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    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>140593</pageFirst>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>805</volume>
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    <title language="eng">The effect of dwell times on the thermomechanical fatigue life performance of grade P92 steel at intermediate and low strain amplitudes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Results of an extended TMF test program on grade P92 steel in the temperature range of 620 °C - 300 °C, comprising in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) tests, partly performed with symmetric dwells at Tmax/Tmin, are presented. In contrast to previous studies, the low-strain regime is also illuminated, which approaches flexible operation in a power plant with start/stop cycles. At all strain amplitudes, the material performance is characterized by continuous cyclic softening, which is retarded in tests at lower strains but reaches similar magnitudes in the course of testing. In the investigated temperature range, the phase angle does not affect fatigue life in continuous experiments, whereas the IP condition is more detrimental in tests with dwells. Fractographic analyses indicate creep-dominated and fatigue-dominated damage for IP and OP, respectively. Analyses of the (micro)hardness distribution in the tested specimens suggest an enhanced microstructural softening in tests with dwell times for the low- but not for the high-strain regime. To rationalize the obtained fatigue data, the fracture-mechanics-based D_TMF concept, which was developed for TMF life assessment of ductile alloys, was applied. It is found that the D_TMF parameter correlates well with the measured fatigue lives, suggesting that subcritical growth of cracks (with sizes from a few microns to a few millimeters) governs failure in the investigated range of strain amplitudes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Science and Engineering: A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.msea.2020.140593</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.07.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Maria Jürgens</author>
    <author>Nadja Sonntag</author>
    <author>Jürgen Olbricht</author>
    <author>Bernard Fedelich</author>
    <author>Birgit Skrotzki</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>9-12%Cr steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermomechanical fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Symmetric dwell periods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low strain</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Parametric modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.5 Materialmodellierung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>60934</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3737</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3749</pageLast>
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    <issue/>
    <volume>32</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Fatigue and fracture in dual-material specimens of nickel-based alloys fabricated by hybrid additive manufacturing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The integration of additive manufacturing with traditional processes, termed hybrid additive manufacturing, has expanded its application domain, particularly in the repair of gas turbine blade tips. However, process-related defects in additively manufactured materials, interface formation, and material property mismatches in dual-material structures can significantly impact the fatigue performance of components. This investigation examines the low cycle fatigue and fatigue crack growth behaviors in dual-material specimens of nickel-based alloys, specifically the additively manufactured STAL15 and the cast alloy 247DS, at elevated temperatures. Low cycle fatigue experiments were conducted at temperatures of 950 °C and 1000 °C under a range of strain levels (0.3%–0.8%) and fatigue crack growth tests were conducted at 950 °C with stress ratios of 0.1 and −1. Fractographic and microscopic analyses were performed to comprehend fatigue crack initiation and crack growth mechanisms in the dual-material structure. The results consistently indicated crack initiation and fatigue fracture in the additively manufactured STAL15 material. Notably, fatigue crack growth retardation was observed near the interface when the crack extended from the additively manufactured STAL15 material to the perpendicularly positioned interface. This study highlights the importance of considering yield strength mismatch, as well as the potential effects of residual stresses and grain structure differences, in the interpretation of fatigue crack growth behavior at the interface.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Research and Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.211</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2238-7854</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609340</identifier>
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    <author>Ashok Bhadeliya</author>
    <author>Birgit Rehmer</author>
    <author>Bernard Fedelich</author>
    <author>T. Jokisch</author>
    <author>Birgit Skrotzki</author>
    <author>Jürgen Olbricht</author>
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      <value>Dual-material nickel-based alloys</value>
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      <value>High-temperature fatigue crack growth</value>
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      <value>Low cycle fatigue</value>
