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  <doc>
    <id>54352</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Non-Destructive Multi-Method Assessment of Steel Fiber Orientation in Concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Integration of fiber reinforcement in high-performance cementitious materials has become widely applied in many fields of construction. One of the most investigated advantages of steel Fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is the deceleration of crack growth and hence its improved sustainability.&#13;
Additional benefits are associated with its structural properties, as fibers can significantly increase the ductility and the tensile strength of concrete. In some applications it is even possible to entirely replace the conventional reinforcement, leading to significant logistical and environmental benefits.&#13;
Fiber reinforcement can, however, have critical disadvantages and even hinder the Performance of concrete, since it can induce an anisotropic material behavior of the mixture if the fibers are not appropriately oriented. For a safe use of SFRC in the future, reliable non-destructive testing (NDT) methods need to be identified to assess the fibers’ orientation in hardened concrete. In this study,&#13;
ultrasonic material testing, electrical impedance testing, and X-ray computed tomography have been investigated for this purpose using specially produced samples with biased or random Fiber orientations. We demonstrate the capabilities of each of these NDT techniques for fiber orientation measurements and draw conclusions based on these results about the most promising areas for future research and development.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied Sciences</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/app12020697</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543520</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.02.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>T. Oesch</author>
    <author>Frank Mielentz</author>
    <author>Dietmar Meinel</author>
    <author>P. Spyridis</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spectral induced polarization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel fiber reiniforced concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber orientation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micro-computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54352/Kruschwitz_etal_2022_MDPI_Stahlfasern.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54986</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">NanoXSpot: Brennfleckvermessung im µm- und nm-Bereich</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Rahmen des EMPIR-Projektes NanoXSpot (Nanometre X-Ray Focal Spot Measurement) werden rückführbare Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Brennfleckgröße und -form von Röntgenröhren mit Submikrometerauflösung (100 nm – 20 µm) entwickelt, die die Grundlage für die Erarbeitung eines Standardentwurfes bilden. Der Standardentwurf wird bei CEN TC 138 (Non-destructive testing) WG 1 (Radiographic testing) eingereicht und mit ISO und ASTM harmonisiert. Zur Untersuchung der entwickelten Methoden (Brennfleck-CT, Fit-Prozedur für Strichgruppenkörper) und des im Projekt NanoXSpot neu entworfenen Testkörpers, NxS, wurde ein Ringversuch durchgeführt. Dabei wurde sowohl der angestrebte Überlappungsbereich mit EN 12543 Teil 5 (Messung der effektiven Brennfleckgröße von Mini- und Mikrofokus-Röntgenröhren) und ASTM E 2903 (Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes) für Brennflecke &gt;5 µm als auch Brennflecke &lt;5 µm untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt standen dabei Stabilität und Wiederholbarkeit der entwickelten Methoden zur Bestimmung der Brennfleckgröße. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse des durchgeführten Ringversuches vorgestellt und diskutiert, um Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für die Vorbereitung eines erweiterten Ringversuchs mit Partnern und Stakeholdern abzuleiten.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2022/bb/P10.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP Jahrestagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kassel, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>David Schumacher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brennfleckvermessung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Focal spot measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gauge design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EMPIR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computer Tomographie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55707</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Earthquake Monitoring</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A brief introduction of my previous research experince involving design of Photonic Crystal Fiber followed by introduction to my current PhD project at BAM involving earthquake monitoring. First results of my original setup for measuring geometric Phase are included.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Intro to PhD project on Earthquake Monitoring</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.04.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Sabahat Shaheen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Earthquake Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geometric Phase</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Sensorik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55679</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Application of LIBS to identify construction and demolition waste for circular economy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Responsible treatment of the environment and resources is a key element of sustainability. The building and construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Consequently, there is a particular need for regulations and technologies that help to create closed material cycles. From the technological point of view, such efforts are complicated by the growing material diversity and the amount of composites contained in present and future construction and demolition waste (CDW). Nowadays, simple but proven techniques like manual sorting are mainly used. However, this practice not only poses health risks and dangers to the staff performing the work, but also relies on merely obvious, visually striking differences. Automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace this practice to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions. The preliminary results for the identification of a wide variety of building materials with LIBS are presented.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">XII Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS 2022)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bari, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Construction and demolition waste</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Circular economy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55817</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Overview of NDT techniques for moisture measurements in building materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Overview of NDT techniques for moisture measurements in building materials used in department 8 of BAM.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ENBRI Expert Workshop "Hygrothermal testing -  a necessity to guarantee durable buildings"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Brussels, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Tim Klewe</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Moisture</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Building materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GPR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NMR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microwave</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55795</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Liebert</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New Rochelle, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of NiTi 4D Structures: Influence of Interlayer Delay</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Shape memory alloy structures for actuator and vibration damper applications may be manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (W AAM), which is one of the additive manufacturing technologies. Multilayer deposition causes heat accumulation during W AAM, which rises the preheat temperature of the previously created layer. This leads to process instabilities, which result in deviations from the desired dimensions and mechanical properties changes. During W AAM deposition of the wall structure, a systematic research is carried out by adjusting the interlayer delay from 10 to 30 s. When the delay period is increased from 10 to 30 s, the breadth decreases by 45% and the height increases by 33%. Grain refinement occurs when the interlayer delay duration is increased, resulting in better hardness, phase transformation temperature, compressive strength, and shape recovery behavior. This study shows how the interlayer delay affects the behavior of W AAM-built nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) structures in a variety of applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">3D Printing and additive manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1089/3dp.2021.0296</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2329-7662</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">28.09.2022</enrichment>
    <author>S. Singh</author>
    <author>I. A. Palani</author>
    <author>C. P. Paul</author>
    <author>Alexander Funk</author>
    <author>P. K. Gokuldoss</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wire are additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Shape memory alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nitinol</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interlayer delay</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55120</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Laser-based sorting of construction and demolition waste for the circular economy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Closed material cycles and unmixed material fractions are required to achieve high recovery and recycling rates in the building industry. The growing diversity of construction and demolition waste is leading to increasing difficulties in separating the individual materials. Manual sorting involves many risks and dangers for the executing staff and is merely based on obvious, visually detectable differences for separation. An automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace this practice to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions.&#13;
A joint project of partners from industry and research institutions approaches this task by investigating and testing the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and visual (VIS)/ near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3-containing building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.). Focusing on Berlin as an example, the entire value chain will be analyzed to minimize economic/technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level and to sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates.&#13;
First LIBS measurements show promising results in distinguishing various material types. A meaningful validation shall be achieved with further practical samples. Future works will investigate the combination of LIBS and VIS/NIR spectroscopy in a fully automated measurement setup with conveyor belt speeds of 3 m/s.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">6th fib Congress 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Oslo, Norway</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/55555</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Tim Klewe</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Recycling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Construction and demolition waste</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sorting</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57550</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The Intersection Between Semantic Web and Materials Science</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The application and benefits of Semantic Web Technologies (SWT) for managing, sharing, and (re-)using of research data are demonstrated in implementations in the field of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE). However, a compilation and classification are needed to fully recognize the scattered published works with its unique added values. Here, the primary use of SWT at the interface with MSE is identified using specifically created categories. This overview highlights promising opportunities for the application of SWT to MSE, such as enhancing the quality of experimental processes, enriching data with contextual information in knowledge graphs, or using ontologies to perform specific queries on semantically structured data. While interdisciplinary work between the two fields is still in its early stages, a great need is identified to facilitate access for nonexperts and develop and provide user-friendly tools and workflows. The full potential of SWT can best be achieved in the long term by the broad acceptance and active participation of the MSE community. In perspective, these technological solutions will advance the field of MSE by making data FAIR. Data-driven approaches will benefit from these data structures and their connections to catalyze knowledge generation in MSE.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Intelligent Systems</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/aisy.202300051</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575506</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andre Valdestilhas</author>
