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  <doc>
    <id>55090</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of residual stresses and microstructure effects on the fatigue behaviour of a L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) allow the fabrication of lightweight near net shape AlSi10Mg components attractive to the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and military industries. During the build-up process, high cooling rates occur. Thus, L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloys exhibit a Si-nanostructure in the as-built condition, which leads to superior mechanical properties compared to conventional cast materials. At the same time, such high thermal gradients generally involve a deleterious residual stress (RS) state that needs to be assessed during the design process, before placing a component in service. To this purpose post-process heat treatments are commonly performed to relieve detrimental RS. In this contribution two low-temperature stress-relief heat treatments (SRHT) are studied and compared with the as-built state: a SRHT at 265°C for 1 hour and a SRHT at 300°C for 2 hours. At these temperatures microstructural changes occur. In the as-built state, Si atoms are supersaturated in the α-aluminium matrix, which is enveloped by a eutectic Si-network. At 265°C the Si precipitation from the matrix to the pre-existing network is triggered. Thereafter, above 295°C the fragmentation and spheroidization of the Si branches takes place, presumably by Al–Si interdiffusion. After 2 hours the original eutectic network is completely replaced by uniformly distributed blocky particles. The effect of the heat and the microstructure modification on the RS state and the fatigue properties is investigated. Energy dispersive x-ray and neutron diffraction are combined to investigate the near-surface and bulk RS state of a L-PBF AlSi10Mg material. Differences in the endurance limit are evaluated experimentally by high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests and cyclic R-curve determination.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">43rd Materials Mechanics Seminar</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Sani, Chalkidiki, Greece</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.06.2022</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi10Mg</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55851</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">In-situ Prozessüberwachung in der additiven Fertigung von Metallen (PBF-LB /M) mittels TT und ET</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Durch die additive Fertigung ergeben sich durch die nun mögliche wirtschaftliche Fertigung hochgradig individueller und komplexer metallischer Bauteile in kleinen Stückzahlen bis hinunter zum Einzelstück für viele Industriebereiche ganz neue Möglichkeiten.  &#13;
Gleichzeitig entstehen jedoch neue Herausforderungen im Bereich der Qualitätssicherung, da sich auf statistischen Methoden beruhende Ansätze nicht anwenden lassen, ohne wiederum die Vorteile der Fertigung massiv einzuschränken.&#13;
Eine mögliche Lösung für dieses Problem liegt in der Anwendung verschiedener In-situ-Überwachungstechniken während des Bauprozesses. Jedoch sind nur wenige dieser Techniken kommerziell verfügbar und noch nicht so weit erforscht, dass die Einhaltung strenger Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsstandards gewährleistet werden kann. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer Studie über mittels L-PBF gefertigte Probekörper aus der Nickelbasis-Superlegierung Haynes 282 vor, bei denen die Bildung von Defekten durch lokale Variationen der Prozessparameter wie der Laserleistung provoziert wurde. Die Proben wurden in-situ mittels Thermographie, optischer Tomographie, Schmelzbadüberwachung und Wirbelstromprüfung sowie ex-situ mittels Computertomographie (CT) überwacht, mit dem Ziel, die Machbarkeit und die Aussichten der einzelnen Methoden für die zuverlässige Erkennung der Bildung relevanter Defekte zu bewerten.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP Jahrestagung 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kassel, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.05.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55854</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">In-situ Monitoring of PBF-LB/M by thermography, optical tomography, melt-pool-monitoring and eddy current</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The formation of defects such as keyhole pores is a major challenge for the production of metal parts by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The LPBF process is characterized by a large number of influencing factors which can be hard to quantify. Machine Learning (ML) is a prominent tool to predict the outcome of complex processes on the basis of different sensor data. In this study, a ML model for defect prediction is created using thermographic image features as input data. As a reference, the porosity information calculated from an x-ray Micro Computed Tomography (µCT) scan of the produced specimen is used. Physical knowledge about the keyhole pore formation is incorporated into the model to increase the prediction accuracy. From the prediction result, the quality of the input data is evaluated and future demands on in-situ monitoring of LPBF processes are formulated.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AM Bench 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bethesda, Washingthon DC, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57947</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ monitoring of the laser powder bed fusion process by thermography, optical tomography and melt pool monitoring for defect detection</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the wide acceptance of the use of additive manufacturing (AM), it is required to provide reliable testing methods to ensure the safety of the additively manufactured parts. A possible solution could be the deployment of in-situ monitoring during the build process. However, for laser powder bed fusion using metal powders (PBF-LB/M ) only a few in-situ monitoring techniques are commercially available (optical tomography, melt pool monitoring) but not researched to an extent that allows to guarantee the adherence to strict quality and safety standards.&#13;
&#13;
In this contribution, we present results of a study of PBF-LB/M printed parts made of the nickel-based superalloy Haynes 282. The formation of defects was provoked by local variations of the process parameters and monitored by thermography, optical tomography and melt pool monitoring. Afterwards, the defects were characterized by computed tomography (CT) to identify the detection limits of the used in-situ techniques.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">LiM Conference 2023 - Lasers in Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">29.06.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High temperature alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBF-LB/M</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58466</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Lasertechnik und Photonik e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ monitoring of the laser powder bed fusion process by thermography, optical tomography and melt pool monitoring for defect detection</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the wide acceptance of the use of additive manufacturing (AM), it is required to provide reliable testing methods to ensure the safety of the additively manufactured parts. A possible solution could be the deployment of in-situ monitoring during the build process. However, for laser powder bed fusion using metal powders (PBF-LB/M) only a few in-situ monitoring techniques are commercially available (optical tomography, melt pool monitoring), which have not been researched to an extent that allows to guarantee the adherence to strict quality and safety standards.&#13;
In this contribution, we present results of a study of PBF-LB/M printed parts made of the nickel-based superalloy Haynes 282. The formation of defects was provoked by local variations of the process parameters and monitored by thermography, optical tomography and melt pool monitoring. Afterwards, the defects were characterized by computed tomography (CT) to identify the detection limits of the used in-situ techniques.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2023</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.wlt.de/lim2023-proceedings/system-engineering-and-process-control</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">29.06.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>F. Heinrichsdorff</author>
    <author>Simon Oster</author>
    <author>E. Uhlmann</author>
    <author>J. Polte</author>
    <author>A. Gordei</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Melt-pool-monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Haynes 282</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60574</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Thermographic Investigation of the Anisotropic Behaviour of Additively Manufactured AISI 316 Steel using DED-arc</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing is one of the most promising techniques for industrial production and maintenance, but the specifics of the layered structure must be considered. The Direct Energy Deposition-Arc process enables relatively high deposition rates, which is favourable for larger components. For this study, specimens with different orientations were prepared from one AISI316 steel block – parallel and orthogonal to the deposition plane. Quasistatic tensile loading tests were carried out, monitored by an infrared camera. The obtained surface temperature maps revealed structural differences between both orientations. The consideration of surface temperature transients yields more details about the behaviour of the material under tensile loading than the conventional stress-strain-curve. These preliminary investigations were supplemented by thermographic fatigue trials. Although the anisotropy was also observed during fatigue loading the fatigue behaviour in general was the same, at least for both inspected specimens. The presented results demonstrate the abilities and the potential of thermographic techniques for tensile tests.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">17th Quantitative Infrared Thermography Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zagreb, Croatia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Rainer Krankenhagen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermoelastic effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermoplastic effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal stress analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62548</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermographic investigation of the anisotropic behaviour of additively manufactured AISI316 steel using DED-Arc</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing is one of the most promising techniques for industrial production and maintenance, but the specifics of the layered structure must be considered. The Direct Energy Deposition-Arc process enables relatively high deposition rates, which is favourable for larger components. For this study, specimens with different orientations were prepared from one AISI316 steel block – parallel and orthogonal to the deposition plane. Quasistatic tensile loading tests were carried out, monitored by an infrared camera. The obtained surface temperature maps revealed structural differences between both orientations. The consideration of surface temperature transients yields more details about the behaviour of the material under tensile loading than the conventional stress-strain-curve. These preliminary investigations were supplemented by thermographic fatigue trials. Although the anisotropy was also observed during fatigue loading the fatigue behaviour in general was the same, at least for both inspected specimens. The presented results demonstrate the abilities and the potential of thermographic techniques for tensile tests.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">17th Quantitative Infrared Thermography Conference proceedings</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">17th Quantitative Infrared Thermography Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zagreb, Croatia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.07.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Rainer Krankenhagen</author>
    <author>Somsubhro Chaudhuri</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Rene Winterkorn</author>
    <author>Rosa de Finis</author>
    <author>Davide Palumbo</author>
    <author>Umbero Galietti</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WAAM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51953</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ monitoring by thermography: Influence of the scan angle on the melt pool</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Online quality control of security relevant parts manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) remains to be a challenge due to the highly complex process conditions. Furthermore, the influence of characteristic scan strategy parameters is not sufficiently clarified yet due to the commonly used method of single-track investigations. In this contribution, this topic is addressed by observing large 316L volume sections using in-situ melt pool monitoring by thermography in high temporal and spatial resolution. In detail, the influence of the scan angle on the melt pool geometry is investigated on. Characteristic melt pool features are extracted from the image data and analyzed using statistical methods data for altering scan angles. The results show significant changes in the melt pool dimensions and temperature distribution over the scan angle rotation. A first explanation approach is presented that connects the observed changes to phenomena of beam attenuation by metal vapor plume.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">1st Workshop on In-situ Monitoring and Microstructure Development in Additive Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.10.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Oster</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Angle dependency</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56576</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>448</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition>2.</edition>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>other</type>