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    <title language="eng">Fatigue crack growth behavior of Alloy 247DS brazed joints at high temperatures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Gas turbine components made of nickel-based alloys can be repaired through diffusion brazing. However, process-induced imperfections, defects within the brazing zone, and material property mismatches between the braze alloy and base material may facilitate crack initiation and propagation, ultimately leading to early component failure. To gain insight into the crack growth mechanism and quantitatively characterize fatigue crack growth behavior within brazing zones, fatigue crack growth (FCG) experiments were conducted on brazed joint specimens of nickel-based alloy Alloy 247DS at a temperature of 950 ◦C and a stress ratio R = 0.1. The FCG tests were complemented by fractographic and microstructural analyses, to elucidate the relationship between crack growth mechanisms and the microstructure of the brazed joint. The results demonstrate stable crack propagation within the brazing zone and the nickel-based braze alloy. The latter contains brittle eutectic boride phases and intermetallic phases that reduce the resistance to crack propagation compared to the parent material. This study demonstrates the applicability of standard FCG experimental procedures to fusion zones, thereby enabling a preliminary understanding of crack growth behavior in brazing zones.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Fatigue crack growth in nickel-based alloy 247DS with side-brazed pre-sintered preform</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Pre-sintered preform (PSP) brazing is employed in the repair of gas turbine components made of nickel-based alloys, including restoring the surface and dimensions of turbine blades and vanes. This study investigates the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of Alloy 247DS specimens with side-brazed PSP material, mimicking a typical sandwich structure formed during such repairs. FCG tests were conducted at an elevated temperature of 950 °C and a stress ratio (R) of 0.1 on specimens with PSP layer thicknesses of 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4.5 mm to assess the influence of PSP thickness on fatigue crack growth behavior. Fractographic and metallographic analyses were performed to elucidate the underlying crack growth mechanisms and the microstructural characteristics of both materials. The results revealed that a crack consistently initiated in the PSP material, originating from the starter notch, particularly at the specimen corner during the pre-cracking phase. Additionally, crack propagation in the PSP material consistently advanced ahead of the crack in the Alloy 247DS. This crack growth behavior is attributed to the difference in elastic properties and microstructural differences between the PSP and base material. Metallographic analysis revealed the presence of porosity and brittle precipitates within the PSP material, which led to faster intergranular crack growth. Conversely, Alloy 247DS exhibited transgranular crack growth, contributing to the observed crack propagation behavior. This study demonstrates the applicability of standard FCG testing methods and an approach to characterize the FCG behavior in sandwich specimens, where crack growth occurs simultaneously in both materials, providing a preliminary understanding of crack growth behavior in Alloy 247DS with side-brazed PSP.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Fatigue</parentTitle>
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    <author>Ashok Bhadeliya</author>
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    <author>Birgit Skrotzki</author>
    <author>Torsten Jokisch</author>
    <author>Jürgen Olbricht</author>
    <author>Bernard Fedelich</author>
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      <value>High-temperature fatigue crack growth (FCG)</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Nickel-based alloys</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Pre-Sintered Preform (PSP)</value>
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    <title language="deu">Einfluss von Haltezeiten auf die TMF-Lebensdauer von P92 bei mittleren und geringen Dehnungsamplituden</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Results of an extended TMF test program on grade P92 steel in the temperature range of 620 ◦C–300 ◦C, comprising in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) tests, partly performed with symmetric dwells at Tmax/Tmin, are presented. In contrast to previous studies, the low-strain regime is also illuminated, which approaches flexible operation in a power plant with start/stop cycles. At all strain amplitudes, the material performance is characterized by continuous cyclic softening, which is retarded in tests at lower strains but reaches similar magnitudes in the course of testing. In the investigated temperature range, the phase angle does not affect fatigue life in continuous experiments, whereas the IP condition is more detrimental in tests with dwells. Fractographic analyses indicate creep-dominated and fatigue-dominated damage for IP and OP, respectively. Analyses of the (micro)hardness distribution in the tested specimens suggest an enhanced microstructural softening in tests with dwell times for the low- but not for the high-strain regime. To rationalize the obtained fatigue data, the fracturemechanics-based DTMF concept, which was developed for TMF life assessment of ductile alloys, was applied. It is found that the DTMF parameter correlates well with the measured fatigue lives, suggesting that subcritical growth of cracks (with sizes from a few microns to a few millimeters) governs failure in the investigated range of strain amplitudes.</abstract>
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    <author>Jürgen Olbricht</author>
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      <value>9–12%Cr steel</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Thermomechanical fatigue</value>
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      <value>Symmetric dwell periods</value>
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