researchers have investigated the production of Portland cement clinker and crude iron from basic oxygen furnace slags (BOFS) via a reductive treatment. Carbothermal treatment of liquid BOFS causes a reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. Simultaneously, the chemical composition of the reduced slag is adapted to that of Portland cement clinker.&#13;
In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace using petrol coke as a reducing agent. The resulting low-iron mineral product has a similar chemical composition to Portland cement clinker and was rich in the tricalcium silicate solid solution alite (Ca3SiO5). Based on its chemical and mineralogical composition, similar to that of Portland cement clinker, the reduced BOFS has the potential to react comparably. In our study, the reduced BOFS produced less hydration heat than OPC, and its hydraulic reaction was delayed. However, adding gypsum has shown to accelerate the hydration rate of the reduced BOFS compared to that known from the calcium silicates of Portland cement clinker.&#13;
Further research to improve the hydraulic properties of the reduced slag is essential. If successful, producing a hydraulic binder and crude iron from BOFS has economic and ecological benefits for both the cement and steel industries.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Further Reduction of CO2 -Emissions and Circularity in the Cement and Concrete Industry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.iccc-online.org/archive/</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-590522</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">The 16th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement 2023 (ICCC2023)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bangkok, Thailand</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">18.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-ND - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steelmaking slag</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alite</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Clinker substitute</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydraulic reactivity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.1 Baustoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59052/2023_ICCC_VIII_Schraut_Adam_Meng_slag_activation_mitImpressum.pdf</file>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59052/2023_ICCC_VIII_Schraut_Adam_Meng_slag_activation_revision2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59975</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Processing and application properties of multiple principal element alloys (MPEA)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The presentation gives an overview of BAM's activities on processing influences and application properties of MPEAs in the form of joined and machined high and medium entropy alloys (CoCrFeMnNi and CoCrNi). In the case of welding, the focus is on defect-free welded joints with sufficient mechanical properties. In the case of machining, the focus is on the possible influence on the surface quality of the materials through adequate milling parameters. In addition, the hydrogen absorption and diffusion properties as well as the electrochemical corrosion behavior are fundamentally examined.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">FAU-Department Werkstoffwissenschaften, Seminar: Aktuelle Probleme der Werkstoffwissenschaften</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Erlangen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Application properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machining</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-entropy alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61268</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In situ bragg edge imaging with neutrons for crystallographic phase and temperature field mapping during tig welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In Neutron-Bragg-Edge Imaging (NBEI) experiments, we studied the phase transition during butt-welding of martensitic Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel [1]. Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding was used with a moveable torch allowing for automated weldments. The austenitization in the heat affected zone (HAZ) underneath the welding head could be clearly visualized at λ = 0.39 nm, a wavelength smaller than the Bragg edge wavelengths of both austenite and martensite. Also, the re-transformation upon cooling from austenite into martensitic phase was detected. However, we observed an unexpected additional change in transmission at λ = 0.44 nm that is a wavelength larger than the wavelength of the Bragg edges of both the martensitic and austenitic phases. We attribute this change to the Deybe-Waller-Factor that describes the temperature dependence of coherent scattering at a crystal lattice [2]. The observed two-dimensional attenuation map corresponds well with a temperature distribution modelling by software macros in ANSYS [3]. Here, the absolute temperature values could be achieved by calibrating the modelled attenuation with help of a thermocouple placed at the steel sample plate. This allows in return for a direct two-dimensional temperature reading based on the Debye-Waller-relation between neutron attenuation and sample temperature.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MSE 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Darmstadt, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Axel Griesche</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ neutron Bragg edge imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature field mapping</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystallographic phase mapping</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TIG welding</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Kerntechnische Entsorgung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65072</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Towards the Use of Representative Specimens for the Qualification of Additively Manufactured Parts</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The understanding of the process-structure-property-performance relationship is the key challenge for the qualification of safety-relevant parts made of additively manufactured metallic materials. The complexity of the manufacturing process and the number of influencing parameters affect the properties of test coupons and parts even fabricated in the same batch. This poses the problem of using reliable witness specimens for part qualification.&#13;
