53001
2021
eng
109618
190
article
Elsevier Ltd.
1
--
--
--
The impact of the microstructure of Fe-16Cr-0.2C on high-temperature oxidation – sulphidation in SO2
This study elucidates the impact of the microstructure of Fe-16Cr-0.2C on oxide layer formation at 650 ◦C in Ar-0.5 % SO2. A cold-rolled and two heat-treated states of the alloy were exposed for up to 1000 h. The samples were characterised in detail from microstructural and chemical perspectives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The microstructural modification of the alloy by heat-treatment was advantageous. It was found that Cr-carbides support chromia formation and reduce sulphidation when their area fraction is low and diameter is small.
Corrosion Science
10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109618
publish
21.09.2021
Florian Falk
Oded Sobol
Christiane Stephan-Scherb
eng
uncontrolled
Steel
eng
uncontrolled
Iron
eng
uncontrolled
SIMS
eng
uncontrolled
SEM
eng
uncontrolled
High temperature corrosion
eng
uncontrolled
Oxidation
eng
uncontrolled
Sulphidation
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe
6 Materialchemie
6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse
9 Komponentensicherheit
Material
Degradation von Werkstoffen
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
5.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere
9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere
56048
2021
eng
628
640
10
59
article
De Gruyter
1
--
--
--
Materialographic Preparation of Salt
Molten salt containing systems gain in importance for sustainable energy use and production. For research and development, interactions of molten salts with potential container materials are of major interest. This article introduces preparation procedures to display an intact metal and salt microstructure and their interface using light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The exemplary material combination is the ternary salt mixture NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 and the low alloyed steel 1.4901 (T92) with a maximum service temperature of 550 °C. These are potential elements/materials for use in latent heat thermal energy storages.
Praktische Metallographie
10.1515/pm-2022-0058
publish
20.10.2022
false
true
Robin Blank
Heike Nitschke
Romeo Saliwan Neumann
Axel Kranzmann
eng
uncontrolled
Molten salt
eng
uncontrolled
Corrosion
eng
uncontrolled
Steel
eng
uncontrolled
Aging
eng
uncontrolled
Dry preparation
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe
Material
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
44472
2018
eng
453
470
3-4
89
article
Springer
1
--
--
--
Thin Sol-Gel Alumina Coating as Protection of a 9% Cr Steel Against Flue Gas Corrosion at 650 °C
Samples of sol-gel alumina coated and uncoated P92 steel were exposed to flue gas at 650 °C for 300 h. As result of this treatment a 50 µm thick bi-layered oxide scale had formed on the surface of the uncoated sample. Below the scale a 40 µm thick inner oxidation zone was detected. In contrast, the porous, micron thick alumina coating enabled the formation of a chromium oxide scale with a thickness of some nanometers at the interface between steel substrate and coating. In this case high temperature corrosion of the steel was prevented so far.
Oxidation of Metals
10.1007/s11085-017-9799-0
0030-770X
1573-4889
29.03.2018
Marianne Nofz
Ilona Dörfel
Regine Sojref
Nicole Wollschläger
Maria Mosquera Feijoo
Wencke Schulz
Axel Kranzmann
eng
uncontrolled
Steel
eng
uncontrolled
Oxide coatings
eng
uncontrolled
High-temperature corrosion
eng
uncontrolled
TEM
eng
uncontrolled
SEM
Angewandte Physik
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe
5.6 Glas
Energie
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
52394
2021
eng
594
4
9
article
MDPI
Basel, Switzerland
1
--
--
--
Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue of Steels in Downhole CCS Environment—A Summary
Static immersion tests of potential injection pipe steels 42CrMo4, X20Cr13, X46Cr13, X35CrMo4, and X5CrNiCuNb16-4 at T = 60°C and ambient pressure, as well as p = 100 bar were performed for 700–8000 h in a CO2-saturated synthetic aquifer environment similar to CCS sites in the Northern German Basin (NGB). Corrosion rates at 100 bar are generally lower than at ambient pressure. The main corrosion products are FeCO3 and FeOOH with surface and local corrosion phenomena directly related to the alloy composition and microstructure. The appropriate heat treatment enhances corrosion resistance. The lifetime reduction of X46Cr13, X5CrNiCuNb16-4, and duplex stainless steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 in a CCS environment is demonstrated in the in situ corrosion fatigue CF experiments (axial push-pull and rotation bending load, 60°C , brine: Stuttgart Aquifer and NGB, flowing CO2: 30 L/h, +/- applied potential). Insulating the test setup is necessary to gain reliable data. S-N plots, micrographic-, phase-, fractographic-, and surface analysis prove that the life expectancy of X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 in the axial cyclic load to failure is clearly related to the surface finish, applied stress amplitude, and stress mode. The horizontal grain attack within corrosion pit cavities, multiple fatigue cracks, and preferable deterioration of austenitic phase mainly cause fatigue failure. The CF life range increases significantly when a protective potential is applied.
