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  <doc>
    <id>59851</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>021005-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>021005-12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>7</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Automated Wall Thickness Evaluation for Turbine Blades Using Robot-Guided Ultrasonic Array Imaging</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Nondestructive testing has become an essential part of the maintenance of modern gas turbine blades and vanes since it provides an increase in both safety against critical failure and efficiency of operation. Targeted repairs of the blade’s airfoil require localized wall thickness information. This information, however, is hard to obtain by nondestructive testing due to the complex shapes of surfaces, cavities, and material characteristics. To address this problem, we introduce an automated nondestructive testing system that scans the part using an immersed ultrasonic array probe guided by a robot arm. For imaging, we adopt a two-step, surface-adaptive Total Focusing Method (TFM) approach.&#13;
For each test position, the TFM allows us to identify the outer surface, followed by calculating an adaptive image of the interior of the part, where the inner surface’s position and shape are obtained. To handle the large volumes of data, the surface features are automatically extracted from the TFM images using specialized image processing algorithms. Subsequently, the collection of 2D extracted surface data is merged and smoothed in 3D space to form the outer and inner surfaces, facilitating wall thickness evaluation. With this approach, representative zones on two gas turbine vanes were tested, and the reconstructed wall thickness values were evaluated via comparison with reference data from an optical scan. For the test zones on two turbine vanes, average errors ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm were identified, with a standard deviation of 0.06–0.16 mm.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1115/1.4064998</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2572-3901</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Christian Hassenstein</author>
    <author>Thomas Heckel</author>
    <author>Ingimar Tomasson</author>
    <author>Daniel Vöhringer</author>
    <author>Torsten Berendt</author>
    <author>Jonas Wassermann</author>
    <author>Jens Prager</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Testing methodologies</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61638</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Automated self-adjustment of array probe with a robotic ultrasonic test system</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic testing of objects with complex geometries often requires the use of a robotic arm to position the probe perpendicular to the local surface. Using immersion makes it possible to test these objects with standard ultrasonic linear array probes. Here, the probe positions and orientations provided by the robot are used for merging the locally acquired image data into a 3D-reconstruction. The quality of this reconstruction is highly dependent on the alignment of the position of the physical probe with the position used in the digital model. For common industrial tools, the tool center point (TCP) is usually acquired using geometric features of the tools. However, for ultrasonic arrays in immersion, there is a water standoff between the probe and the test object, therefore the TCP is in free space in front of the array and cannot be acquired with the common method. To overcome this challenge, we propose a method that allows the robotic ultrasonic system to automatically self-adjust the position and orientation of the ultrasonic probe using a test block made of steel with defined geometric features as a target for referencing. For each of the six degrees of freedom, a scan and adjustment routine are established using the data based on the actual ultrasound characteristics of the probe. Given a coarse pre-definition of the tool position and the known target test block, minimal human interaction is required to supervise the adjustment method, leading to higher quality reconstructions than with manual adjustment.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 20th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT 2024), 27-31 May 2024 in Incheon, South Korea (WCNDT 2024)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?id=30309</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616387</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">20th World Conference On Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT 2024)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Incheon, South Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">27.05.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">31.05.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christian Hassenstein</author>
    <author>Philipp Daniel Hirsch</author>
    <author>Jonas Wassermann</author>
    <author>Thomas Heckel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT 4.0</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Robotics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61638/A20231101-2010_E_fromNDTnet.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
