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    <title language="eng">Effect of the chemical composition of synthetic alkali-silica gels on their structure, swelling behavior and water uptake</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For alkali-silica reaction (ASR) gels, the relationship between swelling expansion, structure and chemical composition, particularly the effect of aluminum, remains unknown. This study investigates the structure, swelling expansion and associated water uptake of synthetic ASR gels with various Al/Si (0–0.1) and Ca/Si (0.1–0.4) ratios. The results show that aluminum incorporated into the gel structure reduces the overall swelling expansion and the leaching of silicate species during the swelling test. Moreover, they revealed that water in the Al-ASR gels is more tightly bound, reducing the overall water uptake compared to the Al-free ASR gels. Additionally, there is a linear correlation between the maximal swelling results and the ASR gel composition.&#13;
However, no direct correlation emerged between the amount of water uptake and the free swelling of the ASR gels, which indicates that other factors, like the type of water bonding and pore size of the gels, are decisive for the swelling mechanism.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Cement and Concrete Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107596</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Miriam E. Krüger</author>
    <author>Harald Hilbig</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Alisa Machner</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali-silica reaction (ASR)</value>
    </subject>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Durability</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>1H NMR relaxometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>29Si NMR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>27Al NMR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FTIR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al-ASR gel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Swelling test</value>
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    <volume>153</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Fire resistance of existing steel structures with aged intumescent coating based on an in situ test method</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Intumescent coatings are commonly used in civil engineering to increase the fire resistance of steel structures. Exposed to fire, the intumescent coating reacts and forms a thermal protective char around the steel member. Thus, the heating of the steel is significantly slowed down and the fire resistance can be improved. Information regarding the scope of application and the durability of intumescent coatings are given in national approvals or European Technical Assessment documents. Due to the environmental conditions, intumescent coatings are subjected to ageing effects, which can reduce the durability and their thermal protection performance. To predict the durability for several years, during the approval procedure the behaviour of intumescent coatings is predominantly extrapolated based on accelerated artificial ageing. The established German and European assessment procedures to test and assess durability assume a working life of at least 10 years. Additional evidence may be required for longer periods. However, at present there is no method of verifying the thermal performance of existing structural members on site. For this reason, BAM is conducting the research project "INSIST" [1] to develop a minimally invasive in situ test method to determine the fire resistance of existing steel structures with applied intumescent coating. The investigation includes the development of a mobile prototype furnace. The paper describes the test setup, the developed prototype furnace, and the results of the performed test programme on uncoated and coated steel specimens. Based on this, recommendations for the test procedure are given.</abstract>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Richard Fürst</author>
    <author>Dustin Häßler</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Sascha Hothan</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ testing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Intumescent coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Steel</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Thermal protection</value>
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    <title language="eng">Influence of thermal strain on concrete spalling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Understanding the susceptibility to spalling of concrete members in case of fire is important to evaluate the residual load-bearing capacity. The investigations of the spalling phenomenon of a concrete mixture using real scale members are necessary but expensive to carry out. Reducing the specimen size leads to an increase of boundary effects that can result in a reduced spalling or absence of spalling. In this study, fire tests were carried out on unrestrained, single-sided exposed, cuboid shaped specimens (0.6 m x 0.6 m x 0.29 m) as well as unrestrained and steel ring restrained cylindrical specimens (Ø = 0.47 m, h = 0.29 m), which induce different boundary conditions. These fire tests were carried out on two ordinary concrete mixtures. The two mixtures differ only in the type of aggregates (quartz gravel and basalt grit) and were used to investigate the influence of the thermal expansion of the aggregate on the spalling behaviour of the concrete. The results show a significant increase of&#13;
the spalling depth due to the restrained thermal expansion achieved by the applied steel rings. Additionally, the type of aggregate has a direct influence on the spalling behaviour of a concrete mixture. The reduction of the boundary effects by the steel rings recreate the test conditions in the centre of a large concrete member. Thus, this type of specimen is suitable to determine the susceptibility to spalling of a material (screening-tests) as preliminary investigations to full scale fire tests.</abstract>
