<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>57905</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>20761</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>20779</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>30</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cambridge, UK</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Harmful effects of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway: scale-up tests from cell to second-life modules</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For a comprehensive safety assessment of stationary lithium-ion-battery applications, it is necessary to better understand the consequences of thermal runaway (TR). In this study, experimental tests comprising twelve TR experiments including four single-cell tests, two cell stack tests and six second-life module tests (2.65 kW h and 6.85 kW h) with an NMC-cathode under similar initial conditions were conducted. The temperature (direct at cells/modules and in near field), mass loss, cell/module voltage, and qualitative vent gas composition (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and diode laser spectroscopy (DLS) for HF) were measured. The results of the tests showed that the battery TR is accompanied by severe and in some cases violent chemical reactions. In most cases, TR was not accompanied by pregassing of the modules. Jet flames up to a length of 5 m and fragment throwing to distances to more than 30 m were detected. The TR of the tested modules was accompanied by significant mass loss of up to 82%. The maximum HF concentration measured was 76 ppm, whereby the measured HF concentrations in the module tests were not necessarily higher than that in the cell stack tests.&#13;
Subsequently, an explosion of the released vent gas occurred in one of the tests, resulting in the intensification of the negative consequences. According to the evaluation of the gas measurements with regard to toxicity base on the “Acute Exposure Guideline Levels” (AEGL), there is some concern with regards to CO, which may be equally as important to consider as the release of HF.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">RSC Advances</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2046-2069</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/D3RA02881J</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579054</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">24.07.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Rico Tschirschwitz</author>
    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <author>Patrick Wagner</author>
    <author>Tim Rappsilber</author>
    <author>Christian Liebner</author>
    <author>S.-K. Hahn</author>
    <author>U. Krause</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Large-scale tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas emission</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal runaway</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Consequences</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57905/d3ra02881j.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57647</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>19</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>9</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Composition and Explosibility of Gas Emissions from Lithium-Ion Batteries Undergoing Thermal Runaway</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Lithium-based batteries have the potential to undergo thermal runaway (TR), during which mixtures of gases are released. The purpose of this study was to assess the explosibility of the gaseous emission from LIBs of an NMC-based cathode during thermal runaway. In the current project, a series of pouch lithium-based battery cells was exposed to abuse conditions (thermal) to study the total amount of gases released and the composition of the gas mixture. First, the battery cells were placed in a closed vessel, and the pressure and temperature rise inside the vessel were measured. In a second step, the composition of gases was analysed using a Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.&#13;
We found that the amount of released gases was up to 102 ± 4 L, with a clear dependence on the battery capacity. This study showed that the concentration of gaseous emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) increased with higher cell capacity. Of the five studied flammable gases, the maximum concentrations of carbon monoxide (16.85 vol%), methane (7.6 vol%), and ethylene (7.86 vol%) were identified to be within their explosible range. Applying Le Chatelier’s law, a calculated lower explosion limit (LEL) of 7% in volume fraction was obtained for the gas mixture. The upper explosion limit (UEL) of the gas mixture was also found to be 31% in volume. A filter comprising pyrobubbles was used for the removal of the studied gas components released during the thermal abuse. The investigation revealed that the pyrobubbles filter was highly effect in the removal of HCN (up to 94% removal) and CO2 (up to 100% removal). Herein, we report the dependency of the method of thermal runaway trigger on the measured maximum temperature.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Batteries</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/batteries9060300</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576477</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.07.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>K. O. A. Amano</author>
    <author>S.-K. Hahn</author>
    <author>N. Butt</author>
    <author>P. Vorwerk</author>
    <author>E. Gimadieva</author>
    <author>Rico Tschirschwitz</author>
    <author>Tim Rappsilber</author>