    <author>Bernd Bayerlein</author>
    <author>Benjami Moreno Torres</author>
    <author>Ghezal Ahmad Jan Zia</author>
    <author>Thilo Muth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Linked open data</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
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    <title language="eng">Sorting of construction and demolition waste by combining LIBS with NIR spectroscopy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In a joint project of partners from industry and research, the automated recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is investigated and tested by combing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3-cotaining building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.). The project focuses primarily on the Berlin site to analyze the entire value chain, minimize economic/technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level, and sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates. First measurements with LIBS and NIR spectroscopy show promising results in distinguishing various material types and indicate the potential for a successful combination. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is being performed to obtain more information about the quantitative elemental composition of the different building materials. Future work will apply the developed sorting methodology in a fully automated measurement setup with CDW on a conveyor belt.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDTCE 2022)</parentTitle>
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    <author>Gerd Wilsch</author>
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    <title language="eng">Sorting of construction and demolition waste by combining LIBS with NIR spectroscopy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In a joint project of partners from industry and research, the automated recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is investigated and tested by combing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3-cotaining building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.). The project focuses primarily on the Berlin site to analyze the entire value chain, minimize economic/technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level, and sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates. First measurements with LIBS and NIR spectroscopy show promising results in distinguishing various material types and indicate the potential for a successful combination. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is being performed to obtain more information about the quantitative elemental composition of the different building materials. Future work will apply the developed sorting methodology in a fully automated measurement setup with CDW on a conveyor belt.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Laser-based sorting of construction and demolition waste for the circular economy</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Closed material cycles and unmixed material fractions are required to achieve high recovery and recycling rates in the building industry. The growing diversity of construction and demolition waste is leading to increasing difficulties in separating the individual materials. Manual sorting involves many risks and dangers for the executing staff and is merely based on obvious, visually detectable differences for separation. An automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace this practice to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions.&#13;
A joint project of partners from industry and research institutions approaches this task by investigating and testing the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and visual (VIS)/ near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3-containing building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.). Focusing on Berlin as an example, the entire value chain will be analyzed to minimize economic/technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level and to sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates.&#13;
First LIBS measurements show promising results in distinguishing various material types. A meaningful validation shall be achieved with further practical samples. Future works will investigate the combination of LIBS and VIS/NIR spectroscopy in a fully automated measurement setup with conveyor belt speeds of 3 m/s.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 6th fib Congress 2022</parentTitle>
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    <title language="eng">XCT data of metallic feedstock powder with pore size analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">X-Ray computed tomography (XCT) scan of 11 individual metallic powder particles, made of (Mn,Fe)2(P,Si) alloy. The data set consists of 4 single XCT scans which have been stitched together [3] after reconstruction. The powder material is an (Mn,Fe)2(P,Si) alloy with an average density of 6.4 g/cm³. The particle size range is about 100 - 150 µm with equivalent pore diameters up to 75 µm. The powder and the metallic alloy are described in detail in [1, 2].</abstract>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>David Schumacher</author>
    <author>Anja Waske</author>
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      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
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    <title language="deu">Laserbasierte Baustoffsortierung zur Aufbereitung von Bau und Abbruchabfällen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft (LIBS ConSort)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Geschlossene Materialkreisläufe und sortenreine Materialfraktionen sind erforderlich, um hohe Verwertungs und Recyclingquoten in der Bauindustrie zu erreichen Beim Recycling von Bau und Abbruchabfällen wurden bisher bevorzugt einfache, aber bewährte Techniken eingesetzt, um große Mengen Bauschutt in kurzer Zeit zu verarbeiten Dies steht im Gegensatz zu den immer komplexer werdenden Verbundwerkstoffen in der Mineralbaustoffindustrie Die aktuell oft praktizierte händische Klaubung bürgt viele Risiken und Gefahren für das ausführende Personal und basiert lediglich auf offensichtlichen, visuell erkennbaren Unterschieden zur Trennung Eine automatisierte, sensorgestützte Sortierung dieser Baustoffe könnte diese Praxis ergänzen oder ersetzen, um die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, die Recyclingraten, die Sortierqualität und die vorherrschenden Gesundheitsbedingungen zu verbessern.</abstract>
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    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
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    <title language="deu">LIBS ConSort Laserbasierte Baustoffsortierung zur Aufbereitung von Bau und Abbruchabfällen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Geschlossene Materialkreisläufe und sortenreine Materialfraktionen sind erforderlich, um hohe Verwertungs und Recyclingquoten in der Bauindustrie zu erreichen Beim Recycling von Bau und Abbruchabfällen wurden bisher bevorzugt einfache, aber bewährte Techniken eingesetzt, um große Mengen Bauschutt in kurzer Zeit zu verarbeiten Dies steht im Gegensatz zu den immer komplexer werdenden Verbundwerkstoffen in der Mineralbaustoffindustrie Die aktuell oft praktizierte händische Klaubung bürgt viele Risiken und Gefahren für das ausführende Personal und basiert lediglich auf offensichtlichen, visuell erkennbaren Unterschieden zur Trennung Eine automatisierte, sensorgestützte Sortierung dieser Baustoffe könnte diese Praxis ergänzen oder ersetzen, um die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, die Recyclingraten, die Sortierqualität und die vorherrschenden Gesundheitsbedingungen zu verbessern.</abstract>
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    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
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    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
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    <title language="eng">Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy A Tool for Imaging the Chemical Composition of Concrete</title>
    <abstract language="deu">One of the most common causes of damage is the ingress of harmful ions into the concrete, which can lead to deterioration processes and affect structural performance. Therefore, the increasingly aging infrastructure is regularly inspected to assess durability. Regular chemical analysis can be useful to determine the extent and evolution of ion ingress and to intervene in a timely manner. This could prove more economical than extensive repairs for major damage, particularly for critical infrastructure. In addition to already established elemental analysis techniques in civil engineering such as potentiometric titration or X-ray fluorescence analysis, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can provide further important complementary information and benefits. The possibilities of LIBS are demonstrated using the example of a drill core taken from a parking garage.</abstract>
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    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>LIBS</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
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      <value>Cement</value>
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      <value>Chlorine</value>
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    <title language="eng">Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy – A Tool for Imaging the Chemical Composition of Concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">One of the most common causes of damage is the ingress of harmful ions into the concrete, which can lead to deterioration processes and affect structural performance. Therefore, the increasingly aging infrastructure is regularly inspected to assess durability. Regular chemical analysis can be useful to determine the extent and evolution of ion ingress and to intervene in a timely manner. This could prove more economical than extensive repairs for major damage, particularly for critical infrastructure. In addition to already established elemental analysis techniques in civil engineering such as potentiometric titration or X-ray fluorescence analysis, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can provide further important complementary information and benefits. The possibilities of LIBS are demonstrated using the example of a drill core taken from a parking garage.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ICCRRR 2022 Book of extended abstracts</parentTitle>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">6th International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting</enrichment>
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    <author>Gerd Wilsch</author>
    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
    <author>Tim Klewe</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chlorine</value>
    </subject>
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  <doc>
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    <title language="eng">Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy to investigate the chemical composition of concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a spectroscopic method for detecting the chemical composition of optically accessible surfaces. In principle, the measurement of all elements of the periodic table is possible. System calibrations allow the quantification of element concentrations. In combination with scanner systems, the two-dimensional element distribution can be determined. Even rough surfaces can be measured by online adjustment of the laser focus. To detect element ingress into the concrete, typically cores are taken, cut in half, and LIBS measurements are performed on the cross-section. The high spatial resolution as well as the simultaneous multi-element analysis enables a separate evaluation of the binder-matrix and aggregates. Therefore, the element concentrations can be determined directly related to the cement paste. LIBS measurements are applicable in the laboratory, on-site and also over a distance of several meters.&#13;
