<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>55054</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>306</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermal and fire characteristics of hydrogen jet flames in the tunnel at longitudinal ventilation strategies</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen leakage of vehicles in the tunnel is a great threat to the safety operation of the tunnel and longitudinal ventilation strategies have always been utilized to control the fire and smoke movement of rail transit, electric and fossil-fueled vehicles in the engineering field. It is in doubt whether the longitudinal ventilation strategy could still help to reduce the jet fire hazard of transportation with H2 power in the tunnel, considering the rapid development of the hydrogen energy. In present work, a numerical research on effects of longitudinal ventilation strategies on hydrogen jet flames in the tunnel is conducted. The results illustrate that longitudinal ventilation could affect the flame characteristics of jet flames greatly in the tunnel. The critical ventilation velocity increases firstly with the increase of hydrogen leakage rates and then changes little after a critical value. The predicted theoretical model of pool fires could well predict the critical ventilation velocity for hydrogen jet fires. With the increase of longitudinal ventilation velocity, maximum ceiling temperatures are decreased greatly. According to the heat releases, jet speeds and ventilation velocities, three kinds of flame bending characteristics of hydrogen jet fire could be observed due to different effects of the inertial force. At last, the stable thermal stratification could also be destroyed by large ventilation velocities but the corresponding ventilation velocity is far larger than the critical ventilation one. With the increase of longitudinal ventilation velocities, the height of thermal layer is reduced firstly and then maintained at a constant value.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Fuel</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0016-2361</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121659</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Y. Xie</author>
    <author>N. Lv</author>
    <author>X. Wang</author>
    <author>Dejian Wu</author>
    <author>S. Wang</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen leakage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tunnel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Jet flame</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Longitudinal ventilation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53660</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>125108</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>412</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental study and mechanism model on the ignition sensitivity of typical organic dust clouds in O2/N2, O2/Ar and O2/CO2 atmospheres</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To reveal and improve our understanding of the ignition behavior and mechanism, G-G furnace experiments of three typical organic dusts were performed to investigate the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) in O2/N2, O2/ Ar and O2/CO2 atmospheres with oxygen mole fraction from 8.4% to 50%. The experimental results were presented in oxygen-lean and oxy-fuel atmospheres to evaluate the ignition sensitivity of dusts in different atmospheres. It was found that CO2 is the strongest in terms of lowing the ignition sensitivity of the three dusts, and the dust explosion risk increases significantly with increasing O2 mole fraction for the three dusts through a logarithmically and significantly reducing MIT. However, for different dusts, inert gases show different suppression effects. In addition, a modified steady-state homogeneous ignition model was proposed and successfully applied to oxygen-lean atmospheres, and in oxy-fuel atmospheres, this model has also been improved to estimate the ignition mechanism. This ignition mechanism model could be used to successfully predict the minimum ignition temperature of high volatile dust under different inert atmospheres controlled by homogeneous ignition, which will provide a reference for the ignition hazard assessment of dust on hot surfaces.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Hazardous Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0304-3894</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125108</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">01.11.2021</enrichment>
    <author>D. Wang</author>
    <author>T. Ji</author>
    <author>Q. Jing</author>
    <author>W. He</author>
    <author>Z. Fan</author>
    <author>Dejian Wu</author>
    <author>X. Qian</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dust explosions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas explosions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Minimum ignition temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hybrid mixtures</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