    <author>U. Krause</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal runaway</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Smoke gas emission</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas explosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion limit</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57647/batteries-09-00300-v2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58543</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Study of thermal runaway and gas emissions in NMC lithium-ion batteries: State of Charge Dependence Investigation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Thermal runaway investigations were performed by subjecting single and double NMC pouch cells to thermal abuse condition inside an air-tight reactor vessel with an internal volume of 100 dm³. The study was divided into two series. The findings revealed the thermal runaway-induced explosion in the cells results in a rate of temperature increase greater than 10 K/s. The highest gaseous production was achieved at a range of 90 – 100% SOC and higher battery capacities 0.79 L/Wh (Series 1, 10 Ah cell) and 0.87 L/Wh (Series 2, 32 Ah cell). The investigation showed between 25 m³ and 84 m³ of explosible gas mixture could be released from electric vehicles of nominal useable electrical energy from 32 kWh up to 108 kWh at thermal runaway. It was also found that, the release of these explosible gases could undergo a secondary explosion.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th IBSW 2023 – International Battery Safety Workshop</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ulm, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">28.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">29.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Kofi Owusu Ansah Amano</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Consequneces</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrical Energy Storage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Propagation; Gas release</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62509</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Skalierung von Sprengversuchen an Stahlbetonbauteilen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Sprengversuche sind erforderlich, um Explosionsereignisse auf Grund von Unfällen oder Anschlägen zu untersuchen und um das Schutzniveau für Menschen und Anlagen in kritischen Infrastrukturen zu bewerten. Die Durchführung von Feldversuchen in großem Maßstab für komplexe Szenarien ist sehr ressourcenintensiv. Verlässliche Experimente im kleinen Maßstab sind eine vielversprechende Alternative. Die Skalierungsgesetze für die Bemessung von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen unter Explosionsbelastung sind jedoch nicht hinreichend etabliert.  &#13;
Die Forschungsarbeit fokussiert sich auf Stahlbetonstrukturen, die für die Standardisierung von skalierten Sprengversuchen in Frage kommen. Im Rahmen der Machbarkeitsstudie wurden auf dem TTS-Gelände Sprengversuche an Probekörpern unterschiedlicher Größe durchgeführt. Dabei wurden verschiedene horizontal gelagerte Stahlbetonplatten getestet und unterschiedlichen Explosionsbelastungen ausgesetzt. Die Sprengversuche umfassten verschiedene Messtechniken zur Quantifizierung der Explosionslast sowie des Verhaltens der Stahlbetonplatten. Die Explosionslast wurde mit bündig eingebauten piezoelektrischen Druckmessern gemessen, während Beschleunigungssensoren und flächig applizierte verteilte faseroptische Sensorik verwendet wurden, um das dynamische Verhalten der Platte unter Explosionsbelastung zu charakterisieren. Darüber hinaus wurden Schädigungsmerkmale ebenfalls mit verteilter faseroptischer Sensorik ermittelt. Die Anwendung solcher Messtechniken sowie die Nutzung verschiedener numerischer Softwaretools bieten die Möglichkeit die Skalierungsgesetze zu verifizieren bzw. anzupassen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">BBK - Fachkongress Forschung für den Bevölkerungsschutz 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bonn, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.02.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>Marcus Hering</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sprengversuch</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Skalierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Faseroptik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53936</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>33</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>37</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11-12</issue>
    <volume>11</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>VDI Fachmedien</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Werkzeuge zur Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen - Erkenntnisse zur Zündwahrscheinlichkeit von Edelstahl und NE-Metallen gegen Baustahl und Estrichbeton in Wasserstoff und Acetylen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Üblicherweise werden Werkzeuge für den industriellen Einsatz aus hochlegierten Chromstählen hergestellt. Für den Einsatz in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen werden oft Werkzeuge aus speziellen Nichteisen-Metalllegierungen (NE-Metall) verwendet. Für diese sogenannten funkenarmen Werkstoffe und deren mögliche Schlagpartner gibt es bisher keine umfassenden Untersuchungen mit Aussagen zur Zündwahrscheinlichkeit.&#13;
&#13;
Die TRGS 723, Abschn. 5.15, fordert den Nachweis der Funkenfreiheit der verwendeten Werkstoffpaarung. Jedoch sind Werkzeuge keine Geräte oder Schutzsysteme im Sinne der Richtlinie 2014/34/EU. Deshalb ist es nicht möglich, Werkzeuge in Übereinstimmung mit dieser Richtlinie zu zertifizieren. Der Nachweis der Erfüllung dieser Anforderungen ist durch Zertifizierungen im sogenannten "gesetzlich nicht geregelten" Bereich möglich. Die BAM bietet diese Zertifizierung für "Funkenarme Werkzeuge" im Rahmen ihres Zertifizierungsprogrammes an.&#13;
&#13;
Die bisherigen Ergebnisse der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung haben gezeigt, dass es keine funkenfreien, metallischen Werkzeuge (non-sparking Tools) gibt. Entscheidend ist im Hinblick auf die TRGS 723, ob zündfähige Funken entstehen oder nicht. Es ist immer die Frage, worauf die Werkzeuge im praktischen Anwendungsfall schlagen oder fallen gelassen werden können, d.h. aus welchem Material der mögliche Schlagpartner besteht. Dies können metallische Schlagpartner, aber auch Betonoberflächen sein. Unterschiedliche Kombinationen von Werkstoffen ergeben bei Schlagbeanspruchung im explosionsgefährdeten Bereich jeweils unterschiedliche Zündwahrscheinlichkeiten. Aber auch die Höhe der beim Einsatz der Werkzeuge möglichen kinetischen Schlagenergie und der Brenngas/Luft-Atmosphäre im betreffenden explosionsgefährdeten Bereich sind wichtige Einflussgrößen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Technische Sicherheit</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.37544/2191-0073-2021-11-12-33</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2191-0073</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Grunewald</author>