This work presents a new approach which aims at the fabrication of test coupons tailored to the specific microstructure and fatigue properties of a component. The first step consisted in the evaluation of the temperature field by means of process monitoring during the production of parts. The results were used to tailor finite element models which were then used to design witness specimens representative of the thermal history in the component. Finally, the fatigue properties of designed specimens were compared to coupons machined out of the component.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">TMS2024 – 153rd Annual Meeting &amp; Exhibition</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Orlando, FL, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal history</value>
    </subject>
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      <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="deu">Materialuntersuchungen zur Schadensanalyse an einem explodierten Umlaufkühler</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Ein Durchlaufkühler ist im Betrieb explodiert. Die zerborstenen Gehäuseteile aus Kunststoff führten zu einem Austreten der Kühlflüssigkeit am Betriebsort sowie zu einem Personenschaden mit Knalltrauma. Bei Funktionsprüfungen am beschädigten Gerät traten unerwartet, aber reproduzierbar Knalleffekte auf der Kupfer-Kühlschlange auf. Ein möglicher Mechanismus konnte im Labor durch Synthese von Kupferazid auf Kupferproben und Auslösung vergleichbarer Knalleffekte nachgestellt werden. Damit ist die Plausibilität des beschriebenen Schadensereignisses mit diesem oder einem ähnlich reagierenden Stoff belegt. Ein eindeutiger Nachweis darüber, dass beim aufgetretenen Schadensfall dieselbe chemische Reaktion stattgefunden hat ist nicht möglich, da die Belag-Überreste aus dem explodierten Kühlgerät für eine Analyse nicht mehr in ausreichender Menge verfügbar waren.</abstract>
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    <title language="deu">Materialuntersuchungen zur Schadensanalyse an einem explodierten Umlaufkühler</title>
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    <title language="eng">Effect of Tensile Loading and Temperature on the Hydrogen Solubility of Steels at High Gas Pressure</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The hydrogen solubility in ferritic and martensitic steels is affected by hydrostatic stress, pressure, and temperature. In general, compressive stresses decrease but tensile stresses increase the hydrogen solubility. This important aspect must be considered when qualifying materials for high‐pressure hydrogen applications (e.g., for pipelines or tanks) by using autoclave systems. In this work, a pressure equivalent for compensating the effect of compressive stresses on the hydrogen solubility inside of closed autoclaves is proposed to achieve solubilities that are equivalent to those in pipelines and tanks subjected to tensile stresses. Moreover, it is shown that the temperature effect becomes critical at low temperatures (e.g., under cryogenic conditions for storing liquid hydrogen). Trapping of hydrogen in the microstructure can increase the hydrogen solubility with decreasing temperature, having a solubility minimum at about room temperature. To demonstrate this effect, the generalized law of the hydrogen solubility is parameterized for different steels using measured contents of gaseous hydrogen. The constant parameter sets are verified and critically discussed with respect to the high‐pressure hydrogen experiments.</abstract>
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    <author>A.-K. Drexler</author>
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    <author>E. Hodžić</author>
    <author>S. Pastore</author>
    <author>J. Domitner</author>
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    <author>C. Sommitsch</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Solubility</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Temperature</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Tensile loading</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Analytical calculation</value>
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    <title language="eng">Enhanced gaseous hydrogen solubility in ferritic and martensitic steels at low temperatures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Metals that are exposed to high pressure hydrogen gas may undergo detrimental failure by embrittlement. Understanding the mechanisms and driving forces of hydrogen absorption on the surface of metals is crucial for avoiding hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, the effect of stress-enhanced gaseous hydrogen uptake in bulk metals is investigated in detail. For that purpose, a generalized form of Sievert's law is derived from thermodynamic potentials considering the effect of microstructural trapping sites and multiaxial stresses. This new equation is parametrized and verified using experimental data for carbon steels, which were charged under gaseous hydrogen atmosphere at pressures up to 1000 bar. The role of microstructural trapping sites on the parameter identification is critically discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0360-3199</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.109</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>A Drexler</author>
    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>J Domitner</author>
    <author>C Sommitsch</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
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      <value>Hydrogen</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure-dependent solubility</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Trapping</value>
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    <title language="eng">A comparison of vintage and modern X65 pipeline steel using hollow specimen technique for in-situ hydrogen testing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transition toward a hydrogen-based economy requires a widespread transport and distribution network, and repurposed natural gas pipelines are a viable option. An assessment of the hydrogen-induced degradation of pipeline steels is needed to inject H2 gas into the existing infrastructure safely. The conservative and standardized method consists of in-situ tensile tests in an autoclave filled with high-pressure hydrogen gas. A proposed alternative method involves&#13;
