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  <doc>
    <id>36518</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>371</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>377</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>20</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor and Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London, UK</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of microalloyed HSLA steel weld metals</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Two high strength Nb/Ti microalloyed S690QL steels were welded with identical filler material, varying welding parameters to obtain three cooling rates: slow, medium and fast cooling. As cooling rate increased, the predominantly acicular ferrite in Nb weld metal (WM) is substituted by bainite, with a consequence of obvious hardness increase, but in Ti WM, no great variation of acicular ferrite at all cooling rates contributed to little increment of hardness. The transition between bainite and acicular ferrite has been analysed from the point view of inclusions characteristics, chemical composition and cooling rate. Excellent Charpy toughness at 233 K was obtained with acicular ferrite as predominantly microstructure. Even with bainite weld of high hardness, the toughness was nearly enough to fulfill the minimal requirements. WM for Ti steel showed to be markedly less sensitive to the variations of cooling rate than that for Nb steel.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Science and Technology of Welding and Joining</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1179/1362171815Y.0000000026</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1362-1718</identifier>
    <author>Lei Zhang</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Thomas Michael</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld metal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cooling rate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Charpy toughness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acicular ferrite</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>20107</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>75</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>80</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>258</volume>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e.V. (DVS)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Laserstrahl-MSG-Hybridschweißen mit hochlegierten Massiv- und Fülldrahtelektroden</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Die Verbindungs Spezialisten 2009 - Große Schweißtechnische Tagung (DVS-Berichte)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">22388</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-87155-584-8</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Die Verbindungs Spezialisten 2009 - Große Schweißtechnische Tagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Deutschland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2009-09-14</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2009-09-19</enrichment>
    <author>Stephan Lorenz</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Thomas Michael</author>
    <author>Andrey Gumenyuk</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>G. Posch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laserstrahl-MSG-Hybridschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochlegiert</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>1.4306</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AISI 304L</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Positionsschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metastabiler austenitischer Chrom-Nickel-Stahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metallurgie</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>47603</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>511</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>526</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>63</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin, Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hydrogen determination in welded specimens by carrier gas hot extraction - a review on the main parameters and their effects on hydrogen measurement</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) is a commonly applied technique for determination of hydrogen in weld joints using a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) for hydrogen measurement. The CGHE is based on the accelerated hydrogen effusion due to thermal activation at elevated temperatures. The ISO 3690 standard suggests different specimen geometries as well as necessary minimum extraction time vs. temperature. They have the biggest influence on precise hydrogen determination. The present study summarizes the results and experience of numerous test runs with different specimen temperatures, geometries (ISO 3690 type B and small cylindrical samples), and factors that additionally influence hydrogen determination. They are namely specimen surface (polished/as-welded), limited TCD sensitivity vs. specimen volume, temperature measurement vs. effects of PI-furnace controller, as well as errors due to insufficient data assessment. Summarized, the temperature is the driving force of the CGHE. Two different methods are suggested to increase the heating rate up to the desired extraction temperature without changing the experimental equipment. Suggestions are made to improve the reliability of hydrogen determination depended on the hydrogen signal stability during extraction accompanied by Evaluation of the recorded data. Generally, independent temperature measurement with dummy specimens is useful for further data analysis, especially if this data is used for calculation of trapping kinetics by thermal desorption analysis (TDA).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-018-0664-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">11.04.2019</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>C. Münster</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carrier gas hot extraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Experimental design</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal conductivity device</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53315</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>488</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>501</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Shaker Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düren</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Clausthaler Zentrum für Materialtechnik</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Konstruktive Einflüsse bei der beanspruchungsgerechten Reparatur geschweißter Bauteile aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Für eine nachhaltige und ressourceneffiziente Fertigung von Windkraftanlagen ist der Einsatz moderner hochfester Feinkornbaustähle vielfach notwendig. Bei der Montage hochfester Stahlkonstruktionen kommt es trotz anforderungsgerechter schweißtechnischer Fertigung vereinzelt zur Detektion von unzulässigen Unregelmäßigkeiten im Schweißbereich. Derzeitige Normen und Verarbeitungsrichtlinien geben hierbei kaum Informationen zu adäquaten Reparaturkonzepten, insbesondere für hochfeste Stähle. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) bauteilrelevante Untersuchungen zu den schweißbedingten Beanspruchungen und Gefügeveränderungen bei der schweißtechnischen Reparatur durch lokales thermisches Ausfugen und erneutes Schweißen durchgeführt.&#13;
Hierzu werden einige wesentliche Ergebnisse an Beispielen des Ingenieurbaus, mit Blick auf die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften und Eigenspannungen erörtert. In einem aktuellen Vorhaben (FOSTA P1311, IGF 20162N) sind darauf aufbauend die Einflüsse durch die Schrumpfbehinderung und Wärmeführung beim Reparaturschweißen hochfester Feinkornbaustähle (S500MLO, S960QL) sowie die Reparaturzyklenanzahl Fokus systematischer Untersuchungen. Mittels strukturmechanischer Berechnungen ließen sich hierzu selbstbeanspruchende Probenformen identifizieren, die unterschiedliche definierte Steifigkeitsverhältnisse von Reparaturschweißnähten realer Bauteile abbilden. Schweißnähte an diesen bauteilähnlichen Proben weisen signifikant erhöhte schweißbedingte Beanspruchungen mit zunehmenden (Biege-)Einspanngraden auf. Im Vergleich mit bisherigen Erkenntnissen wird gezeigt, dass eine sichere Reparatur solcher Schweißnähte nur mittels optimaler Reparaturkonzepte und Wärmeführung gelingt, um diesen hohen Beanspruchungen und auch den speziellen Gefügen hochfester Stähle Rechnung zu tragen.&#13;
Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es letztlich, Empfehlungen für beanspruchungs- und werkstoffgerechte Reparaturkonzepte gerade für KMU abzuleiten, um Schäden und zumeist teure Nacharbeiten zu vermeiden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband 4. Symposium Material Technik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2364-0804</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8440-8021-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4. Niedersächsisches Symposium Materialtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.02.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.02.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Amadeus Becker</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Thomas Michael</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eigenspannungen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gefügedegradation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reparatur</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53900</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>15</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>20</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Stahlinstitut VDEh</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Wasserstoffunterstützte Kaltrissbildung in Schweißnähten hochfester Stahlgüten - Anforderungen an die Prüfung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Wasserstoff kann eine Rissbildung u.U. auch noch nach Tagen in der Schweißnaht bewirken. Dabei stellen höherfeste Stähle etablierte Kaltrissprüftests vor Herausforderungen. Generell nimmt die zur Rissvermeidung tolerierbare Wasserstoffkonzentration mit zunehmender Festigkeit der Werkstoffe ab. Zudem verändern weiterentwickelte Schweißverfahren die Nahtgeometrie und Wärmeeinbringung und die Ausbildung risskritischer Mikrostrukturen (z.B. Wärmeeinflusszone). Am Beispiel des Implant- und Tekken-Tests werden die Einsatz- u. Anwendungsgrenzen bewertet. Zu berücksichtigen ist, dass beim Schweißen eine äußere mechan. Beanspruchung durch bauteilspezifische Steifigkeitsverhältnisse wirksam ist. Zusätzlich werden weiterführende Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Wasserstoffkonzentration und -diffusion in Schweißnähten vorgestellt, wie die Trägergasheißextraktion (TGHE) für die Ermittlung der Wasserstoffkonzentration (ISO 3690) oder Hochtemperaturdiffusionskoeffizienten.&#13;
Diese Werte sind für die schweißtechnische Praxis von großer Bedeutung, um Haltezeiten z.B. für das Wasserstoffarmglühen abzuleiten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2021 - Werkstoffe und Bauteile auf dem Prüfstand</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-941269-98-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.12.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.12.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kaltrissprüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfest</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60946</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>2024</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>International Association "Welding"</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Kyiv, Ukraine</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Challenges for testing hydrogen-assisted cold cracking in weld seams of high-strength steel grades</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen can cause weld cold cracking even days after fabrication. In this respect, higher strength steels present a challenge to established cold crack testing. In general, the tolerable hydrogen concentration for crack prevention decreases with increasing material strength. In addition, advanced welding processes require changes in weld geometry and heat input. This directly influences the formation of crack-critical microstructures, e.g. in hardened areas of the heat-affected zone. The limits of use and application of modern cold cracking tests are evaluated by (1) the externally loaded Implant-test and (2) the self-restraint Tekken-test. In particular, external mechanical stresses, which cause additional mechanical loads on the components during welding, must be considered due to the component-specific stiffness of high-strength steels. Accompanying test methods for&#13;
determining hydrogen concentration and diffusion in welds are presented, such as carrier gas hot extraction for determining hydrogen concentration (ISO 3690) or temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients. These values are of great importance for a holistic approach to the evaluation of the cold cracking sensitivity of high strength steels.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Paton Welding Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.37434/tpwj2024.08.01</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0957-798X</identifier>
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    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Anatoly Zavdoveev</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cold cracking test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52440</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1671</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1685</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>65</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part III - Assessment of residual stresses from small-scale to real component welds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For higher operational temperatures and pressures required in petrochemical plants, the modified 13CrMoV9-10 steel was developed providing high resistance against creep and compressed hydrogen. Extreme care during the welding procedure is necessary for this steel, attributed to low toughness, high strength in as-welded state, and increased susceptibility to stress relief cracking (SRC) during post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Previous research of SRC in creep-resistant steels discussed mainly thermal and metallurgical factors. Few previous findings addressed the influences of welding procedure on crack formation during PWHT considering real-life manufacturing conditions. These investigations focus on effects of welding heat control on stresses during welding and subsequent PWHT operations close to realistic restraint and heat dissipation conditions using a special 3D testing facility, which was presented in parts I and II of this contribution. Part III addresses investigations on residual stress evolution affecting crack formation and discusses the transferability of results from large-scale testing to laboratory-scale. Experiments with test set-ups at different scales under diverse rigidity conditions and an assessment of the residual stresses of the weld-specimens using X-ray (surface near) and neutron diffraction analysis (bulk) were performed. This study aims to provide a way of investigating the SRC behaviour considering component-specific residual stresses via small-scale testing concepts instead of expensive weld mock-ups.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-021-01101-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-524403</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.04.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Lausch</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>R. C. Wimpory</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep-resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stresses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post-weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress relief cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52440/Schroepfer2021_Article_InfluenceOfWeldingStressesOnRe.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50628</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>819</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>829</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>64</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part II - Mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Welding of 13CrMoV9-10 vanadium steel requires care due to an increased susceptibility to stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment. Previous research into the crack formation in creep-resistant steels has focused on thermal and metallurgical factors; however, little knowledge has been gathered regarding the crack formation during post weld heat treatment considering real-life restraint conditions. This work is subdivided in two parts. Part I showed that an increasing heat input during submerged arc welding under restraint led to an increasing stress level in the joint prior to the post weld heat treatment. The magnitude of stress relief cracking observed in the heat-affected zone after the post weld heat treatment is affected by the heat input. In Part II of this work, the cracks and the associated microstructure which occurred under restraint were studied. The application of a Special acoustic emission analysis indicated that the cracks formed in a temperature range between 300 and 500 °C during the post weld heat treatment. The toughness in the heat-affected zone of the restrained welds was affected by the welding heat input.&#13;