&#13;
Common applications include the investigation of material deterioration due to the ingress of harmful ions and their interaction in porous building materials. LIBS is able to provide precise input parameters for simulation and modelling of the remaining lifetime of a structure. Besides the identification of materials, also their composition can be determined on hardened concrete, such as the type of cement or type of aggregate. This also involves the identification of  environmentally hazardous elements contained in concrete. Another possible application is the detection of the composition of material flows during dismantling. Non-contact NDT for “difficult to assess” structures as an example application through safety glass or in combination with robotics and automation are also possible. &#13;
&#13;
This work presents the state of the art concerning LIBS investigations on concrete by showing exemplary laboratory and on-site applications.</abstract>
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    <author>Gerd Wilsch</author>
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      <value>LIBS</value>
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  </doc>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>351</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>359</pageLast>
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    <title language="eng">Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to investigate the chemical composition of concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a spectroscopic method for the analysis of the chemical composition of sample materials. Generally, the measurement of all elements of the periodic table is possible. In particular, light elements such as H, Li, Be, S, C, O, N and halogens can be measured. Calibration with matrix-matching standards allows the quantification of element concentrations. In combination with scanner systems, the two-dimensional element distribution can be determined. Even rough surfaces can be measured by online adjustment of the laser focus. LIBS can also be used on-site with mobile systems. Hand-held systems are available for point measurements.&#13;
Common applications include the investigation of material deterioration due to the ingress of harmful ions and their interaction in porous building materials. Due to the high spatial resolution of LIBS and the consideration of the heterogeneity of concrete, the determination of precise input parameters for simulation and modelling of the remaining lifetime of a structure is possible. In addition to the identification of materials, it is also possible to assess the composition for example of hardened concrete, which involves the cement or aggregate type used. Other important fields of application are the detection of environmentally hazardous elements or the material classification for sorting heterogeneous material waste streams during dismantling. Non-contact NDT for “difficult to assess” structures as an example application through safety glass or in combination with robotics and automation are also possible. &#13;
In this work, an overview of LIBS investigations on concrete is given based on exemplary laboratory and on-site applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-destructive Evaluation of Concrete in Nuclear Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.aalto.fi/en/nde-nuccon-2023</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.01.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Gerd Wilsch</author>
    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
    <author>Tim Klewe</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical analysis</value>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <title language="deu">Methodenentwicklung der sensorgestützten Sortierung von Bau- und Abbruchabfällen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Beim Recycling von Bau- und Abbruchabfällen werden bisher bevorzugt einfache, aber bewährte Techniken eingesetzt, um große Mengen an Bauschutt in kurzer Zeit zu verarbeiten. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu den immer komplexer werdenden Verbundwerkstoffen und Strukturen in der Mineralbaustoffindustrie. Die manuelle Sortierung birgt viele Risiken und Gefahren für das ausführende Personal und basiert lediglich auf offensichtlichen, visuell erkennbaren Unterschieden zur Trennung. Eine automatisierte, sensorgestützte Sortierung dieser Baustoffe könnte diese Praxis ergänzen oder ersetzen, um die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, die Recyclingquoten, die Sortierqualität und die gesundheitlichen Bedingungen zu verbessern.&#13;
Ein gemeinsames Projekt von Partnern aus Industrie und Forschungseinrichtungen nähert sich dieser Aufgabe, indem es die Kombination von Laser-induzierter Breakdown-Spektroskopie (LIBS) und VIS/NIR-Spektroskopie untersucht und testet. Durch die gemeinsame Verarbeitung der Informationen soll die Sortierqualität verschiedener Materialien wie Beton, Hauptmauerwerksbaustoffe, organische Bestandteile usw. deutlich verbessert werden. Darüber hinaus könnten Verunreinigungen wie SO3-haltige Baustoffe (Gips, Porenbeton usw.) erkannt und getrennt werden.&#13;
Wir stellen aktuelle Fortschritte und Ergebnisse der Entwicklung eines Prüfstands vor, der LIBS mit NIR-Spektroskopie und visueller Bildgebung kombiniert. In Zukunft wird dieser Laborprototyp als vollautomatischer Messaufbau dienen, um eine Echtzeitklassifizierung von Bau- und Abbruchabfällen auf einem Förderband zu ermöglichen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Kolloquium der Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaft zu Berlin E.V. - Die Ernergiewende 2.0, im Fokus: Die Stffwirtschaft</enrichment>
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    <author>Tim Klewe</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Circular economy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Construction and demolition waste</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NIR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Material classification</value>
    </subject>
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    <title language="eng">Investigation of Capillary Water Absorption of Clinker-Reduced Binders by NMR Relaxometry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To evaluate the durability of new alternative cement compositions, it is important to examine the internal transport of moisture through these materials. For this purpose, mortars were prepared from different types of cement and capillary suction experiments were carried out. The moisture transport was studied with an NMR tomograph and compared with weight easurements. With the tomograph, the total moisture input could be determined, as well as the moisture content within the samples non-destructively and spatially resolved. This allows precise observation of the moisture fronts. The tomograph was also used to determine the capillary transport&#13;
coefficient.</abstract>
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    <author>Thilo Bintz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NMR relaxometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capillary suction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capillary transport coefficient</value>
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    <title language="eng">Investigation of Capillary Water Absorption of Clinker-Reduced Binders by NMR Relaxometry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To evaluate the durability of new alternative cement compositions, it is important to examine the internal transport of moisture through these materials. For this purpose, mortars were prepared from different types of cement and capillary suction experiments were carried out. The moisture transport was studied with an NMR tomograph and compared with weight measurements. With the tomograph, the total moisture input could be determined, as well as the moisture content within the samples non-destructively and spatially resolved. This allows precise observation of the moisture fronts. The tomograph was also used to determine the capillary transport coefficient.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 14th ISEMA conference</parentTitle>
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    <author>Thilo Bintz</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NMR relaxometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capillary suction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capillary transport coefficient</value>
    </subject>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59481</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>38</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>51</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>51</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Advanced Study Center</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>St. Petersburg</publisherPlace>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">On the crack evolutional in human dentin under uniaxial compression imaged by high resolution tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">An observation of the fracture process in front of the crack tip inside a dentin sample by means of ex-situ X-ray computed tomography after uniaxial compression at different deformation values was carried out in this work. This ex-situ approach allowed the microstructure and fracturing process of human dentin to be observed during loading. No cracks are observed up to the middle part of the irreversible deformation in the samples at least visible at 0.4μm resolution. First cracks appeared before the mechanical stress reached the compression strength. The growth of the cracks is realized by connecting the main cracks with satellite cracks that lie ahead of the main crack tip and parallel its trajectory. When under the stress load the deformation in the sample exceeds the deformation at the compression strength of dentin, an appearance of micro-cracks in front of the main cracks is observed. The micro-cracks are inclined (~60°) to the trajectory of the main cracks. The further growth of the main cracks is not realized due to the junction with the micro-cracks; we assume that the micro-cracks dissipate the energy of the main crack and suppressed its growth. These micro-cracks serve as additional stress accommodations, therefore the samples do not break apart after the compression test, as it is usually observed under bending and tension tests.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials physics and mechanics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1605-8119</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.18149/MPM.5152023_5</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594810</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>D. Zaytsev</author>
    <author>Alexander Funk</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dentin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crack evolution</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Compression strength</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ex-situ X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59481/10_18149_MPM_5152023_5.pdf</file>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1233</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1250</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>2</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">14 examples of how LLMs can transform materials science and chemistry: a reflection on a large language model hackathon</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Large-language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 caught the interest of many scientists. Recent studies suggested that these models could be useful in chemistry and materials science. To explore these possibilities, we organized a hackathon. This article chronicles the projects built as part of this hackathon. Participants employed LLMs for various applications, including predicting properties of molecules and materials, designing novel interfaces for tools, extracting knowledge from unstructured data, and developing new educational applications. The diverse topics and the fact that working prototypes could be generated in less than two days highlight that LLMs will profoundly impact the future of our fields. The rich collection of ideas and projects also indicates that the applications of LLMs are not limited to materials science and chemistry but offer potential benefits to a wide range of scientific disciplines.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Digital Discovery</parentTitle>
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    <author>Kevin Maik Jablonka</author>
    <author>Qianxiang Ai</author>
    <author>Alexander Al-Feghali</author>