    <author>Rainer Grätz</author>
    <author>Hans-Carsten Kühne</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanisch erzeugte Funken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nichtelektrische Funken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schlagfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schleiffunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reibfunken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Funkenarmes Werkzeug</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Funkenfreies Werkzeug</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non sparking tools</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59094</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Measuring Dynamic Behavior and Damage Evolution of a Reinforced Concrete Wall Subjected to Explosive Blasts using Embedded Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Results from highly dynamic and static strain measurements, respectively, using embedded distributed fiber optic sensors in a steel-reinforced concrete wall under explosive blast-loading are presented, detailing the structure’s dynamic behavior and the evolutions of cracks.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-28)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Hamamatsu, Japan</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed acoustic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DAS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural response</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast experiment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded fiber optic sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62258</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Explosion effects on reinforced concrete structures – A preliminary study of scaling laws</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Blast tests are required to investigate accidental or intentional blast events and to assess the level of protection for people and facilities in critical infrastructures. Conducting large-scale field tests for complex scenarios is very resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative. However, the scaling laws for the design of reinforced concrete structures under blast loads are not sufficiently established. &#13;
In our research work, a consortium made up of three BAM departments, focuses on reinforced concrete structures that are suitable for the standardization of scaled blast tests. As part of the feasibility study, blast tests were carried out on test specimens of different sizes on the BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (TTS). Various reinforced concrete plates were tested and subjected to different blast loads. The blast tests included various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load and the behavior of the reinforced concrete plate. The blast load was measured with flush-mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, while accelerometers and embedded fiber optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the plate under blast loading. In addition, damage characteristics were also determined using distributed fiber optic sensing. The application of these measurement techniques as well as the use of different numerical software tools offer the possibility to verify or adapt the scaling laws.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">19th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (19th ISIEMS)</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">19th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (19th ISIEMS)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bonn, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Marcus Hering</author>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Sebastian Chruscicki</author>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63184</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Replica scaling of RC slabs under blast loading: a preliminary assessment</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Blast testing is undoubtedly the most straightforward and direct method of evaluating the blast resistance of a structure. For the calibration and validation of numerical models as well, blast tests must be carried out. However, true-scale prototype testing under different blast loading scenarios is not always feasible. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative. Application of dimensional analysis and similarity principals can be found in different engineering fields. For applications to the phenomenon of shock wave propagation, Hopkinson-Cranz or cube-root scaling is a well-established concept. When it comes to the scaling the structural response, research has predominantly focused on structures made of metallic materials. Scaled investigations with concrete or reinforced concrete (RC) structures remain limited, specifically under blast loading.&#13;
In a preliminary study, we tested RC slabs at two different scales under near-field blast loading. Replica scaling, which is geometrical scaling while using the same materials at different scales, was implemented in the construction of the test specimens. The assessment of scaling and the discrepancy in its application was investigated by characterizing the blast loads, dynamic response, and damage. The experiments were supplemented by numerical simulations of these scenarios. The quantification of scenario-and-response-specific discrepancy can be used to modify the scaling laws, so that a blast assessment can be performed based on resource efficient small-scale tests.