Microstructural analyses of all specimens revealed accelerated aging due to precipitation of carbides during post weld heat treatment under restraint.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-020-00881-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506283</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.08.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/53423</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Lausch</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep-resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress relief cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50628/Kromm2020_Article_InfluenceOfWeldingStressesOnRe.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50627</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>807</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>817</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>64</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part I - Effect of heat control on welding stresses and stress relief cracking</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The avoidance of failures during the fabrication or operation of petrochemical reactors made of creep-resistant, low-alloy steels as 13CrMoV9-10 requires still research despite over 60 years of international investigations in the field of stress relief cracking. The quality of modern base materials and filler metals leads to the fact that previously known crack causes, such as impurities of S or P, recede into the background. Rather, the causes are increasingly to be found in the fabrication process. Investigations on the influence of heat control on the stresses in welded components and thus on the stress relief cracking sensitivity under realistic manufacturing conditions are not yet available. This work is subdivided in two parts. Part 1 of this study focused on the effect of heat control during submerged arc welding on the stresses. For this purpose, a testing facility was applied, which allows to observe the forces and moments accumulating during welding or heat treatment in a component-like specimen under shrinkage restraint. The stress acting in the specimen increases with higher preheat/interpass temperatures and higher heat input. During the heat treatment, the stresses are relieved. Nevertheless, cracks are formed already during heating. The total crack length correlates with the heat input.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-020-00875-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506271</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.04.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/53421</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Lausch</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep-resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress relief cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50627/Kromm2020_Article_InfluenceOfWeldingStressesOnRe.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53421</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>corrigendum</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Correction to: Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep‑resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part I - Effect of heat control on welding stresses and stress relief cracking</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The article "Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part I - Effect of heat control on welding stresses and stress relief cracking" was originally published in the journal "Welding in the world" Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 64, issue 5, page 807-817 the authors decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Attribution 4. 0 International License.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-021-01166-4</identifier>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506271</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Lausch</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53423</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>corrigendum</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Correction to: Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep‑resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part II - Mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The article "Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part II - Mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment" was originally published in the journal "Welding in the world" Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 64, issue 5, page 819-829 the authors decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Attribution 4. 0 International License.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-021-01164-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506283</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Lausch</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>45358</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>P44</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Ocas</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hydrogen distribution in multi-layer welds of steel S960QL</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steels with yield strength ≥ 690 MPa have increasing importance in steel construction and civil engineering. However, weld processing of those steels is a major challenge. The susceptibility for degradation of mechanical properties of weld joints significantly increases in presence of hydrogen and can result in hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC). Generally, risk for HAC increases with increasing yield strength of HSLA steels. To minimize the incidence of HAC, it is essential to gain knowledge about both the (1) absorbed hydrogen amount and its distribution in the weld seam and (2) options to lower&#13;
the amount of introduced hydrogen. Existing standards recommend heat treatment procedures (interpass temperature or post weld heat treatment) to reduce the diffusible hydrogen concentration in weldments. In this context, different weld seam geometries should be considered. For HSLA steel fabrication weld processing with seam opening angles of 45° to 60° is typical. Modern weld technologies allow welding with seam opening angles of 30° - reduced welding time and costs. In the present study, the hydrogen distribution in multi-layer welds of a 960 MPa HSLA steel was analysed. Influence of different seam opening angles as well as heat input, interpass temperature and post weld heat treatments were investigated. The welded samples were quenched in ice water immediately after welding and subsequently stored in liquid nitrogen. After defined warming up, small specimens were machined from the weld seam by water jet cutting. The diffusible hydrogen concentration was measured by carrier gas hot extraction with coupled mass spectrometer. The results showed, that low heat input and post weld heat treatment procedures can lower hydrogen concentrations in welds. Furthermore, a gradient of the hydrogen concentration was&#13;
identified with increasing weld pool depth. By varying the seam opening angles different hydrogen concentrations were&#13;
measured.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Metals &amp; Hydrogen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-9-08179-422-0</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Third International Conference on Metals &amp; Hydrogen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ghent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.05.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">31.05.2018</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Hamza Yahyaoui</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen concentration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>carrier gas hot extraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>35390</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>201</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>216</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>60</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer-Verlag GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Institute of Welding</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hydrogen degradation effects on mechanical properties in T24 weld microstructures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Spectacular failure cases of fossil power stations in the recent years exhibited severe cracking in T24 welds. The results show that hydrogen-assisted cracking up to 200 °C cannot be excluded. Hence, it is important to gain a basic understanding on how hydrogen might affect the basic material properties in the respective weld microstructures. The present study focuses on hydrogen degradation of the respective weld microstructures, i.e., the weld metal and the coarse grained heat affected zone, where actually cracking appeared in practice. Tensile tests were carried out for coarse grain heataffected zone (CGHAZ) and the weld metal in uncharged and electrochemically hydrogen-charged condition. It turned out that both microstructures show distinct tendency for gradual degradation of mechanical properties in the presence of increasing hydrogen concentration. Already for a hydrogen concentration about and above 2 ml/100 g Fe, a significant ductility reduction has been observed. SEM investigations revealed that the fracture topography changes from ductile topography in uncharged condition to intergranular topography for the CGHAZ and to ductile-brittle mix for the weld metal (WM) in hydrogen charged condition. Ti-rich inclusions were identified as central regions of quasi-cleavage fracture areas in the WM. An approximation procedure is applied to quantify the degradation intensity.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-015-0285-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40194-015-0285-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">30.05.2016</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Jörg Steger</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low alloy steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat affected zone</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep resisting materials</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>43864</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>9</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>18</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>62</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Institute of Welding</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of welding parameters on diffusible hydrogen content in high-strength steel welds using modified spray arc process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to satisfy the growing requirements towards lightweight design and resource efficiency in modern steel constructions, e.g., mobile cranes and bridges, high-strength steels with typical yield strength ≥ 690 MPa are coming into use to an increasing extent. However, these steels require special treatment in welding. The susceptibility for degradation of the mechanical properties&#13;
in the presence of hydrogen increases significantly with increasing yield strength. In case of missing knowledge about how and the amount of hydrogen that is uptaken during welding, hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) can be a negative consequence.&#13;
Moreover, modern weld technology like the modified spray arc process enables welding of narrower weld seams. In this context,&#13;
a reduced number of weld beads, volume, and total heat input are technical and economical benefits. This work presents the influence of welding parameters on the diffusible hydrogen content in both (1) single-pass and (2) multi-layer welds. Different&#13;
hydrogen concentrations were detected by varied contact tube distance, wire feed speed, arc length, and varied arc type (transitional&#13;
arc and modified spray arc). The results show that all welding parameters have significant influence on the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the single-pass welds. By increasing the number of weld beads in case of multi-layer welding, the&#13;
hydrogen concentration has been reduced. Whereby, differences in hydrogen concentrations between both arc types are present.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-017-0535-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.04.2018</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MAG welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process parameters</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>47878</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>607</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>616</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>63</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Institute of Welding</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of heat control on hydrogen distribution in high-strength multi-layer welds with narrow groove</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steels with yield strength ≥ 690 MPa are gaining popularity in civil engineering and construction of heavy vehicles. With increasing yield strength, the susceptibility for degradation of the mechanical properties in the presence of diffusible hydrogen, i.e., hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC), generally increases. HAC is a result of the critical interaction between local microstructure, mechanical load, and hydrogen concentration. In existing standards for welding of HSLA-steels, recommendations including working temperatures and dehydrogenation heat treatment (DHT) are given to Limit the amount of introduced hydrogen during welding. These recommendations are based on investigations into conventional arc welding processes. In the past decade, modern weld technologies were developed to enable welding of narrower weld seams with V-grooves of 30°, e.g., the modified spray arc process. In that connection, a reduced number of weld runs and weld volume are important technical and, economic benefits. In the present study, the hydrogen distribution in S960QL multi-layer welds with thickness of 20 mm was analyzed. The influence of different weld seam opening angles, heat input, working temperature and DHT were investigated. The results show that weldments with narrow grooves contained an increased amount of diffusible hydrogen. Hydrogen concentration has been reduced by decreasing both the heat input and working temperature. Hydrogen-free weldments were only achieved via subsequent DHT after welding. Furthermore, hydrogen distribution was experimentally determined across the weld seam thickness in HSLA gas metal arc welded multi-layer welds for the first time.