    <publisherName>Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik (DKE)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Deutsche Normungsroadmap künstliche Intelligenz</title>
    <title language="eng">German standardization roadmap on artificial intelligence</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz haben DIN und DKE im Januar 2022 die Arbeiten an der zweiten Ausgabe der Deutschen Normungsroadmap Künstliche Intelligenz gestartet. In einem breiten Beteiligungsprozess und unter Mitwirkung von mehr als 570 Fachleuten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, öffentlicher Hand und Zivilgesellschaft wurde damit der strategische Fahrplan für die KI-Normung weiterentwickelt. Koordiniert und begleitet wurden diese Arbeiten von einer hochrangigen Koordinierungsgruppe für KI-Normung und -Konformität.&#13;
&#13;
Mit der Normungsroadmap wird eine Maßnahme der KI-Strategie der Bundesregierung umgesetzt und damit ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur „KI – Made in Germany“ geleistet.&#13;
&#13;
Die Normung ist Teil der KI-Strategie und ein strategisches Instrument zur Stärkung der Innovations- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der deutschen und europäischen Wirtschaft. Nicht zuletzt deshalb spielt sie im geplanten europäischen Rechtsrahmen für KI, dem Artificial Intelligence Act, eine besondere Rolle.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">On behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action, DIN and DKE started work on the second edition of the German Standardization Roadmap Artificial Intelligence in January 2022. With the broad participation and involvement of more than 570 experts from industry, science, the public sector and civil society, the strategic Roadmap for AI standardization was thus further developed. This work was coordinated and accompanied by a high-level coordination group for AI standardization and conformity.&#13;
&#13;
The standardization roadmap implements a measure of the German government’s AI Strategy and thus makes a significant contribution to “AI – Made in Germany”.&#13;
&#13;
Standardization is part of the AI Strategy and is a strategic instrument for strengthening the innovation and competitiveness of the German and European economies. Not least for this reason, standardization plays a special role in the planned European legal framework for AI, the Artificial Intelligence Act.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.din.de/resource/blob/1072988/20bf33d405710a703aa26f81362493bb/ausgabe-2-nrm-ki-data.pdf</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.dke.de/de/arbeitsfelder/core-safety/normungsroadmap-ki</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Philipp Benner</author>
    <author>Mirco Kröll</author>
    <author>Jens Prager</author>
    <author>Werner Daum</author>
    <author>Ralf Casperson</author>
    <author>Thomas Heckel</author>
    <author>Dirk Spaltmann</author>
    <author> et al.</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitalisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Künstliche Intelligenz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Datenwissenschaft</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Normung Roadmap</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data science</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Artificial intelligence</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization roadmap</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digitization</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.5 Tribologie und Verschleißschutz</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">VP Vizepräsident</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">VP.1 eScience</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63146</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of defects on the fatigue strength of parts repaired by cold spray</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Cold spray repair is a promising and cost-saving alternative to replacing worn parts. Depositing of materials into machined damage volumes in decent quality can restore the performance of refurbished parts and extend their working life. Furthermore, repair counts as resource-efficient and green process in a world targeting at decarbonization of many industrial sectors. Despite the advantages, cold spray repair still suffers from major limitations which prevent its application in safety relevant parts. The main factors influencing the structural integrity concern the adhesion strength, inherent non-bonded internal interfaces, the reduced ductility by work hardening during the manufacturing process, and the presence of residual stresses. This work presents the results of the collaborative project CORE devoted to the development of automatized repair of aerospace parts by cold spray. The investigations considered the aluminum alloy Al6061-T6 which combines medium-high strength, good workability, and high corrosion resistance. Quasi-static tensile tests, high cycle fatigue and fatigue crack propagation tests were performed to compare the performance of base and repaired materials. These were complemented by fractographic and microstructural investigations.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">5th International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Trento, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cold Spray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component Repair</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fatigue Strength</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defects</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface Treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63182</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>67</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>79</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>409</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Untersuchung des Potenzials von Kaltgasspritzen für die Reparatur zyklisch belasteter Bauteile</title>
    <title language="eng">Investigation on the capability of cold-spray for repair of cyclically loaded components</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Reparatur mittels Kaltgasspritzen ist eine vielversprechende Alternative zum&#13;
teuren Austausch fehlerbehafteter Bauteile in der Luft- und Raumfahrt. Im Rahmen&#13;
dieser Arbeit wurde das Potential des Verfahrens an der hochfesten&#13;
Aluminiumlegierungen Al6061-T6 unter Anwendung von Stickstoff als kostengünstiges&#13;
Prozessgas untersucht. Es wurden quasi-statische Zugversuche und einachsige&#13;
Zeitfestigkeitsversuche mit besonderem Fokus auf das in-situ Kugelstrahlen zur&#13;
Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis wurde die&#13;
Verbesserung der Adhäsion zwischen Substrat und aufgebautem Werkstoff als&#13;
entscheidendes Kriterium für eine Anwendbarkeit ermittelt. Die Laserstrukturierung&#13;
von Substratoberflächen ist hierfür vielversprechend und wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit&#13;
mittels Adhäsionsversuchen untersucht.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">Repair by cold-spray is a promising alternative to the costly replacement of flawed&#13;
components in aerospace applications. In the present work this process was&#13;
investigated on the high-strength aluminum alloy Al6061-T6. For the cold-spray&#13;
process, inexpensive Nitrogen was used as process-gas. Quasi-static tensile and highcycle-&#13;
fatigue tests (HCF) were performed, focusing on in-situ shot peening to improve&#13;
the mechanical properties of the repaired part. An improved adhesion between&#13;
substrate and built-up material was identified as a key-factor for the applicability of the&#13;
process. Under this respect laser-structuring of the substrate surface was applied and&#13;
its effect on the mechanical performance of the restored samples were examined by&#13;
adhesion tests.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">9. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.48447/ADD-2024-BB</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">9. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Stuttgart, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Tiago Werner</author>
    <author>Tanita Teske</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <author>Madia Mauro</author>
    <author>S. Nielsen</author>
    <author>F. Gärtner</author>
    <author>T. Klassen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kaltgasspritzen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cold-spray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reparatur</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ermüdungsfestigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Luft- und Raumfahrt</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aerospace</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Substratvorbehandlung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Substrate pre-treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.5 Tribologie und Verschleißschutz</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60794</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Local strain behaviour by digital image correlation of cross weld tensile specimens of high strength steel with two different Ti microalloying routes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti play a decisive function in achieving the desired mechanical strength of quenched and tempered, high-strength fine-grain structural steels with a nominal yield strength ≥ 690 MPa. The current specifications for the chemical composition only provide manufacturers with upper limits. However, even minor deviations in the alloy concept can have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. Consequently, accurate prediction of weldability and the integrity of welded joints becomes difficult or even impossible due to differences in composition and the resulting microstructures. Undesirable consequences include a possible softening of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or, conversely, hardening effects. In view of these challenges, various microalloying strategies with different Ti and Nb contents are being systematically investigated for the first time using specially developed laboratory casting alloys. Each alloying route is based on the common S690QL, maintaining both the chemical composition and the heat treatment parameters.&#13;
To analyse the weldability, three-layer welds were performed using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and critical microstructures, such as areas of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) that exhibit significant softening or hardening, were identified. The effect of the softened HAZ region on failure was evaluated using transverse tensile specimens. Digital image correlation (DIC) is used to image changes in local strains in different HAZ regions in situ. Using a specially developed mirror system, the local strains of the microstructure zones on the top and bottom of the weld are recorded simultaneously. This makes it possible to analyse how the weld seam geometry (e.g., V-seam) influences the strain gradients. In addition, the analysis of the local deformation helps to understand the effects of the softened HAZ on the global strain, the fracture constriction, the fracture position, and the overall fracture behavior</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">The 77th IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference on Welding and Joining</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Rhodos, Greece</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">12.07.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HSLA</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Image Correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microalloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GMAW</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HAZ</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-weld tensile test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59756</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">H2Safety@BAM: Competence Center for safe hydrogen technologies</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Presentation of the competence center H2Safety@BAM at the European PhD Hydrogen Conference 2024 in Ghent, Belgium.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European PhD Hydrogen Conference 2024 (EPHyC2024)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ghent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <author>Florian Konert</author>
    <author>Bartosz Popiela</author>
    <author>Raduan Sarif</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>H2safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Competence center</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern und Gefahrguttanks</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52674</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>176</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Entwicklung einer Bohrlochsonde für Ultraschalluntersuchungen an Abschlussbauwerken in Endlagern</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Für die Qualitätssicherung von Abschlusswerken für Endlager wird eine Ultraschall-Bohrlochsonde entwickelt. Mithilfe dieser Sonde, die aus einer Vielzahl von einzelnen koppelmittelfreien Ultraschall-Punktkontaktprüfköpfen besteht, soll die Rissfreiheit der Versuchsbauwerke überprüft werden.&#13;
Ein erster Prototyp der Sonde wurde mit einem kommerziellen Ultraschallgerät betrieben und bestand aus 12 Transversalwellen-Punktkontaktprüfköpfen von denen jeweils sechs als Sender und sechs als Empfänger parallelgeschaltet waren. Um den erzeugten Schalldruck der Bohrlochsonde zu steigern, wurde bei der Neuentwicklung die Prüfkopfanzahl erhöht und zusätzlich die laufzeitgesteuerte Anregung der einzelnen Prüfköpfe vorgesehen. Für die Anregung der Prüfköpfe mit programmierten Zeitverzögerungen wurde ein neuartiger mehrkanaliger Sender für bipolare Rechtecksignale entwickelt.&#13;