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">25th International Physical Security Forum</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Schwarzenburg, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RC slabs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60880</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures Under Blast Loading: Scopes and Challenges</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Protection against terrorist or accidental scenarios in industrial settings requires suitable designs of structures to resist blast loads. Field testing as well as finite element simulations are among the techniques available to engineers in the understanding of the structural behavior against blast loading. As blast testing of complex scenarios can be very resource intensive, tests are generally performed for simplified scenarios. Numerical tools can be used to model these scenarios in order to get a better insight into blast loading, structural response and the resulting damage to the structure. In the next steps, the simplified scenario is successively modified in numerical simulations to incorporate complexities that cannot be covered in blast testing experiments. One of the conditions for this approach to work is that the original simplified numerical simulation is valid. The scopes and challenges encountered in such a validation are the focus of this presentation. A relatively ‘simple’ field test of a horizontal reinforced concrete (RC) slab subjected to blast loading is taken as an example for validation of the performance of numerical tools. The blast test incorporated various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load as well as the behavior of the RC slab. Blast load was measured using flush-mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, whereas acceleration sensors and fiber-optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the slab under blast loading. Additionally, damage characteristics were ascertained also using fiber-optic sensing. The application of such measurement techniques, along with different numerical software available for the analysis of the scenario in question,&#13;
demonstrate the scope of our contribution.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">24th International Physical Security Forum Brussels</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Brussels, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>Marcus Hering</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reinforced Concrete Structures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulations</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62260</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Explosion effects on reinforced concrete structures: A preliminary study of scaling laws</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Blast tests are required to investigate accidental or intentional blast events and to assess the level of protection for people and facilities in critical infrastructures. Conducting large-scale field tests for complex scenarios is very resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative. However, the scaling laws for the design of reinforced concrete structures under blast loads are not sufficiently established. &#13;
In our research work, a consortium made up of three BAM departments, focuses on reinforced concrete structures that are suitable for the standardization of scaled blast tests. As part of the feasibility study, blast tests were carried out on test specimens of different sizes on the BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (TTS). Various reinforced concrete plates were tested and subjected to different blast loads. The blast tests included various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load and the behavior of the reinforced concrete plate. The blast load was measured with flush-mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, while accelerometers and embedded fiber optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the plate under blast loading. In addition, damage characteristics were also determined using distributed fiber optic sensing. The application of these measurement techniques as well as the use of different numerical software tools offer the possibility to verify or adapt the scaling laws.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">19th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (19th ISIEMS)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bonn, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.12.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Marcus Hering</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59849</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Auswirkungsbetrachtungen auf Strukturen</title>
    <title language="eng">Scaling of Blast Effects on Reinforced Concrete Structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Protection against terroristic or accidental scenarios in industrial settings requires suitable designs of structures to resist blast loads. Field testing as well as finite element simulations are among the techniques available to engineers in the understanding of the structural behavior against blast loading. &#13;
As blast testing of complex scenarios can be very resource intensive, tests are generally performed for simplified scenarios. Numerical tools can be used to model these scenarios to get better insight into blast loading, structural response, and the resulting damage to the structure. During the next steps, the simplified scenario is successively modified in numerical simulations to incorporate complexities that cannot be covered in blast testing experiments. One of the conditions for this approach to work is that the original simplified numerical simulation is valid. The scopes and challenges encountered in such a validation are the focus of this presentation/article. &#13;
A relatively ‘simple’ field test of a horizontal reinforced concrete (RC) slab subjected to blast loading is taken as an example for validation of the performance of numerical tools. The blast test incorporated various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load as well as the behavior of the RC slab. Blast load was measured using flush mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, whereas acceleration sensors and fiber-optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the slab under blast loading. Additionally, damage characteristics were ascertained also using fiber optic sensing. The application of such measurement techniques, along with different numerical software available for the analysis of the scenario in question, demonstrate the scope of our contribution. &#13;