    <author>Shruti Badhwar</author>
    <author>Joshua D. Bocarsly</author>
    <author>Andres M. Bran</author>
    <author>Stefan Bringuier</author>
    <author>L. Catherine Brinson</author>
    <author>Kamal Choudhary</author>
    <author>Defne Circi</author>
    <author>Sam Cox</author>
    <author>Wibe A. de Jong</author>
    <author>Matthew L. Evans</author>
    <author>Nicolas Gastellu</author>
    <author>Jerome Genzling</author>
    <author>María Victoria Gil</author>
    <author>Ankur K. Gupta</author>
    <author>Zhi Hong</author>
    <author>Alishba Imran</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>Anne Labarre</author>
    <author>Jakub Lála</author>
    <author>Tao Liu</author>
    <author>Steven Ma</author>
    <author>Sauradeep Majumdar</author>
    <author>Garrett W. Merz</author>
    <author>Nicolas Moitessier</author>
    <author>Elias Moubarak</author>
    <author>Beatriz Mouriño</author>
    <author>Brenden Pelkie</author>
    <author>Michael Pieler</author>
    <author>Mayk Caldas Ramos</author>
    <author>Bojana Ranković</author>
    <author>Samuel G. Rodriques</author>
    <author>Jacob N. Sanders</author>
    <author>Philippe Schwaller</author>
    <author>Marcus Schwarting</author>
    <author>Jiale Shi</author>
    <author>Berend Smit</author>
    <author>Ben E. Smith</author>
    <author>Joren Van Herck</author>
    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
    <author>Logan Ward</author>
    <author>Sean Warren</author>
    <author>Benjamin Weiser</author>
    <author>Sylvester Zhang</author>
    <author>Xiaoqi Zhang</author>
    <author>Ghezal Ahmad Jan Zia</author>
    <author>Aristana Scourtas</author>
    <author>K. J. Schmidt</author>
    <author>Ian Foster</author>
    <author>Andrew D. White</author>
    <author>Ben Blaiszik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Large Language model</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hackathon</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prediction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inverse Design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Orchestration</value>
    </subject>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>50</volume>
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    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Concreting a sustainable future: A dataset of alkali-activated concrete and its properties</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This data article introduces a dataset comprising 1630 alkali-activated concrete (AAC) mixes, compiled from 106 literature sources. The dataset underwent extensive curation to address feature redundancy, transcription errors, and duplicate data, yielding refined data ready for further data-driven science in the field of AAC, where this effort constitutes a novelty. The carbon footprint associated with each material used in the AAC mixes, as well as the corresponding CO2 footprint of every mix, were approximated using two published articles. Serving as a foundation for future expansions and rigorous data applications, this dataset enables the characterization of AAC properties through machine learning algorithms or as a benchmark for performance comparison among different formulations. In summary, the dataset provides a resource for researchers focusing on AAC and related materials and offers insights into the environmental benefits of substituting traditional Portland concrete with AAC.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Presenting SLAMD – A Sequential Learning Based Software for the Inverse Design of Sustainable Cementitious Materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In recent decades, the number of components in concrete has grown, particularly in formulations aimed at reducing carbon footprints. Innovations include diverse binders, supplementary cementitious materials, activators, concrete admixtures, and recycled aggregates. These developments target not only the enhancement of material properties but also the mitigation of the ecological and economic impacts of concrete — the most extensively used material by humankind. However, these advancements also introduce a greater variability in the composition of raw materials. The material’s behavior is significantly influenced by its nanoscale properties, which can pose challenges in accurate characterization. Consequently, there’s an increasing need for experimental tuning of formulations. This is accompanied by a more inconsistent composition of raw materials, which makes an experimental tuning of formulations more and more necessary. However, the increased complexity in composition presents a challenge in finding the ideal formulation through trial and error. Inverse design (ID) techniques offer a solution to this challenge by allowing for a comprehensive search of the entire design space to create new and improved concrete formulations. In this publication, we introduce the concept of ID and demonstrate how our open-source app “SLAMD” provides all necessary steps of the workflow to adapt it in the laboratory, lowering the application barriers. The intelligent screening process, guided by a predictive model, leads to a more efficient and effective data-driven material design process resulting in reduced carbon footprint and improved material quality while considering socio-economic factors in the materials design.</abstract>
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    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
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    <title language="eng">LIBS‐ConSort: Development of a sensor‐based sorting method for construction and demolition waste</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractA joint project of partners from industry and research institutions approaches the challenge of construction and demolition waste (CDW) sorting by investigating and testing the combination of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and visual imaging. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3‐cotaining building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.)Focusing on Berlin as an example, the entire value chain will be analyzed to minimize economic / technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level and to sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates.The objective of this paper is to present current progress and results of the test stand development combining LIBS with NIR spectroscopy and visual imaging. In the future, this laboratory prototype will serve as a fully automated measurement setup to allow real‐time classification of CDW on a conveyor belt.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">LIBS-ConSort: Sensor-based sorting of construction and demolition waste</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling, the preference to date has been to apply simple but proven techniques to sort and process large quantities of construction rubble in a short time. This contrasts with the increasingly complex composite materials and structures in the mineral building materials industry. An automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace the practice of manual sorting to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions for the executing staff. &#13;
A joint project of partners from industry and research institutions approaches this task by investigating and testing the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and visual imaging. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of CDW, and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3-cotaining building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.) &#13;
We present current advances and results about the methodological development combining LIBS with NIR spectroscopy and visual imaging. Here, applying data fusion proves itself beneficial to improve recognition rates. In the future, a laboratory prototype will serve as a fully automated measurement setup to allow real-time classification of CDW on a conveyor belt.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.10.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Tim Klewe</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Circular economy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Material classification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>58437</id>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>418</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Data driven design of alkali-activated concrete using sequential learning</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This paper presents a novel approach for developing sustainable building materials through Sequential Learning. Data sets with a total of 1367 formulations of different types of alkali-activated building materials, including fly ash and blast furnace slag-based concrete and their respective compressive strength and CO2-footprint, were compiled from the literature to develop and evaluate this approach. Utilizing this data, a comprehensive computational study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed material design methodologies, simulating laboratory conditions reflective of real-world scenarios. The results indicate a significant reduction in development time and lower research costs enabled through predictions with machine learning. This work challenges common practices in data-driven materials development for building materials. Our results show, training data required for data-driven design may be much less than commonly suggested. Further, it is more important to establish a practical design framework than to choose more accurate models. This approach can be immediately implemented into practical applications and can be translated into significant advances in sustainable building materials development.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Cleaner Production</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965262302379X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138221</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0959-6526</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1879-1786</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-584376</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.09.2023</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
    <author>Benjami Moreno Torres</author>
    <author>Tehseen Rug</author>
    <author>Rafia Firdous</author>
    <author>Ghezal Ahmad Jan Zia</author>
    <author>Stefan Lüders</author>
    <author>Horacio Lisdero Scaffino</author>
    <author>Michael Höpler</author>
    <author>Felix Böhmer</author>
    <author>Matthias Pfaff</author>
    <author>Dietmar Stephan</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sustainable building materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sequential learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data-driven materials design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali-activated building materials</value>
    </subject>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/58437/data_driven_design.pdf</file>
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    <title language="eng">LIBS ConSort: Development of a sensor-based sorting method for constuction and demolition waste</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Closed material cycles and unmixed material fractions are required to achieve high recovery and recycling rates in the building industry. In construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling, the preference to date has been to apply simple but proven techniques to process large quantities of construction rubble in a short time. This is in contrast to the increasingly complex composite materials and structures in the mineral building materials industry. Manual sorting involves many risks and dangers for the executing staff and is merely based on obvious, visually detectable differences for separation. An automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace this practice to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions. A joint project of partners from industry and research institutions approaches this task by investigating and testing the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and visual imaging. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3-cotaining building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.) Focusing on Berlin as an example, the entire value chain will be analyzed to minimize economic / technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level and to sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates. We present current advances and results about the test stand development combining LIBS with NIR spectroscopy and visual imaging. In the future, this laboratory prototype will serve as a fully automated measurement setup to allow real-time classification of CDW on a conveyor belt.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">21. International Conference on Building Materials (Ibausil)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Weimar, Germany</enrichment>