Durch die Entwicklung der Bohrlochsonde soll eine dynamische Anpassung der Prüfkopf-Apertur sowie eine Fokussierung des Schallfeldes in Abhängigkeit der zu untersuchenden Tiefe erfolgen. Mithilfe entsprechender Anregungsfunktionen kann das Schallfeld der Bohrlochsonde unterschiedlich geformt werden, z. B. ist auch ein Schwenken des fokussierten Schallbündels möglich. Dadurch wird das erfasste Prüfvolumen begrenzt und auf diese Weise das Signal-Störverhältnis der Empfangssignale verbessert. In Kombination mit SAFT-Rekonstruktionsrechnungen wird durch eine optimierte Abstrahlcharakteristik der Sonde mit einem hohen Schalldruck unter verschiedenen Winkeln eine verbesserte Signalqualität und damit eine erhöhte Aussagesicherheit der Ergebnisse in der Objektabbildung erwartet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DGZfP-Berichtsband</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526746</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-947971-18-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/portals/jt2021/bb176/inhalt/poster.htm</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/52657</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Frank Mielentz</author>
    <author>Heiko Stolpe</author>
    <author>Ute Effner</author>
    <author>Matthias Behrens</author>
    <author>Thomas Bernstein</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Abdichtbauwerk</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bohrlochsonde</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultraschall-Echoverfahren</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Verschlussbauwerk</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultraschall-Messtechnik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Kerntechnische Entsorgung</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52674/P50.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54169</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel (CH)</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of Surface Preparation on Cracking Phenomena in TIG-Welded High and Medium Entropy Alloys</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Multi-element systems with defined entropy (HEA—high entropy alloy or MEA—medium entropy alloy) are rather new material concepts that are becoming increasingly important in materials research and development. Some HEA systems show significantly improved properties or combinations of properties, e.g., the overcoming of the trade-off between high strength and ductility. Thus, the synthesis, the resulting microstructures, and properties of HEA have been primarily investigated so far. In addition, processing is crucial to achieve a transfer of potential HEA/MEA materials to real applications, e.g., highly stressed components. Since fusion welding is the most important joining process for metals, it is of vital importance to investigate the weldability of these materials. However, this has rarely been the subject of research to date. For that reason, in this work, the weldability depending on the surface preparation of a CoCrFeMnNi HEA and a CoCrNi MEA for TIG welding is investigated. The fusion welding of longer plates is described here for the first time for the CoCrNi alloy. The welds of both materials showed distinct formation of cracks in the heat affected Zone (HAZ). Optical and scanning electron microscopy analysis clearly confirmed an intergranular fracture topography. However, based on the results, the crack mechanism cannot be conclusively identified as either a liquid metal embrittlement (LME) or hot cracking-like liquid film separation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2504-4494</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/jmmp6010005</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-541697</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2nd International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Sintra, Portugal</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.10.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.10.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.04.2022</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Tim Richter</author>
    <author>Marcel Giese</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Thomas Michael</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TIG welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High entropy alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Medium entropy alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface preparation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54169/jmmp-06-00005-v2_Authors_copy.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59559</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung des Druckanschwingens von bruchmechanischen Proben aus konventionell und additiv gefertigtem 316L Stahl</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Erzeugung rissschließfreier Anrisse in gekerbten bruchmechanischen Proben für anschließende Ermüdungsversuche kann durch eine zyklische Druckbelastung an der Kerbe erfolgen: Bei der Erstbelastung wird eine plastische Verformung an der Kerbspitze erzeugt, welche Zugeigenspannungen und damit eine risstreibende Kraft bei der folgenden zyklischen Druckbelastung hervorruft. Durch das Risswachstum kommt es zu einer Entspannung, bis der Riss schließlich arretiert, weil die effektive risstreibende Kraft auf den Schwellenwert abgesunken ist.  Um Kurzrisswachstum in additiv, mittels pulverbettbasiertem Laserstrahlschmelzen (Laser Powder Bed Fusion - LPBF) gefertigtem AISI 316L Stahl und seinem konventionell erzeugten, warmgewalzten Pendant zu untersuchen, wurde dieses Verfahren im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit genutzt. Im Falle des additiv gefertigten Materials kam es zu unerwartet langem Ermüdungsrisswachstum, bevor der Riss arretierte. Zur Ermittlung der Ursache erfolgte eine Messung der Eigenspannungsverteilungen mittels Neutronendiffraktion in der Kerbebene der additiv gefertigten Proben. Anschließend wurde ein Finite-Elemente-Modell zur Simulation des Ermüdungsrisswachstums in konventionellem und additiv gefertigtem Material implementiert.  Im Rahmen dieses Vortrages wird insbesondere auf das Vorgehen bei der Simulation und auf die getroffenen Annahmen und Vereinfachungen eingegangen. Die Resultate werden mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen und das für die Simulation von Risswachstum genutzte Knoten-Freigabe-Verfahren (Node-Release), das Einbringen von Eigenspannungen als initiale Spannungen in der Simulation, und die Rechengrößen zur Quantifizierung der risstreibenden Kraft kritisch diskutiert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">56. DVM Tagung "Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kassel, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.02.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.02.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Tiago Werner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBF/LB</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ermüdungsrisswachstum</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Druckanschwingen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FEM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Node-release</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eigenspannungsmessung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutronendiffraktion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62772</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Do Microbes like Additively Manufactured Aluminium?  First Details of a Corrosion Test using Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additively manufactured metals become relevant for industrial application. Although many studies on wet corrosion of these metals have been conducted, to the authors knowledge no study seems to contain microbiological corrosion (MIC). In the presented study an experiment was conducted on PBF-LB/AlSi10Mg to test this material's susceptibility for MIC. The tested specimen were analysed using Computed Tomography before and after the MIC experiment to enable a detailed characterisation the damage on the specimens' global and local level. A global reduction of material was observed. In addition, localised damage along process inherent features of the materials microstructure was observed.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Beiratssitzung TF Umwelt</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.03.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.03.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocorrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sulphate-reducing Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microbially influenced corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Biokorrosion</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60265</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cham, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermal history transfer from complex components to representative test specimens in laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additively manufactured components are characterized by heterogeneous mechanical properties due to variations of the microstructure, flaws and residual stresses resulting from the inhomogeneous fabrication process. The large number of influencing factors poses a further challenge in understanding the correlation between material properties, process parameters and component geometry. Therefore, the qualification of components based on witness specimens produced within the same job is questionable. This work aims to present a new strategy for the characterization of PBF-LB/M components based on representative specimens. The key assumption is the feasibility of a transfer of the thermal history from a component to a specimen. It is assumed that similar material properties are determined for components and specimens produced adopting a similar thermal history. After the definition of a region of interest in the component, a combination of thermal analyses by means of finite elements and in-situ experimental determination of the thermal history through infrared thermography is used to produce test coupons with a similar thermal history. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated on a pressure vessel for applications in the chemical industry.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Progress in additive manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40964-024-00689-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2363-9512</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602651</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2363-9520</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.06.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Mohsin Ali Chaudry</author>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Sergio Blasón Gonzalez</author>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat accumulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal history</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Representative specimens</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60265/s40964-024-00689-8 (1).pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60260</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of representative test specimens by thermal history transfer in laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The use of components manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (PBF LB/M) and subjected to fatigue loading is still hampered by the uncertainty about the homogeneity of the process results. Numerous influencing factors including the component’s geometry contribute to the risk of process instability and resulting inhomogeneity of properties. This drastically limits the comparability of different built parts and requires expensive full component testing. The thermal history as the spatiotemporal temperature distribution has been identified as a major cause for flaw formation. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that a similar thermal history between components and test specimens enhances their comparability. Following this assumption, a strategy is developed to transfer the intrinsic preheating temperature as a measure of comparability of thermal histories from a region of interest of a complex component to a simple test specimen. This transfer concept has been successfully proved by the use of FEM-based macroscale thermal simulations, validated by calibrated infrared thermography. An adoption of the specimen manufacturing process by the adjustment of the inter layer times was established to manufacture specimens which are representatives of a specific region of a large-scale component in terms of the thermal history similarity criterion. The concept is schematically illustrated in Figure 1 and was demonstrated using a pressure vessel geometry from the chemical industry.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal history</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laboratory specimens</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Representative specimens</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59420</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Auswirkungen von Titan und Niob auf das metallurgische Schweißverhalten von hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen und deren mechanischen Eigenschaften</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Mikrolegierungselemente wie Nb und Ti sind entscheidend für die erwünschte mechanische Festigkeit von vergüteten Feinkornbaustählen mit einer Nennstreckgrenze von ≥ 690 MPa. Aktuelle Spezifikationen geben lediglich Obergrenzen für die chemische Zusammensetzung vor, allerdings können geringfügige Abweichungen erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften haben. Die Vorhersage der Schweißbarkeit und Integrität von Schweißverbindungen stellt aufgrund der variierenden Zusammensetzung und Mikrostrukturen Herausforderungen dar. Unerwünschte Effekte wie Erweichung der Wärmeeinflusszone (WEZ) oder Verfestigung können auftreten. Um dies zu untersuchen, wurden verschiedene Mikrolegierungsrouten mit variierenden Ti- und Nb-Gehalten an Laborschmelzen erforscht. Die Basis jeder Route entsprach der üblichen S690QL in Zusammensetzung und Wärmebehandlung. Dreilagenschweißungen wurden mittels Metallaktivgasschweißens (MAG) durchgeführt, um kritische Gefügebereiche zu identifizieren. Die Analyse konzentrierte sich auf Phasenumwandlungen während der Abkühlung und metallurgisches Ausscheidungsverhalten. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Schweißnähte wurden durch Zugversuche ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen bedeutenden Einfluss der Mikrolegierungsroute und Schweißwärmezufuhr auf die Ausscheidungskinetik, trotz insgesamt guter Schweißbarkeit der Werkstoffe.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Bacheloranden-, Masteranden-, Doktoranden Kolloquium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Magdeburg, Germany</enrichment>