When it comes to the challenges, it begins with proper instrumentation of the test specimen followed by the data processing. For numerical modelling, geometric conditions with appropriate boundary constraints, physical conditions such as the configuration of the rebars, as well as material parameters add to this challenge. The issues of choosing appropriate material models and comparison of results with multiple software tools will be discussed. This discussion forms the basis for a coherent approach to technical-safety assessment of blast effects on structures in its broader sense.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Beiratssitzung Infrastruktur</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CFD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FEM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62998</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Explosionsauswirkungen auf Strukturen Versuche und Simulationen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Vorstellung der Versuche von Explosionsversuchen auf dem TTS. Diese werden ergänzt durch die Ergebnisse durchgeführter Simulationen und zeigen die Wirkung von zivilen Explosivstoffen auf Gebäudestrukturen und die aufgetretenen Schädigungen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">46. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Siegen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosivstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Skalierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Strukturauswirkung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerische Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58927</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Structural behavior and damage assessment of a reinforced concrete wall by various NDT methods and embedded sensors under blast-loading</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A safety or security related assessment of explosions, accidental and intentional scenarios alike, often necessitate performance of replication-tests. Such test results are necessary to clarify the causes within the scope of forensic investigations. To gain important insights into the behavior of structures and materials under such loading, field tests may also be performed in accordance with different test standards. To determine the resistance of building-structures after explosions, estimation of the residual load-bearing capacity in addition to the assessment of dynamic structural response and damage to the building components is important. In most cases an evaluation of structural integrity is based only on the visual damage, resulting in an overestimation of the residual capacity.&#13;
The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) operates the Test site for Technical Safety (TTS) on an area measuring about 12 km2 in the Federal State of Brandenburg for execution of true-to-scale explosion tests. At the TTS, building component testing was performed to assess the suitability of different non-destructive testing methods to characterize the dynamic structural response and damage resulting from the detonation of high explosives.&#13;
Different blast-loading scenarios were realized by varying the net explosive mass and the standoff distance with all scenarios representing a near-field detonation. The test object was a reinforced concrete wall 2 m high, 2.5 m wide and 20 cm thick, fixed at both vertical edges. The dynamic loading of the wall was characterized with 8 piezoelectric pressure sensors flush-mounted on the front surface, thus measuring the reflected pressures from the shock wave. The tests were conducted with the aim of characterizing the global behavior of the wall under dynamic shock loading and the resulting local damage pattern, respectively. High speed digital image correlation was implemented in combination with multiple acceleration sensors to observe the rear surface of the wall to chart the dynamic deflection during the loading and to determine the residual deformation after the loading had ceased. In addition, one test specimen was instrumented with fiber optic sensor cables, both fixed to the rebars and embedded in the concrete-matrix, respectively. Firstly, these sensors were interrogated during the blast test by a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) device using a particularly high sampling rate to measure the shock-induced vibrations in the structure with high temporal resolution. This delivers information on dynamics of compression and tension cycles from within the structure. Secondly, the local damage-pattern emerging during the series of blasts was determined via distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DSS) by interrogating the embedded fiber optic sensors with a high spatial resolution DSS device after each blast. This enabled the characterization of non-visual damage to the structure, in particular with regard to the formation of localized cracks in the concrete matrix. The DSS was further complimented by a structure-scanner based on ultrasonic measurements.&#13;
Our contribution describes this new test approach in detail. Results of the three datasets, namely dynamic shock loading, global behavior of the test object and the local damage pattern will be presented. The suitability of the implemented measurement methods will be discussed in combination with the challenges in their application for technical safety evaluation of building components under explosive loading.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">26th International Symposium on Military Aspects of Blast and Shock (MABS26)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Wollongong, Australia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.12.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.12.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reflected pressure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed fiber optic sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acceleration sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital image correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic structure-scanner</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63192</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Explosionsauswirkungen auf Strukturen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Wir berichten über die Entwicklungen des AP2 im Hinblick auf Explosionsauswirkungen auf Strukturen und den Weg  zur systematischen messtechnischen Erfassung zur ganzheitlichen Bewertung der Bauwerksicherheit unter Detonationsbelastung. Zusätzlich werden die Vorführungen zu Kontaktdetonationen während der 16. Informationsveanstaltung Sprengstoffe und Pyrotechnik vorgeführt.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">16. Informationsveranstaltung Sprengstoffe und Pyrotechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Rene Costard</author>