using a hollow specimen as containment volume and applying the gas pressure in the inner cavity.&#13;
This technique has lower costs and shorter test preparation time but is not standardized yet. This study aims to evaluate and compare the tensile properties of API 5L X65 pipeline steel in two states: vintage and modern. The influence of the surface roughness is investigated through parallel tests with drilled and reamed specimens. Hydrogen tests are compared with reference tests in an inert environment. A significant hydrogen-induced decrease in tensile properties is observed, and no significant difference between vintage and modern X65 can be drawn. The reduction in tensile properties is more significant in specimens with higher inner surface roughness. The evaluation of surface conditions appears crucial when assessing the HE susceptibility of hydrogen transport and storage equipment.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.07.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Alessandro Campari</author>
    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>Antonio Alvaro</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow specimen technique</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SSRT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60301/A comparison of vintage and modern X65.pdf</file>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Evaluation of hydrogen effect on hardened and annealed 100Cr6 steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The use of hydrogen demands high safety requirements, since hydrogen can be absorbed by metallic materials and may cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE) under certain conditions. Slow strain rate (SSR) tensile testing is a widespread method to quantify the hydrogen-induced ductility loss of alloys. Here, the hollow specimen technique was used to evaluate the effect of 150 bar hydrogen on the tensile properties of solution annealed and hardened 100Cr6 steel, which is a common material for bearing systems. This technique reduces the required amount of hydrogen and minimizes the duration and costs of the tests performed compared to in-situ tensile tests in autoclaves.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EPRI Workshop on Hydrogen Embrittlement 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Oxford, UK</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.06.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow Specimen Technique</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>100Cr6</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63413</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="eng">Resistance of welded low-alloyed pressure vessel and pipeline steels in gaseous hydrogen</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Green hydrogen has become an essential energy carrier to achieve a climate-neutral economy. The production, storage, transport and usage of green hydrogen require safe and sustainable facilities and systems. The present contribution provides a procedure guideline to investigate the compatibility of steel welds for pressurised gaseous hydrogen applications under quasi-static mechanical loads, utilising the slow strain rate test and hollow specimen technique. Exemplarily, a weld of the low-alloyed steel P355NL1 was investigated and compared to an X65 weld. The results indicate that the base metal exhibits a higher ductility than the weld metal for both steels. Generally, hydrogen-exposed specimens exhibited a reduced strain, as compared to reference specimens. The hydrogen degradation, evaluated by the hydrogen embrittlement index, was more pronounced in the weld metal compared to the base P355NL1 material, whereas the X65 exhibited a larger hydrogen degradation of the base material than in the weld metal. Fractographic analysis of the test specimens revealed that hydrogen causes a transition from ductile to brittle features. Generally, the results of this study indicate a mild but significant degradation of the mechanical properties in terms of the ductility of the welds in the respective pressurised hydrogen atmosphere.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-025-02074-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634138</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634647</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nikanor Shikomba</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>Sergio Blasón Gonzalez</author>
    <author>Idehai Olayemi Ohijeagbon</author>
    <author>Eike Krafft</author>
    <author>Thorsten Staudt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen-assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welded joint</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Slow strain rate test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hollow Specimen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.1 Komponenten für Energieträger</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63413/s40194-025-02074-7 (2).pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51763</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>9179</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>180</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The differences in the corrosion product compositions of Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) between static and dynamic growth conditions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Currently, corrosion rates (CR) and/or corrosion products (CP) obtained for methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) on carbon steel are mainly analyzed from static-incubations. By using a multiport-flow-column, much higher CRs (0.72 mm/yr) were observed, indicating static-incubations are not suitable for determining the corrosive potential of Mi-MIC. With the combination of various analytical methods (ToF-SIMS/SEM-EDS/SEM-FIB) and contrary to previously published data, we observed that CPs contained phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron but lacked carbon-related species (e.g. siderite). Overall, siderite nucleation is disrupted by methanogens, as they convert aqueous bicarbonate into carbon dioxide for methanogenesis resulting in increased localized corrosion.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Corrosion Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109179</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0010-938X</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517632</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.12.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Biwen Annie An</author>
