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    <title language="eng">Applications of x-ray computed tomography in material science</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The overview of the activity of Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM, Belin, Germany) in the field material characterization by X-ray imaging is presented. The principle of X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is explained. The multiple examples of application of quantitative analysis by XCT are reported, such as additive manufacturing, Li-ion battery, concrete research.</abstract>
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    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>485</pageFirst>
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    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>71</volume>
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    <publisherName>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Adhesive Porosity Analysis of Composite Adhesive Joints Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Adhesively bonded composite joints can develop voids and porosity during fabrication, leading to stress concentration and a reduced load-carrying capacity. Hence, adhesive porosity analysis during the fabrication is crucial to ensure the required quality and reliability. Ultrasonic-guided wave (UGW)-based techniques without advanced signal processing often provide low-resolution imaging and can be ineffective for detecting small-size defects. This article proposes a damage imaging process for adhesive porosity analysis of bonded composite plates using UGWs measured by scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). To implement this approach, a piezoelectric transducer is mounted on the composite joint specimen to generate UGWs, which are measured over a densely sampled area. The signals obtained from the scan are processed using the proposed signal processing in different domains. Through the utilization of filter banks in frequency and wavenumber domains, along with the root-mean-square calculation of filtered signals, damage images of the adhesive region are obtained. It has been observed that different filters provide information related to different void sizes. Combining all the images reconstructed by filters, a final image is obtained which contains damages of various sizes. The images obtained by the proposed method are verified by radiography results and the porosity analysis is presented. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can detect the pores with the smallest detectable pore area of 2.41 mm^2, corresponding to a radius of 0.88 mm, with an overall tendency to overestimate the pore size by an average of 11%.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1109/TUFFC.2024.3371671</identifier>
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Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/58\/10484993\/10454005.pdf?arnumber=10454005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T15:14:58Z","timestamp":1711984498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10454005\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/tuffc.2024.3371671","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3010","1525-8955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3010","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-8955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}</enrichment>
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    <author>M. Barzegar</author>
    <author>Yevgeniya Lugovtsova</author>
    <author>Jannis Bulling</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Dario J. Pasadas</author>
    <author>Artur L. Ribeiro</author>
    <author>Helena G. Ramos</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adhesives</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Damage imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nondestructive testing (NDT)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Signal processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
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    <title language="eng">How to experimentally determine residual stress in AM structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The experimental determination of residual stress becomes more complicated with increasing complexity of the structures investigated. Unlike the conventional and most of the additive manufacturing (AM) fabrication techniques, laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) allows the production of complex structures without any additional manufacturing step. However, due to the extremely localized melting and solidification, internal stress-induced deformation and cracks are often observed. In the best case, significant residual stress is retained in the final structures as a footprint of the internal stress during manufacturing. &#13;
Here we report solutions to the most prevalent challenges when dealing with the diffraction-based determination of residual stress in AM structures, in particular the choice of the correct diffraction elastic constants. We show that for Nickel-based alloys, the diffraction elastic constants of AM material significantly deviate from their conventional counterparts. Furthermore, measurement strategies to overcome the hurdles appearing when applying diffraction-based techniques to complex-shaped lattice structures are presented: a) proper sample alignment within the beam, b) the proper determination of the residual stress field in a representative part of the structure (i.e., with an engineering meaning). Beyond the principal stress magnitude, the principal direcions of residual stress are discussed for different geometries and scan strategies, as they are relevent for failure criteria. &#13;
We show that the RS in the lattice struts can be considered to be uniaxial and to follow the orientation of the strut, while the RS in the lattice knots is more hydrostatic. Additionally, we show that strain measurements in at least seven independent directions are necessary for the correct estimation of the principal stress directions. The measurement directions should be chosen according to the sample geometry and to an informed choice on the possible strain field (i.e., reflecting the scan strategy).&#13;
We finally show that if the most prominent direction is not measured, the error in the calculated stress magnitude increases in such a manner that no reliable assessment of RS state can be made.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Additive 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