Processes
10.3390/pr9040594
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-523948
publish
31.05.2021
Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Anja Pfennig
M. Wolf
Axel Kranzmann
eng
uncontrolled
Carbon capture and storage
eng
uncontrolled
Steel
eng
uncontrolled
High alloyed steel
eng
uncontrolled
Corrosion
eng
uncontrolled
Corrosion fatigue
eng
uncontrolled
CCS
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe
Material
Degradation von Werkstoffen
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52394/processes-09-00594.pdf
47423
2019
eng
94
109
148
article
Elsevier
1
--
--
--
Microstructural investigation using advanced TEM techniques of inner ocide layers formed on T92 steel in oxyfuel environment
T92 steel was oxidized at 650 °C for 1000 h in dry and wet oxyfuel gases. The microstructure of inner oxide layer was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy on thin lamellas of oxide cross-sections. The oxides were composed of fine equiaxed grains and separated into Fe-rich and Cr-rich regions. Fe-rich regions were wustite and iron sulphide while Cr-rich regions consisted of Fe-Cr spinel with different stoichiometries. Precipitates of (W,Mo)-rich oxides were formed within the oxide scale and beneath the oxide/alloy interface. Often iron sulphide and (W,Mo)-rich oxide were surrounded by Cr-rich spinel.
Corrosion Science
10.1016/j.corsci.2018.12.008
0010-938X
1879-0496
22.02.2019
K. Chandra
Ilona Dörfel
N. Wollschläger
Axel Kranzmann
eng
uncontrolled
Steel
eng
uncontrolled
STEM
eng
uncontrolled
High temperature corrosion
eng
uncontrolled
Oxidation
eng
uncontrolled
Internal oxidation
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe
Material
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
58158
2023
eng
1
11
253
article
1
--
--
--
Mapping of lattice distortion in martensitic steel—Comparison of different evaluation methods of EBSD patterns
To visualize the varying tetragonal distortions in high carbon martensitic steels by EBSD, two different approaches have been applied on backscattered Kikuchi diffraction (BKD) patterns. A band-edge refinement technique called Refined Accuracy (RA) (Oxford Instruments) is compared with a technique called Pattern Matching (PM), which optimizes the fit to a simulated BKD signal. RA distinguishes between hypothetical phases of different fixed 𝑐∕𝑎, while PM determines a best fitting continuous 𝑐∕𝑎 by projective transformation of a master pattern. Both techniques require stored BKD patterns.
The sensitivity of the 𝑐∕𝑎-determination was tested by investigating the microstructure of a ferritic steel with an expected 𝑐∕𝑎 = 1. The influence of the Kikuchi pattern noise on 𝑐∕𝑎 was compared for a single or 40 averaged frames per measuring point, and turned out to be not significant. The application of RA and PM on the martensitic microstructure delivered qualitatively similar maps of 𝑐∕𝑎. The comparison of RA and PM shows that RA is suitably fast and precise during mapping the martensite 𝑐∕𝑎 ratio in analyses of high carbon martensite, especially for fast initial surveys. As RA leads quantitatively to higher noise in 𝑐∕𝑎, the PM analysis can be used for higher precision results.
Ultramicroscopy
10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113824
publish
06.09.2023
G. Cios
A. Winkelmann
Gert Nolze
T. Tokarski
L. Rychlowski
L. Dan
P. Bala
eng
uncontrolled
EBSD
eng
uncontrolled
Steel
eng
uncontrolled
Martensite
eng
uncontrolled
Tetragonality
eng
uncontrolled
Strain
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe
Material
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
58992
2022
eng
1
13
203
article
Elsevier Ltd.
1
--
--
--
Comprehensive insights into competitive oxidation/sulfidation reactions on binary ferritic alloys at high temperatures
Interpreting high-temperature corrosion induced by mixed-gas atmospheres is challenging due to the different contributions of oxidizing gases. Here, a comprehensive study on the combined oxidation/sulfidation using label molecules is presented. Fe-Cr model alloys with 2 wt% and 9 wt% Cr were isothermally exposed using a volumetric mixture of 0.5%S16O2/27%H218O and 0.5%S16O2/7%H218O at 650 ◦C for 5 h and then characterized by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Additionally, the reactions were followed in-situ utilizing energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. The study showed that both S16O2 and H218O contribute to the oxidation of the alloys but to different extents depending on the Cr-content.
Corrosion Science
10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110236
0010-938X
publish
04.12.2023
false
true
Christiane Stephan-Scherb
Juho Lehmusto
Florian Falk
Oded Sobol
Bruce Pint
eng
uncontrolled
SEM
eng
uncontrolled
Steel
eng
uncontrolled
Iron
eng
uncontrolled
SIMS
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe
Material
Degradation von Werkstoffen
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")