    <author>Marcus Hering</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kontaktdetonation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62994</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Preliminary Study on the Scaling of RC Structures under Blasting Loading</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Current capabilities for full-scale field blast testing are highly resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are an effective alternative. Characterization of the dynamic response and damage of RC elements to scaled blast loads was investigated in scaled-down field experiments. Spatially resolved information on the dynamic structural response to blast loading was obtained using distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing (DAS), acceleration sensors as well as piezoelectric pressure sensors.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">46. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Siegen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosives</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast and scaling effects</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57319</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Charakterisierung der Belastung und Schädigung von Stahlbetonprüfkörpern unter Explosionsbeanspruchung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Sprengversuche sind ein wesentliches Werkzeug, um die Eignung von Schutzobjekten und Bauteilen zum Schutz der Bevölkerung vor Anschlägen mit explosionsgefährlichen Stoffen wie Explosivstoffen, sogenannten „home-made-explosives“ (HME) und unkonventionellen Spreng- und Brandvorrichtungen (USBV) zu bewerten. Für forensische Zwecke werden oft Explosionsszenarien nachgebildet, um die Auswirkung von Anschlägen oder Unfällen genau untersuchen zu können. Feldversuche in Kombination mit numerischen Simulationen ermöglichen eine Charakterisierung der Belastung und Schädigung von Bauteilen und Strukturen unter hochdynamischen Explosionsbelastungen.&#13;
Auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (TTS) der BAM in Horstwalde, Brandenburg werden Sprengversuche im Real-Maßstab durchgeführt. Dabei werden Bauteile mit Messtechnik ausgestattet, um eine dynamische Strukturcharakterisierung mittels sensorbasierten Monitorings zu ermöglichen.&#13;
In diesem Vortrag werden am Beispiel einer Versuchskampagne mit einer Stahlbetonwand als Prüfkörper die Eignung verschiedener Prüfmethoden bei Sprengversuchen evaluiert. Es werden Messmethoden zur Charakterisierung der Explosionsereignisse, des globalen Strukturverhaltens sowie der lokalen Schädigung vorgestellt.&#13;
Die direkte Charakterisierung der Explosionsbelastung erfolgt mit Hilfe von piezo-elektrischen Druckaufnehmern (bündig mit der Oberfläche im Prüfkörper montiert) und High-Speed-Kameras. Die Beobachtung der explosionsinduzierten Reaktion des Bauteils während und nach dem Eintreffen der Stoßwelle erfolgt mittels Beschleunigungssensoren, Stereo-Fotogrammetrie sowie mit in den Prüfkörper eingebetteter verteilter faseroptischer Sensoren, mit Hilfe derer die Dehnungsraten im Bauteil zeit- und ortsaufgelöst gemessen werden können. Die faseroptischen Sensoren erlauben außerdem die örtlich hochaufgelöste Bestimmung statischer Dehnungsänderungen im Bauteil nach einem Versuch, sodass auch nicht sichtbare Schädigungen wie kleinste Risse detektiert und charakterisiert werden können. Vergleichende Messungen mit Ultraschall komplettieren die Schadenscharakterisierung. In unserem Beitrag diskutieren wir die Herausforderungen dieser Messungen sowie die Ergebnisse und Möglichkeiten der genannten komplementären Messmethoden.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">44. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Siegen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosivstoffe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sprengversuche</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schädigungscharakterisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sensorik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57458</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical analysis of structures under blast loading</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Blast tests are indispensable for investigations of accidental or intentional explosions and to evaluate the level of protection to people and equipment within critical infrastructure. Current capabilities for detailed blast effects assessment are limited to performing full-scale field testing, which, for complex scenarios, are highly resource intensive. In this regard, reliable numerical simulations are an effective alternative option. A discussion of the scope and challenges of using numerical tools for a technical-safety assessment of reinforced concrete structures under blast loading is presented. Different coupling possibilities between shock wave simulations and structural simulations with the help of practical examples is given. An outlook on the development of new methods for structural simulations currently being researched at BAM concludes the presentation.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Exerter Final Conference, 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Soest, The Netherlands</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coupling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural Analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FSI</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.7 Modellierung und Simulation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58109</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>11</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>45</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutscher Sprengverband e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Charakterisierung der Belastung und Schädigung von Stahlbetonprüfkörpern unter Explosionsbeanspruchung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Zur Bewertung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Schutzobjekten und Bauteilen gegen Explosionsbeanspruchung führt die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) regelmäßig Sprengversuche im Realmaßstab auf einem Testgelände durch.&#13;