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    <author>Tim Klewe</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Data fusion</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Circular economy</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>LIBS</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Recycling</value>
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  <doc>
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    <title language="eng">Effect of addition of thermoplastic self-healing agent on fracture toughness of epoxy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Self-healing agents have the potential to restore mechanical properties and extend service life of composite materials. Thermoplastic healing agents have been extensively investigated for this purpose in epoxy matrix composites due to their strong adhesion to epoxy and their ability to fill in microcracks. One of the most&#13;
investigated thermoplastic additives for this purpose is poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA). Despite the ability of thermoplastic healing agents to restore mechanical properties, it is important to assess how the addition of thermoplastic healing agents affect properties of the original epoxy material. In this work, EMAA was added to epoxy resin and the effect of the additive on fracture toughness of epoxy was evaluated. Results indicate that although added in low concentrations, EMAA can affect fracture toughness.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of 6th Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2316-1337</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.29327/566492</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-65-00-49386-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572707</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">6th Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Tiradentes, Minas Gerais, Brazil</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2022</enrichment>
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    <licence>Allgemeines Deutsches Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Ana Paula Cysne Barbosa</author>
    <author>Allana Azevedo do Nascimento</author>
    <author>Lina Pavasarytė</author>
    <author>Volker Trappe</author>
    <author>D. Melo</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Self-healing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermoplastic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fracture</value>
    </subject>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57270/Conference paper Ana Paula.pdf</file>
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    <title language="eng">EU-Project: Reincarnate Reducing Waste and CO2 Footprint of construction sector</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In our current research project „Reincarnate“ we aim to anchor the idea of the circular economy in the European construction industry and significantly extend the life cycle of buildings, construction products and materials through innovative solutions. On the long term, this is an approach reduce construction waste by 80 percent and the CO2 footprint of the construction sector by 70 percent."&#13;
&#13;
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme and will take you on a tour on what are the drivers, what is the goal, who are the partners and how we want to make the world a better place!</abstract>
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    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>circular economy</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>CO2 footprint</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Building industry</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Information modelling</value>
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    <title language="eng">Accelerating the search for sustainable concretes with AI</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With 8% of man-made CO2 emissions, cement production is an important driver of the climate crisis. By using alkali-activated binders, part of the energy-intensive clinker production process can be dispensed. However, as numerous raw materials are involved in the manufacturing process here, the complexity of the materials increases by orders of magnitude. Finding a properly balanced binder formulation is like looking for a needle in a haystack. We have shown for the first time that artificial intelligence (AI)-based optimization of alkali-activated binder formulations can significantly accelerate research. &#13;
The "Sequential Learning App for Materials Discovery" (SLAMD) aims to accelerate practice transfer. With SLAMD, materials scientists have low-threshold access to AI through interactive and intuitive user interfaces. The value added by AI can be determined directly. For example, the CO2 emissions saved per ton of cement can be determined for each development cycle: the more efficient the AI optimization, the greater the savings. &#13;
Our material database already includes more than 120,000 data points of alternative binders and is constantly being expanded with new parameters. We are currently driving the enrichment of the data with a life cycle analysis of the building materials. &#13;
Based on a case study we show how intuitive access to AI can drive the adoption of techniques that make a real contribution to the development of resource-efficient and sustainable building materials of the future and make it easy to identify when classical experiments are more efficient.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
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      <value>Machine Learning</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Materials Design</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Concrete</value>
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    <publisherName>GitHub</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">SLAMD-FIB-Case-Study</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With 8% of man-made CO2 emissions, cement production is an important driver of the climate crisis. By using alkali-activated binders part of the energy-intensive clinker production process can be dispensed with. However, because numerous chemicals are involved in the manufacturing process here, the complexity of the materials increases by orders of magnitude. Finding a properly balanced cement formulation is like looking for a needle in a haystack. We have shown for the first time that artificial intelligence (AI)-based optimization of cement formulations can significantly accelerate research. The „Sequential Learning App for Materials Discovery“ (SLAMD) aims to accelerate practice transfer. With SLAMD, materials scientists have low-threshold access to AI through interactive and intuitive user interfaces. The value added by AI can be determined directly. For example, the CO2 emissions saved per ton of cement can be determined for each development cycle: the more efficient the AI optimization, the greater the savings. Our material database already includes more than 120,000 data points of alternative cements and is constantly being expanded with new parameters. We are currently driving the enrichment of the data with a life cycle analysis of the building materials. Based on a case study we show how intuitive access to AI can drive the adoption of techniques that make a real contribution to the development of resource-efficient and sustainable building materials of the future and make it easy to identify when classical experiments are more efficient.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://github.com/BAMcvoelker/SLAMD-FIB-Case-Study#slamd-fib-case-study</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
    <author>Benjami Moreno Torres</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali activated concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
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    <id>56638</id>
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    <title language="eng">Discovering climate-friendly building materials with AI</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High greenhouse gas emissions from the production of building materials are a major contributor to the current climate crisis. However, developing alternative building materials is complex. Traditional laboratory methods are reaching their limits. Artificial intelligence, on the other hand, can give research a new dynamic. &#13;
Novel materials are usually developed manually in the laboratory rather than on a computer. This makes the processes time-consuming, difficult and expensive. With the app SLAMD (Sequential Learning App for Materials Discovery), materials researchers can explore the potential of artificial intelligence to speed up materials research and easily apply AI in the lab. The app was developed by our team at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) led by Prof. Sabine Kruschwitz together with a team in the Department of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry at TU Berlin led by Prof. Dietmar Stephan.&#13;
It uses material composition and characterization data to predict ideal material candidates. It can be used to optimize many material properties simultaneously and even incorporates database information such as carbon footprint, material cost or resource availability. Unlike the usual data-intensive AI methods, SLAMD optimally integrates existing knowledge and human feedback, and provides numerous decision support tools to precisely navigate complex scientific knowledge processes towards success. &#13;
In this talk, we will present some case studies where we were able to find suitable advanced materials in a few months instead of several years. We will talk about the challenges we overcame and the future potential we see for this approach to developing the green materials of the future.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Chemometrics meets Artificial Intelligence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.04.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machine Learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Materials Informatics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sequential Learning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali activated concrete</value>
    </subject>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Accelerating the search for sustainable concretes with AI</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With 8% of man-made CO2 emissions, cement production is an important driver of the climate crisis. By using alkali-activated binders, part of the energy-intensive clinker production process can be dispensed. However, as numerous raw materials are involved in the manufacturing process here, the complexity of the materials increases by orders of magnitude. Finding a properly balanced binder formulation is like looking for a needle in a haystack. We have shown for the first time that artificial intelligence (AI)-based optimization of alkali-activated binder formulations can significantly accelerate research. &#13;
The "Sequential Learning App for Materials Discovery" (SLAMD) aims to accelerate practice transfer. With SLAMD, materials scientists have low-threshold access to AI through interactive and intuitive user interfaces. The value added by AI can be determined directly. For example, the CO2 emissions saved per ton of cement can be determined for each development cycle: the more efficient the AI optimization, the greater the savings. &#13;
Our material database already includes more than 120,000 data points of alternative binders and is constantly being expanded with new parameters. We are currently driving the enrichment of the data with a life cycle analysis of the building materials. &#13;
Based on a case study we show how intuitive access to AI can drive the adoption of techniques that make a real contribution to the development of resource-efficient and sustainable building materials of the future and make it easy to identify when classical experiments are more efficient.</abstract>
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    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Materials informatics</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Materials design</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali activated concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Machine learning</value>
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    <title language="eng">Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy – A Tool for the Chemical Investigation of Concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">LIBS is a complementary method to XRF and can detect all elements without the need for vacuum conditions. Automated systems are already commercially available capable of scanning surfaces with a resolution of up to 0.1 mm within a few minutes. In addition to possible applications in R&amp;D, LIBS is also used for practical applications in building materials laboratories and even on-site.&#13;