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    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
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      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WEZ-Erweichung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Image Correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Querzugversuch</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikrolegierungseinfluss</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Leichtbau</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>59198</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Component test for the assessment of delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking in thick-walled SAW joints for offshore applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Offshore wind turbines continuously increase in size and weight and demand adequate offshore foundations concepts like monopiles, tripods, or jackets. These components are typically constructed using submerged arc welding (SAW) with high-strength thick steel plates like the S420ML. During welding, the occurrence of delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) must be anticipated. HAC is a critical combination of the local hydrogen concentration within a susceptible microstructure under certain mechanical load, i.e., the occurring (welding) residual stresses. The welding sequence of the thick-walled plates complicates the residual stress distribution due to the necessary repeated thermal cycling, i.e., welding seam/layer deposition to fill the joint. For that purpose, SAW with two-wire-technique was used to weld a specially designed and prototype-like mock-up of a real component with a thickness of 50 mm, filled with over 20 passes and a seam length of 1000 mm. Additional welded stiffeners simulated the effect of a high restraint, to achieve critical HAC conditions. The necessity of a minimum waiting time (MWT) before the NDT can be conducted (to exclude HAC) was critically verified by the application of ultrasonic testing of the welded joint at different time-steps of the NDT of up to 48 h after the completion welding. The residual stresses were determined by a robot XRD goniometer. Tensile residual stresses up to the yield limit are found both in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone. Numerical modeling allowed the qualitative estimation of the hydrogen diffusion in the weld. No noticeable HAC occurrence was identified and confirms the high cracking resistance of the investigated material. Finally, the applicability of the MWT concept should be critically discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-023-01658-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591981</identifier>
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These components are typically constructed using submerged arc welding (SAW) with high-strength thick steel plates like the S420ML. During welding, the occurrence of delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) must be anticipated. HAC is a critical combination of the local hydrogen concentration within a susceptible microstructure under certain mechanical load, i.e., the occurring (welding) residual stresses. The welding sequence of the thick-walled plates complicates the residual stress distribution due to the necessary repeated thermal cycling, i.e., welding seam\/layer deposition to fill the joint. For that purpose, SAW with two-wire-technique was used to weld a specially designed and prototype-like mock-up of a real component with a thickness of 50 mm, filled with over\u00a020 passes and a seam length of 1000 mm. Additional welded stiffeners simulated the effect of a high restraint, to achieve critical HAC conditions. The necessity of a minimum waiting time (MWT) before the NDT can be conducted (to exclude HAC) was critically verified by the application of ultrasonic testing of the welded joint at different time-steps of the NDT of up to 48 h after the completion welding. The residual stresses were determined by a robot XRD goniometer. Tensile residual stresses up to the yield limit are found both in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone. Numerical modeling allowed the qualitative estimation of the hydrogen diffusion in the weld. No noticeable HAC occurrence was identified and confirms the high cracking resistance of the investigated material. 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Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31030\/3428947","DOI":"10.31030\/3428947"},{"issue":"6","key":"1658_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/09507111003655200","volume":"25","author":"E Tasak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tasak E, Ziewiec A, Adamiec JA (2011) The role of hydrogen in weld cracking processes - a new look at the problem. Weld Int 25(6):409\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09507111003655200","journal-title":"Weld Int"},{"key":"1658_CR34","volume-title":"Dissertation","author":"C Heinze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heinze C (2014) Untersuchung der Mikrorissbildung beim Schwei\u00dfen hochfester Feinkornbaust\u00e4hle. Dissertation (in German). Dissertation. Technische Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"},{"key":"1658_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s40194-020-01060-5","volume":"65","author":"E Wilhelm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilhelm E, Mente T, Rhode M (2021) Waiting time before NDT of welded offshore steel grades under consideration of delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking. Weld World 65:947\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40194-020-01060-5","journal-title":"Weld World"}],"container-title":["Welding in the World"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40194-023-01658-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40194-023-01658-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40194-023-01658-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T01:18:22Z","timestamp":1703035102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40194-023-01658-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["1658"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s40194-023-01658-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-2288","1878-6669"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-2288","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6669","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Metals and Alloys","Mechanical Engineering","Mechanics of Materials"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.01.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Daniel Brackrock</author>
    <author>Denis Czeskleba</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cold cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Minimum Waiting Time</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore steel grade</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59198/Rhode_HAC_Mockup_s40194-023-01658-5.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59675</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evaluation of local strain behavior of cross-weld tensile specimens of micro-alloyed high-strength steels by digital image correlation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti play a decisive function in achieving the desired mechanical strength of quenched and tempered, high-strength fine-grain structural steels with a nominal yield strength ≥ 690 MPa. The current specifications for the chemical composition only provide manufacturers with upper limits. However, even minor deviations in the alloy concept can have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. Consequently, accurate prediction of weldability and the integrity of welded joints becomes difficult or even impossible due to differences in composition and the resulting microstructures. Undesirable consequences include a possible softening of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or, conversely, hardening effects. In view of these challenges, various microalloying strategies with different Ti and Nb contents are being systematically investigated for the first time using specially developed laboratory casting alloys. Each alloying route is based on the common S690QL, maintaining both the chemical composition and the heat treatment parameters. To analyse the weldability, three-layer welds were performed using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and critical microstructures, such as areas of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) that exhibit significant softening or hardening, were identified. The effect of the softened HAZ region on failure was evaluated using transverse tensile specimens. Digital image correlation (DIC) is used to image changes in local strains in different HAZ regions in situ. Using a specially developed mirror system, the local strains of the microstructure zones on the top and bottom of the weld are recorded simultaneously. This makes it possible to analyse how the weld seam geometry (e.g., V-seam) influences the strain gradients. In addition, the analysis of the local deformation helps to understand the effects of the softened HAZ on the global strain, the fracture constriction, the fracture position, and the overall fracture behavior.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IIW Intermediate Meeting, Com. II-A</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Incheon, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy concept</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-weld tensile sample</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51631</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>97</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>114</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>19</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London, UK</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ monitoring of a laser metal deposition (LMD) process: comparison of MWIR, SWIR and high-speed NIR thermography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing offers a range of novel applications. However, the manufacturing process is complex and the production of almost defect-free parts with high reliability and durability is still a challenge. Thermography is a valuable tool for process surveillance, especially in metal additive manufacturing processes. The high process temperatures allow one to use cameras usually operating in the visible spectral range. Here, we compare the results of measurements during the manufacturing process of a commercial laser metal deposition setup using a mid wavelength infrared camera with those from a short wavelength infrared camera and those from a visual spectrum high-speed camera with band pass filter in the near infrared range.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/17686733.2020.1829889</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-516318</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.11.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Anne Straße</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Christiane Maierhofer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LMD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MWIR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SWIR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NIR</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51631/QIRT_In-situ-thermography_LMD.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52516</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>77</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>83</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2021</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SPIE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>International Society for Optics and Photonics</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Towards the determination of real process temperatures in the LMD process by multispectral thermography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Due to the rapid thermal cycles involved in additive manufacturing of metals, high internal stresses and peculiar microstructures occur, which influence the parts mechanical properties. To systematically examine their formation, in-process measurements of the temperature are needed. Since the part emissivity is strongly inhomogeneous and rapidly changing in the process, the applicability of thermography for the determination of thermodynamic temperatures is limited. Measuring the thermal radiation in different wavelengths simultaneously, temperature and emissivity can be separated. Here, we present results of a preliminary study using multispectral thermography to obtain real temperatures and emissivities in directed energy deposition (DED) processes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLIII</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1117/12.2587881</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLIII</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">23.09.