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  <doc>
    <id>60859</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>138</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characteristics of environmental stress cracking of PE-HD induced by biodiesel and diesel fuels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the context of the increasing effect of carbon dioxide emissions on the global climate biodiesel produced from renewable sources has emerged as a promising contender replacing fossil fuels, especially in long-range transport vehicles, using existing engines and infrastructure.&#13;
High-density polyethylene is one of the prevailing materials for pipe and container applications for storage and transport of such fuels, both, from fossil and renewable resources. The contact with the respective fuels raises questions concerning material compatibility as biodiesel exhibits significant differences compared to conventional diesel fuel affecting its sorption and plasticization behavior in polyethylene. In this study, its behavior with respect to environmental stress cracking, considered one of the most frequent damage mechanisms leading to failure of polymer parts and packaging, was evaluated using the well-established Full Notch Creep Test. This&#13;
approach allows for a detailed fracture surface analysis using imaging techniques, such as optical and laser scanning microscopy, as well as infrared spectroscopy. Comparing the environmental stress cracking behavior in standard surfactant solutions with that in biodiesel and diesel, respective crack propagation rates, showing different levels of acceleration, were determined and details of the underlying mechanisms could be revealed.&#13;
Furthermore, the specific infrared absorption of the biodiesel’s ester functionality allows its semi-quantitative determination on the fracture surface of the tested specimens after failure. Thus, a preferred uptake of sorptive fluids in the fracture zone due to local morphological changes of the polyethylene could be directly evidenced by infrared spectroscopy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymer Testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108547</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608591</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0142-9418</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Markus Schilling</author>
    <author>Niklas Marschall</author>
    <author>Ute Niebergall</author>
    <author>Volker Wachtendorf</author>
    <author>Martin Böhning</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Environmental stress cracking (ESC)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Full notch creep test (FNCT)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biodiesel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diesel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.3 Polymere Verbundwerkstoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.5 Materialmodellierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60859/pote138_108547_schilling_marschall_niebergall_wachtendorf-boehning.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63011</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>17</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>147</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier BV</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Lifetime prediction and degradation assessment of FKM and FFKM O-rings under high temperature thermo-oxidative ageing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To support the development of solar reactor technologies for hydrogen production, this study investigates the thermo-oxidative degradation mechanisms of fluorinated elastomers and predicts their lifetimes at high temperatures (200–300 ◦C) consistent with the application requirements. An accelerated ageing programme is conducted with FKM and FFKM O-rings and flat samples for up to 21 days. Optical microscopy is used to analyse the exposed seals’ morphological changes, while IR microscopy is utilised to investigate the underlying chemical degradation mechanisms of both elastomers. Findings suggest that FKM’s degradation arises from dehydrofluorination of the polymer, followed by chain scission and backbone cleavage as a result of the oxidation of newly formed C=C double bonds. FFKM’s degradation is primarily associated with chain scission, but there is also indication that post-curing processes may occur during material ageing. Furthermore, hardness, equilibrium compression set (CS), continuous compression stress relaxation (CSR) and leakage rate tests are used to evaluate changes in the mechanical properties and sealing performance of the elastomers. Equilibrium CS data is extrapolated using time-temperature shifts (TTS) and used to derive an end-of-life criterion of 75 % equilibrium CS, which correlates to leakage rates higher than a predetermined threshold. Service lifetime predictions of FKM and FFKM O-rings at several temperatures are performed and a seal operating temperature of 200 ◦C is suggested, which ensures reasonable O-ring replacement intervals of more than half a year in the solar reactor for both considered materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymer Testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108820</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-2348</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630112</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>E. Vega Puga</author>
    <author>Volker Wachtendorf</author>
    <author>Anja Kömmling</author>
    <author>S. Brendelberger</author>
    <author>Matthias Jaunich</author>
    <author>C. Sattler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluoroelastomer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Perfluoroelastomer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermo-oxidative ageing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lifetime prediction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Compression set</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.4 Sicherheit von Lagerbehältern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63011/Puga_2025_lifetime prediction and degr assessment of FKM and FFKM orings_PoTE.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63046</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>8719</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8728</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>97</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ACS Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Interlaboratory Comparison Reveals State of the Art in Microplastic Detection and Quantification Methods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this study, we investigate the current accuracy of widely used microplastic (MP) detection methods through an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) involving ISO-approved techniques. The ILC was organized under the prestandardization platform of VAMAS (Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards) and gathered a large number (84) of analytical laboratories across the globe. The aim of this ILC was (i) to test and to compare two thermo-analytical and three spectroscopical methods with respect to their suitability to identify and quantify microplastics in a water-soluble matrix and (ii) to test the suitability of the microplastic test materials to be used in ILCs. Two reference materials (RMs), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE) as powders with rough size ranges between 10 and 200 μm, were used to press tablets for the ILC. The following parameters had to be assessed: polymer identity, mass fraction, particle number concentration, and particle size distribution. The reproducibility, SR, in thermo-analytical experiments ranged from 62%−117% (for PE) and 45.9%−62% (for PET). In spectroscopical experiments, the SR varied between 121% and 129% (for PE) and 64% and 70% (for PET). Tablet dissolution turned out to be a very challenging step and should be optimized. Based on the knowledge gained, development of guidance for improved tablet filtration is in progress. Further, in this study, we discuss the main sources of uncertainties that need to be considered and minimized for preparation of standardized protocols for future measurements with higher accuracy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Analytical Chemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.analchem.4c05403</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-6882</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630462</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">false</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Dmitri Ciornii</author>
    <author>Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba</author>
    <author>Volker Wachtendorf</author>
    <author>Petra Fengler</author>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interlaboratory comparison</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PlasticsFatE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PET</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reference materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>VAMAS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermo-analytical methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spectroscopical methods</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Circular Economy</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63046/CiorniiEtAl_2025_AnalChem_MikroPlastic.pdf</file>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63046/ac4c05403_si_001 (2).pdf</file>
  </doc>
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