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  <doc>
    <id>46414</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>The Optical Society</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Wavelength-modulated C-OTDR techniques for distributed dynamic measurement</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present two wavelength-modulated coherent optical time domain reflectometry techniques for dynamic, quantitative and distributed measurement. The robust and simple techniques are based on backscattering correlations along the time axis and along the pulse wavelength shift axis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS-26</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1364/OFS.2018.TuE15</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">26th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS-26</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Lausanne, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.09.2018</enrichment>
    <author>Sascha Liehr</author>
    <author>Y. Muanenda</author>
    <author>Sven Münzenberger</author>
    <author>Katerina Krebber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optics sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical time domain reflectometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>OTDR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DAS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed strain sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rayleigh scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>44806</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>10573</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10588</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>26</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Optical Society of America</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Wavelength-scanning coherent OTDR for dynamic high strain resolution sensing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Distributed vibration sensing in optical fibers opened entirely new opportunities and penetrated various sectors from security to seismic monitoring. Here, we demonstrate a most simple and robust approach for dynamic strain measurement using wavelength-scanning coherent optical time domain reflectometry (C-OTDR). Our method is based on laser current modulation and Rayleigh backscatter shift correlation. As opposed to common single-wavelength phase demodulation techniques, also the algebraic sign of the strain change is retrieved. This is crucial for the intended applications in structural health monitoring and modal analysis. A linear strain response down to 47.5 pε and strain noise of 100 pε/√Hz is demonstrated for repetition rates in the kHz range. A field application of a vibrating bridge is presented. Our approach provides a cost-effective high-resolution method for structural vibration analysis and geophysical applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Optics Express</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1364/OE.26.010573</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1094-4087</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-448069</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.05.2018</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Sascha Liehr</author>
    <author>Sven Münzenberger</author>
    <author>Katerina Krebber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optics sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical time domain reflectometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rayleigh Scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed acoustic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed strain sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/44806/Wavelength-scanning coherent OTDR for dynamic high strain resolution sensing.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>38944</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>720</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>729</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>25</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Optical Society of America</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Optical Society of America</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Relative change measurement of physical quantities using dual-wavelength coherent OTDR</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We propose the use of alternating pulse wavelengths in a direct-detection coherent optical time domain reflectometry (C-OTDR) setup not only to measure strain and temperature changes but also to determine the correct algebraic sign of the change. The sign information is essential for the intended use in distributed mode shape analysis of civil engineering structures. Correlating relative backscatter signal shifts in the temporal/signal domain allows for measuring with correct magnitude and sign. This novel approach is simulated, experimentally implemented and demonstrated for temperature change measurement at a spatial resolution of 1 m.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Optics Express</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1364/OE.25.000720</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1094-4087</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-389449</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.04.2017</enrichment>
    <licence>Allgemeines Deutsches Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Sascha Liehr</author>
    <author>Y. S. Muanenda</author>
    <author>Sven Münzenberger</author>
    <author>Katerina Krebber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optics sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Backscattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rayleigh</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>C-OTDR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Strain measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/38944/2017 - Relative change measurement of physical quantities using dual-wavelength coherent OTDR - Optics Express - Liehr.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54745</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3434</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>22</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Application of Intensity-Based Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry to Bridge Monitoring</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Although distributed fiber sensing techniques have been widely used in structural health monitoring, the measurement results of bridge monitoring, particularly under destructive testing, have rarely been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report of distributed vibration measurement results, which we obtained during a three-day destructive test on an abolished bridge. A coherent optical time domain reflectometry (COTDR) was used to acquire the vibration information while the bridge was being sawed. The obtained signal was analyzed in time and frequency domain. Some characteristics of the sawing-induced vibration were retrieved by the short-time Fourier transform; the vibration exhibited several high frequency components within the measured range up to 20 kHz and all the components appeared in the same time slot. Some unexpected signals were also detected. Thorough analysis showed that they are quite different from the sawing-induced vibration and are believed to originate from internal damage to the bridge (probably the occurrence of cracks).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/s22093434</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547451</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.06.2022</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Xin Lu</author>
    <author>Sebastian Chruscicki</author>
    <author>Marcus Schukar</author>
    <author>Sven Münzenberger</author>
    <author>Katerina Krebber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed fiber sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed acoustic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54745/sensors-22-03434.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>48773</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Paper 30, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>15</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Wavelength-scanning distributed acoustic sensing for structural monitoring and seismic applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We introduce wavelength-scanning coherent optical time domain reflectometry (WS-COTDR) for dynamic vibration sensing along optical fibers. The method is based on spectral shift computation from Rayleigh backscatter spectra. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used for fast and high-resolution strain computation from raw measurement data. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for vibration monitoring of a reinforced concrete bridge. We demonstrate another application example for quasi-static and dynamic measurement of ground deformation and surface wave propagation along a dark fiber in a telecommunication cable.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of International Symposium on Sensor Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/proceedings2019015030</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2504-3900</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-487733</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">7th International Symposium on Sensor Science</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Napoli, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.05.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.05.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Sascha Liehr</author>
    <author>Sven Münzenberger</author>
    <author>Katerina Krebber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical fiber sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed acoustic sensor (DAS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical time domain reflectometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rayleigh scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Artificial neural networks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Seismic measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/48773/Liehr ISSS 2019.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