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Anne Straße</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Christiane Maierhofer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multispectral thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser metal deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LMD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature emissivity separation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52514</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Unraveling thermal radiation by multispectral thermography: Real temperatures in LMD</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing of metals offers the opportunity to build parts with a high degree of complexity without additional costs, opening a new space for design optimization. However, the processes are highly complex and due to the rapid thermal cycles involved, high internal stresses and peculiar microstructures occur, which influence the parts mechanical properties. To systematically examine the formation of internal stresses and the microstructure, in-process spatially resolved measurements of the part temperature are needed. If the emissivity of the inspected part is known, its thermodynamic temperature can be reconstructed by a suited radiometric model. However, in additive manufacturing of metals, the emissivity of the part surface is strongly inhomogeneous and rapidly changing due to variations of, e.g., the degree of oxidation, the material state and temperature. Thus, here, the applicability of thermography in the determination of thermodynamic temperatures is limited. However, measuring the process thermal radiation at different wavelengths simultaneously enables one to separate temperature and emissivity spatially resolved to obtain further insight into the process. Here, we present results of an initial study using multispectral thermography to obtain real temperatures and emissivities in the powderfree LMD process.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2nd Workshop on In-situ Monitoring and Microstructure Development in Additive Manufactured Alloys</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multispectral thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser metal deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LMD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature emissivity separation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52515</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Towards the determination of real process temperatures in the LMD process my multispectral thermography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Due to the rapid thermal cycles involved in additive manufacturing of metals, high internal stresses and peculiar microstructures occur, which influence the parts mechanical properties. To systematically examine their formation, in-process measurements of the temperature are needed. Since the part emissivity is strongly inhomogeneous and rapidly changing in the process, the applicability of thermography for the determination of thermodynamic temperatures is limited. Measuring the thermal radiation in different wavelengths simultaneously, temperature and emissivity can be separated. Here, we present results of a preliminary study using multispectral thermography to obtain real temperatures and emissivities in directed energy deposition (DED) processes.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1117/12.2587881</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLIII</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multispectral thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser metal deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LMD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature emissivity separation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52744</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">In-situ Monitoring der Additiven Fertigung von Metallen im LPA Prozess mittels Optischer Emissionsspektrometrie (OES) und Thermografie (TT)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Einer der aussichtsreichsten Ansätze, die Qualität und Sicherheit der gefertigten Teile in der metallbasierten additiven Fertigung (AM) zu erhöhen und die Notwendigkeit aufwändiger und zeitintensiver, zerstörender oder zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen (ZfP) nach der Fertigung zu verringern, liegt in dem Einsatz von in-situ Prozessüberwachungstechniken. Viele wichtige Prozessgrößen bei der additiven Fertigung sind thermischer Natur, wie z.B. die Temperatur des Schmelzbades. Aufgrund der Zugänglichkeit zum Werkstück während des Bauprozesses bieten sich optische Verfahren zur Temperaturbestimmung an. Für die Thermografie und Optische Emissionsspektrometrie im IR-Bereich, welche für die in-situ Anwendung prinzipiell als geeignet angesehen werden können, gibt es allerdings noch wenig konkrete praktische Umsetzungen, da die Möglichkeiten und individuellen Grenzen dieser Methoden, angewendet auf AM, noch nicht ausreichend erforscht sind. Aus diesem Grund verfolgt die BAM mit dem Projekt „Process Monitoring of AM“ (ProMoAM) im Themenfeld Material das Ziel, Verfahren des Prozessmonitorings zur in-situ Bewertung der Qualität additiv gefertigter Metallbauteile weiterzuentwickeln. &#13;
Im Beitrag wird der Fokus auf eine Versuchsserie gelegt, bei der Aufbau von Probekörpern aus dem austenitischen Edelstahl 316L mittels Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (LPA) durch od. mit Hilfe von IR-Spektrometrie und  Thermografie in-situ überwacht wurde. Hierbei stellen u.a. die hohe Bandbreite der zu messenden Temperaturen, die Bestimmung der Emissivität und ihre Änderung bei Phasenübergängen des Metalls große experimentelle Herausforderungen dar, wobei jede Methode individuelle Vor- und Nachteile aufweist, welche verglichen werden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Direct Energy Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laserauftragschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52987</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>626</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>632</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>10</issue>
    <volume>88</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>De Gruyter</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oldenburg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Vergleich der Messungen der Schmelzbadtemperatur bei der Additiven Fertigung von Metallen mittels IR-Spektroskopie und Thermografie</title>
    <title language="eng">Comparison of measurements of the melt pool temperature during the additive production of metals by means of IR spectroscopy and thermography</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Rahmen des Themenfeldprojektes „Process Monitoring of AM“ (ProMoAM) evaluiert die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM) gegenwärtig die Anwendbarkeit verschiedenster ZfP-Verfahren zur in-situ Prozessüberwachung in der additiven Fertigung (AM) von Metallen in Hinblick auf die Qualitätssicherung.&#13;
Einige der wichtigsten Messgrößen sind hierbei die Temperatur des Schmelzbades und die Abkühlrate, welche starken Einfluss auf das Gefüge und die Eigenspannung haben. Aufgrund der Zugänglichkeit zum Werkstück während des Bauprozesses bieten sich optische Verfahren zu Temperaturbestimmung an. Hierbei stellen jedoch u. a. die hohe Bandbreite der zu messenden Temperaturen, die Bestimmung der Emissivität und ihre Änderung bei Phasenübergängen der verwendeten Legierung große experimentelle Herausforderungen dar. Eine weitere Herausforderung stellt für die IR-Spektroskopie die Absorption durch das Schutzgas und weitere optische Elemente dar. Um diese auch in einem industriellen Umfeld kompensieren zu können, wurde eine Methode entwickelt, die das gemessene Spektrum bei der Verfestigung des Werkstoffes als Referenz nutzt. In diesem Beitrag wird die Anwendung dieser Methode für die IR-Spektrometrie als auch Thermografische Messungen beim Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen von 316L gezeigt, wobei beide Methoden weiterhin in Hinblick auf ihre individuellen Vor- und&#13;
Nachteile miteinander verglichen werden.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">Within the topic area project “Process Monitoring of AM” (ProMoAM) the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing is currently evaluating the applicability of various NDT methods for in-situ process Monitoring in the additive manufacturing (AM) of metals with regard to quality assurance. Two of the most important variables to measure are the temperature of the molten pool and the cooling rate, which have a strong influence on the microstructure and the residual stress. Due to the accessibility of the workpiece during the construction process, optical methods for temperature determination are suitable.&#13;
However, the wide range of temperatures to be measured, the determination of emissivity and its change during phase transitions of the alloy pose great experimental challenges. Another challenge for IR spectroscopy is the absorption by the inert gas and other optical elements. In order to be able to compensate for this in an industrial environment, a method was developed which uses the measured spectrum as a reference when the material is solidified.&#13;
This paper shows the application of this method for IR spectrometry as well as thermographic measurements during laser powder cladding of 316L. Furthermore both methods are compared with respect to their individual Advantages and disadvantages.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">tm – Technisches Messen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1515/teme-2021-0056</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.09.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Giuseppe Pignatelli</author>
    <author>Christiane Maierhofer</author>
    <author>Anne Straße</author>
    <author>Igor B. Gornushkin</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Direct Energy Deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IR-Spektroskopie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser metal deposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IR-spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52565</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ temperature measurements of the LMD process by IR-spectroscopy and Thermography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Temperature measurements of the LMD process by IR-spectroscopy and Thermography are presenet and compared.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2st Workshop on In-situ Monitoring and Microstructure Development in Additive Manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.04.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63648</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of various microalloying strategies on the mechanical properties of weld seams in S690QL steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microalloying elements such as niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti) play a crucial role in achieving the desired mechanical properties of quenched and tempered high-strength fine-grained structural steels with a nominal yield strength of ≥ 690 MPa. Current specifications for the chemical composition only define upper limits for these elements, providing manufacturers with some flexibility. However, even minor deviations in alloying concepts can significantly influence the resulting mechanical properties. Consequently, accurately predicting weldability and the integrity of welded joints becomes challenging or even unfeasible due to variations in composition and the associated microstructural changes. Potential adverse effects include the softening of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or, conversely, localized hardening phenomena. To address these challenges, various microalloying strategies with different Ti and Nb contents are being systematically investigated for the first time using specially designed laboratory-cast alloys. Each alloying approach is based on the commonly used S690QL steel grade while maintaining consistent chemical composition and heat treatment parameters.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">78th Annual Assembly and International Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Genoa, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HSLA</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Image Correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HAZ Softening</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impact Toughness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microalloying influence</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58721</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of the local strain behavior by digital image correlation and transverse tensile tests on welded differently microalloyed high strength structural steel</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Einsatz von hochfesten niedriglegierten Stählen (HSLA) ist in vielen Industriesektoren, wie dem allgemeinen Bauwesen, Offshore Strukturen, Mobilkranbau usw. unumgänglich geworden. Die steigende Nachfrage an Stählen mit einer hohen Festigkeit und gleichzeitig hervorragenden Zähigkeit stellt ein ökonomisches und ökologisches Potential dieser Stähle in Vordergrund. Aktuell gültige Normvorgaben (EN ISO 10025-6) geben den Stahlherstellern Vorgaben bezüglich der chemischen Zusammensetzung, um die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften erreichen zu können. Die Legierungsrouten variieren jedoch von Hersteller zu Hersteller. In Betracht der Schweißeignung dieser Stähle zeigt sich das Problem, dass diese bereits bei geringen Nb- und Ti-Mikrolegierungsunterschieden im Grundwerkstoff ein divergentes metallurgisches Verhalten in der Wärmeeinflusszone (WEZ) aufweisen.&#13;
In diesem Vortrag werden die schweiß-metallurgischen Unterschiede zwischen verschieden mikrolegiertem hochfestem Feinkornbaustahl S690QL thematisiert. Zur Prüfung der Schweißnahtfestigkeit wurden mittels eines instrumentierten DIC (ARAMIS) Systems Querzugversuche an Schweiß-Querflachzugproben durchgeführt.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AJP 2023 3rd International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Braga, Portugal</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Daniel Kadoke</author>