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-018-00682-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.05.2019</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Hamza Yahyaoui</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GMAW</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51533</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1997</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2009</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>64</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hydrogen-assisted cracking in GMA welding of high-strength structural steels using the modified spray arc process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High-strength structural steels are used in machine, steel, and crane construction with yield strength up to 960 MPa. However, welding of these steels requires profound knowledge of three factors in terms of avoidance of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC): the interaction of microstructure, local stress/strain, and local hydrogen concentration. In addition to the three main factors, the used arc process is also important for the performance of the welded joint. In the past, the conventional transitional arc process (Conv. A) was mainly used for welding of high-strength steel grades. In the past decade, the so-called modified spray arc process (Mod. SA) has been increasingly used for welding production. This modified process enables reduced seam opening angles with increased deposition rates compared with the Conv. A. Economic benefits of using this arc type are a reduction of necessary weld beads and required filler material. In the present study, the susceptibility to HAC in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the high-strength structural steel S960QL was investigated with the externally loaded implant test. For that purpose, both Conv. A and Mod. SA were used with same heat input at different deposition rates. Both conducted test series showed same embrittlement index “EI” of 0.21 at diffusible hydrogen concentrations of 1.3 to 1.6 ml/100 g of arc weld metal. The fracture occurred in the HAZ or in the weld metal (WM). However, the test series withMod. SA showed a significant extension of the time to failure of several hours compared with tests carried out with Conv. A.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-020-00978-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515330</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Hamza Yahyaoui</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GMA welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffusible hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Implant test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fractography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51533/Schaupp_2020_Hydrogen-assisted cracking.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56075</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Ghent, Belgium</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>OCAS</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental and numerical characterization of hydrogen diffusion in thick-walled submerged arc welded joint of S420G2+M offshore steel grade</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Offshore wind turbines are an important goal in national energy strategies worldwide. Foundation structures are manufactured from submerged arc welded (SAW) plates with thicknesses up to 200 mm. In that connection, high-strength steels like the S420G2+M are more and more applied offering the possibility for increased stability and load-bearing capacity of the foundations. These offshore steel grades can show a susceptibility for delayed hydrogen assisted cold cracking of the weld joints. For that purpose, a minimum waiting time (MWT) of up to 48 h (dependent on applied standards) is recommended before non-destructive testing is allowed and conducted. But this concept is based on older steel grades that have been used for three or more decades. Nowadays, the metallurgical improvements (clean steels, proper rolling, and heat treatment) of base materials and well as welding consumables must be anticipated. Hence, the MWT concept should be critically discussed as it is assumed to be very conservative. For that reason, the focus of this study was to investigate the diffusion behavior in S420G2+M steel and its multi-layer SAW joint. Electrochemical permeation experiments were carried at room temperature. Boundary conditions were anticipated in terms of using different sample thicknesses. From the experimental data, hydrogen diffusion coefficients and absorbed diffusible hydrogen concentrations had been calculated. It was shown that hydrogen diffusion in the base material is increased compared to the weld metal. In addition, the sample thickness had a significant on the calculated diffusion coefficients. The minimum and maximum diffusion coefficients had been used for numerical modelling of the hydrogen diffusion in the welding joint. It became clear that a MWT must be always regarded together with a critical initial diffusible hydrogen concentration for the evaluation of a possible delayed cracking as diffusion times were mostly &gt; 48 h due to the thick plates.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Metals &amp; Hydrogen</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th International Conference on Metals and Hydrogen - Steely &amp; Hydrogen 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ghent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Submerged arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Minimum waiting time</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemical permeation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55946</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>69</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>75</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>382</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>DVS Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Untersuchung von Spannungsrelaxationsrissmechanismen mittels Simulation einachsiger Spannungszustände in der Grobkornzone von UP-geschweißtem CrMoV-Stahl</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Druckbehälter mit großen Wandstärken (250+ mm) aus hochwarmfesten, niedriglegierten Stählen werden hauptsächlich Mehrdraht-Unterpulver-(UP) geschweißt. Der damit verbundene hohe Energieeintrag führt unter anderem zu hohen lokalen Schweißeigenspannungen, welche bei unsachgemäßer Prozessführung der notwendigen Wärmenachbehandlung (PWHT) zu Spannungsrelaxationsrissen (SRR) führen. In den Bewertungskriterien zur Spannungsrelaxationsrissanfälligkeit finden weder die, mit klassischen, freischrumpfenden Schweißversuchen nicht abbildbaren, erhöhten Eigenspannungen aus der Schrumpfbehinderung der Bauteilsteifigkeit Beachtung, noch die damit einhergehenden metallurgischen Effekte wie bspw. das Ausscheidungswachstum während der PWHT und damit einhergehende Härteunterschiede an den Korngrenzen bzw. die vorzeitige Alterung durch Bildung differenter Sonderkarbide. Die Aufheizrate des PWHT als Einflussfaktor für die SRR-Bildung bleibt derzeit ebenfalls unbeachtet.&#13;
Daher wurde eine Versuchsmethodik entwickelt, die eine mögliche SRR-Anfälligkeit durch die Kopplung von thermischer und mechanischer Beanspruchung untersucht. Dazu wurden Proben mit unterschiedlichen Gefügen thermisch simuliert und während des PHWT repräsentativ mit sehr hohen Lasten/Eigenspannungen mechanisch beansprucht.&#13;
Dazu wurde an Kleinzugproben für das as-welded UP-Schweißgut und die thermisch simulierte GKZ eines 13CrMoV9-10 die Dehnung des Prüfbereichs bei variablen Querspannungen und Aufheizraten gemessen. Diese aufheizraten- und gefügeabhängige Längenänderung der Probe wurde durch mathematische Prozeduren analysiert. Damit war es möglich, singuläre werkstoffliche Effekte auf μm-Ebene (Ausscheidungswachstum) als summarische Längen- bzw. Volumenänderung per klassischer Kurvendiskussion zu beschreiben. Die erste und zweite Ableitung zeigten eine ausscheidungsabhängige Härtezunahme, welche von der Spannung und Aufheizrate im geringen Maß linear abhängig war. Gleichzeitig sind Volumenänderungen bei Bildung und Wachstum differenter Sonderkarbide bekannt, welche zusammen mit gefügespezifischen Untersuchungen und der neuen Versuchsmethodik zu einer verbesserten Beurteilung der SRR-Anfälligkeit von geschweißten CrMoV-Stählen beitragen sollen. Prinzipiell ist die vorgestellte Methodik jedoch werkstoff- und zustandsoffen, d.h. sowohl für Grundwerkstoff e als auch definierte Wärmebehandlungsbedingungen geeignet. Dies ermöglicht erstmals die Schaffung einer Transfergröße zwischen Labor und realen Schweißungen, unter Beibehaltung der Bauteilsteifigkeit, d.h. vereinfachte, aber realistische Eigenspannungsabbildung als Grundlage für weitergehende gefügespezifische metallurgische Effekte während des PWHT.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS Berichte 382: DVS CONGRESS 2022 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung DVS CAMPUS</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-190-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Congress 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Koblenz, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <author>Denis Czeskleba</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>UP-Schweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spannungsrelaxationsriss</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wärmenachbehandlung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ersatzgeometrie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prüfverfahren</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59676</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Call for interested people to contribute to series of comprehensive papers on welding and joining of components for sustainable energy systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Joining and welding technologies are of high importance for the manufacturing of components and parts used in sustainable energy generation, conversion, and transport. In that connection, offshore and on-shore installed wind turbines are of high interest for the generation of electrical energy as well as photo-voltaic systems (solar cells). The electricity can be either directly transported or conversed via power-to-gas e.g., to hydrogen. In that scope, electrolyzer up to MW-range are of interest as well as the conver-sion back to electricity via fuel cells. In addition, hydrogen is a key element of the decarburization of in-dustries as well as the mobility sector encompassing sea, air and land transportation driven by hydrogen or its derivates. Well-known examples cover the direct reduction of iron ore to replace the conventional blast furnace process up to gas turbines or fuel cells for home-end use. All mentioned technologies re-quire reliable components, which are to a high extend dependent on joining and especially welding pro-cessing of materials. Especially, the (petro-) chemical industry has many years of experience with both materials used in hydrogen applications. The challenge is e.g., the transition to mass production of sys-tem components of electrolyzers/fuel cells and for distribution grids. At this point, the scalability of cur-rently applied joining processes often limits the economic efficiency, whereas especially laser welding or additive manufacturing will be of high interest. In that connection, it is very important to provide answers by joint research of universities, institutes, and industrial companies. Very often, solutions are already available and “just” have to be investigated and adapted for the new application, like repair welding of NG pipelines. For that reason, we want to set up a series of comprehensive papers with the aforementioned title. The idea is to get an in-depth but manageable overview of the importance of joining technologies in sustaina-ble energy generation, conversion, and transport encompassing current processes, limitations, and fur-ther perspectives. In that connection, the additive manufacturing is gaining more and more attention. If applicable, current challenges in the adaption or creation of new standards/regulations shall be addressed.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IIW Intermediate Meeting, Com. II-A</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Incheon, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Comprehensive study</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component manufatcturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53370</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>612</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>624</pageLast>
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    <title language="deu">Fügetechnik in Wasserstofftechnologien - Forschungsbedarf für die Branche (Kurzversion)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Studie gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die jetzige Bedeutung der Fügetechnik in Wasserstofftechnologien und über zukünftige Forschungsbedarfe für die Branche in den einzelnen Technologiefeldern Wasserstofferzeugung, -speicherung, -transport und -nutzung. Fügetechnologien haben dabei wesentliche Bedeutung für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von technischen Komponenten der Wasserstofftechnologien. Die Schwerpunkte bzw. Forschungsbedarfe ergeben sich bspw. durch die Erstellung neuer Infrastruktur für Wasserstoffspeicherung und -transport sowie durch Umnutzung der bestehenden Erdgasinfrastruktur. Bei der Wasserstofferzeugung und -anwendung wird z.B. die Entwicklung effiziente Massenproduktionsmethoden von Elektrolyseuren und Brennstoffzellen einen wichtigen Meilenstein bilden und laserbasierte Fügetechnologien sind hier zum Teil schon etabliert. Die additive Fertigung nimmt dabei eine Querschnittsposition ein und besitzt hohes Anwendungspotential für die Zukunft z.B. für die Fertigung von Komponenten in Gasturbinen. Aus den technischen Fragestellungen und Forschungsbedarfen ergeben sich zudem Herausforderungen für die notwendige Neu- und Weiterentwicklung von technischen Regelwerken und Normen und den Eingang in die Aus- und Weiterbildung von fügetechnischem Fachpersonal.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS Berichte 371: DVS CONGRESS 2021 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung DVS CAMPUS</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-146-4</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Congress 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.09.2021</enrichment>
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    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fügetechnik</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Forschung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Werkstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bedarf</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
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    <title language="deu">Kurzbericht zum Projekt „Entwicklung von Wärmenachbehandlungskonzepten zur Vermeidung von Spannungsrelaxationsrissen an Bauteilen aus hochwarmfesten Stählen“ (DVS-Nr. 01.2261 / IGF-Nr. 20171 N)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Komponenten aus dickwandigen, hochwarmfesten CrMoV-Stählen erfordern eine anspruchsvolle UP-Schweißverarbeitung. Dabei muss die notwendige Wärmenachbehandlung der Schweißnaht (PWHT) sicher beherrscht werden.&#13;
Hier kann u.U. Bauteilversagen infolge von Spannungsrelaxationsrissbildung (SRR) auftreten. Bislang erfolgt die Beurteilung der SRR-Neigung primär über Ersatzgrößen, wie temperaturbedingte Änderung der Härte und Duktilität.&#13;
Die Wirkung der konstruktiven Schrumpfbehinderung einer Schweißnaht auf die SRR ist bislang völlig unbekannt.&#13;
Hier setzt das Forschungsprojekt an, hinsichtlich der Gewinnung und Optimierung der Parameter für die PWHT unter realitätsnahen Bauteilsteif igkeiten (def inierte Einspannbedingung) mit dem Ziel der SRR-Vermeidung. Am Beispiel des niedriglegierten, hochwarmfesten Stahls 13CrMoV9-10 wurden UP- Schweißungen unter industriepraktischen Bedingungen freischrumpfend bzw. unter definierter Schrumpfbehinderung durchgeführt. Diese wurden mit unterschiedlichen PWHT-Szenarien (Variation der Auf heizrate und Endtemperatur) beaufschlagt. Die Ergebnisse des Projektes DVS 01.2261 / IGF 20171 N werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt, wie Aussagen zur SRR-Suszeptibilität in Abhängigkeit von Mikrostruktur und vorliegender mehrachsiger mechanischer Beanspruchung der Schweißnaht vor/während des PWHT. Für einen kritischen Zustand sind hohe Kräfte / Spannungen notwendig, die in freischrumpfenden Schweißversuchen u.U. nicht abbildbar sind. Die Berücksichtigung des mikrostrukturspezifischen Ausscheidungsverhaltens (in Schweißgut und Wärmeeinflusszone) unter realitätsnahen Einspannbedingungen ist für die Bewertung einer SRR-Suszeptibilität notwendig. Instrumentierte Schweißversuche unter definierter Schrumpfbehinderung ermöglichen hier das Monitoring der entstehenden Reaktionskräfte, -momente bzw. -spannungen. Ausgehend von diesem Referenzzustand erfolgte die Applikation der PWHT-Szenarien bzw. deren praktische Überprüfung. Zusätzlich wurde eine Ersatzprüfmethodik entwickelt, die die Betrachtung der mikrostrukturspezifischen SRR-Suszeptibilität unter Beibehaltung der äußeren Schrumpfbehinderung der Schweißnaht während des PWHT ermöglicht. Hierdurch wird die Bauteilübertragbarkeit ermöglicht und eine Transfergröße geschaffen, welche die Bauteilbewertung hinsichtlich der SRR-Neigung umfasst.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS Berichte 382: DVS CONGRESS 2022 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung DVS CAMPUS</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-190-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Congress 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Koblenz, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.09.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Denis Czeskleba</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>UP-Schweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spannungsrelaxationsriss</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Forschungsprojekt</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dickblech</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wärmebehandlung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