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    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Jakob Schröder</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron Diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual Stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray Computed Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lattice Structure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inconel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>61515</id>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Quantitative surface quality evaluation by X-ray Computed Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The poor surface quality is one of the challenges in powder based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. It limits the application of the components in as-manufactured condition and requires the post-processing machining techniques, increasing costs and diminishing the advantage of the free form fabrication. It is important to characterize the surface roughness of the part as it might affect the tolerances and the mechanical behavior of the material. For the AM components the usage of classic characterization techniques becomes very challenging and even impossible, when internal channels, fine and complex shapes structures are under investigation. In such cases, X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is the only tool to evaluate the structure inside nondestructively. &#13;
In this work, the application of surface quality analysis workflow using high-resolution XCT is presented. The analysis of surface topography includes the quantitative characterization of “re-entrant” surface features. This characterization is based on the evaluation of the triangulated surface generated based on the XCT data and was compared with conventional surface roughness parameters (e.g., Sa and Sz). The strength of the presented workflow is the application on arbitrary surfaces without geometrical limitations allowing real as-build investigation. This will be discussed on the example of both, simple cylindrical struts to present the principals, and the application to the Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures. The analysis of the struts allows conclusions about the influence of down-skin and up-skin on surface quality. The results indicate that the surface quality is a factor of 2 worse for a build angle of 30° compared to an up-right build (90°). The investigation of TPMS structures is focused on the optimization of process parameter of geometrically complex samples regarding the surface quality. The challenge was an automated and user-independent comparison of several TPMS structures. The correlation of surface quality with process parameters (e.g., Laser power, laser velocity) is presented.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">28.10.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Tobias Fritsch</author>
    <author>Anne Jahn</author>
    <author>Lina Pavasaryte</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray CT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface texture</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62116</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>302</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>309</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>65</volume>
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    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of scanning strategy and hatch distance on porosity and mechanical characteristics of 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The effect of scanning strategies and hatch distances on the porosity and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is studied. Two scanning strategies were analyzed along with three hatch distances (50 μm, 80 μm, and 110 μm). Using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), the study revealed different defect distributions: 90° alternating hatch scanning strategy resulted in a higher number of lack of fusion defects, while the chessboard strategy produced smaller, more uniformly distributed gas pores. The optimal hatch distance of 80 μm was found to minimize porosity and maximize tensile strength for both strategies. Mechanical testing supported these findings, showing that specimens printed with an 80 μm hatch distance exhibited better mechanical characteristics. This study highlights the critical role of scanning parameters in the quality&#13;
and reliability of additively manufactured parts.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia Structural Integrity</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.prostr.2024.11.045</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2452-3216</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-621164</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Boris Voloskov</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Stanislav Evlashin</author>
    <author>Denis Firsov</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Ivan Sergeichev</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/62116/Voloskov_etal_procedia.pdf</file>
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    <edition/>
    <issue>102059</issue>
    <volume>34</volume>
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    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Fine-Tuning Melt Pools and Microstructures: Taming Cracks in Powder Bed Fusion—Laser Beam of a non-weldable Ni-base Superalloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam (PBF-LB) of high γ’ strengthened Ni-base superalloys, such as CM247LC, is of great interest for high temperature applications in gas turbines. However, PBF-LB of CM247LC is challenging due to the high cracking susceptibility during PBF-LB processing (solidification cracking) and heat treatment (strain age cracking, mostly caused by residual stresses). This study focuses on understanding the impact of process parameters on microstructure, residual stresses and solidification cracking. Laser power (P), speed (v) and hatch spacing (h) were varied while the layer thickness (t) was fixed. The melt pool size and shape were found to be key factors in minimizing solidification cracking. Narrower and shallower melt pools, achieved using a low line energy density (LED = P/v ≤ 0.1 J/mm), gave low crack densities (0.7 mm/mm2). A tight hatch spacing (h = 0.03 mm) resulted in reduced lack of fusion porosity. Electron backscatter diffraction investigations revealed that parameters giving finer microstructure with 〈100〉crystallographic texture had low crack densities provided they were processed with a low LED. Atom probe tomography elucidated early stages of spinodal decomposition in the as-built condition, where Cr and Al cluster separately. The extent of spinodal decomposition was found to be affected by the LED and the hatch spacing. Samples with low LED and small hatch spacing showed higher degrees of spinodal decomposition. X-ray diffraction residual stress investigations revealed that the residual stress is proportional to the volumetric energy density (VED = P/(v. h. t)). Although low residual stresses can be achieved by using low VED, there is a high risk of lack of fusion. Hence, other parameters such as modified scan strategy, build plate pre-heating and pulsed laser mode, must be further explored to minimize the residual stresses to reduce the strain age cracking susceptibility.