<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>30951</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>BCC Research</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Designed flame retardancy with phosphorus polymers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Polymeric flame retardants offer the possibility to match effective flame retardancy with the requirements of new regulations. Synthesis, properties and efficiency in polymer matrices are discussed for two systems, epoxy resins as well as poly(butylene terephthalate).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Flame conference 2014 - 25th Annual conference: Recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials (Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">33937</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">25th Annual conference: Recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Stamford, Connecticut, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">18.05.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.05.2014</enrichment>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>O. Fischer</author>
    <author>A. Korwitz</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>T. Köppl</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>Sven Brehme</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <author>D. Vollmerhausen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phosphorus polymer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Poly(butylene terephthalate)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy resin</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23827</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Flame retardancy mechanisms and performance of a halogen-free phosphorus polyester in PBT</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">22nd Annual Conference on Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">26430</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">22nd Annual Conference on Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Stamford, CT, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2011-05-23</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2011-05-25</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Sven Brehme</author>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>24617</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Wellesley, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>BCC Research</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flame retardancy mechanisms and performance of a halogen-free phosphorus polyester in PBT</title>
    <abstract language="eng">PET-P-DOPO is a phosphorus-containing polyester prepared from the glycol ether of the hydroquinone derivative of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and dimethyl terephthalate. PET-P-DOPO and a blend of PBT with PET-PDOPO were investigated with respect to pyrolysis and fire behavior. PET-P-DOPO achieves a V-0 rating in the UL 94 test and exhibits a high LOI of 39.3%. The outstanding flame-retardant properties of PET-P-DOPO are the result of three different mechanisms (flame inhibition, charring and a protection effect of the intumescent char) that are active in PET-P-DOPO. The fire load and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) are reduced to 34% and 17%, respectively. The char exhibits an intumescent multicellular structure enabling it to act as an efficient protection layer. As PET-P-DOPO is immiscible with PBT, the blend shows a lower breaking elongation than pure PBT. Compared to pure PET-P-DOPO, the flame retardancy of the blend is decreased according to the fraction of PET-P-DOPO used. Nevertheless, the flame-retardancy of PET-P-DOPO in the blend was good enough to compete with PBT flame-retarded by AlPi-Et (aluminum diethylphosphinate) that was used as a Benchmark.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2011 Recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">27291</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">1-59623-795-3</identifier>
    <author>Sven Brehme</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <author>Y. Bykov</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>O. Fischer</author>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>T. Köppl</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DOPO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>26445</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Phosphorus polyesters as halogen-free polymeric flame retardants in poly(buylene terephthalate) - Influence of the chemical structure</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">MoDeSt 2012</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">29212</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">MoDeSt 2012</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2012-09-02</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2012-09-06</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Sven Brehme</author>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>489</id>
    <completedYear>2015</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted>2014</thesisYearAccepted>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>160</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>127</volume>
    <type>doctoralthesis</type>
    <publisherName>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>2014-11-17</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Neue phosphorhaltige Polyester für den halogenfreien Flammschutz von kompaktem, glasfaserverstärktem und geschäumtem Polybutylenterephthalat</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Phosphorhaltige Alternativen haben halogenhaltige Flammschutzmittel für PBT zunehmend verdrängt. Die meisten der verwendeten Flammschutzmittel verschlechtern jedoch die mechanischen Eigenschaften des PBT oder neigen zum Ausblühen. Trotz ihrer gängigen Verwendung fehlt ein grundlegendes Verständnis für den Einfluss der chemischen Struktur der Flammschutzmittel auf das Brandverhalten und die Eigenschaften des Werkstoffs. Ebenso lückenhaft ist das Wissen über den Einfluss der Makrostruktur des Werkstoffs auf dessen Brandverhalten und die Flammschutzanforderungen.&#13;