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    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>131</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>137</pageLast>
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    <volume>382</volume>
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    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="deu">Experimentelle Bestimmung und thermodynamische Modellierung des Ausscheidungsverhaltens in der WEZ eines S690QL bei unterschiedlichen Mikrolegierungsrouten</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Für eine signifikante Festigkeitssteigerung von vergüteten, hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen mit einer Normstreckgrenze &gt; 690 MPa, ist die Zugabe von Mikrolegierungselementen, wie Nb und Ti, unerlässlich. Die Normvorgaben zur chemischen Zusammensetzung dieser Stähle (bspw. in DIN EN 10025-6) geben zur Erzielung der vorgeschriebenen Eigenschaften dabei oft nur Grenzgehalte für die Hersteller vor. Die Wirkung der Legierungselemente bzw. ihrer Karbide und/oder Nitride ist teilweise komplett konträr, insbesondere bei Auflösung und Wiederausscheidung in der WEZ bei identischem Schweißzusatz. Somit wird eine adäquate Vorhersage der Chargenabhängigkeit hinsichtlich der Schweißeignung und des Tragverhaltens der Schweißverbindung erschwert. Zuzüglich können moderne Schweißprozesse, wie MSG mit modifiziertem Sprühlichtbogen (mod. SLB) durch ihre hohe Wärmeeinwirkung die Phasenumwandlung in der Wärmeeinflusszone negativ beeinflussen. Eine unerwünschte Eigenschaft ist dabei die Erweichung (engl.: softening) der WEZ, wie auch u.U. der gegenteilige Effekt der Aufhärtung (engl.: hardening). Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Rahmen eines DFG-Vorhabens systematisch Mikrolegierungsrouten mit variierenden Ti- und Nb-Gehalten des hochfesten und vergüteten Feinkornbaustahls S690QL untersucht. Dazu wird das MAGSchweißen mit mod. SLB verwendet, welches durch hohe Abschmelzleistung gekennzeichnet ist und schmalere Fugenöffnungswinkel (α = 30°) ermöglicht. An diesen Schweißungen wird der Effekt der metallurgischen Zusammensetzung in Kombination mit hoher Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Ausbildung einer kritischen WEZ-Gefügezone mit Erweichung und/oder exzessiver Aufhärtung untersucht. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Phasenumwandlungen und das Ausscheidungsverhalten im Gefüge der Wärmeeinflusszone gelegt. Neben umfangreichen metallographischen Untersuchungen einzelner WEZ-Bereiche wurden, unter Variation der chemischen Zusammensetzung, thermodynamische Phasenberechnungen mittels ThermoCalc durchgeführt. Hierdurch wird ein Verständnis zur Phasentransformation und Ausscheidungswachstum und -auflösung während des Schweißens in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Abkühlbedingungen geschaffen. Das Ziel ist es, mittels erster Untersuchungen den Einfluss der Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Gefügeausbildung in der WEZ zu zeigen. Insbesondere wird hier auf die Auswirkung der unterschiedlichen Mikrolegierungskonzepte (Ti oder Nb) geachtet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS CONGRESS 2022 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung DVS CAMPUS</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-189-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-190-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS CONGRESS 2022 - Große Schweißtechnische Tagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Koblenz, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.09.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WEZ-Erweichung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ThermoCalc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermodynamische Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikrolegierungselemente</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Modifizierter Sprühlichtbogen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64132</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>330</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>340</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>401</volume>
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    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="deu">Wasserstoffdiffusion in hochfesten UP-Schweißverbindungen – einfacher als gedacht</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Hochfeste Baustähle werden im modernen Stahlbau aus wirtschaftlichen und konstruktiven Gründen zunehmend eingesetzt, z. B. im Gebäude-, Anlagen- oder Mobilkranbau. Durch den Einsatz von Stählen mit höheren 690 MPa) können durch die Reduzierung der Wanddicke erhebliche Gewichtsreduzierungen und geringere Verarbeitungskosten erreicht werden, insbesondere bei der Verwendung des Unterpulverschweißen (UP) durch seine hohe Abschmelzleistung. Aufgrund ihrer speziellen Mikrostruktur haben hochfeste Stähle eine begrenzte Duktilität und sind anfälliger für wasserstoffunterstützte Kaltrisse (HACC). Darüber hinaus führen große mittels UP geschweißter Blechdicken zu hohen Schweißeigenspannungen und langen Diffusionswegen für z.B. durch den Schweißprozess eingebrachten Wasserstoff. Abgesicherte Diffusionskoeffizienten für UP-Schweißungen dieser Festigkeitsklasse sind als Grundlage für die Abschätzung des Zeitintervalls einer möglichen verzögerten Kaltrissbildung oder für Nachwärmung zur Wasserstoffreduktion nur sehr begrenzt verfügbar. Aus diesem Grund wurden experimentelle Versuche zur mikrostruktur-spezifischen Diffusion in S690-Schweißungen durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein thermomechanisch (TM) gewalzter bzw. vergüteter (QL) Zustand dieses Werkstoffs betrachtet, sowie das jeweilige charakteristische Schweißgut und WEZ. Dazu wurden den Schweißmikrostrukturen lokal Proben entnommen und über Permeations- bzw. Warmauslagerungsversuche die gefügespezifische Diffusion von Raumtemperatur bis 400°C charakterisiert. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Effekten des Wärmebehandlungszustandes der Grundwerkstoffe auf die Diffusion in MSGSchweißverbindungen, zeigten die Wasserstoffdiffusionskoeffizienten über alle untersuchten Gefügezustände keine signifikanten Unterschiede, insbesondere nicht für die lokale WEZ diverser, untersuchter Streckenergiebereiche. Aus praktischer Anwendersicht können daher dickwandige UP-Verbindungen hinsichtlich einer verzögerten Wasserstoffdiffusion nur anhand der einfach ermittelbaren Diffusionskoeffizienten für den Grundwerkstoffkoeffizient beurteilt werden. Zudem zeigte sich, dass der unterschiedliche Walz- und Wärmebehandlungszustand (TM vs. QL) in UP-Schweißnähten eine untergeordnete Rolle für die Wasserstoffdiffusion und damit für die mögliche Zeitverzögerung der Kaltrissbildung hat. Ergänzende numerische Simulationen der Wasserstoffverteilung bestätigten das Verhalten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS Berichte, DVS CONGRESS 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-299-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.53192/DVSC20250330</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Congress 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Denis Czeskleba</author>
    <author>Muhammad Dary Irfan</author>
    <author>Karsten Wandtke</author>
    <author>Sebastian Kaiser</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Unterpulverschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffdiffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffunterstützte Kaltrissbildung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoffrisse</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>45271</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>144</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>Forschung für die Praxis P 1035</volume>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName>Verlag und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>FOSTA - Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e. V.</creatingCorporation>
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    <title language="deu">Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit geschweißter I-Träger aus hochfestem Baustahl durch verbesserte Ansätze zur Berücksichtigung von Eigenspannungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In vielen Bereichen des modernen Stahlbaus kommen geschweißte Vollwandträger, wie I-Träger zum Einsatz. Im Gegensatz zu Walzprofilen können die Bauhöhe, die Querschnittsform und die Blechdicken an die Beanspruchung angepasst werden, wodurch sich wirtschaftliche Vorteile erzielen lassen. Dabei werden heutzutage immer häufiger hochfeste Feinkornbaustähle mit (Mindest-) Fließgrenzen bis 690 MPa eingesetzt. Zur verbesserten Ausnutzung des Tragfähigkeitspotenzials geschweißter Profile aus diesen Stählen existieren keine geeigneten Modelle zur Erfassung der schweißfertigungsbedingten Eigenspannungen an realen Komponenten. Diese Daten werden durch konservative Annahmen angenähert. Die potentielle Tragfähigkeit geschweißter Konstruktionen wird daher in der Regel unterschätzt. Die Eigenspannungsannahmen in DIN EN 1993 basieren auf starken Vereinfachungen, bspw. im Rahmen sog. „Ersatzstabnachweise“. Diese setzen die Proportionalität der Eigenspannungsamplituden zur Fließgrenze voraus. Vergleichsrechnungen mit einem parametrisierten Eigenspannungsmodell zeigten mögliche Abweichungen in den berechneten Tragfähigkeiten über mehrere Knicklinien. Die Festlegungen hinsichtlich der anzuwendenden Knicklinie beeinflussen jedoch die Blechdicken und somit in erheblichem Maße auch die Fertigungskosten.&#13;
Als Optimierungsstrategie wurden in diesem Forschungsprojekt deswegen unterschiedliche anwendungsorientierte Modellansätze entwickelt, welche mithilfe nichtlinearer Traglastberechnungen, die höhere Ausnutzung von Tragfähigkeitsreserven ermöglichen sollen.&#13;
Forschungsziel war somit primär die Entwicklung und Bereitstellung entsprechender Berechnungsansätze. Experimentell wurde hierzu der Eigenspannungszustand von konventionell geschweißten Strukturen am Beispiel der im Stahlbau besonders häufig verwendeten I-Träger aus zwei gängigen Baustählen, einem unlegierten Baustahl S355J2+N und einem Feinkornbaustahl S690QL, erfasst und durch numerische Schweißstruktursimulationen ergänzt. Anschließend erfolgte die Ableitung eines vereinfachten Berechnungsmodells zur weiteren Berücksichtigung in nichtlinearen Tragfähigkeitsberechnungen. Die Erkenntnisse sollen in einen entsprechenden Anwenderleitfaden, herausgegeben durch das Technical Committee 8 der Europäischen Konvention für Stahlbau, einfließen und diesbezüglich als Orientierung einer möglichen zukünftigen Anpassung der Knicklinien in DIN EN 1993-1-1 dienen.&#13;
Im Projekt wurden die genannten Stähle in zwei typischen Dickenkombinationen von 25/15 mm und 20/10 mm (Gurt- und Stegbleche) zu Großprobekörpern „I-Träger“ unter industrienahen Fertigungsbedingungen mittels Metall-Aktivgasschweißen gefügt. Diese erzeugten die typischen Eigenspannungen, die in solchen Trägern nach der Fertigung vorliegen. Während des Schweißens wurden die Temperaturfelder durch Thermoelemente aufgezeichnet. Die Eigenspannungen wurden nach dem Schweißen experimentell durch eine Kombination aus mechanischem Zerlegen (Zerlegemethode) und anschließender mobiler Röntgendiffraktometrie (XRD) festgestellt. Der Einfluss der industriell üblichen Brennschnittkantenvorbereitung der Bleche auf die finalen&#13;
Eigenspannungszustände wurde experimentell zusätzlich an kleinmaßstäblichen Proben untersucht. Metallographische Analysen (Schliffbilder und Härtemessungen) komplettierten das experimentelle Programm der FE 2 (BAM, Berlin).&#13;
Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass beim mechanischen Zerlegen bereits ein Großteil der Eigenspannungen herausgelöst wurde. Eine Aussage zu den nahtnahen Zugeigenspannungen war allerdings erst durch die Überlagerung mit der XRD möglich. Dabei zeigte der S690QL überwiegend ein besseres Verhalten als der S355J2+N, welches sich unter anderem in abgesenkten Zugeigenspannungen im Verhältnis zur jeweiligen Fließgrenze äußerte. Die maximalen Eigenspannungen wurden dabei zumeist in der Wärmeeinflusszone (WEZ) der Schweißnaht gemessen, unabhängig von der eingebrachten Streckenenergie oder der Festigkeit des Grundwerkstoffs. Die baupraktische Annahme, dass die maximalen Eigenspannungen in Höhe der Fließgrenze vorliegen können, wurde nur in Einzelfällen und nur für den S355J2+N bestätigt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigten für die Druckeigenspannungen ebenfalls reduzierte relative Eigenspannungswerte des S690QL. Dies zeigt die notwendige weitere Optimierung bei der Wahl der Bewertungsansätze für Eigenspannungen auf die Tragfähigkeit.&#13;
Die erzeugten Messwerte dienten im weiteren Verlauf als Eingangswerte für die Modellentwicklung und die numerischen Simulationen an I-Trägern durch die FE 1 (LSH, Cottbus). Die numerischen Schweißsimulationen erfolgten in Simufact.Welding® für die Simulationsmodelle mit „klassischem“ Schweißsimulationsansatz sowie in Ansys® für vereinfachte Simulationen und Näherungsansätze. Die Modelle lieferten insgesamt vergleichbare Ergebnisse für die Längseigenspannungen mit teils jedoch erheblichen Unterschieden in den Rechenzeiten. Durch eine angepasste Vernetzung konnte die Rechenzeit in allen Fällen deutlich reduziert werden. Aufgrund der verwendeten Bauteilgrößen ist die Anwendung der Modellierung mit Volumenelementen allerdings meistens nicht praktikabel. Für typische Trägerschweißungen bieten stattdessen Querschnittsmodelle mit der Annahme eines verallgemeinerten ebenen Verzerrungszustands eine mögliche Alternative. Der Abgleich der Ergebnisse mit den Experimenten lieferte zusammenfassend überwiegend gute bis befriedigende Übereinstimmungen. Die experimentell festgestellten Tendenzen wurden dabei in allen Fällen richtig vorhergesagt.&#13;
Eine umfassende Bewertung der erzielbaren Genauigkeiten war bisher nicht möglich. Dies lag einerseits daran, dass die Datendichte der mit der durch die Zerlegung gewonnen Ergebnisse gering war. Anderseits lieferten die überlagerten Ergebnisse mit der XRD in Teilen, insbesondere in den interessierenden Druckbereichen, widersprüchliche Aussagen zum Eigenspannungseinfluss, was bisher nicht abschließend geklärt werden konnte. Darüber hinaus entstanden etwaige Abweichungen in den Simulationen auch durch die zugrunde gelegten Materialdaten selbst. Diese entsprachen Standarddatensätzen aus Materialbibliotheken. Die Skalierung dieser erfolgte gleichmäßig über den gesamten Temperaturbereich. Insbesondere für den S690QL existierten zu wenige belastbare Materialkennwerte.&#13;
Entsprechende Versuche konnten im Rahmen dieses Vorhabens nicht mit durchgeführt werden.&#13;
Dennoch konnten hinsichtlich eines vereinfachten Berechnungsvorgehens zur Berücksichtigung der Schweißeigenspannungen in Tragfähigkeitsberechnungen einige wichtige Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden. Auf Basis der in den numerischen Schweißsimulationsmodellen ermittelten plastischen Dehnungsmuster, auch „Eigenspannungsquellen“, wurde eine vereinfachte Simulationsvorgehensweise vorgeschlagen und verifiziert. Die dabei eingeführten Vereinfachungen wurden im Hinblick auf die Berechnung ausschließlich der plastischen Längsdehnungen bzw. der Längseigenspannungen gewählt. Die Anwendbarkeit ist daher auf ausreichend lange Schweißträger mit Längsnähten beschränkt. Einige Modellmodifikationen zur weiteren Vereinfachung bzw. Modellimplementierung in die strukturmechanische Berechnung an großen Komponenten wurden vorgestellt. Abschließend erfolgt die Einstufung in eine mögliche Knicklinie auf Basis eines mittels GMNIA (geometrisch und materiell nichtlineare Analyse mit Imperfektionen) Berechnungen simulierten Streubands der Tragfähigkeiten mittels Abaqus® und Ansys®. Die anfängliche Hypothese einer günstigeren Knicklinie eines S690QL im Vergleich zum S355J2+N wurde dabei rechnerisch bestätigt. Der experimentelle Nachweis mittels entsprechender Trägerfähigkeitsversuche ist allerdings noch ausstehend.</abstract>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-946885-32-0</identifier>
    <author>H. Pasternak</author>