In view of ageing infrastructure facilities, a reliable assessment of the condition of concrete structures is of increasing interest. For concrete structures, the ingress of potential harmful ions is affecting the serviceability and eventually structural performance. Pitting corrosion induced by penetrating chlorides is the dominant deterioration mechanism. Condition assessment based on frequently performed chloride profiling can be useful to identify the extent and evolution of chloride ingress. This could prove to be more economical than extensive repairs, especially for important infrastructure facilities.&#13;
Currently the most common procedure for determining the chloride content is wet chemical analysis with  standard resolution of 10 mm. The heterogeneity is not considered. LIBS is an economical alternative for determining the chloride content at depth intervals of 1 mm or less. It provides 2D distributions of multiple elements and can locate spots with higher concentrations. The results are directly correlated to the mass of binder and can also be performed on-site with a mobile LIBS-System. &#13;
The application of a LIBS-system is presented. Calibration is required for quantitative analysis. Concrete cores were drilled, sliced and analyzed to determine the 2D-distribution of harmful elements. By comparing the chloride ingress and the carbonation, the interaction of both processes can be visualized in a measurement that takes less than 10 minutes for a 50 mm x 100 mm drill core.&#13;
A leaflet on the use of LIBS for the chloride ingress assessment has been completed.</abstract>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Corrosion</value>
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      <value>Imaging</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Damage assessment</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>LIBS</value>
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    <title language="eng">Performance Prediction of Anchors in SFRC using Minimally Invasive and Non‐Destructive Techniques</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractFastenings are crucial for the upgrade of existing structures, by either enhancing structural components or modernising and expanding structures and structural systems. Whilst concrete is prevailing in the existing building stock, new types of concrete composites are increasingly used to improve the sustainability and overall structural performance of built assets. The addition of short dispersed fibres is a material technology with several applications. This paper addresses the synergy of fastening elements, introducing localised loads in concrete substrates, and of fibres, particularly in terms of the fibre orientation and density in the load application area, which is a significant quality aspect. The possibility to forecast this synergy based on non‐destructive or minimally invasive testing methods is an efficient tool to increase confidence in the design load‐bearing performance of the anchorages. Initially, previous literature and own investigations on such techniques are presented. Furthermore, a methodology is presented on associating such information to predict a single anchor's resistance on the basis of sophisticated non‐linear analyses and testing with engineered fibres alignments.</abstract>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nikolaos Mellios</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>Panagiotis Spyrdis</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Minimally-invasive evaluation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fastenings</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Anchorage to concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel fibre reinforced concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive evaluation NDE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing NDT</value>
    </subject>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60922/Mellios_et_al_2023_Eurostruct.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56167</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>34</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>IOP Publishing</publisherName>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evaluation of single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance technology for usage in geosciences</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Because of its mobility and ability to investigate exposed surfaces, single-sided (SiS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology enables new application fields in geosciences. To test and assess its corresponding potential, we compare longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) data measured by SiS NMR with those of conventional geoscientific laboratory NMR. We use reference sandstone samples covering a broad range of pore sizes. Our study demonstrates that the lower signal-to-noise ratio of SiS NMR data generally tends to slightly overestimated widths of relaxation time distributions and consequently pore size distributions. While SiS and conventional NMR produce very similar T1 relaxation data, unbiased SiS NMR results for T2 measurements can only be expected for fine material, i.e. clayey or silty sediments and soils with main relaxation times below 0.05s. This limit is given by the diffusion relaxation rate due to the gradient in the primary magnetic field associated with the SiS NMR. Above that limit, i.e. for coarse material, the relaxation data is strongly attenuated. If considering the diffusion relaxation time of 0.2 s in the numerical data inversion process, the information content &gt;0.2s is blurred over a range larger than that of conventional NMR. However, our results show that principle range and magnitudes of the relaxation time distributions are reconstructed to some extent. Regarding these findings, SiS NMR can be helpful to solve geoscientific issues, e.g. to assess the hydro-mechanical properties of the walls of underground facilities or to provide local soil moisture data sets for calibrating indirect remote techniques on the regional scale. The greatest opportunity provided by the SiS NMR technology is the acquisition of profile relaxation data for rocks with significant bedding structures at the µm scale. With this unique feature, SiS NMR can support the understanding and modeling of hydraulic and diffusional anisotropy behavior of sedimentary rocks.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Measurement Science and Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1088/1361-6501/ac9800</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0957-0233</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561676</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.11.2022</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>S. Costabel</author>
    <author>Thomas Hiller</author>
    <author>R. Dlugosch</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>M. Müller Petke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Single-sided NMR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosciences</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nuclear magnetic resonance</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56167/Costabel_2023_Meas._Sci._Technol._34_015112_final.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56100</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <title language="deu">EMPIR-Projekt NanoXSpot: Neue Normentwürfe für die Brennfleckmessung an Röntgenröhren im Makro-, Mikro- und Nanometerbereich für Hersteller und Anwender</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Rahmen des EMPIR-Projektes NanoXSpot (Nanometre X-ray Focal Spot Measurement) werden rückführbare Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Brennfleckgröße und -form von Röntgenröhren im Bereich von 100 nm bis 10 mm entwickelt, welche die Grundlage für die Erarbeitung mehrerer Normentwürfe bilden. Diese werden 2022 parallel bei ISO TC 135 (NDT) SC 5 (RT) und CEN TC 138 (NDT) WG 1 (RT) eingereicht. Entsprechende Normen werden auch bei ASTM vorgestellt. Die Norm EN 12543-4 (Kantenmethode) wird umgeschrieben für die Messung von Brennflecken von 1 μm – 10 mm durch Auswertung von Loch- oder Scheibenaufnahmen. Der im Rahmen des NanoXSpot-Projektes neu entwickelte NxS-Testkörper ist geeignet für den Bereich von 1 μm – 100 μm. Von 100 μm bis 10 mm können ASTM-Lochtestkörper verwendet werden, die bereits bei ASTM E 1165 beschrieben sind. Neu ist die Anwendung eines CT-Algorithmus zur Rekonstruktion der Brennflecke, um Lochblenden-basierte Brennfleckkameras, insbesondere im Bereich unter 100 μm, zu ersetzen. Ein neuer Normteil, EN 12543-6, wurde entworfen, um die Brennfleckmessung im Bereich 100 nm – 20 μm mit hoher Genauigkeit zu ermöglichen. Verschiedene Strichgruppen-Testkörper kommen hier zum Einsatz. Das sind die JIMAPrüfkörper, ein neuer Hochkontrast-Strichgruppentestkörper von YXLON (HiCo) und der neu entwickelte Testkörper NxS. Diese werden vorgestellt. Die Messprozedur für Röhrenhersteller wird auf einer numerischen Fit-Prozedur basieren, die über einen Ringversuch im Projekt validiert wurde. Beide Normen benötigen numerische Auswertealgorithmen zur korrekten Anwendung, die als kommerzielle Software und Public Domain – Software verfügbar gemacht werden. Es wird über die zu erwartenden Standardprozeduren und die erforderliche Hardware zur Anwendung der Normen informiert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kassel, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>U. Ewert</author>
    <author>Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch</author>
    <author>David Schumacher</author>
    <author>B. Bircher</author>
    <author>F. Meli</author>
    <author>A. Deresch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgenröhre</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brennfleckmessung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Normung</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56102</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
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    <publisherName/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">EMPIR-Projekt NanoXSpot: Neue Normentwürfe für die Brennfleckmessung an Röntgenröhren im Makro-, Mikro- und Nanometerbereich für Hersteller und Anwender</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Rahmen des EMPIR-Projektes NanoXSpot (Nanometre X-ray Focal Spot Measurement) werden rückführbare Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Brennfleckgröße und -form von Röntgenröhren im Bereich von 100 nm bis 10 mm entwickelt, welche die Grundlage für die Erarbeitung mehrerer Normentwürfe bilden. Diese werden 2022 parallel bei ISO TC 135 (NDT) SC 5 (RT) und CEN TC 138 (NDT) WG 1 (RT) eingereicht. Entsprechende Normen werden auch bei ASTM vorgestellt. Die Norm EN 12543-4 (Kantenmethode) wird umgeschrieben für die Messung von Brennflecken von 1 μm – 10 mm durch Auswertung von Loch- oder Scheibenaufnahmen. Der im Rahmen des NanoXSpot-Projektes neu entwickelte NxS-Testkörper ist geeignet für den Bereich von 1 μm – 100 μm. Von 100 μm bis 10 mm können ASTM-Lochtestkörper verwendet werden, die bereits bei ASTM E 1165 beschrieben sind. Neu ist die Anwendung eines CT-Algorithmus zur Rekonstruktion der Brennflecke, um Lochblenden-basierte Brennfleckkameras, insbesondere im Bereich unter 100 μm, zu ersetzen. Ein neuer Normteil, EN 12543-6, wurde entworfen, um die Brennfleckmessung im Bereich 100 nm – 20 μm mit hoher Genauigkeit zu ermöglichen.&#13;
Verschiedene Strichgruppen-Testkörper kommen hier zum Einsatz. Das sind die JIMAPrüfkörper, ein neuer Hochkontrast-Strichgruppentestkörper von YXLON (HiCo) und der neu entwickelte Testkörper NxS. Diese werden vorgestellt. Die Messprozedur für Röhrenhersteller wird auf einer numerischen Fit-Prozedur basieren, die über einen Ringversuch im Projekt validiert wurde. Beide Normen benötigen numerische Auswertealgorithmen zur korrekten Anwendung, die als kommerzielle Software und Public Domain – Software verfügbar gemacht werden. Es wird über die zu erwartenden Standardprozeduren und die erforderliche Hardware zur Anwendung der Normen informiert.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband der DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2022</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561029</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kassel, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/56100</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-ND - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>U. Ewert</author>
    <author>Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch</author>
    <author>David Schumacher</author>
    <author>B. Bircher</author>
    <author>F. Meli</author>