Als Alternative zu den gängigen niedermolekularen Flammschutzadditiven werden in dieser Arbeit phosphorhaltige Polyester als Flammschutzmittel für kompaktes, glasfaserverstärktes und geschäumtes PBT vorgestellt und ihr Pyrolyse- und Brandverhalten analysiert. Nicht nur die Makrostruktur des PBT, sondern auch die chemische Struktur der phosphorhaltigen&#13;
Polyester wurde gezielt variiert, um entsprechende Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen ableiten zu können. &#13;
Das glasfaserverstärkte PBT zeigt eine höhere Entflammbarkeit, der PBT Integralschaum ein höheres Risiko durch Flammenausbreitung als kompaktes PBT. Das Vorhandensein von Verbrückungen und P-O-Carom.-Bindungen im Phosphorsubstituenten der phosphorhaltigen Polyester erhöht deren Rückstandsbildung bzw. Aktivität in der kondensierten Phasen. Die Art der aktiven Flammschutzmechanismen entscheidet darüber, welche Brandrisiken reduziert werden. &#13;
Als einer der phosphorhaltigen Polyester bildet PET-P-DOPO einen nicht mischbaren Blend mit PBT. Es hat eine gute Flammschutzwirkung und verschlechtert die mechanischen Eigenschaften nicht so stark wie gängige Flammschutzmittel. PET-P-DOPO birgt dabei das Potential, die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Flammschutzwirkung durch eine Verbesserung der Mischbarkeit und eine Erhöhung des Phosphorgehaltes noch weiter zu optimieren. Für PBT Integralschaum ist PET-P-DOPO weniger geeignet. In glasfaserverstärktem PBT übertrifft PET-P-DOPO die gängigen Flammschutzmittel, selbst wenn diese mit höherem Phosphorgehalt eingesetzt werden.&#13;
Die Ergebnisse tragen wesentlich zum Verständnis der grundlegenden Struktur- Eigenschaftsbeziehungen im Flammschutz von Polymeren bei. Sie ermöglichen die Vorhersage spezieller Anforderungen an die Flammschutzmittel aus der Makrostruktur des Werkstoffs. Weiterhin erlauben sie eine gezieltere Auswahl und Optimierung bestehender Flammschutzmittel durch die Anpassung ihrer chemischen Struktur sowie das gezielte Design neuer Flammschutzmittel für bestimmte Anwendungen bzw. Schutzziele. Mit PET-P-DOPO wurde außerdem eine vielversprechende Alternative zu gängigen Additiven im Flammschutz von PBT gefunden.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">Phosphorus-containing alternatives have increasingly substituted halogen-containing flame retardants in the flame retardancy of PBT. Unfortunately, most of the flame retardants deteriorate the mechanical properties of PBT or tend to bloom. Despite their common usage, a detailed understanding of how burning behaviour and material properties are influenced by the chemical structure of the flame retardants is still missing. The knowledge about the influence of the material's macrostructure on burning behaviour and flame retardancy demands is incomplete, too.&#13;
In this study, phosphorus polyesters are presented as an alternative to commonly used low-molecular additives for the flame retardancy of compact, glass fibre reinforced and foamed PBT. The pyrolysis and burning behaviour of these polyesters is discussed. The macrostructure of PBT as well as the chemical structure of the phosphorus polyesters was systematically varied to deduce the corresponding structure-property relationships.&#13;
Glass fibre reinforced PBT has a higher flammability than compact PBT, while PBT integral foam has a higher risk of flame spread. The presence of bridging groups and P-O-Carom.-bonds in the phosphorus substituent of the phosphorus polyesters increases their charforming ability and their condensed-phase activity, respectively. The nature of the active flame-retardancy mechanisms determines the fire risks, which are reduced. One of the phosphorus polyesters, PET-P-DOPO, forms an immiscible blend with PBT. PET-P-DOPO has a good flame-retardancy performance and deteriorates the mechanical properties less than common flame retardants. Additionally, it still has the potential for further optimisation.&#13;
An improved miscibility and a higher phosphorus Content would improve the mechanical properties and the flame-retardancy performance, respectively. PET-P-DOPO is less suited to flame retard PBT integral foam. In glass fibre reinforced PBT, however, PET-P-DOPO outperforms common flame-retardant additives even if they are used with a higher phosphorus content than PET-P-DOPO.&#13;
The results essentially contribute to the understanding of fundamental structure-property relationships in flame retardancy of polymers. They permit to predict specific flameretardancy demands from the material's macrostructure. Furthermore, the results allow a more specific selection and optimisation of existing flame retardants through the modification of their chemical structure and a targeted design of new flame retardants for specific applications or protection goals, respectively. A promising alternative to common additives for the flame retardancy of PBT was found with PET-P-DOPO.</abstract>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-4892</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-9816668-7-8</identifier>
    <licence>Allgemeines Deutsches Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Sven Brehme</author>
    <series>
      <title>BAM Dissertationsreihe</title>
      <number>127</number>
    </series>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flammschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>phosphorhaltige Polyester</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polybutylenterephthalat</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>halogenfrei</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="540">Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <thesisGrantor>Freie Universität Berlin</thesisGrantor>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/489/diss127_vt.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