    <author>B. Launert</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schweißeigenspannungen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerische Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Traglastverhalten</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>I-Träger</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfeste Stähle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59419</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>218</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>225</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>389</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation>Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und Verwandte Verfahren</contributingCorporation>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Mikrolegierungseinfluss auf das Ausscheidungsverhalten und die mechanischen Eigenschaften geschweißter hochfester Baustähle</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Mikrolegierungselemente, wie Nb und Ti, sind für die signifikante Festigkeitssteigerung von vergüteten, hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen mit einer Nominalstreckgrenze ≥ 690 MPa unerlässlich. Normvorgaben zur chemischen Zusammensetzung geben dabei nur obere Grenzwerte für die Hersteller vor. Weiterhin wirken sich bereits kleine Abweichungen in der Legierungsroute teilweise drastisch auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften aus. Somit wird eine adäquate Vorhersage der Schweißeignung und der Integrität der Schweißverbindung aufgrund der variierenden Mikrogefüge erschwert bis unmöglich. Unerwünschte Nebeneffekte sind die mögliche Erweichung der Wärmeeinflusszone (WEZ) als auch der gegenteilige Effekt der Aufhärtung. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden erstmals systematisch die unterschiedlichen Mikrolegierungsrouten mit variierenden Ti und Nb-Gehalten an Versuchsschmelzen untersucht. Die Stahlgüte S690QL bildet dabei die Grundlage der chemischen Zusammensetzung sowie der entsprechenden Wärmebehandlung. Zur Untersuchung der jeweiligen Schweißeignung wurden Dreilagen-Schweißungen mittels moderner MAG-Hochleistungsschweißprozesse durchgeführt und kritische Gefügebereiche mit hoher Erweichung/Aufhärtung identifiziert. Der Fokus der analytischen Betrachtungen lag hier auf der Identifikation der Phasenumwandlungen beim Abkühlen und auf dem metallurgischen Ausscheidungsverhalten. Zusätzlich wurden isotherme und nicht-isotherme Phasenberechnungen mit der Software Thermo-Calc durchgeführt. Mechanisch-technologische Untersuchungen zur Kerbschlagzähigkeit mittels Kerbschlagbiegeversuchen durchgeführt wurden, bestätigen dabei die Ergebnisse der thermodynamischen Simulation bezüglich des Ausscheidungsverhaltens während der Temperatur-Zeit Schweißzyklen. Daraus lässt sich der Einfluss der Wärmeeinwirkung beim Schweißen auf die Gefügeausbildung in der WEZ und der korrespondierenden mechanischen Eigenschaften qualitativ beschreiben.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS-Berichte</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-230-0</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Congress 2023 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WEZ-Erweichung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikrolegierungseinflüsse</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kerbschlagzähigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57600</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel (CH)</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of stress relief crack susceptibility of CrMoV steels coarse grain HAZ via simulation of uniaxial stress conditions during PWHT</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Creep-resistant steels such as the 13CrMoV9-10, used in the construction of thick-walled pressure vessels, are most commonly submerged arc welded (SAW). These steels can develop stress relief cracks (SRC) if the mandatory post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is performed improperly. Current PWHT parameters, such as heating rate and holding time at a specific holding temperature, are based on both empirical experience and conventional free shrinking welding experiments to characterize the SRC-susceptibility of the weld. These cannot adequately depict the higher residual stresses caused by the structurally induced stiffness of the surrounding construction. This study discusses the development of a repeatable, precise, and time-efficient methodology to study the effects of different stress levels and heating rates on the SRC susceptibility of the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ). For that purpose, samples were thermically treated to simulate a coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and subsequently exposed to representative levels of stress during the heating phase of a PWHT. The recorded stress and heating rate–dependent strains were mathematically analyzed via curve tracing/calculus to identify interdependent effects. This procedure facilitates the measurement of material characteristics such as carbide growth on grain boundaries at the µm-scale via an integrated value over the entire sample volume. The first and second derivatives show a slight, precipitate-dependent, increase in hardness of the sample, depending on the heating rate and applied stress. This new methodology generates an improved assessment of the SRC susceptibility of SAW microstructures of creep-resistant CrMoV steels.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-023-01539-x</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576007</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Denis Czeskleba</author>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Submerged arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep-resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress relief cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component-like test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57600/Czeskleba_CrMoV_SRC_PWHT_Simulated_HAZ_050623.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59198</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Component test for the assessment of delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking in thick-walled SAW joints for offshore applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Offshore wind turbines continuously increase in size and weight and demand adequate offshore foundations concepts like monopiles, tripods, or jackets. These components are typically constructed using submerged arc welding (SAW) with high-strength thick steel plates like the S420ML. During welding, the occurrence of delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) must be anticipated. HAC is a critical combination of the local hydrogen concentration within a susceptible microstructure under certain mechanical load, i.e., the occurring (welding) residual stresses. The welding sequence of the thick-walled plates complicates the residual stress distribution due to the necessary repeated thermal cycling, i.e., welding seam/layer deposition to fill the joint. For that purpose, SAW with two-wire-technique was used to weld a specially designed and prototype-like mock-up of a real component with a thickness of 50 mm, filled with over 20 passes and a seam length of 1000 mm. Additional welded stiffeners simulated the effect of a high restraint, to achieve critical HAC conditions. The necessity of a minimum waiting time (MWT) before the NDT can be conducted (to exclude HAC) was critically verified by the application of ultrasonic testing of the welded joint at different time-steps of the NDT of up to 48 h after the completion welding. The residual stresses were determined by a robot XRD goniometer. Tensile residual stresses up to the yield limit are found both in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone. Numerical modeling allowed the qualitative estimation of the hydrogen diffusion in the weld. No noticeable HAC occurrence was identified and confirms the high cracking resistance of the investigated material. Finally, the applicability of the MWT concept should be critically discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-023-01658-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591981</identifier>
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These components are typically constructed using submerged arc welding (SAW) with high-strength thick steel plates like the S420ML. During welding, the occurrence of delayed hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) must be anticipated. HAC is a critical combination of the local hydrogen concentration within a susceptible microstructure under certain mechanical load, i.e., the occurring (welding) residual stresses. The welding sequence of the thick-walled plates complicates the residual stress distribution due to the necessary repeated thermal cycling, i.e., welding seam\/layer deposition to fill the joint. For that purpose, SAW with two-wire-technique was used to weld a specially designed and prototype-like mock-up of a real component with a thickness of 50 mm, filled with over\u00a020 passes and a seam length of 1000 mm. Additional welded stiffeners simulated the effect of a high restraint, to achieve critical HAC conditions. The necessity of a minimum waiting time (MWT) before the NDT can be conducted (to exclude HAC) was critically verified by the application of ultrasonic testing of the welded joint at different time-steps of the NDT of up to 48 h after the completion welding. The residual stresses were determined by a robot XRD goniometer. Tensile residual stresses up to the yield limit are found both in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone. Numerical modeling allowed the qualitative estimation of the hydrogen diffusion in the weld. No noticeable HAC occurrence was identified and confirms the high cracking resistance of the investigated material. 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    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.01.2024</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Daniel Brackrock</author>
    <author>Denis Czeskleba</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cold cracking</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Minimum Waiting Time</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore steel grade</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component test</value>
    </subject>
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    <title language="eng">Thermodynamic prediction of precipitations behaviour in HAZ of a gas metal arc welded S690QL with varying Ti and Nb content</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For a significant increase in the strength of high-strength fine-grained structural steels with a nominal yield strength ≥690 MPa, the addition of microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti is required. The standard specifications for the chemical composition of these steels (e.g., in EN 10025-6) often only give the manufacturer limit contents to achieve the defined properties. The effect of the alloying elements in the heat affected zone (HAZ) is sometimes completely contrary.&#13;
This makes it difficult to adequately predict the batch dependency regarding weldability and the load-bearing behaviour of the welded joint. Three different micro-alloyed steels of the grade S690QL were produced on a laboratory scale, focusing on different Nb and Ti contents. To investigate the tempering effect, these were gas metal arc welded in three layers. In addition to metallographic investigations of individual HAZ areas, thermodynamic phase calculations were carried out using Thermo-Calc, following variations in the chemical composition. This provides an understanding of phase transformation, precipitation growth, and dissolution during welding as a function of temperature and cooling conditions. The results show&#13;
a divergent metallurgical behaviour in the HAZ of the three different micro-alloyed steels. Thereby, the Ti micro-alloyed grade showed a strong softening of the HAZ in contrast to the Nb micro-alloyed grade. This can be attributed to a contrary precipitation behaviour during welding.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World, The International Journal of Materials Joining</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-023-01550-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579988</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">31.07.2023</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength structural steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas metal arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HAZ-softening</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microalloying influences</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermodynamic simulation</value>
    </subject>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
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    <type>article</type>
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    <title language="eng">Influence of microalloying on precipitation behavior and notch impact toughness of welded high‑strength structural steels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti are essential to increase the strength of quenched and tempered high-strength low alloy (HSLA) structural steels with nominal yield strength ≥ 690 MPa and their welded joints. Standards such as EN 10025–6 only specify limits or ranges for chemical composition, which leads to variations in specific compositions between steel manufacturers. These standards do not address the mechanical properties of the material, and even small variations in alloy content can significantly affect these properties. This makes it difficult to predict the weldability and integrity of welded joints, with potential problems such as softening or excessive hardening of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). To understand these metallurgical effects, previous studies have investigated different microalloying routes with varying Ti and Nb contents using test alloys. The high-strength quenched and tempered fine-grained structural steel S690QL is the basic grade regarding chemical composition and heat treatment. To evaluate weldability, three-layer welds were made using high-performance MAG welding. HAZ formation was investigated, and critical microstructural areas were identified, focusing on phase transformations during cooling and metallurgical precipitation behavior. Isothermal thermodynamic calculations for different precipitations were also carried out. Mechanical properties, especially Charpy notch impact toughness, were evaluated to understand the influence of different microalloys on the microstructure of the HAZ and mechanical properties.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World, The International Journal of Materials Joining</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-024-01827-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608548</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.09.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength structural steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas metal arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HAZ-softening</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Notch impact toughness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microalloying influences</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermodynamic simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60854/s40194-024-01827-0.