    <author>Julius Kruse</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WEZ-Erweichung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Image Correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Querzugversuch</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikrolegierungseinfluss</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58672</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Component test for the assessment of hydrogen assisted cracking susceptibility of thick-walled submerged arc welded offshore steels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Offshore wind turbines (OWT) are a key factor of the sustainable energy generation of tomorrow. The continuously increasing installation depths and weight of the OWTs require suitable foundation concepts like monopiles or tripods. Typically, mild steels like the S420ML are used with plate thicknesses up to several hundreds of mm causing high restraints in the weld joints. Due to the large plate thickness, submerged arc welding (SAW) with multiple wires is the state-of-the-art welding procedure. As a result of the very high stiffness of the construction, a certain susceptibility for time-delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) may occur. The evaluation of crack susceptibility is very complex due to the component size and stiffness of real offshore structures. For this purpose, a near-component test geometry was developed to transfer the real stiffness conditions to laboratory (i.e., workshop) scale. The investigated mock-up, weighing 350 kg, comprised heavy plates (thickness 50 mm, seam length 1,000 m) joined by a 22-pass submerged arc weld. Additional stiffeners simulated the effect of high restraint or shrinkage restraint of the weld. Extreme scenarios of hydrogen absorption during welding were simulated via the use of welding fluxes in dry (HD &lt; 5 ml/100g Fe) and moisture condition (HD &gt; 15 ml/100g Fe). The residual stresses were determined by a robot X-ray diffractometer. Areas of critical tensile residual stress (at the level of the yield strength) were found in the weld metal and heat affected zone. To identify possible delayed cracking, the welds were tested by phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) after 48 h.  Summarized, no significant occurrence of HAC was detected, indicating the high crack resistance of the welded joint, i.e., a suitable combination of base material, welding consumable and welding parameters.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AJP 2023: 3rd International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Braga, Portugal</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Submerged arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Waiting time</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61488</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Local strain behaviour in cross weld tensile specimens of microalloyed high strength steels using digital image correlation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study specifically examines the role of the microalloying element titanium (Ti) in achieving the desired mechanical properties of quenched and tempered high-strength fine-grain structural steels, with a nominal yield strength of ≥ 690 MPa. Current specifications limit chemical composition only by defining upper thresholds, but even minor variations in Ti content can substantially alter mechanical properties. Consequently, accurate prediction of weldability and welded joint integrity becomes challenging, as variations in Ti lead to distinct microstructural characteristics, potentially causing undesirable softening or hardening effects in the heat-affected zone (HAZ).&#13;
&#13;
To address these complexities, two distinct titanium concentrations were systematically investigated for the first time using specially developed laboratory-cast alloys. Both alloying configurations were based on the standard S690QL grade, with consistent chemical composition and heat treatment parameters maintained across the samples.&#13;
&#13;
For the weldability analysis, three-layer welds were executed using gas metal arc welding (GMAW), allowing for the identification of critical microstructural zones within the HAZ that exhibit significant softening or hardening. The influence of the softened HAZ region on failure mechanisms was assessed through transverse tensile tests. Digital image correlation (DIC) was employed to capture local strain variations across different HAZ regions in situ. With a custom-developed mirror system, local strains in microstructural zones on both the top and bottom surfaces of the weld were recorded simultaneously. This setup enabled a detailed analysis of how weld seam geometry (e.g., V-groove configuration) influences strain gradients. Additionally, the investigation of localized deformation provided insights into how variations in Ti content within the HAZ affect global strain, fracture constriction, fracture location, and overall fracture behavior.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MPA Seminar 2024 Materials Processes Applications</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Stuttgart, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Marcel Giese</author>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Daniel Kadoke</author>
    <author>Julius Kruse</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HAZ-Softening</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Image Correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross weld tensile test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52657</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Entwicklung einer Bohrlochsonde für  Ultraschalluntersuchungen an  Abschlussbauwerken in Endlagern</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Für die Qualitätssicherung von Abschlusswerken für Endlager wird eine Ultraschall-Bohrlochsonde entwickelt. Mithilfe dieser Sonde, die aus einer Vielzahl von einzelnen koppelmittelfreien Ultraschall-Punktkontaktprüfköpfen besteht, soll die Rissfreiheit der Versuchsbauwerke überprüft werden. &#13;
Ein erster Prototyp der Sonde wurde mit einem kommerziellen Ultraschallgerät betrieben und bestand aus 12 Transversalwellen-Punktkontaktprüfköpfen von denen jeweils sechs als Sender und sechs als Empfänger parallelgeschaltet waren. Um den erzeugten Schalldruck der Bohrlochsonde zu steigern, wurde bei der Neuentwicklung die Prüfkopfanzahl erhöht und zusätzlich die laufzeitgesteuerte Anregung der einzelnen Prüfköpfe vorgesehen. Für die Anregung der Prüfköpfe mit programmierten Zeitverzögerungen wurde ein neuartiger mehrkanaliger Sender für bipolare Rechtecksignale entwickelt. &#13;
Durch die Entwicklung der Bohrlochsonde soll eine dynamische Anpassung der Prüfkopf-Apertur sowie eine Fokussierung des Schallfeldes in Abhängigkeit der zu untersuchenden Tiefe erfolgen. Mithilfe entsprechender Anregungsfunktionen kann das Schallfeld der Bohrlochsonde unterschiedlich geformt werden, z. B. ist auch ein Schwenken des fokussierten Schallbündels möglich. Dadurch wird das erfasste Prüfvolumen begrenzt und auf diese Weise das Signal-Störverhältnis der Empfangssignale verbessert. In Kombination mit SAFT-Rekonstruktionsrechnungen wird durch eine optimierte Abstrahlcharakteristik der Sonde mit einem hohen Schalldruck unter verschiedenen Winkeln eine verbesserte Signalqualität und damit eine erhöhte Aussagesicherheit der Ergebnisse in der Objektabbildung erwartet.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/portals/jt2021/bb176/inhalt/poster.htm</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526746</enrichment>
    <author>Ute Effner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Abdichtbauwerk</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultraschall-Echoverfahren</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bohrlochsonde</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Verschlussbauwerk</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Kerntechnische Entsorgung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51273</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">In-situ Prozessüberwachung beim Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (LPA) mittels Thermographie, optischer Emissionsspektroskopie (OES) und Schallemission (AE)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In diesem Vortrag wird ein Überblick über die in-situ Messverfahren gegeben, die im Rahmen des Projektes ProMoAM an der LPA- Anlage eingesetzt wurden. Im Speziellen sind das die Thermographie, die optische Emissionsspektroskopie (OES) und die Akustische Emission (AE).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">41. Assistentenseminar der WGF e.V.</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">04.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Anne Straße</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schallemission</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermographie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optische Emissionsspektroskopie</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60707</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>244</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation on the fatigue strength of AlSi10Mg fabricated by PBF-LB/M and subjected to low temperature heat treatments</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This work provides an investigation of the influence of low temperature heat treatments on the fatigue behavior of a PBF-LB AlSi10Mg alloy. Fatigue specimens are produced in form of round bars on a build platform preheated at 200 ◦C. The specimens have been tested in three different conditions: as-built, and after heat treatments at 265 ◦C for 1 h and 300 ◦C for 2 h. Prior to the fatigue testing, the defect distribution is analyzed by means of micro computed tomography. Subsequently, the peak over threshold method is successfully applied to provide a prediction of the size of killer defect. The defect population was of gas porosity type. No clear improvement of the fatigue performance is observed after the heat treatments. The fatigue strength predicted using fracture mechanics-based approaches is in good agreement with the experimental data. Among the studied approaches, short crack models provided the most conservative predictions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials &amp; Design</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0264-1275</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113170</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607071</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.08.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>Jan Haubrich</author>
    <author>Guillermo Requena</author>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fatigue strength</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defects</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kitagawa-Takahashi Diagram</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Short Crack Models</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60707/Roveda_HCF_modelling_LPBF_AlSi10Mg_2024.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54494</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>564</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>571</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>38</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of residual stresses and microstructure effects on the fatigue behaviour of a L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Al-Si alloys produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) techniques allow the fabrication of lightweight free-shape components that find space in aerospace, automotive, biomedical and military applications. Due to the high cooling rates occurring during the building process, L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloys exhibit an ultra-fine microstructure that leads to superior mechanical properties in the as-built condition compared to conventional cast Al-Si materials. Nevertheless, L-PBF processing induces high thermal gradients, leading to deleterious residual stress levels that must be considered to avoid part distortion and unpredicted failures. In order to relax detrimental residual stress and to increase the ductility, post-processing stress relief treatments are generally performed. In as-built condition the hypoeutectic AlSi10Mg microstructure consist of fine α-Al cells containing uniformly dispersed silicon nanoparticles, which are, in addition, surrounded by a eutectic Si network. Above 260°C the silicon interconnectivity starts to breakdown into spheroidized particles and to coarsen. At the same time, the heating residual stresses are relieved. &#13;
The objective of the contribution is to investigate, under different heat treatment conditions, the evolution of microstructure and residual stresses in view of optimizing the fatigue performance of the alloy. To this purpose various heat treatments in a range of temperatures between 265°C and 300°C for a duration between 15 minutes and 2 hours are performed. The microstructure modifications are analysed using a scanning electron microscope and the residual stress state is measured by laboratory X-ray diffraction.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia Structural Integrity</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.prostr.2022.03.057</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2452-3216</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-544942</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">FATIGUE DESIGN 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.05.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi10Mg alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54494/2021_Roveda.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61853</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>1335</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier BV</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of a fully automated slurry sampling introduction system for GF-AAS and its application for the determination of cadmium in different matrices</title>
    <abstract language="eng">element analysis, offering high sensitivity and precision. However, its effectiveness is limited by sample preparation challenges for solid samples like soils and microplastics. Traditional methods include sample preparation, such as digestion, which is time-consuming and involves reagents, like acids, contributing to measurement uncertainty and higher carbon footprints. Slurry sampling allows direct analysis of suspensions, offering a more efficient alternative. However, maintaining suspension stability is challenging, requiring robust autosampler systems to streamline the process and enhance analytical performance.&#13;