    <author>Eric Deland</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>Jizheng Yao</author>
    <author>T. L. Skovhus</author>
    <author>Andrea Koerdt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Modelling studies</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SIMS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SEM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reactor conditions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microbiologically influenced corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51763/Corrosion-products-of-Mi-MIC.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53001</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>109618</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>190</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The impact of the microstructure of Fe-16Cr-0.2C on high-temperature oxidation – sulphidation in SO2</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study elucidates the impact of the microstructure of Fe-16Cr-0.2C on oxide layer formation at 650 ◦C in Ar-0.5 % SO2. A cold-rolled and two heat-treated states of the alloy were exposed for up to 1000 h. The samples were characterised in detail from microstructural and chemical perspectives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The microstructural modification of the alloy by heat-treatment was advantageous. It was found that Cr-carbides support chromia formation and reduce sulphidation when their area fraction is low and diameter is small.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Corrosion Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109618</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.09.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Falk</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>Christiane Stephan-Scherb</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Iron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SIMS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SEM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High temperature corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sulphidation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54147</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis Online</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Conservation of the Shaft #1 Headgear at the Tsumeb Mine, Namibia: Corrosion Protection</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The Tsumeb Mine in Namibia represents one of the best-preserved mining sites in the world and is rapidly gaining cross-disciplinary interest among cultural and engineering scientists. Most of the open pit and the shaft mining equipment are still in place, including the ore processing units and the local power plant. The mining area thus deserves recognition as an industrial world heritage site, especially due to the rarity of such locations on the African continent. The Shaft #1 headgear, built in 1924, represents one of the oldest known riveted steel headgears of the Promnitz design worldwide. In contrast to similar steel structures located in the northern hemisphere, it has been exposed to a different rural semi-arid climate since it is located in the Otavi Mountain Land, characterized by semi-annual change of rainy and dry seasons. Parts of the Shaft #1 headgear have remained largely untouched for more than 70 years. Besides its outstanding heritage value, it thus also represents an interesting object for studying the composition of corrosion layers formed on mild steel surfaces when exposed to continental and industrial mining atmospheres. To find a suitable transparent corrosion prevention coating, various on-site coating samples were evaluated after 11 months of outdoor exposure, including Owatrol Oil®, which is based on natural oil and alkyd resin with strong wicking potential. The substance is frequently applied for the conservation of single components but is not yet widely used on large steel structures in the field of industrial heritage conservation. However, it represented the most stable anti-corrosion coating under the local atmospheric conditions in the on-site tests. Thus, the suitability of Owatrol Oil® as a transparent coating for corrosion protection of riveted mild steel structures in such climates was further investigated as a more recent approach for the conservation of large steel structures. Since the protective coatings are exposed to strong UV radiation in the local climate, the addition of a specific UV stabilizer mixture was also tested. For such laboratory tests, two mild steel samples were taken. The first one originated from a diagonal strut of the 1920s and the second one from a handrail mounted in the early 1960s. Using corresponding high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) it was found that the corrosion layers are predominantly composed of lepidocrocite and goethite. A weathering program simulating the specific environmental conditions at Tsumeb in a UV climate chamber was developed and the corrosion resistance of the mild steel surface was subsequently evaluated by potentiodynamic measurements. Such tests proved to be a fast and reliable procedure for ranking the corrosion resistance of the old mild steels. It was found that the long-term corrosion layers already provide significant protection against further corrosion in the simulated environment. However, the study also showed that this can be further improved by the application of the Owatrol Oil® as a protective coating that also seals crevices. The addition of the UV stabilizers, however, led to a significant deterioration in corrosion protection, even in comparison to that of the uncoated long-term corrosion layers on the surface. Regular overcoating seems more advisable for the long-term preservation of the Shaft #1 headgear than modifying the Owatrol Oil® Coating with the tested UV-stabilizing additives.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Studies in conservation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/00393630.2021.2004007</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-541476</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0039-3630</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">30.12.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <author>Eva Wentland</author>
    <author>R. Jaßmann</author>
    <author>R. Keller</author>