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58309</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>435</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>442</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>389</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>DVS Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Zuverlässige Wasserstoff Bestimmung in Metallen und ihren Schweißverbindungen: Parameter, Einflüsse, Grenzen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Zuge der wasserstoffbasierten Energiewirtschaft von morgen, kommt der Errichtung der dementsprechenden Infrastruktur die zentrale Rolle zu. Der überwiegende Teil bisher eingesetzter und meist geschweißter Werkstoffe, wie Stähle, kann unter bestimmten Bedingungen zur Wasserstoffversprödung neigen. Dies umfasst die klassische verzögerte Kaltrissbildung während der Schweißverarbeitung als auch Versprödungsphänomene während des Betriebs. Für die Bewertung eines jeden Wasserstoffeffektes auf bspw. die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines geschweißten metallischen Werkstoffes, muss der Wasserstoffgehalt präzise bestimmt werden, Im Fall von Schweißnähten ist die beispielsweise nach der ISO 3690, die klassische isotherme Trägergas-Heißextraktion (TGHE). Die TGHE basiert dabei auf der beschleunigten Wasserstoffentgasung aufgrund der thermischen Aktivierung des Wasserstoffs bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Neben der reinen Quantifizierung des Wasserstoffs, kann über die thermische Desorptionsanalyse (TDA) mit variierten Heizraten, der Bindungszustand an mikrostrukturellen Defekten im Material festgestellt und bewertet werden. Für beide Techniken sind experimentelle und messtechnische Einflüsse zu beachten, die großen Effekt auf das Ergebnis haben. Für die TGHE schlägt die ISO 3690 schlägt beispielswiese verschiedene Probengeometrien sowie Mindestextraktionszeiten vor. Die vorliegende Studie fasst Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen zahlreicher Untersuchungen an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) mit unterschiedlichen Probentemperaturen und Geometrien (ISO 3690 Typ B und zylindrische TDA-Proben) zusammen hinsichtlich: Einfluss der Probenoberfläche (poliert/geschweißt), Messgenauigkeiten in Abhängigkeit des Probenvolumens sowie die unzureichende Überwachung des Effektes des PI-Reglers auf die Extraktionstemperatur. Insbesondere eine abweichende Extraktionstemperatur zur eingestellten Temperatur, kann die Messergebnisse wesentlich verfälschen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen werden Methoden aufgezeigt, um schnell die gewünschte Extraktionstemperatur zu erreichen, ohne physisch in das Messequipment eingreifen zu müssen. Dies dient der wesentlichen Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit der Wasserstoffmessung durch erhöhte Signalstabilität und beschleunigte Wasserstoffdesorption. Im Allgemeinen ist eine unabhängige Temperaturmessung mit Dummy-Proben für die gewählte Heizprozedur angeraten, um mögliche unerwünschte Temperatureinflüsse bereits vor der Messung auszuschließen. Die beschriebenen Methoden können ohne großen Aufwand direkt in die industrielle Anwendung überführt werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DVS Berichte 389: DVS CONGRESS 2023 Große Schweißtechnische Tagung DVS CAMPUS</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-230-0</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Congress 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wasserstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Forschung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ISO 3690</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>37890</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>517</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>524</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2016</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Ernst &amp; Sohn</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Welding Residual Stresses in High-strength Steel. Experimental Results</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This article presents the latest results of an ongoing national research project on improved models for the prediction of welding residual stresses of thick-plated welded I-girders. The experimental program is presented and the importance of different influencing factors on the residual stresses is discussed in detail. All results are compared for mild (S355J2+N) and high strength (S690QL) steel. Finally, conclusions for further works are drawn.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SDSS 2016 - The International Colloquium on Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-92-9147-133-1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">SDSS 2016 - The International Colloquium on Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures - SDSS 2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Timisoara, Romania</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">30.05.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">01.06.2016</enrichment>
    <author>B. Launert</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>H. Pasternak</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual Stresses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-Strength Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>I-Girder</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component Test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>37888</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1139</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1146</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2016</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>CRC Press, Taylor &amp; Francis Group</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Boca Raton, FL, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual Stresses and Imperfections in Welded High-strength I-shape Sections</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This article addresses the imperfections caused by the weld assembly in I-shape sections made of two structural steel grades. Load influencing imperfections are assumed as deviations from the ideal shape (e.g. bending distortion) and longitudinal residual stresses. The quality of a numerically aided design of components exposed to either compression and/or bending is significantly affected, depending on these parameters. The Eurocode (EC3) provides robust simplified models. As a result, the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) is approached on a conservative basis. The following investigations are aimed at providing further guidance on these values in component-like specimens. The long term goal is an improved understanding of the load-bearing capacity of such sections. As a first step in this process, the experimental and corresponding numerical studies are presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-138-02927-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">6th International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2016)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Cape Town, South Africa</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.09.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.09.2016</enrichment>
    <author>H. Pasternak</author>
    <author>B. Launert</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual Stresses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical Modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Component</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58006</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>332</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>343</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Shaker Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Clausthaler Zentrum für Materialtechnik</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einfluss unterschiedlicher Mikrolegierungsrouten eines S690QL auf das Ausscheidungsverhalten in der Wärmeeinflusszone</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Mikrolegierungselementen, wie Nb und Ti sind für eine signifikante Festigkeitssteigerung von vergüteten, hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen mit einer Nominalstreckgrenze ≥ 690 MPa unerlässlich. Normvorgaben zur chemischen Zusammensetzung dieser Stähle geben zur Erzielung der vorgeschriebenen Eigenschaften dabei oft nur Grenzgehalte für die Hersteller vor. Die Wirkung der Mikrolegierungselemente bzw. ihrer Karbide und/oder Nitride ist teilweise komplett konträr, insbesondere bei Auflösung und Wiederausscheidung in der WEZ bei identischem Schweißzusatz. Somit wird eine adäquate Vorhersage der Chargenabhängigkeit hinsichtlich der Schweißeignung und des Tragverhaltens der Schweißverbindung erschwert. Eine unerwünschte Eigenschaft ist dabei die Erweichung der WEZ, wie auch u.U. der gegenteilige Effekt der Aufhärtung.&#13;
Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Rahmen eines DFG-Vorhabens systematisch Mikrolegierungs-routen mit variierenden Ti- und Nb-Gehalten des hochfesten und vergüteten Feinkornbaustahls S690QL untersucht. Dazu wird das MAG-Schweißen mit modifizierten Sprühlichtbogen verwendet, welches durch hohe Abschmelzleistung gekennzeichnet ist und schmalere Nahtöffnungswinkel (α = 30°) ermöglicht. An Dreilagen-Schweißungen wird der Effekt der metallurgischen Zusammensetzung in Kombination mit hoher Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Ausbildung einer kritischen WEZ-Gefügezone mit Erweichung und/oder exzessiver Aufhärtung untersucht. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Phasenumwandlungen und das Ausscheidungsverhalten im Gefüge der Wärmeeinflusszone gelegt. Neben umfangreichen metallographischen Untersuchungen einzelner WEZ-Bereiche wurden, unter Variation der chemischen Zusammensetzung,&#13;
thermodynamische Phasenberechnungen mittels Thermo-Calc durchgeführt. Hierdurch wird ein Verständnis zur Phasentransformation und Ausscheidungswachstum und -auflösung während des Schweißens in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Abkühlbedingungen geschaffen. Das Ziel ist es, den Einfluss der Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Gefügeausbildung in der WEZ und dessen mechanischer Eigenschaften zu analysieren. Insbesondere wird hier auf die Auswirkung der unterschiedlichen Mikrolegierungskonzepte (Ti oder Nb) geachtet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband, 5. Symposium Materialtechnik. Fortschrittsberichte der Materialforschung und Werkstofftechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8440-9105-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">5. Symposium Materialtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.02.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.02.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>WEZ Erweichung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermodynamische Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikrolegierungseinfluss</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schweißen von hochfesten FKB</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62262</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Repair Welding of In-Service Hydrogen Pipelines - Concepts and Challenges</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen is set as the energy carrier of tomorrow for a more sustainable fossil fuel free future. As this necessitates a reliable transport infrastructure, repurposing of the existing natural gas grid is planned. With regards to the well-known effect of hydrogen embrittlement, the compatibility of utilized materials must be investigated. First comprehensive studies on pipeline material hydrogen compatibility indicate that these materials can be applied to a certain extent. Nonetheless, the material compatibility is currently of high interest and focus of numerous research projects worldwide. However, pipelines require frequent maintenance and repair work. As part of these, in some cases it is necessary to do weldments onto pipelines while they are pressurized. This in-service welding introduces additional challenges for the material compatibility. Due to the resulting high temperatures, the metallurgical changes in the material and of course the presence of high-pressure hydrogen in the pipeline, additional investigations need to be conducted to ensure that no critical material degradation because of increased hydrogen absorption occurs and an overall material compatibility is given. For this reason, the present paper introduces in-service welding on pipelines. An overview of current research projects that deal with the application of in-service welding specifically on hydrogen pipelines and the emerging problems when applying these techniques on hydrogen pipelines is given. Methods of material testing, their limits and possible solutions are presented and discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of 2024 15th International Pipeline Conference (IPC2024) Volume 3</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7918-8856-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1115/IPC2024-133052</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2024 15th International Pipeline Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Calgary, Alberta, Canada</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">30.06.2025</enrichment>
    <author>Sebastian Kaiser</author>
    <author>Kjell Erxleben</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-Service</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>40190</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>637</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>648</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>61</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermal desorption analysis for hydrogen trapping in microalloyed high-strength steels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen can have an extreme degradation effects in steels, particularly concerning the mechanical properties. These effects can lead to hydrogen-assisted cracking in microalloyed high-strength steels during fabrication and/or operation in industrial applications. In order to study these effects, electrochemically charged tensile specimens were tested to elucidate the degradation of their properties. The carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) method, which functionally combines a mass spectrometer with a thermal desorption analysis (TDA) process, was used for the detection of ultra-low diffusible hydrogen concentrations in the material specimens. The mass spectrometer provided rapid and automatic determination of hydrogen concentration, whereas the TDA presented the activation energy within the respective test specimen at the specific temperature. Additionally, specimen temperature was carefully monitored to reduce the evaluation error for local effusion peaks. A quenching and deformation dilatometer was used for the analysis of typical heat-affected zones during the welding process for a high reproducibility of the homogenous microstructures that were studied. The present work shows the interaction between hydrogen and lattice defects in different microalloyed materials and heat-affected zones of weldable fine-grained steels. These steels were prepared in a quenched and tempered condition and in a thermo-mechanically rolled condition. These preparations were made according to German standard DIN EN 10025-6 and to DIN EN 10149-2, respectively. The trapping characteristics of two steel grades, S690QL and S700MC, were studied with respect to the activation energy dependent on carbon content and microalloying elements such as Ti, Nb, Mo, Cr, and V. The two steel grades exhibited several types of traps: carbide formations, dislocations, and/or grain boundaries were common, which can influence activation energy and hydrogen solubility. The type and dimension of inclusions or particles also affected the hydrogen trapping behavior. A decrease of carbon and specific alloying elements in thermo-mechanically hot rolled steels led to a change in the activation energy binding the trapped hydrogen. This thermo-mechanically hot rolled steel revealed an increased interaction between hydrogen and precipitations. The higher carbon content in the quenched and tempered steel led to a higher interaction between hydrogen and iron carbide, specifically in the martensitic phase. Furthermore, the trapping behavior in heat-affected zones showed a significant increase in activation energy, especially in the coarse-grained microstructure. These previously mentioned various effects were studied to better understand the degradation of mechanical properties in these two steels.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-017-0451-z</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">31.08.2017</enrichment>
    <author>Enrico Steppan</author>
    <author>Philipp Mantzke</author>
    <author>Benjamin Steffens</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microalloyed steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat-affected zone</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>31449</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>p28, 670</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>674</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>OCAS nv</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Approach for calculation of apparent hydrogen diffusion coefficients with permeation experiments in CrMoV steel weld joints</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Electrochemical permeation experiments were conducted at room temperature with the low alloyed creep resistant Steel grade T24 (7CrMoVTiB10-10). T24 weid metal specimens were machined from multi-layer manual TIG-welds. From the experimental data, apparent hydrogen diffusion coefficients are calculated for both. The diffusion coefficients varied distinctly with the used calculation method (classical time-lag and inflection point method). Derived from analytical calculation of the permeation transients, an adapted time-lag method is suggested for improved assessrnent of diffusivity. Additionally, the results indicated that the hydrogen diffusivity of the base metal (BM) is increased compared to the weid metal (WM).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Steel &amp; Hydrogen - 2nd International conference on metals and hydrogen (Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">34470</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-9081-7942-13</identifier>