Results: We present a novel autosampler extension for slurry sample introduction into GF-AAS. This system ensures suspension stability with a stirring device and closed vessels to prevent evaporation and contamination, incorporating a cooling unit to reduce solvent and analyte losses. It installs and removes in minutes without&#13;
additional connections. Validation with cadmium analysis in BAM-U110 (Soil) and BAM-H010 (ABS) showed high reliability. For BAM-U110 (Soil), we achieved recovery rates of 94 % ± 13 % in water suspension. The recovery rate for BAM-H010 (ABS) was 104 % ±11 % in acetonitrile suspension. These results demonstrate the system’s robustness, versatility, and accuracy for different matrices.&#13;
Significance:&#13;
The autosampler extension helps solve key problems in trace element analysis of solid samples, making the process faster and more accurate. It works well with complex materials, making it useful for areas like microplastic or nanoparticle analysis. This improvement also helps meet regulations for monitoring environ mental and polymer samples, offering a reliable and flexible tool for high-throughput analysis with fewer errors.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Analytica Chimica Acta</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.aca.2024.343460</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0003-2670</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618531</identifier>
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    <author>Marcus von der Au</author>
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      <value>Cd</value>
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    <title language="eng">Influence of post-process heat treatments on the fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The microstructure has a great influence on short fatigue crack growth in metallic materials. Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg alloys exhibit in the as-built condition a fine fibrous Si structure and a supersaturated solid solution of Si in the α-Al matrix, which is significantly modified by heat treatments starting already at temperatures under 260 °C. This study focuses on the influence of post-process heat treatments on the microstructural evolution and the resulting fatigue crack growth resistance. As compared to the as-built condition, two heat treatments at 265 °C/1 h and at 300 °C/2 h are found to be beneficial to the fatigue crack growth resistance of the investigated material.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Fatigue</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2023.107808</identifier>
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    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>J. Haubrich</author>
    <author>G. Requena</author>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
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      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Fatigue crack growth</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Cyclic R-curve</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Heat treatment</value>
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    <title language="eng">Influence of microstructure and residual stress state on the fatigue behaviour of a PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The high cooling rates (~106 K/s) occurring during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) of AlSi10Mg induce to the formation of a fine nanometric silicon network in the as-built condition. Such unprecedented microstructure enhances the mechanical strength when compared to equivalent as-cast materials. Nevertheless, PBF-LB/M also leads to high magnitude residual stress (RS) due to the extreme localized temperature gradients. The presence of RS can be detrimental to the fatigue life of engineering components, and great efforts are focused on understanding their generation and evolution after post-process heat treatments. Typically, T6 heat treatments are used to mitigate RS and improve mechanical performances by Mg2Si precipitation during ageing at 160-180°C. Nevertheless, the solutionizing at 500-540°C vanishes the fine silicon network, leading to the formation of micrometric (average of ~2-5 µm) polygonal Si particles, similar to those observed in T6 heat-treated Al-Si cast materials. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the ability of two so-called low temperature heat treatments (i.e., at 265°C and 300°C) to mitigate RS while retaining the fine as-built microstructure inherent to PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg. The fatigue behavior of the as-built material is subsequently compared to the two low temperature conditions.</abstract>
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    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Fatigue crack propagation</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Residual stress</value>
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      <value>Post processing heat treatment</value>
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    <title language="eng">Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure, residual stress state and fatigue properties of PBF-LB/M AlSi10Mg</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Al-Si alloys produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) techniques allow the fabrication of lightweight free-shape components. Due to the extremely heterogeneous cooling and heating, PBF-LB/M induces high magnitude residual stress (RS) and a fine Si microstructure. As the RS can be deleterious to the fatigue resistance of engineering components, great efforts are focused on understanding their evolution before and after post-process heat treatments (HT).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Symposium 2022 (AAMS22)</enrichment>
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    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <subject>
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      <value>Neutron diffraction</value>
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      <value>X-ray diffraction</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Crack propagation</value>
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    <title language="eng">Prediction of the fatigue limit of additively  manufactured metallic materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Structural alloys are largely employed in key industrial sectors and their demand is predicted to rise rapidly for the next decades. Most of these materials require a large amount of energy for extraction and manufacturing, which causes the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Therefore, strategies for improving the sustainability of structural metallic alloys are urgently needed.&#13;
Additive Manufacturing (AM), in particular Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M), aims to be a sustainable manufacturing process, as it allows the build-up of complex geometry in near net-shape from 3D models, while minimizing material waste and the energy required for the process and post-process treatments.&#13;
Nevertheless, the application of additively manufactured parts in structural safety-relevant applications is still hindered by the poor fatigue performance. The cause of this has been mainly attributed to the presence of manufacturing defects and surface roughness. Therefore, a huge effort has been made to optimize the process parameters and to introduce post-process treatments to minimize the defect content. However, material flaws cannot be fully eliminated, but these can be considered in a damage tolerance framework for the prediction of the fatigue performance of additively manufactured metallic materials, which is essential for part design and qualification.&#13;
This work aims at presenting different modelling strategies for the prediction of the fatigue limit of AM metals. Simple empirical models and more complex models based on fatigue short crack propagation are proposed. The investigated material is an AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by PBF-LB/M and subjected to two different low-temperature heat-treatments (265°C for 1 h and 300°C for 2h). The results show that the models can provide good approximation of the fatigue limits and help in the interpretation of the scatter of fatigue data.</abstract>
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    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Fatigue</value>
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      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53794</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of residual stresses and microstructure effects on the fatigue behaviour of a L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Al-Si alloys produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) techniques allow the fabrication of lightweight free-shape components. Due to the high cooling rates occurring during the building process, L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloys exhibit an ultra-fine microstructure that leads to superior mechanical properties in the as-built condition compared to conventional cast Al-Si materials. Nevertheless, L-PBF processing induces high thermal gradients, leading to deleterious residual stress. In order to relax detrimental residual stress and to increase the ductility, post-processing stress relief treatments are performed. The objective of the contribution is to investigate, under different heat treatment condition, the evolution of microstructure and residual stresses in view of optimizing the fatigue performance of the alloy. To this purpose various heat treatments in a range of temperatures between 265°C and 300°C for a duration between 15 minutes and 2 hours are performed.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Fatigue Design 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Senlis, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi10Mg</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52293</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Damage Tolerant Approach in Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Damage tolerance counts as one of the most widespread approach to fatigue assessment and surely as one of the most promising in understanding the process-structure-property-performance relationships in additively manufactured metallic materials. Manufacturing defects, surface roughness, microstructural features, short and long crack fatigue propagation, residual stresses and applied loads can be taken into consideration in a fracture mechanics-based fatigue assessment. Many aspects are crucial to the reliable component life prediction. Among those a prominent role is played by an accurate measurement and modelling of the short crack fatigue behavior, and reliable statistical characterization of defects and residual stresses. &#13;
This work aims at addressing the issues related to both experimental testing, fatigue and fatigue crack propagation, and fracture mechanics-based modelling of fatigue lives. Examples will be provided on an additively manufactured AISI 316 L.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">TMS2021 VIRTUAL</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.03.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.03.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AISI 316L</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Damage Tolerance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defects</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual Stress</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52924</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1063</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>11</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, Schweiz</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Process Induced Preheating in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Monitored by Thermography and Its Influence on the Microstructure of 316L Stainless Steel Parts</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Undetected and undesired microstructural variations in components produced by laser powder bed fusion are a major challenge, especially for safety-critical components. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the microstructural features of 316L specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion at different levels of volumetric energy density and different levels of inter layer time is reported. The study has been conducted on specimens with an application relevant build height&#13;
(&gt;100 mm). Furthermore, the evolution of the intrinsic preheating temperature during the build-up of specimens was monitored using a thermographic in-situ monitoring set-up. By applying recently determined emissivity values of 316L powder layers, real temperatures could be quantified. Heat accumulation led to preheating temperatures of up to about 600 °C. Significant differences in the preheating temperatures were discussed with respect to the individual process parameter combinations, including the build height. A strong effect of the inter layer time on the heat accumulation was observed. A shorter inter layer time resulted in an increase of the preheating temperature by more than a factor of 2 in the upper part of the specimens compared to longer inter layer times. This, in turn, resulted in heterogeneity of the microstructure and differences in material properties within individual specimens. The resulting differences in the microstructure were analyzed using electron back scatter diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results from chemical analysis as well as electron back scatter diffraction measurements indicated stable conditions in terms of chemical alloy composition and austenite phase content for the used set of parameter combinations. However, an increase of the average grain size by more than a factor of 2.5 could be revealed within individual specimens. Additionally, differences in feature size of the solidification cellular substructure were examined and a trend of increasing cell sizes was observed. This trend was attributed to differences in solidification rate and thermal gradients induced by differences in scanning velocity and preheating temperature. A change of the thermal history due to intrinsic preheating could be identified as the main cause of this heterogeneity. It was induced by critical combinations of the energy input and differences in heat transfer conditions by variations of the inter layer time. The microstructural variations were directly correlated to differences in hardness.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metals</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/met11071063</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529240</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.08.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Konstantin Sommer</author>