    <author>Anne Wolfrum</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Potentiodynamic measurements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mining head gear</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mild steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical composition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Characterization of corrosion layers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkyd resin-based coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>UV-blocker addition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weathering tests</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54147/Conservation of the Shaft.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50514</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3611</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ ToF-SIMS analyses of deuterium re-distribution in austenitic steel AISI 304L under mechanical load</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrocarbons fuel our economy. Furthermore, intermediate goods and consumer products are often hydrocarbon-based. Beside all the progress they made possible, hydrogen-containing substances can have severe detrimental effects on materials exposed to them. Hydrogen-assisted failure of iron alloys has been recognised more than a century ago. The present study aims to providing further insight into the degradation of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L (EN 1.4307) exposed to hydrogen. To this end, samples were electrochemically charged with the hydrogen isotope deuterium (2H, D) and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). It was found that deuterium caused a phase transformation from the original γ austenite into ε- and α’-martensite. Despite their low solubility for hydrogen, viz. deuterium, the newly formed phases showed high deuterium concentration which was attributed to the increased density of traps. Information about the behaviour of deuterium in the material subjected to external mechanical load was gathered. A four-point-bending device was developed for this purpose. This allowed to analyse in-situ pre-charged samples in the ToF-SIMS during the application of external mechanical load. The results indicate a movement of deuterium towards the regions of highest stress.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Scientific Reports</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/s41598-020-60370-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505142</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.03.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andreas Röhsler</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>H. Hänninen</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ToF-SIMS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deuterium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AISI 304L</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EBSD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50514/In-situ ToF-SIMS analyses of deuterium.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51533</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1997</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2009</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>64</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hydrogen-assisted cracking in GMA welding of high-strength structural steels using the modified spray arc process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High-strength structural steels are used in machine, steel, and crane construction with yield strength up to 960 MPa. However, welding of these steels requires profound knowledge of three factors in terms of avoidance of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC): the interaction of microstructure, local stress/strain, and local hydrogen concentration. In addition to the three main factors, the used arc process is also important for the performance of the welded joint. In the past, the conventional transitional arc process (Conv. A) was mainly used for welding of high-strength steel grades. In the past decade, the so-called modified spray arc process (Mod. SA) has been increasingly used for welding production. This modified process enables reduced seam opening angles with increased deposition rates compared with the Conv. A. Economic benefits of using this arc type are a reduction of necessary weld beads and required filler material. In the present study, the susceptibility to HAC in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the high-strength structural steel S960QL was investigated with the externally loaded implant test. For that purpose, both Conv. A and Mod. SA were used with same heat input at different deposition rates. Both conducted test series showed same embrittlement index “EI” of 0.21 at diffusible hydrogen concentrations of 1.3 to 1.6 ml/100 g of arc weld metal. The fracture occurred in the HAZ or in the weld metal (WM). However, the test series withMod. SA showed a significant extension of the time to failure of several hours compared with tests carried out with Conv. A.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-020-00978-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515330</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Hamza Yahyaoui</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GMA welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffusible hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Implant test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fractography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51533/Schaupp_2020_Hydrogen-assisted cracking.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59588</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>54</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evaluation of the tensile properties of X65 pipeline steel in compressed gaseous hydrogen using hollow specimens</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen has great potential on the path towards decarbonization of the energy and transport sectors and can mitigate the urgent issue of global warming. It can be sustainably produced through water electrolysis with potentially zero emissions, and efficiently used (e.g., in fuel cell systems). Despite its environmental advantages, hydrogen-metal interactions could result in the degradation of the mechanical properties of several structural materials. In order to determine the magnitude of the material degradation in relation to hydrogen exposure, extensive material testing is required. The standardized procedure for in-situ testing for the quantification of the