    <note>Serientitel: Steely hydrogen conference proceedings – Series title: Steely hydrogen conference proceedings</note>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Steel &amp; Hydrogen - 2nd International conference on metals and hydrogen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Gent, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.05.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.05.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.09.2014</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Jörg Steger</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36454</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>623</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>638</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>60</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer-Verlag GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg, Germany</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Institute of Welding</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties of heat affected zone of a reactor pressure vessel steel grade</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The steel grade 20MnMoNi5-5 (according to German DIN standard or 16MND5 according to French AFNOR standard) is widely applied in (weld) fabrication of reactor pressure vessel components. Thus, a wide range of welding technologies (like submerged arc welding (SAW) or tungsten inert gas (TIG)) is used resulting in different heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructures. During weld fabrication, the weld joints may take up hydrogen. Especially, the HAZ shows an increased susceptibility for a degradation of the mechanical properties in presence of hydrogen. In addition, the hydrogen-assisted degradation of mechanical properties is influenced by three main local factors: hydrogen concentration, microstructure, and load condition. Hence, the base material (BM) and two different simulated non-tempered as-quenched HAZ microstructures were examined using hydrogen-free and hydrogen-charged tensile specimens. The results indicate that the effect of hydrogen on the degradation is significantly increased in case of the HAZ compared to the BM. In addition, hydrogen has remarkable effect in terms of reduction of ductility. It was ascertained that the degradation of the mechanical properties increases in the order of BM, bainitic HAZ, and the martensitic HAZ. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation showed a distinct change of the fracture topography depended on the microstructure with increasing hydrogen concentration in case of the as-quenched HAZ microstructures.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-016-0325-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40194-016-0325-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.11.2016</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Enrico Steppan</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Jörg Steger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pressure vessel steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat affected zone</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low alloy steels</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61488</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Local strain behaviour in cross weld tensile specimens of microalloyed high strength steels using digital image correlation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study specifically examines the role of the microalloying element titanium (Ti) in achieving the desired mechanical properties of quenched and tempered high-strength fine-grain structural steels, with a nominal yield strength of ≥ 690 MPa. Current specifications limit chemical composition only by defining upper thresholds, but even minor variations in Ti content can substantially alter mechanical properties. Consequently, accurate prediction of weldability and welded joint integrity becomes challenging, as variations in Ti lead to distinct microstructural characteristics, potentially causing undesirable softening or hardening effects in the heat-affected zone (HAZ).&#13;
&#13;
To address these complexities, two distinct titanium concentrations were systematically investigated for the first time using specially developed laboratory-cast alloys. Both alloying configurations were based on the standard S690QL grade, with consistent chemical composition and heat treatment parameters maintained across the samples.&#13;
&#13;
For the weldability analysis, three-layer welds were executed using gas metal arc welding (GMAW), allowing for the identification of critical microstructural zones within the HAZ that exhibit significant softening or hardening. The influence of the softened HAZ region on failure mechanisms was assessed through transverse tensile tests. Digital image correlation (DIC) was employed to capture local strain variations across different HAZ regions in situ. With a custom-developed mirror system, local strains in microstructural zones on both the top and bottom surfaces of the weld were recorded simultaneously. This setup enabled a detailed analysis of how weld seam geometry (e.g., V-groove configuration) influences strain gradients. Additionally, the investigation of localized deformation provided insights into how variations in Ti content within the HAZ affect global strain, fracture constriction, fracture location, and overall fracture behavior.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MPA Seminar 2024 Materials Processes Applications</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Stuttgart, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Marcel Giese</author>
    <author>Nina Schröder</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Daniel Kadoke</author>
    <author>Julius Kruse</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HAZ-Softening</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Image Correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross weld tensile test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>21219</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>204</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>210</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>52</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Hanser</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>München</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">In-situ-Analyse der Phasenumwandlungskinetik während des Schweißens</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Zugeigenspannungen, wie sie beim Schweißprozess durch inhomogene Temperaturverteilungen und Schrumpfungen hervorgerufen werden, können die Lebensdauer geschweißter Verbindungen signifikant herabsetzen. Eine neue und außerordentlich attraktive Methode, um Druckeigenspannungen bereits während des Schweißens gezielt einzustellen, gelingt mit sogenannten LTT (Low Transformation Temperature)-Legierungen. LTT-Legierungen weisen eine martensitische Phasenumwandlung bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen auf, wobei die damit verbundene Volumenexpansion zu einer Reduktion der Schrumpfeigenspannungen bzw. Erzeugung von Druckeigenspannungen führt. Zum direkten Nachweis der Phasenumwandlungen und der damit verbundenen resultierenden Schweißeigenspannungen wurden erstmals In-situ-Schweißexperimente unter Nutzung hoch energetischer, polychromatischer Synchrotronstrahlung (Weißstrahl) realisiert, um die Umwandlungskinetik während eines realen Schweißprozesses und die daraus resultierenden Schweißeigenspannungen zu analysieren. Es wird gezeigt, dass mit LTT-Legierungen signifikante Druckeigenspannungen in der Schweißnaht erreicht werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">MP materials testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">23616</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0025-5300</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.05.2010</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>J. Gibmeier</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>22164</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1149</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1152</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>63</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ synchrotron diffraction and digital image correlation technique for characterizations of retained austenite stability in low-alloyed transformation induced plasticity steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Direct measurement and quantification of phase transformation in a low-alloyed transformation induced plasticity steels depending on the tensile load as well as determination of the real true stress and true strain values were carried out in-situ using high energy synchrotron radiation. Digital image correlation technique was used to quantify more precisely the true strain values. The aim of the work was to obtain a better understanding of the phase transformation of commercial low-alloyed transformation induced plasticity steel depending on the true strain and true stress values.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Scripta materialia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">24667</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.007</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1359-6462</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1872-8456</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.10.2010</enrichment>
    <author>Stephan Brauser</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transformation induced plasticity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ synchrotron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Austenite stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital image correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23357</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>85</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>90</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>681</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Trans Tech Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Welding residual stresses depending on solid-state transformation behaviour studied by numerical and experimental methods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The development of high-strength structural steels with yield strengths up to 1000 MPa results in the requirement of suitable filler materials for welding. Recently designed low transformation temperature (LTT) alloys offer appropriate strength. The martensitic phase transformation during welding induces compressive residual stress in the weld zone. Therefore, the mechanical properties of welded joints can be improved. The present paper illustrates numerical simulation of the residual stresses in LTT-welds taking into account the effect of varying Ms/Mf-temperatures, and therefore different retained austenite contents, on the residual stresses. Residual stress distributions measured by synchrotron diffraction are taken as evaluation basis. A numerical model for the simulation of transformation affected welds is established and can be used for identification of appropriate Ms-temperatures considering the content of retained austenite.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials science forum</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">25935</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.681.85</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0255-5476</identifier>
    <enrichment key="zsBemerkung">Die Aufnahme ist grundsätzlich falsch, da es sich bei "Materials science forum" nicht um eine Zeitschrift handelt, sondern um eine Buchreihe. Da sehr viele Artikel an diesem Eintrag hängen, wäre die Korrektur aber extrem aufwändig.  Die Buchreihe findet sich in der Master Journal List bzw. in dem Journal Citation Report selbstverständlich nicht wieder, da es ja keine Zeitschrift ist. Allerdings wird die Buchreihe sehr wohl von Thomson-Reuters für Ihre Datenbank ausgewertet, als "Book Series". Daher muss sichergestellt werden, dass die dort erscheinenden Artikel auch für die "1000-Euro-Liste" berücksichtigt werden.  Die einfachste Lösung ist es, den Eintrag als Zeitschrift zu belassen, und das Häkchen bei "In MJL/CPCI von ISI enthalten" zu setzen. Das ist zwar formal nicht ganz korrekt, erzeugt aber das richtige Ergebnis.  Jan Harloff-Puhr 16.9.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.03.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Christoph Heinze</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Christopher Schwenk</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low transformation temperature filler material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Martensitic transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Retained austenite</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>24693</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>81</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>85</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>29</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Tokyo, Japan</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Yosetsu Gakkai</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ analysis of solid state phase transformation in TRIP-aided steels by synchrotron diffraction</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Energy dispersive synchrotron diffraction (EDXRD) analysis and 3 dimensional digital image correlations were conducted to investigate the stress and strain effected transformation behavior during tensile loading of low alloyed TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel. This technique allowed for phase specific stress measurement during certain tensile load steps in the elastic and also plastic regime. Additionally the simultaneous determination of the load dependent phase content was realized. The results show that the martensite transformation starts only after exceeding the overall yield point and is finished before reaching the uniform elongation, whereas a large portion of the austenite remains unchanged in the structure. Furthermore, the martensite transformation related to the stress in the γ-phase and α-phase was analyzed and quantified.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Quarterly journal of the Japan Welding Society</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">27372</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2207/qjjws.29.81s</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/qjjws/29/3/29_3_81s/_pdf</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0288-4771</identifier>
    <author>Stephan Brauser</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EDXRD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phase transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TRIP steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital image correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>29700</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>129</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>133</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>772</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Trans Tech Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermal stability of retained austenite in low alloyed TRIP-steel determined by high energy synchrotron radiation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">TRIP-steels offer a good combination between strength and ductility. Therefore TRIP-steels are widely used in the automobile industries. The aim of this work is to study the stability of involved phases during heating and to identify the kinetics of the occuring phase transformations. For that purpose, in-situ diffraction measurements, using high energy synchrotron radiation were conducted. The analysis revealed the decomposition of the metastable austenitic phase into carbide and ferrite along the heating process and the regeneration of the austenite by further heating of the sample.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials science forum</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">32630</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.772.129</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0255-5476</identifier>