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The investigations of the spalling phenomenon of a concrete mixture using real scale members are necessary but expensive to carry out. Reducing the specimen size leads to an increase of boundary effects that can result in a reduced spalling or absence of spalling. In this study, fire tests were carried out on unrestrained, single-sided exposed, cuboid shaped specimens (0.6 m &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;jats:alternatives&gt;&lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$$\\times$$&lt;\/jats:tex-math&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"&gt;\n                  &lt;mml:mo&gt;\u00d7&lt;\/mml:mo&gt;\n                &lt;\/mml:math&gt;&lt;\/jats:alternatives&gt;&lt;\/jats:inline-formula&gt; 0.6 m &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt;&lt;jats:alternatives&gt;&lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$$\\times$$&lt;\/jats:tex-math&gt;&lt;mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"&gt;\n                  &lt;mml:mo&gt;\u00d7&lt;\/mml:mo&gt;\n                &lt;\/mml:math&gt;&lt;\/jats:alternatives&gt;&lt;\/jats:inline-formula&gt; 0.29 m) as well as unrestrained and steel ring restrained cylindrical specimens (\u00d8 = 0.47 m, h = 0.29 m), which induce different boundary conditions. These fire tests were carried out on two ordinary concrete mixtures. 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    <author>André Klimek</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Sascha Hothan</author>
    <author>Jochen Zehfuß</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Concrete</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Restraint</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Screening test</value>
    </subject>
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    <title language="deu">Ein Supermarkt aus Infraleichtbeton: Nachweisführung bei einer Außenwand mit Brandwandanforderungen</title>
    <title language="eng">A supermarket made of infra-lightweight concrete- Proof of stability for a fire wall</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Infraleichtbeton (ILC) ist eine spezielle Form von Leichtbeton, der durch seine niedrige Rohdichte im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem Beton eine verbesserte Wärmedämmeigenschaft aufweist. Infraleichtbeton ermöglicht die monolithische einschichtige Konstruktion von Bauteilen der Gebäudehülle ohne additive Wärmedämmung und Fassadenbekleidung. Dadurch wird die Baukonstruktion gegenüber herkömmlich gedämmten Betonbauteilen erheblich vereinfacht und die Recyclingfähigkeit deutlich verbessert. Zudem weisen Bauteile aus Infraleichtbeton eine günstigere CO2‐Bilanz auf als Außenwandkonstruktionen in konventioneller Bauweise wie z. B. Wärmedämmverbundsysteme. Nach etwa 15 Jahren Forschung und diversen Bauvorhaben im Wohn‐ und Bildungssektor konnte nun ein erster Einzelhandelsmarkt mit Außenwänden aus Infraleichtbeton realisiert werden. Im Rahmen dieses Bauvorhabens wurde erfolgreich eine vorhabenbezogene Bauartgenehmigung (vBG) auf der Grundlage eines Brandversuchs und eines auf Berechnungen basierenden Übertragungskonzepts für eine Brandwand aus ILC erwirkt. Der Beitrag stellt das Übertragungskonzept sowie ein für die vorliegende besondere Bauweise der Brandwand entwickeltes vereinfachtes Berechnungsverfahren zum Nachweis der Standsicherheit im Brandfall vor.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">htweight concrete (ILC) is a special form of light-weight concrete which, due to its low density, possesses improved thermal insulation properties in comparison to normal concrete. ILC facilitates the construction of monolithic, single-layer building skins without any added thermal insulation or facade cladding. This way, the building components are effectively simplified in comparison to conventionally insulated concrete members and the recyclability is significantly improved. In addition to that, structural elements made of ILC have a reduced CO2 footprint in comparison to conventional composite elements of the building envelope. After 15 years of research and several completed construction projects in the housing and education sector, a commercial retail building has been realized. For this project, an individual approval for a firewall built out of ILC was obtained based on a fire test in combination with a transfer concept based on calculations.&#13;
This article demonstrates the transfer concept as well as a simplified structural analysis concept for the proof of stability developed for the special application of a firewall.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Beton- und Stahlbetonbau</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/best.202400016</identifier>
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    <author>Boris Reyher</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Sascha Hothan</author>
    <author>Alex Hückler</author>
    <author>Klaus Pistol</author>
    <author>Simon Madlener</author>