impact of compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) relies on the utilization of an autoclave around the tested specimen. Such test set-up is complex, expensive, time-consuming and requires special equipment, trained personnel, and strict safety procedures. A relatively recent method to circumvent these issues and provide affordable results consists of using hollow specimens, thus applying the hydrogen pressure inside rather than outside the specimen. It allows to reduce the volume of hydrogen by several orders of magnitude and to perform the tests more efficiently and in a safer manner. This study focuses on evaluating the tensile properties of X65 vintage pipeline steel tested in a high-pressure hydrogen environment using hollow specimens. Tests are performed in 6 MPa H2 and Ar at the nominal strain rate of 10−6 s−1 to evaluate the reduced area at fracture and the elongation loss. The effect of surface finishing on crack initiation and propagation is investigated by comparing two different manufacturing techniques. In this way, this study provides insights into the applicability of a novel, reliable, and safe testing method which can be used to assess the hydrogen-assisted ductility loss in metallic materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia Structural Integrity</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.074</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2452-3216</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595887</identifier>
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    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <author>Alessandro Campari</author>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <author>Nicola Paltrinieri</author>
    <author>Antonio Alvaro</author>
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      <value>Hydrogen Embrittlement</value>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SSRT</value>
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      <value>Hollow specimen</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Pipeline steel</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ tensile test</value>
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    <title language="eng">Evaluation of the impact of gaseous hydrogen on pipeline steels utilizing hollow specimen technique and μCT</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The high potential of hydrogen as a key factor on the pathway towards a climate neutral economy, leads to rising demand in technical applications, where gaseous hydrogen is used. For several metals, hydrogen-metal interactions could cause a degradation of the material properties. This is especially valid for low carbon and highstrength structural steels, as they are commonly used in natural gas pipelines and analyzed in this work.&#13;
This work provides an insight to the impact of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an API 5L X65 pipeline steel tested in 60 bar gaseous hydrogen atmosphere. The analyses were performed using the hollow specimen technique with slow strain rate testing (SSRT). The nature of the crack was visualized thereafter utilizing μCT imaging of the sample pressurized with gaseous hydrogen in comparison to one tested in an inert atmosphere.&#13;
The combination of the results from non-conventional mechanical testing procedures and nondestructive imaging techniques has shown unambiguously how the exposure to hydrogen under realistic service pressure influences the mechanical properties of the material and the appearance of failure.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</parentTitle>
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    <title language="eng">Obituary: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Hoffmeister</title>
    <abstract language="eng">On November 3, 2023, our dear colleague, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Hoffmeister, born in 1932 in Kassel, Germany, passed away in Ahrensburg, near Hamburg, Germany.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
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    <title language="eng">Influence of oxygen vacancies on core-shell formation in solid solutions of (Na,Bi)TiO3 and SrTiO3</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Solid solutions of (Na,Bi)TiO3 (NBT) and SrTiO3 (ST) are materials of interest for high-strain or high-energy density capacitor applications. Often, they exhibit chemical heterogeneity and develop core-shell structures during regular solid-state synthesis with an NBT-rich core. In this case, the NBT forms first so that the strontium needs to diffuse into the material to reach chemical homogeneity. Depending on the presence of core-shell structures, the electrical properties can vary drastically. In this work, we rationalize the effect of variations in oxygen vacancy concentration by Fe-acceptor and Nb-donor doping. It can be shown that a diffusion couple of strontium and oxygen is responsible for chemical homogenization and that the oxygen vacancy content can control the formation of a core-shell structure.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of the American Ceramic Society</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/jace.17845</identifier>
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    <author>S. Steiner</author>
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    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <author>T. Frömeling</author>
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      <value>Lead-free ceramics</value>
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      <value>Bismuth titanates</value>
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      <value>Core-shell structures</value>
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      <value>Diffusion/diffusivity</value>