    <enrichment key="zsBemerkung">Die Aufnahme ist grundsätzlich falsch, da es sich bei "Materials science forum" nicht um eine Zeitschrift handelt, sondern um eine Buchreihe. Da sehr viele Artikel an diesem Eintrag hängen, wäre die Korrektur aber extrem aufwändig.  Die Buchreihe findet sich in der Master Journal List bzw. in dem Journal Citation Report selbstverständlich nicht wieder, da es ja keine Zeitschrift ist. Allerdings wird die Buchreihe sehr wohl von Thomson-Reuters für Ihre Datenbank ausgewertet, als "Book Series". Daher muss sichergestellt werden, dass die dort erscheinenden Artikel auch für die "1000-Euro-Liste" berücksichtigt werden.  Die einfachste Lösung ist es, den Eintrag als Zeitschrift zu belassen, und das Häkchen bei "In MJL/CPCI von ISI enthalten" zu setzen. Das ist zwar formal nicht ganz korrekt, erzeugt aber das richtige Ergebnis.  Jan Harloff-Puhr 16.9.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.12.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Stephan Brauser</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Eitan Dabah</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Austenite stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phase transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TRIP steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>19817</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>755</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>762</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>52</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Newtown Square, Pa., USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>JCPDS - International Centre for Diffraction Data</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual stresses and in-situ measurement of phase transformation in low transformation temperature (LTT) welding materials</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in x-ray analysis</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">22075</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1097-0002</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0069-8490</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0376-0308</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>J. Gibmeier</author>
    <author>C. Genzel</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>47623</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>766</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>771</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>ASM international</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Restraint conditions and welding resiudal stresses in self-restrained cold cracking test</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the last decade, high-strength fine grained steels and welding consumables have gained a strong raise of application ranging from mobile cranes to bridge constructions. However, the cracking susceptibility of these steels increases significantly in correspondence with the achieved improvements in yield strength and the loss in plastic deformation reserves.&#13;
In order to determine this behavior a series of different standardized cold cracking tests has been developed. One remaining major problem of these tests is the uncertainty about the quantitative intensity of the restraint conditions as well as the corresponding welding residual stresses.&#13;
Consequently, the comparison of different tests and welding conditions as well as the transferability of the results onto real parts is difficult at best. The main topic of this paper is the analysis of the restraint conditions and their link with the welding induced residual stresses. The importance of the given standardized selfrestrained tests and first results about the transferability of&#13;
results onto real parts are discussed. The influence of the test specimen geometry on the restraint conditions of the test is investigated for a selected test with numerical Simulation using commercial FEA software. Additionally, the residual stresses caused by the welding process are measured and linked with the restraint conditions which are defined mainly by the geometry parameters.&#13;
Finally the transferability of the selected cold cracking test results is validated experimentally. The test results of a multilayer weld on high-strength fine grained steel of real size weldments are investigated. For these experiments a 16 MN large scale testing facility is used which is capable of applying the high reaction forces and clamping conditions found at large scale demonstrator parts.&#13;
The results show the importance of the quantitative knowledge of the restraint conditions and the welding residual stresses on the cold cracking resistance.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1361/cp2008twr766</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">8th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Pine Mountain, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.06.2008</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.06.2008</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>C. Schwenk</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cold Cracking Test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Intensity of Restraint</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>35543</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Measurement and numerical modeling of residual stress distribution in welded HSLA component-like I-girders</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Currently, residual stresses in welded HSLA (high strength low alloyed steels) are considerded by simplified “robust” procedures fixed in common standards (such as Eurocode 3). The models are mostly based on specimens from mild steel with lower strength. For HSLA, necessary material data is less available for realistic assessment of the appearing residual stresses in typical I-girders. Hence, the economic benefit of HSLA steels in scope of load bearing capacity cannot fully be exploit. Thus, the scope of this work is the measurement of weld residual stresses in component-like I-girders S355 and S690 by sectioning method and subsequent verification by global structural welding simulation.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IIW Intermediate Meeting, Meeting of commision II-A</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Madrid, Spain</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">29.02.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.03.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>I-girder</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld residual stresses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sectioning method</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>24604</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>581</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>591</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>46</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Sage</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">High-energy synchrotron diffraction study of a transformation induced plasticity steel during tensile deformation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction offers the possibility for measurement and evaluation of diffraction spectra containing information of various diffraction lines of all contributing crystalline phases of a material. Combined strain imaging and diffraction analysis was conducted during the tensile test of a low alloyed transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel in order to investigate the transformation induced plasticity, strain hardening, and load partitioning effects. Optical strain imaging allowed for determination of localized true strains from three-dimensional deformations measured in situ. High-energy synchrotron radiation has permitted diffraction analysis in transmission mode to gather information from the material interior. Phase-specific stress evolution during loading could be observed applying the sin2ψ technique during certain load steps. The strains of the individual lattice planes were determined in different locations under varying angles between loading and perpendicular direction. Using energy-dispersive methods it was also possible to determine the transformation behaviour during elastic and plastic regime taking into account a large number of diffraction lines. The results show that the approach practised here enables one to pull together macroscopic and phase-specific microscopic material behaviour in order to improve existing models for prediction of complex load situations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The journal of strain analysis for engineering design</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">27278</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1177/0309324711403969</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0309-3247</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2041-3130</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">28.10.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Stephan Brauser</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EDXRD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Martensite transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>24400</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1001</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1006</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>102</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Carl Hanser</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>München</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Assessment of hot cracking behaviour in welds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hot crack assessment during production and processing of metallic materials is an essential prerequisite for the safety of welded structures. The hot cracking investigations presented here were carried out as part of a study aimed at the development of Cr/Ni low transformation temperature filler materials. Low transformation temperature alloys open up the possibility for welding high strength steels. The externally loaded Modified Varestraint Transvarestraint hot cracking test was employed in the experiments described. The hot cracking resistance was evaluated with the help of light microscopy applied at the specimen surface. The proportionality between hot cracking susceptibility and Cr/Ni alloy content was explained by the altered solidification kinetics and by the enlarged solidification interval. The internal crack paths and the three-dimensional structure of the crack net in the material volume were examined using X-ray computer tomography. The total crack lengths for different material depths and circumjacent rectangular volumes, respectively, were be determined. An increasing hot cracking susceptibility with increasing Cr/Ni alloy content was also be established for the specimen volume.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International journal of materials research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">27065</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3139/146.110545</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1862-5282</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">29.09.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>Pedro Dolabella Portella</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>Bernhard Redmer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hot cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low transformation temperature (LTT) alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Modified varestraint transvarestraint (MVT) hot cracking test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computer tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63166</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Quantification of hydrogen uptake  during in-service hydrogen pipeline welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen must be transported on a large scale from producers to consumers to ensure the energy transition. The necessary pipeline grid is achieved by conversion of the natural gas (NG) grid and building new pipelines. Welding during service as part e.g. of “hot-tapping” is unavoidable for maintenance/repair/expansion. Based on existing studies, the basic material compatibility of (low-alloyed) pipeline steels with hydrogen is postulated. However, this cannot be assumed for the case of in-service welding on pipelines in pressurized condition. The reason is the increased temperature e.g. by preheating and (in particular) during welding of the single passes. As a result, the inner pipeline surface undergoes multiple short-term heating but to high temperatures. In particular, the first passes can result in a temperature close to the austenitic transformation of the material for small wall thicknesses. Both increase the hydrogen uptake into the welded joint. If hydrogen embrittlement is likely to occur, depends on the hydrogen uptake, which must be quantified. For this purpose, welding experiments on pressurized demonstrators were conducted. The hydrogen uptake at 100 bar was compared to reference experiments with nitrogen. A new sample extraction routine for the quantification of the weld-zone specific hydrogen uptake was established. Comprehensive experiments with different steels (P235, L360, L485), wall thicknesses (4.1 mm to 7.8 mm) and diameters (DN50 and DN200) were conducted. In addition, the influence of the welding layer sequence on the hydrogen uptake between single- and multi-layer welds was investigated. Analytical approaches were used to approximate the hydrogen uptake in the respective weld zones. The main findings were that the layer sequence and especially the wall thickness have a large influence on the hydrogen uptake.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ptc "Pipeline Open Knowledge Base"</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">20th Pipeline Technology Conference ptc2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.05.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Kjell Erxleben</author>
    <author>Sebastian Kaiser</author>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>C. Hadick</author>
    <author>K. Schu</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-service</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pipeline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>component test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54412</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterization of Hydrogen Diffusion in Offshore Steel S420G2+M Multi-layer Submerged Arc Welded Joint</title>
    <abstract language="eng">As onshore installation capacity is limited, the increase in the number of offshore wind turbines (OWT) is a major goal. In that connection, the OWTs continuously increase in size and weight and demand adequate foundations concepts like monopiles or tripods. These components are typically manufactured from welded mild steel plates with thickness up to 200 mm. The predominant welding technique is submerged arc welding (SAW). In accordance with the standards, the occurrence of hydrogen-assisted cracking is anticipated by either a minimum waiting time (MWT, before non-destructive testing of the welded joint is allowed) at ambient or a hydrogen removal heat treatment (HRHT) at elevated temperatures. The effectiveness of both can be estimated by calculation of the diffusion time, i.e., diffusion coefficients. In this study, these coefficients are obtained for the first time for a thick-walled S420G2+M offshore steel grade and its multi-layer SAW joint. The electrochemical permeation technique at ambient temperature is used for the determination of diffusion coefficients for both the base material and the weld metal. The coefficients are within a range of 1025 to 1024 mm2/s (whereas the weld metal had the lowest) and are used for an analytical and numerical calculation of the hydrogen diffusion and the related MWT. The results showed that long MWT can occur, which would be necessary to significantly decrease the hydrogen concentration. Weld metal diffusion coefficients at elevated temperatures were calculated from hydrogen desorption experiments by carrier gas hot extraction. They are within a range of 1023 mm2/s and used for the characterization of a HRHT dwell-time. The analytical calculation shows the same tendency of long necessary times also at elevated temperatures. That means the necessary time is strongly influenced by the considered plate thickness and the estimation of any MWT/HRHT via diffusion coefficients should be critically discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1059-9495</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s11665-022-06679-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-544127</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Process - Euromat 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.04.2022</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Tim Richter</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thick-walled</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Submerged arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54412/Rhode_et_al-2022-Journal_of_Materials_Engineering_and_Performance.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