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materialia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102059</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597340</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2589-1529</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.05.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ahmed Fardan</author>
    <author>Andrea Fazi</author>
    <author>Ru Lin Peng</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Mattias Thuvander</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Håkan Brodin</author>
    <author>Eduard Hryha</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray CT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-weldable superalloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solidification cracking</value>
    </subject>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>60</volume>
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    <publisherName>John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Evolution of interphase stress over a crack propagation plane as a function of stress relief heat treatments in a PBF‐LB/M AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractIn this study, we compare the residual stress state in a laser powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB/M) AlSi10Mg alloy in the as‐built (AB) condition with that after two different heat treatments (265 °C for 1 h, HT1; and 300 °C for 2 h, HT2). The bulk residual stress (RS) is determined using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), and near‐surface profiles are determined using laboratory energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD). The EDXRD results do not reveal any notable difference between the conditions at a depth of 350 μm, suggesting that the machining process yields a comparable residual stress state in the near‐surface regions. On the other hand, the SXRD results show that HT1 is more effective in relieving the bulk RS. It is observed that HT1 reduces the RS state in both the aluminium matrix and the silicon network. In addtion, HT2 does not have a significant impact on relaxing the RS as‐built state of the matrix, although it does induce a reduction in the RS magnitudes of the Si phase. It is concluded that the heat treatment stress relieving is effective as long as the Si‐network is not disaggregated.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Strain</parentTitle>
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    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597591</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.11.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Alexander Evans</author>
    <author>Andrew N. Fitch</author>
    <author>Jan Haubrich</author>
    <author>Guillermo Requena</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interphase residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laboratory energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBFLB/M AlSi10Mg alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress-relief heat-treatments</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD)</value>
    </subject>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>18</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>238</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Ex-situ characterization and simulation of density fluctuations evolution during sintering of binder jetted 316L</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Efficient density evolution during sintering of the as-printed component is vital to reach full densification and required properties of binder jet (BJT) components. However, due to the high porosity and brittle nature of the green compact, analysis of the microstructure development during sintering is very difficult, resulting in lack of understanding of the densification process. Density development from green state (57 ± 1.6 %) up to full density (99 ± 0.3 %) was characterized by high-resolution synchrotron X-Ray computed tomography (SXCT) on BJT 316L samples from ex-situ interrupted sintering tests. Periodicity of density fluctuations along the building direction was revealed for the first time and was related to the layer thickness of ~ 42 μm during printing that decreased down to ~ 33 μm during sintering. Sintering simulations, utilizing a continuum sintering model developed for BJT, allowed to replicate the density evolution during sintering with a mean error of 2 % and its fluctuation evolution from green (1.66 %) to sintered (0.56 %) state. Additionally, simulation of extreme particle size segregation (1 μm to 130 μm) suggested that non-optimized printing could lead to undesirable density fluctuation amplitude rapid increase (~10 %) during sintering. This might trigger the nucleation of defects (e.g., layer delamination, cracking, or excessive residual porosity) during the sintering process.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials &amp; Design</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112690</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594389</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0264-1275</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.03.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Alberto Cabo Rios</author>
    <author>Tatiana Mishurova</author>
    <author>Laura Cordova</author>
    <author>Mats Persson</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>Eugene Olevsky</author>
    <author>Eduard Hryha</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray CT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Binder Jetting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sintering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FEM Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59438/cabo-rios-MDes-Binder_Jetting-2024.pdf</file>
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