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    <title language="deu">Gezielte Werkstoffprüfung zur fail-safe-Bauteilauslegung am Beispiel eines Achsschenkels</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Bei der Auslegung von Achsschenkeln für Nutzfahrzeuge wird für den Überlastfall ein fail-safe-Kriterium (kontrolliertes Versagen) als Basisphilosophie angesetzt. Gefordert wird, dass sich der Achsschenkel auch unter Akzeptanz begrenzten Risswachstums hinreichend elastisch-plastisch verformen kann, ohne dass es zum Bruch kommt. Der Fahrer soll anschließend anhand der bleibenden Verformungen bemerken können, dass mit seinem Fahrzeug etwas nicht in Ordnung ist. Eine Voraussetzung für dieses Bauteilverhalten ist eine hinreichende Bruchzähigkeit des Werkstoffs. Diese, wie auch die Rissspitzenbeanspruchung, müssen ermittelt werden, um den bruchmechanischen Sicherheitsnachweis führen zu können. Zur Ermittlung der mechanisch-technologischen und bruchmechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften wurde ein Prüfkonzept entwickelt, bei dem die Proben an der potenziell kritischen Stelle direkt aus den geschmiedeten Achsschenkeln entnommen werden. Die experimentelle Werkstoffcharakterisierung bildet dann die Beanspruchungsbedingungen beim Überlastereignis ab. Im Rahmen der Produktion stehen jedoch nur Kerbschlagarbeitswerte zur Verfügung und aufwändige bruchmechanische Versuche sollen vermieden werden. Deshalb wurde eine Korrelation zur Abschätzung der vorhandenen Bruchzähigkeit aus der Kerbschlagarbeit herangezogen. Es ergibt sich eine Ergebnismatrix, die die Einflussgrößen Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit, Temperatur und Bruchzähigkeit verknüpft. Abschließend wird ein erster Vergleich der abgeschätzten mit den experimentell ermittelten Bruchzähigkeitswerten gezogen. Dieser weist aus, dass die abgeschätzten Werte geringfügig konservativ sind.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Werkstoffprüfung 2022 Werkstoffe und Bauteile auf dem Prüfstand, Prüftechnik – Kennwertermittlung – Schadensvermeidung</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">40. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Wolfram Baer</author>
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    <author>Peter Wossidlo</author>
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    <author>Uwe Zerbst</author>
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      <value>Achsschenkel</value>
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      <value>Bruchmechanische Auslegung</value>
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    <title language="deu">Zur Frage der Verwendung von Untermaßprobenergebnissen des Kerbschlagbiegeversuchs - Eine ernüchternde Bilanz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Kerbschlagbiegeversuch ist seit der ersten Hälfte des letzten Jahrhunderts standardisiert und seit langem als Prüfverfahren international genormt. Weltweit sind zu garantierende Werte der Kerbschlagenergie (KV) und Übergangstemperaturen (TÜ) in Produktnormen und Regelwerken festgelegt. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen besteht dabei die Option, statt Normalproben Untermaßproben zu prüfen. Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung der BAM wurde der aktuelle Status von Prüf- und Produktnormen sowie Regelwerken zur Bewertung der Bauteilintegrität hinsichtlich ihres Umgangs mit Untermaßprobenergebnissen erfasst. Zur Schaffung einer geeigneten aktuellen Datenbasis wurden an ISO-V-Proben der Dicken 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 und 10,0 mm aus vier aktuellen Baustählen KV2-T-Kurven ermittelt. Es wurden unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen zur Kurvenanpassung und Festlegung von Übergangstemperaturen praktiziert. Ferner kamen verfügbare Ansätze zur Skalierung von Untermaßprobenergebnissen auf die Werte von Normalproben zur Anwendung. Das Ausmaß des Probendickeneffektes ist werkstoff- und temperaturabhängig. Im Bereich der Werkstoffprüfung ist akzeptiert, dass die Ergebnisse von Normal- und Untermaß-proben nicht ohne Weiteres ineinander überführt werden können. Der Stand der Produktnormung und der Regelwerke ist jedoch im besten Falle als unzureichend, vielfach jedoch schlicht als falsch zu bezeichnen. In einem weiten anwendungsrelevanten Temperaturbereich werden hier sogar deutlich nicht-konservative Skalierungsergebnisse geliefert. Die betroffenen Produkt-normenreihen und Regelwerke müssen überarbeitet werden.</abstract>
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  <doc>
    <id>56156</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Zur Frage der Verwendung von Untermaßprobenergebnissen des Kerbschlagbiegeversuchs – eine ernüchternde Bilanz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Kerbschlagbiegeversuch ist seit der ersten Hälfte des letzten Jahrhunderts standardisiert und seit langem als Prüfverfahren international genormt. Weltweit sind zu garantierende Werte der Kerbschlagenergie (KV) und Übergangstemperaturen (TÜ) in Produktnormen und Regelwerken festgelegt. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen besteht dabei die Option, statt Normalproben Untermaßproben zu prüfen. Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung der BAM wurde der aktuelle Status von Prüf- und Produktnormen sowie Regelwerken zur Bewertung der Bauteilintegrität hinsichtlich ihres Umgangs mit Untermaßprobenergebnissen erfasst. Zur Schaffung einer geeigneten aktuellen Datenbasis wurden an ISO-V-Proben der Dicken 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 und 10,0 mm aus vier aktuellen Baustählen KV2-T-Kurven ermittelt. Es wurden unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen zur Kurvenanpassung und Festlegung von Übergangstemperaturen praktiziert. Ferner kamen verfügbare Ansätze zur Skalierung von Untermaßprobenergebnissen auf die Werte von Normalproben zur Anwendung. Das Ausmaß des Probendickeneffektes ist werkstoff- und temperaturabhängig. Im Bereich der Werkstoffprüfung ist akzeptiert, dass die Ergebnisse von Normal- und Untermaß-proben nicht ohne Weiteres ineinander überführt werden können. Der Stand der Produktnormung und der Regelwerke ist jedoch im besten Falle als unzureichend, vielfach jedoch schlicht als falsch zu bezeichnen. In einem weiten anwendungsrelevanten Temperaturbereich werden hier sogar deutlich nicht-konservative Skalierungsergebnisse geliefert. Die betroffenen Produkt-normenreihen und Regelwerke müssen überarbeitet werden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">40. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Dresden, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">27.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Wolfram Baer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Skalierung von Ergebnissen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kerbschlagbiegeversuch</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Untermaßproben</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Normalproben</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52891</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The impact and potential of halophilic microorganisms on alternative fuels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">As more industrial interests focusing on using salt caverns and repurposed gas or petroleum reservoirs for alternative fuel storage, i.e. CO2/H2, the question raises whether microorganisms may impact the infrastructure, gas purity and storage condition over time. &#13;