&#13;
Solche Versuche sind planungs- und ressourcenintensiv, sodass sie zunehmend durch numerische Simulationen ergänzt bzw. ersetzt werden.&#13;
&#13;
Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten zielen darauf ab, neue Berechnungsmethoden und Materialmodelle zu entwickeln, mit denen die Bestimmung der Bauteilantwort sowie die daraus resultierende Schädigung nach einem Explosionsereignis möglich sind. &#13;
&#13;
Zur Validierung solcher Ansätze ist es notwendig, systematische Versuche mit unterschiedlichen Szenarien durchzuführen, bei denen die relevanten Parameter mit Hilfe verschiedener Messmethoden aufgezeichnet werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">SPRENGINFO</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0941 - 4584</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">44. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Siegen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>Daniel Kadoke</author>
    <author>Thomas Kind</author>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosivstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosionswirkung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stahlbeton</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Faseroptische Sensorik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59096</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Optica</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington D.C., USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Measuring Dynamic Behavior and Damage Evolution of a Reinforced Concrete Wall Subjected to Explosive Blasts using Embedded Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Results from highly dynamic and static strain measurements, respectively, using embedded distributed fiber optic sensors in a steel-reinforced concrete wall under explosive blast-loading are presented, detailing the structure’s dynamic behavior and the evolutions of cracks.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-28)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Hamamatsu, Japan</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <author>Sebastian Chruscicki</author>
    <author>Mathias Breithaupt</author>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <author>Thomas Kind</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed acoustic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DAS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural response</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast experiment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded fiber optic sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59808</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Dynamic response of reinforced concrete (RC) components in scaled-down blast tests</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Current capabilities for full-scale field testing are highly resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are an effective alternative. Characterization of the dynamic response and damage of RC elements to scaled blast loads was investigated in scaled-down field experiments. Spatially resolved information on the dynamic structural response using distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing (DAS) and acceleration as well as blast loading by piezoelectric pressure sensors.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">45. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Siegen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reinforced concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acceleration sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63442</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>97</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hazard classification of different lithium-ion battery types after triggering thermal runaway</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For a better understanding of relevant parameters influencing the thermal runaway, this work classifies the behavior of six different types of lithium-ion batteries. Based on 145 repeatable tests, this research has created a unique and detailed database of battery behavior during thermal runaway. It contains information about changes in cell temperature, voltage, mass loss, smoke gas release and gas pressure. When it comes to characterizing the thermal runaway behavior across different cell types, this work eliminates the need for complex meta-analyses, which can only provide limited information due to the different test conditions in different test benches. In a pressure-resistant 100 dm³ autoclave and an 8-m³ room with connected multi gas analysis, 24 setups were examined under identical conditions. The investigations were carried out as a function of the variation parameters cell geometry, cathode active material, state of charge and initiation method of thermal runaway. The analysis of the measurement data reveals clear differences in the thermal runaway behavior of the tested cell types and can be used as a reference for determining the hazard potential in individual assessment categories of different cells.&#13;
All measured values from both test benches as well as the visual evaluation of the cell behavior during the test runs in the 8 m³ room are made available in a comprehensive data table in the supplementary material.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0950-4230</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105691</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634429</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">30.06.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Tim Rappsilber</author>
    <author>Simone Krüger</author>
    <author>Tina Raspe</author>