    <author>A. Deresch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgenröhre</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brennfleckmessung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Normung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56102/mi.2.b.2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56103</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
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    <publisherName/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">EMPIR-Projekt NanoXSpot: Ringversuch zur Untersuchung der neu entwickelten Methoden für die Brennfleckmessung an Röntgenröhren im Mikro- und Nanometerbereich</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Rahmen des EMPIR-Projektes NanoXSpot (Nanometre X-Ray Focal Spot Measurement) werden rückführbare Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Brennfleckgröße und -form von Röntgenröhren mit Submikrometerauflösung (100 nm – 20 μm) entwickelt, die die Grundlage für die Erarbeitung eines Standardentwurfes bilden. Der Standardentwurf wird bei CEN TC 138 (Non-destructive testing) WG 1 (Radiographic testing) eingereicht und mit ISO und ASTM harmonisiert. Zur Untersuchung der entwickelten Methoden (Brennfleck-CT, Fit-Prozedur für Strichgruppenkörper) und des im Projekt NanoXSpot neu entworfenen Testkörpers, NxS, wurde ein Ringversuch durchgeführt. Dabei wurde sowohl der angestrebte Überlappungsbereich mit EN 12543 Teil 5 (Messung der effektiven Brennfleckgröße von Mini- und Mikrofokus-Röntgenröhren) und ASTM E 2903 (Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes) für Brennflecke &gt;5 μm als auch Brennflecke &lt;5 μm untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt standen dabei Stabilität und Wiederholbarkeit der entwickelten Methoden zur Bestimmung der Brennfleckgröße. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse des durchgeführten Ringversuches vorgestellt und diskutiert, um Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für die Vorbereitung eines erweiterten Ringversuchs mit Partnern und Stakeholdern abzuleiten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband der DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2022</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561037</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Kassel, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">25.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>David Schumacher</author>
    <author>Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch</author>
    <author>U. Ewert</author>
    <author>B. Bircher</author>
    <author>F. Meli</author>
    <author>A. Sofiienko</author>
    <author>J. P. Steffen</author>
    <author>A. Deresch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brennfleckmessung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computer-Tomografie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EMPIR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Normung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56103/p10.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56184</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2</pageLast>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Schnelle Messung und tomographische Rekonstruktion von Brennflecken &lt; 5 μm durch Aufnahmen strukturierter Prüfkörper</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Europäischen EMPIR-Projekt „NanoXSpot“ (Measurement of the focal spot size of Xray tubes with spot sizes down to 100 nm) werden neue Messmethoden für Brennflecke von Röntgenröhren entwickelt. Teil des Projektes ist die Entwicklung eines zur Lochkameramethode äquivalenten Messverfahrens für kleine Brennflecke. ASTM E 1165-20, Annex A, beschreibt die Bestimmung von Brennfleckgrößen aus Kantenprofilen von Lochaufnahmen für Röntgenröhren mit Brennflecken &gt; 50 μm. Es wurde bereits vorgeschlagen über die Analyse der richtungsabhängigen Kantenunschärfe einer Lochblende und anschließender CT-Rekonstruktion die Intensitätsverteilung des Brennflecks äquivalent zur Lochkameraaufnahme zu berechnen. Die Lochkameramethode, wie in EN 12543-2 und ASTM E 1165-20 beschrieben, ist im unteren Größenbereich für Mikrofokusröhren nicht geeignet, da Pinholes &lt; 10 μm schwer zu fertigen sind und lange Belichtungszeiten erwartet werden. Mit Hilfe exakt gefertigter Lochblenden sowie strukturierter Targets mit&#13;
konvergierenden Strukturen wird der Bereich mit der Single-Shot-CT-Methode auf die Messung von Mikrofokusröhren, alternativ zur Vermessung von Kanten oder Strichgruppenkörpern, erweitert. Die rekonstruierten Brennfleckformen werden mit Kantenund Lochkameraaufnahmen quantitativ verglichen, um die Messgenauigkeit zu bewerten.&#13;
Außerdem werden CNR und Messzeit bestimmt, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Verfahren zu bewerten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband der DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021</parentTitle>
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    <author>U. Ewert</author>
    <author>Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch</author>
    <author>David Schumacher</author>
    <author>U. Zscherpel</author>
    <author>A. Deresch</author>
    <author>B. Bircher</author>
    <author>F. Meli</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgenröhre</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brennfleckmessung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prüfkörper</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rekonstruktion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56184/P15.pdf</file>
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  <doc>
    <id>61664</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Lessons learnt on quantiative spatial chloride analysis using libs and µXRF</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Understanding chloride ingress is crucial in the context of the durability of concrete structures against corrosion. Techniques such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Micro X‑ray Fluorescence (µXRF) can provide a 2D representation of chloride ingress. However, obtaining quantitative data from such techniques is not a trivial task. In this study, we focus on factors such as sample preparation, measurement settings, calibration strategy, and post-processing of results which directly affect the outcome of the experiments but are rarely discussed in the literature.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the RILEM Annual Week 2024</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Rilem Annual Week  2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Toulouse, Frankreich</enrichment>
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    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
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    <author>Andreas Bogner</author>
    <author>Ravi Patel</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Durability</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Chloride ingress</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Nondestructive testing</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Imaging</value>
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    <title language="deu">Verbesserung der Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bauwesen durch Bauwerksdiagnose: Ein Einblick in das Projekt REINCARNATE</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Das EU-finanzierte Projekt REINCARNATE, im Rahmen des Horizont Europa Programms, setzt neue Maßstäbe in der Kreislaufwirtschaft des Bauwesens durch den Einsatz fortschrittlicher Bauwerksdiagnose-Tools. Diese Werkzeuge, insbesondere die Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (ZfP), spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Förderung der Zirkularität in der Baubranche. Die ZfP ermöglicht es, die Qualität und Eignung von Baumaterialien präzise zu bestimmen, ohne diese zu beschädigen. Dies ist entscheidend für die Wiederverwendung und das Recycling von Baustoffen und trägt wesentlich zur Reduzierung des Bauabfalls bei. Durch die Integration dieser Technologie in die Planungs- und Entwurfsphase können Architekten und Ingenieure aktiv einen nachhaltigeren Bauprozess fördern. REINCARNATE verbindet diese Diagnosemethoden mit digitalen Innovationen wie der Technologie des digitalen Zwillings und KI-gesteuerten Lösungen. Diese Kombination ermöglicht eine noch genauere und effizientere Bewertung und Nutzung von Baustoffen, was die Wiederverwendbarkeit und das Recycling verbessert. Im Rahmen des Projekts werden elf Demonstrationsprojekte in ganz Europa umgesetzt, die die praktische Anwendung dieser Technologien zeigen. Diese Projekte demonstrieren, wie ZfP und digitale Werkzeuge zusammenwirken, um Materialien, die traditionell als Abfall angesehen werden, in wertvolle Ressourcen umzuwandeln. Das Ziel von REINCARNATE ist eine 80-prozentige Verringerung der Bauabfälle und eine 70-prozentige Reduzierung des CO2-Fußabdrucks. Mit diesem Beitrag demonstrieren wir eine klare, umsetzbare Anleitung für die Bauindustrie, wie Innovationen in die Praxis umgesetzt werden können. Wir präsentieren greifbare Strategien zur Implementierung nachhaltiger, zirkulärer Praktiken im Bauwesen und markiert einen Wendepunkt in Richtung einer nachhaltigeren Bauindustrie.</abstract>
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    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
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      <value>Concrete</value>
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      <value>Recycling</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>BIM</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>AI</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>NDT</value>
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    <title language="eng">Reincarnate: Shaping a sustainable future in construction through digital innovation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We introduce the REINCARNATE project, funded by the European Union's Horizon Europe program, to boost circularity by merging digital innovations with practical applications and a focus on material reuse. The heart of REINCARNATE is the Circular Potential Information Model (CP-IM), a digital platform designed to assess and enhance the recyclability of construction materials, construction products, and buildings. The CP-IM integrates advanced technologies such as digital twins, AI, and robotics to revolutionize the handling of construction waste, turning it into valuable resources and cutting the environmental footprint of the sector. Among its features are digital tracing, material durability predictions, and CO2 reduction materials design. These are showcased in eleven European demonstration projects, highlighting the practical benefits of these technologies in reducing construction waste and CO2 emissions by up to 80% and 70% respectively. REINCARNATE aims to marry innovation with real-world application, providing the construction industry with strategies for sustainable and circular practices.</abstract>
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    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
    <author>Ghezal Ahmad Jan Zia</author>
    <author>Benjami Moreno Torres</author>
    <author>Timo Hartmann</author>
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      <value>Construction sustainability</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Digital construction</value>
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    <volume>189</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Estimation of cement content in concrete by spatially resolved laser induced breakdown spectroscopy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The cement content in concrete significantly influences critical properties such as durability, permeability, strength, and workability. Traditional methods for estimating the cement content face limitations. These include the need for comprehensive chemical and solubility knowledge, extensive sample preparation, and their time-consuming and destructive nature. This study investigates the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as an alternative method. It involves probing concrete samples with high spatial resolution and analyzing the resultant spectra. The methodology is first tested on mesoscale concrete models to assess limitations and inherent errors. Subsequently, the methodology is applied to actual concrete samples with varying cement content and aggregate size distributions. The results demonstrate a promising accuracy, with an average relative error of approximately 8%. This paper offers a comprehensive evaluation of the method's advantages, limitations, and factors influencing its practical applicability in field conditions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Cement and Concrete Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107714</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-620112</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-3948</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.01.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