&#13;
Environments with high salinity (&gt; 1.5 Meq of NaCl) are resided by halophiles (salt-loving microorganisms). To compensate for the intensive osmotic stress, they have resorted to two main adaptation strategies: 1) production of compatible solutes and 2) accumulation of intracellular KCl. Microbial community analysis of several high salinity environments revealed a number of recurring genera, including Halomonas and Halanaerobium. However, the impact of halophiles on the overall integrity and stability of the storage facilities remain largely unknown. &#13;
&#13;
To evaluate the suitability and stability of saline storage facilities, several model halophilic microorganisms, such as members of Halomonas, will be selected as testing subjects. First, the impact of halophiles on the infrastructure will be determined using an integrative approach by combining a number of techniques, including electrochemistry, TOF-SIMS, SEM/FIB/EDS and FIB-TEM. Second, the abilities of halophiles to alter the fuel composition (i.e. increase/decrease the fractions of H2) will be monitored using gas chromatography by growing them under high pressure. &#13;
&#13;
As a result of climate change and the accompanying mandatory shift to renewable energy resources, microorganisms will continue to play an important role in the energy sector, both to their benefit and detriment. Thus, it is important to achieve a certain level of understanding regarding the activities and mechanisms of halophiles prior to large-scaled excursions.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ISMOS-8</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.06.2021</enrichment>
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    <author>Andrea Koerdt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microbiologically influenced corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas storage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Contamination</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55913</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Stainless Steels and Hydrogen Applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The contribution was presented at the Stainless Steel World Conference 2022. The presentation shows the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steel. Some test methods are shown and selected results are presented.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Stainless Steel World Conference 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Maastricht, Netherlands</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">27.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">29.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gaseous hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SSRT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55822</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Challenges with metallic materials in hydrogen technologies</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The contribution was presented in the Joint European Summer School in Athens as part of several contributions from BAM in the field of hydrogen safety. These presentations are given in order to provide an overview about the activities of BAM as part of the competence center H2Safety@BAM</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">JOINT EUROPEAN SUMMER SCHOOL (JESS)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Athens, Greece</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">23.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Oded Sobol</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gaseous hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen Embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56153</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Gezielte Werkstoffprüfung zur fail-safe-Bauteilauslegung am Beispiel eines Achsschenkels</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Bei der Auslegung von Achsschenkeln für Nutzfahrzeuge wird für den Überlastfall ein fail-safe-Kriterium (kontrolliertes Versagen) als Basisphilosophie angesetzt. Gefordert wird, dass sich der Achsschenkel auch unter Akzeptanz begrenzten Risswachstums hinreichend elastisch-plastisch verformen kann, ohne dass es zum Bruch kommt. Der Fahrer soll anschließend anhand der bleibenden Verformungen bemerken können, dass mit seinem Fahrzeug etwas nicht in Ordnung ist. Eine Voraussetzung für dieses Bauteilverhalten ist eine hinreichende Bruchzähigkeit des Werkstoffs. Diese, wie auch die Rissspitzenbeanspruchung, müssen ermittelt wer-den, um den bruchmechanischen Sicherheitsnachweis führen zu können. Zur Ermittlung der mechanisch-technologischen und bruchmechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften wurde ein Prüfkonzept entwickelt, bei dem die Proben an der potenziell kritischen Stelle direkt aus den geschmiedeten Achsschenkeln entnommen werden. Die experimentelle Werkstoffcharakterisierung bildet dann die Beanspruchungsbedingungen beim Überlastereignis ab. Im Rahmen der Produktion stehen jedoch nur Kerbschlagarbeitswerte zur Verfügung und aufwändige bruchmechanische Versuche sollen vermieden werden. Deshalb wurde eine Korrelation zur Abschätzung der vorhandenen Bruchzähigkeit aus der Kerbschlagarbeit herangezogen. Es ergibt sich eine Ergebnismatrix, die die Einflussgrößen Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit, Temperatur und Bruchzähigkeit verknüpft. Abschließend wird ein erster Vergleich der abgeschätzten mit den experimentell ermittelten Bruchzähigkeitswerten gezogen. Dieser weist aus, dass die abgeschätzten Werte geringfügig konservativ sind.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">40. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Dresden, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">27.10.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Wolfram Baer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrelation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Achsschenkel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fail-safe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bruchmechanische Auslegung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kerbschlagarbeit</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
  </doc>
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