    <author>Tim Knobloch</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Sebastian Recknagel</author>
    <author>Dirk Bettge</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat accumulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inter layer time</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cellular substructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien und Gasanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52924/metals-11-01063-v2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53967</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>132</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>140</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>370</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS MEdia</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">In-situ Prozessüberwachung beim Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (LPA) mittels Thermografie, optischer Emissionsspektroskopie (OES) und Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Vor allem in den letzten Jahren ist das Interesse der Industrie an der additiven Fertigung deutlich gestiegen. Die Vorteile dieser Verfahren sind zahlreich und ermöglichen eine ressourcenschonende, kundenorientierte Fertigung von Bauteilen, welche zur stetigen Entwicklung neue Anwendungsbereiche und Werkstoffe führen. Aufgrund der steigenden Anwendungsfälle, nimmt auch der Wunsch nach Betriebssicherheit unabhängig von anschließenden kostenintensiven zerstörenden und zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren zu. Zu diesem Zweck werden im Rahmen des von der BAM durchgeführten Themenfeldprojektes „Prozessmonitoring in Additive Manufacturing“ verschiedenste Verfahren auf ihre Tauglichkeit für den in-situ Einsatz bei der Prozessüberwachung in der additiven Fertigung untersucht. Hier werden drei dieser in-situ Verfahren, die Thermografie, die optische Emissionsspektroskopie und die Schallmissionsanalyse für den Einsatz beim Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen betrachtet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">41. Assistentenseminar der Füge- und Schweißtechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-141-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">41. Assistentenseminar der Füge- und Schweißtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Magdeburg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">04.09.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Anne Straße</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Giuseppe Pignatelli</author>
    <author>Igor B. Gornushkin</author>
    <author>Franziska Baensch</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (LPA)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermographie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optische Emissionsspektroskopie (OES)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51254</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>155</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>160</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>94</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In situ heat accumulation by geometrical features obstructing heat flux and by reduced inter layer times in laser powder bed fusion of AISI 316L stainless steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Material qualification for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processes are often based on results derived from additively manufactured (AM) bulk material or small density cubes, although it is well known that the part geometry has a tremendous influence on the heat flux and, therefore, on the thermal history of an AM component. This study shows experimentally the effect of simple geometrical obstructions to the heat flux on cooling behavior and solidification conditions of 316L stainless steel processed by L-PBF. Additionally, it respects two distinct inter layer times (ILT) as well as the build height of the parts. The cooling behavior of the parts is in-situ traced by infrared (IR) thermography during the built-up. The IR signals reveal significant differences in cooling conditions, which are correlated to differences in melt pool geometries. The acquired data and results can be used for validation of computational models and improvements of quality assurance.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.030</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-512549</identifier>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective laser beam melting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Melt pool depth</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inter layer time</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ppreheating temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51254/1-s2.0-S2212827120312154-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61038</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>301</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>304</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Comparison of NIR and SWIR thermography for defect detection in Laser Powder Bed Fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Since laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is prone to the formation of defects during the building process, a fundamental requirement for widespread application is to find ways to assure safety and reliability of the additively manufactured parts. A possible solution for this problem lies in the usage of in-situ thermographic monitoring for defect detection. In this contribution we investigate possibilities and limitations of the VIS/NIR wavelength range for defect detection. A VIS/NIR camera can be based on conventional silicon-based sensors which typically have much higher spatial and temporal resolution in the same price range but are more limited in the detectable temperature range than infrared sensors designed for longer wavelengths. To investigate the influence, we compared the thermographic signatures during the creation of artificially provoked defects by local parameter variations in test specimens made of a nickel alloy (UNS N07208) for two different wavelength ranges (~980 nm and ~1600 nm).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.122</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nils Scheuschner</author>
    <author>Simon Oster</author>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>PBF-LB/M</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Thermography</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>NDT</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
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    <language>deu</language>
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    <title language="deu">Experimentelle Ermittlung zyklischer R-Kurven in additiv gefertigtem AISI 316L Stahl</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Diese Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Charakterisierung von Kurzrisswachstum in mittels Laser-Pulverbett-Verschmelzen (LPBF - Laser Powder Bed Fusion) hergestelltem rostfreien austenitischen Stahl. Spezifischer wird die Ermittlung zyklischer R-Kurven untersucht. Diese beschreiben den Aufbau des Widerstands gegen Ermüdungsrisswachstum - d.h. des Schwellenwertes - aufgrund von Rissschließeffekten bei physikalisch kurzen Rissen. Mit Hilfe der zyklischen R-Kurven kann die Fähigkeit eines Bauteils, physikalisch kurze Risse zu arretieren, charakterisiert werden. Wir verfügen damit über eine Schnittstelle zwischen klassischer Ermüdung und Bruchmechanik. Das ist gerade auch für additiv gefertigte (AM – Additive Manufacturing) Materialien von Interesse. Diese weisen prozessintrinsische Defekte auf, die als Initiierungsstellen kurzer Ermüdungsrisse agieren. Im Rahmen der experimentellen Untersuchungen wurden zyklische R-Kurven für konventionellen und LPBF AISI-316L-Stahl ermittelt. Insbesondere wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Wärmebehandlungen (WB1: 450°C, WB2: 800°C und WB3: 900°C) auf das Wachstumsverhalten physikalisch kurzer Risse im LPBF-Material untersucht. Aufgrund hoher Eigenspannungen war die Ermittlung des Kurzrisswachstumsverhaltens bei WB1 nicht möglich. Für WB2 und WB3 ergaben sich sehr unterschiedliche zyklische R-Kurven. Untersuchungen der Eigenspannungen, der Bruchfläche (insbesondere der Rauheit) und der Mikrostruktur sollen die Ursachen für das unterschiedliche Verhalten erklären. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den Verhältnissen in konventionellem Material verglichen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Tagung des Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit</enrichment>
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    <author>Tiago Werner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zyklische R-Kurve</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ermüdungsriss</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>316L</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
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    <title language="eng">Comparison of NIR and SWIR thermography for defect detection in laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Since laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) is prone to the formation of defects during the building process, a fundamental requirement for widespread application is to find ways to assure safety and reliability of the additively manufactured parts. A possible solution for this problem lies in the usage of in-situ thermographic monitoring for defect detection. In this contribution we investigate possibilities and limitations of the VIS/NIR wavelength range for defect detection. A VIS/NIR camera can be based on conventional silicon-based sensors which typically have much higher spatial and temporal resolution in the same price range but are more limited in the detectable temperature range than infrared sensors designed for longer wavelengths. To investigate the influence, we compared the thermographic signatures during the creation of artificially provoked defects by local parameter variations in test specimens made of a nickel alloy (UNS N07208) for two different wavelength&#13;
ranges (~980 nm and ~1600 nm).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">13th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies - LANE 2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Philipp Peter Breese</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nondestructive Testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defect Detection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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  </doc>
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    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
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    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">A deep learning framework for defect prediction based on thermographic in-situmonitoring in laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The prediction of porosity is a crucial task for metal based additive manufacturing techniques such as laser powder bed fusion. Short wave infrared thermography as an in-situ monitoring tool enables the measurement of the surface radiosity during the laser exposure. Based on the thermogram data, the thermal history of the component can be reconstructed which is closely related to the resulting mechanical properties and to the formation of porosity in the part. In this study, we present a novel framework for the local prediction of porosity based on extracted features from thermogram data. The framework consists of a data pre-processing workflow and a supervised deep learning classifier architecture. The data pre-processing&#13;
workflow generates samples from thermogram feature data by including feature information from multiple subsequent layers.&#13;
Thereby, the prediction of the occurrence of complex process phenomena such as keyhole pores is enabled. A custom convolutional neural network model is used for classification. Themodel is trained and tested on a dataset from thermographic in-situ monitoring of the manufacturing of an AISI 316L stainless steel test component. The impact of the pre-processing parameters and the local void distribution on the classification performance is studied in detail. The presented model achieves an accuracy of 0.96 and an f1-Score of 0.86 for predicting keyhole porosity in small sub-volumes with a dimension of (700 × 700 × 50) μm3. Furthermore, we show that pre-processing parameters such as the porosity threshold for sample&#13;
labeling and the number of included subsequent layers are influential for the model performance. Moreover, the model prediction is shown to be sensitive to local porosity changes although it is trained on binary labeled data that disregards the actual sample porosity.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10845-023-02117-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575148</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0956-5515</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.06.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Simon Oster</author>
    <author>Philipp Peter Breese</author>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M, L-PBF)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective Laser Melting (SLM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SWIR thermography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Online monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flaw detection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machine learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Convolutional neural networks (CNN)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
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