    <author>Patrick Wagner</author>
    <author>Christian Liebner</author>
    <author>Thaddeus Strzyz</author>
    <author>Rico Tschirschwitz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium Ion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal Runaway</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>State of charge</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hazard classification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>gas emission</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63442/Hazard Classification LIB - Published Paper.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64616</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Assessment of the Application of Scaling Concepts for Blast Effects Analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Blast testing finds its implementation in several applications, e.g. for the purpose of investigation into accidental or intentional explosions, or for an assessment of the level of protection provided by a certain structural configuration. Analytical and/or semi-empirical methods are generally limited to preliminary assessments prior to blast testing. Applications of numerical simulations with hydrocodes coupled with finite element methods (FEM) can only reduce the amount of blast testing required, as these necessitate fulfillment of the fundamental prerequisites of model verification and that of model validation.&#13;
Field tests are implemented for contact detonations as well as near-field blast scenarios and shock tube tests for far-field blast scenarios. However, these can be extremely resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative.&#13;
The concepts of dimensional analysis and similarity based on Buckingham’s Π-theorem (1914) have been applied in different fields. For applications to the phenomenon of shock wave propagation, Hopkinson-Cranz or cube-root scaling is a well-established concept. When it comes to scaling the structural response, research has predominantly focused on structures made of metallic materials. Scaled investigations with concrete or reinforced concrete (RC) structures remain limited. The lack of even the most basic guidelines (far from any ‘standardized scaling methods’ for blast tests) show that scaling as a method is not yet established in blast effects analysis.&#13;
In this preliminary study, we present a systematic approach and evaluation of scaling of blast effects analysis for RC slabs in order to develop guidelines for resource efficient testing methods. We study the blast scenario at two different scales. The focus of these investigations has been on evaluation of scaling of dynamics using pressure sensors, acceleration sensors and fiber optic sensing cables for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). Further, the resulting plastic behavior upon blast is characterized by distributed strain sensing (DSS) along the same cables.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">27th International Symposium on Military Aspects of Blast and Shock (MABS27)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Colmar, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RC-slabs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Similarity and scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64617</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Assessment of the Application of Scaling Concepts for Blast Effects Analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Blast testing finds its implementation in several applications, e.g. for the purpose of investigation into accidental or intentional explosions, or for an assessment of the level of protection provided by a certain structural configuration. Analytical and/or semi-empirical methods are generally limited to preliminary assessments prior to blast testing. Applications of numerical simulations with hydrocodes coupled with finite element methods (FEM) can only reduce the amount of blast testing required, as these necessitate fulfillment of the fundamental prerequisites of model verification and that of model validation.&#13;
Field tests are implemented for contact detonations as well as near-field blast scenarios and shock tube tests for far-field blast scenarios. However, these can be extremely resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative.&#13;
The concepts of dimensional analysis and similarity based on Buckingham’s Π-theorem (1914) have been applied in different fields. For applications to the phenomenon of shock wave propagation, Hopkinson-Cranz or cube-root scaling is a well-established concept. When it comes to scaling the structural response, research has predominantly focused on structures made of metallic materials. Scaled investigations with concrete or reinforced concrete (RC) structures remain limited. The lack of even the most basic guidelines (far from any ‘standardized scaling methods’ for blast tests) show that scaling as a method is not yet established in blast effects analysis.&#13;
In this preliminary study, we present a systematic approach and evaluation of scaling of blast effects analysis for RC slabs in order to develop guidelines for resource efficient testing methods. We study the blast scenario at two different scales. The focus of these investigations has been on evaluation of scaling of dynamics using pressure sensors, acceleration sensors and fiber optic sensing cables for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). Further, the resulting plastic behavior upon blast is characterized by distributed strain sensing (DSS) along the same cables.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">27th International Symposium on Military Aspects of Blast and Shock (MABS27)</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">27th International Symposium on Military Aspects of Blast and Shock (MABS27)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Colmar, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>Rene Costard</author>
    <author>Marcus Hering</author>
    <author>Sebastian Chruscicki</author>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Similarity and scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RC-slabs</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.2 Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