    <author>Friedrich Mensing</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spectroscopy</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Cement content</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elemental mapping</value>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/62011/1-s2.0-S0008884624002953-main.pdf</file>
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    <title language="eng">Estimation of cement content in concrete by spatially resolved laser induced breakdown spectroscopy – Dataset</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This dataset includes both simulated and raw measurement data as detailed in the journal paper [1]. File names follow the format SampleNo_Type, where SampleNo corresponds to the sample identifier listed in Table 1, and Type specifies the data type: either syn (synthetic) or exp (experimental). For experimental data, a slice index is appended to the file name in the format SampleNo_Type_Slice, identifying the specific subsample.&#13;
[1] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107714</abstract>
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    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
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      <value>Cement content</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Journal of Infrastructure Systems: Thirty Years and an Opportunity to Refocus</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The editorial reflects on the 30-year journey of the Journal of Infrastructure Systems, highlighting its evolution, interdisciplinary mission, and contributions to the field of civil infrastructure. It traces the journal's history, including the introduction of new paper formats, awards, and its commitment to engaging early-career professionals. Looking forward, the journal emphasizes its focus on complex, system-level challenges, encouraging submissions that integrate engineering with data-driven, cross-disciplinary approaches, particularly in areas like smart infrastructure, climate resilience, and sustainability. The editorial concludes with gratitude to contributors and a call for continued collaboration to advance the understanding and management of infrastructure systems.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Infrastructure Systems</parentTitle>
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    <author>Sue McNeil</author>
    <author>Bryan Adey</author>
    <author>Panagiotis Ch. Anastasopoulos</author>
    <author>James C. Chu</author>
    <author>Sybil Derrible</author>
    <author>Pablo Durango-Cohen</author>
    <author>Royce Francis</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>Samuel Labi</author>
    <author>Joshua Li</author>
    <author>Lance Manuel</author>
    <author>Rui Cunha Marques</author>
    <author>Allison Reilly</author>
    <author>Solomon Tesfamariam</author>
    <author>Kristen L. Sanford</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Maintenance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Infrastructure systen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transportation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Climate resilience</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Refurbishment</value>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
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    <title language="eng">Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Concrete Analysis: Applications and Practical Benefits</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Reinforced concrete structures are exposed not only to mechanical loads but also to chemical degradation, which can significantly impact their longevity and performance. Effective assessment and maintenance require a detailed understanding of the ingress of harmful species, such as chlorides or sulfates. Traditional analysis methods, like wet chemical analysis of drill dust or ground core samples, often require homogenization leading to the loss of crucial spatial information in sub-millimeter regions such as localized high concentrations of elements, e.g. in cracks.&#13;
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a cutting-edge solution, providing rapid, multi-element analysis with high spatial resolution from micrometer to millimeter scales. LIBS is capable of detecting both light and heavy elements, making it a powerful tool for detailed concrete analysis. Despite its clear advantages, LIBS is not commonly used in civil engineering.&#13;
This presentation will showcase practical examples demonstrating the effectiveness and advantages of LIBS in concrete analysis, highlighting real-world applications provided by members of the “LIBS” subcommittee of the technical committee “Civil-Engineering” of the German Society for Non-Destructive Testing (DGZfP). Key examples will be discussed, including measurements from car parks or bridges, alongside an introduction to the newly released DGZfP leaflet B14 providing guidelines for the quantitative determination of chlorine content in concrete by LIBS. Furthermore, prospective applications of LIBS including material identification and classification for concrete recycling, and other emerging uses in civil engineering, will also be presented, showcasing the versatility and future potential of this technology.</abstract>
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    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
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      <value>LIBS</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Spectroscopy</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Concrete</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Beyond Theory: Pioneering AI-Driven Materials Design in the Sustainable Building Material Lab</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This work focuses on Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven materials design, addressing the challenge of improving the sustainability of building materials amid complex formulations. These formulations involve various components, such as binders, additives, and recycled aggregates, necessitating a balance between environmental impact and performance. Traditional experimental methods often fall short in managing the complexity of material composition, hindering fast enough development of optimal solutions. Our research explores complex composition materials design through a comprehensive, comparative lab study between Data-Driven Design, using SLAMD - an open-source AI materials design tool, and traditional Design of Experiments (DOE). We aimed to develop a high-performance, alkali-activated material using secondary precursors, aiming for a compressive strength exceeding 100 MPa after 7-days. The findings reveal that AI-driven design outperforms DOE in development speed and material quality, successfully identif.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the RILEM Spring Convention and Conference 2024</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2211-0852</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-03170281-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-031-70281-5_31</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">4 RILEM Spring Convention and Conference on  advanced construction materials and processes for a carbon neutral  society 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Milano, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.04.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
    <author>Elisabeth John</author>
    <author>Rafia Firdous</author>
    <author>Tamino Hirsch</author>
    <author>Daria Kaczmarek</author>
    <author>Kevin Ziesack</author>
    <author>Anja Buchwald</author>
    <author>Dietmar Stephan</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Secondary Raw Materials</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Design of Experiments</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Alkali-Activated Binder</value>
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    <title language="eng">An Adaptive Upscaling Approach for Assessing Materials’ Circularity Potential with Non-destructive Testing (NDT)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Advancing towards a circular economy necessitates the efficient reuse and maintenance of structural materials, which relies on accurate, non-damaging condition assessments. This paper introduces an innovative AI-driven adaptive sampling (AS) technique integrated with Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) to optimize this process. AS focuses on critical data points, reducing the amount of data needed for precise assessments—evidenced by our method requiring on average only 7 samples for Logistic Regression and 8 for Random Forest, contrasted with 29 for traditional sampling.&#13;
By reducing the necessity for extensive data collection, our method not only streamlines the assessment process but also significantly contributes to the sustainability goals of the circular economy. These goals include resource efficiency, waste reduction, and material reuse. Efficient condition assessments promote infrastructure longevity, reducing the need for new materials and the associated environmental impact.&#13;
The circular economy aims to create a sustainable system where resources are reused, and waste is minimized. This is achieved by extending the lifecycle of materials, reducing the environmental footprint, and promoting recycling and reuse. Longevity directly contributes to the circular economy by maximizing the utility and lifespan of existing materials and structures. Longer-lasting infrastructure means fewer resources are needed for repairs or replacements, leading to reduced material consumption and waste generation. This aligns with the circular economy's principles of sustainability and resource efficiency. This research not only advances the field of structural health monitoring but also aligns with the broader objective of enhancing sustainable construction practices within the circular economy framework.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the RILEM Spring Convention and Conference 2024</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2211-0844</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-031-70277-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-031-70277-8_38</identifier>
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    <author>Ghezal Ahmad Jan Zia</author>
    <author>Christoph Völker</author>
    <author>Benjami Moreno Torres</author>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adaptive Sampling</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Random Sampling</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Machine Learning</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Non-Destructive Testing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Condition Assessment</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Circular Economy</value>
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    <title language="eng">REINCARNATE: Shaping a Sustainable Future in Construction Through Digital Innovation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We introduce the REINCARNATE project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe program, to boost circularity by merging digital innovations with practical applications and a focus on material reuse. The heart of REINCARNATE is the Circular Potential Information Model (CP-IM), a digital platform designed to assess and enhance the recyclability of construction materials, construction products, and buildings. The CP-IM integrates advanced technologies such as digital twins, AI, and robotics to revolutionize the handling of construction waste, turning it into valuable resources and cutting the environmental footprint of the sector. Among its features are digital tracing, material durability predictions, and CO2 reduction materials design. These are showcased in eleven European demonstration projects, highlighting the practical benefits of these technologies in reducing construction waste and CO2 emissions by up to 80% and 70%  respectively. REINCARNATE aims to marry innovation with real-world application, providing the construction industry with strategies for sustainable and circular practices.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the RILEM Spring Convention and Conference 2024</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2211-0844</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-031-70280-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-031-70281-5_32</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2211-0852</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-03170281-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-031-70283-9</identifier>
    <note>Serientitel: RILEM Bookseries – Series title: RILEM Bookseries</note>
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    <author>Timo Hartmann</author>
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      <value>Recycled materials</value>
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