    <author>Mike Schlaich</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Infraleichtbeton</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brandschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brandwand</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hallenkonstruktion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bauen im Bestand</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.3 Brandingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Leichtbau</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55923</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>55</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Fire induced concrete spalling in combination with size effects</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The size effect has its origin in fracture mechanics and describes the formation as well as propagation of cracks in brittle and solid materials in dependence of the specimen size. However, the size effect in concrete spalling describes the damage behaviour on a macroscopic scale for different sized specimens in case of fire. Concrete spalling is a very complex and yet not fully understood phenomenon. To reduce the effort of fire tests to analyse the spalling behaviour of concrete mixtures, this study investigates the susceptibility to spalling for six different concrete mixtures and three specimen sizes. The sizes were divided in full scale slabs (1.8 m x 1.2 m x 0.3 m), intermediate scale cuboids (0.6 m x 0.6 m x 0.3  m) and  small scale cylinders (Ø0.15 m x 0.3 m). For this purpose, a novel test set-up was built to test six intermediate scale or twelve small scale specimens simultaneously to ensure a similar heating regime for every specimen. All specimens were fire exposed on one side and remained unrestrained. A size effect occurred for four of the six concrete mixtures. Compared to the full scale specimens the spalling was reduced significantly for all smaller specimen sizes. Additionally, spalling did not occur for the small scale specimens. The results show that the specimen size is an essential parameter to investigate the susceptibility to spalling of a concrete mixture. For future investigations the testing conditions must be adjusted for the intermediate scale specimens to recreate the conditions of the slabs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials and Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1617/s11527-022-02051-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559231</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">24.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>André Klimek</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Sascha Hothan</author>
    <author>Andreas Rogge</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Size effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire test</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.3 Brandingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55923/2022-10-04_Fire_induced_concrete_spalling_in_combination_with_size_effects.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>46173</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>647</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>655</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>113</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wilhelm Ernst &amp; Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH &amp; Co. KG</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Dunkelfärbung der Betonfahrbahndecke im AKR-Kontext - Ursachenanalyse mit innovativer Prüftechnik</title>
    <title language="eng">Dark Dyeing of the Concrete Pavement in the AKR Context: Root Cause Analysis with innovative Testing Technology</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die AKR-Schadensevolution von Betonfahrbahndecken ist in der Anfangsphase durch eine Dunkelfärbung der Oberfläche im Fugenbereich gekennzeichnet. Es wird vermutet, dass eine erhöhte Durchfeuchtung der Betonrandzone ursächlich für diese Erscheinung ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde exemplarisch eine Fahrbahnplatte eines repräsentativen Bundesautobahnabschnitts systematisch mit verschiedenartiger zerstörungsfreier Prüftechnik vor Ort untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der zunächst erfolgten großflächigen Durchmusterung mit Radar zeigen, dass in den Bereichen mit einer Dunkelfärbung der Betonfahrbahndecke erhöhte Laufzeiten der Radarimpulse zwischen der&#13;
Oberfläche und der Rückseite der Betonfahrbahndecke auftreten, was auf eine erhöhte integrale Durchfeuchtung der Betonfahrbahndecke schließen lässt. Vertiefend durchgeführte NMR-Feuchtemessungen in der Betonrandzone zeigen eine gute Korrelation zwischen erhöhtem Feuchtegehalt und der dunkel gefärbten Fahrbahnoberfläche. Die Ergebnisse beider zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethoden lassen den Schluss zu, dass die Betonfahrbahndecke in der Nähe des Fugenkreuzes eine höhere Durchfeuchtung als im Bereich der Querscheinfuge aufweist. Die geringste Durchfeuchtung besitzt die Betonfahrbahndecke in der Plattenmitte. Die mit den zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren ermittelten Befunde stimmen prinzipiell gut mit den punktuell mittels Darr-Wäge-Verfahren an Bohrmehlproben gewonnenen Ergebnissen überein.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">Darkening of the surface within alkali-silica reaction context - Root cause analysis with non-destructive measurement methods The damage evolution in concrete pavements due to alkali-silica reaction is characterized in the initial phase by a darkening of the surface along joint regions. It is generally assumed that an increased moisture content of the concrete boundary zone is responsible for this visual appearance. Against this background, a concrete pavement slab of a representative German motorway section was systematically investigated in-situ using different non-destructive measurement methods. The results of the high-resolution, planar radar showed an increased time of flight of the radar pulse between the pavement surface and the base of the concrete slab in the darkened areas. This indicated that the overall moisture content is increased near joints in the slab. Additional NMR moisture measurements in the concrete boundary zone confirmed the correlation between increased moisture content and the dark-colored surface of the concrete pavement. The results of both non-destructive measurement methods indicated that the moisture content near the intersection of two joints was higher than the moisture content near the area around the transverse joint. The lowest moisture content was measured in the center of the concrete pavement slab. The results obtained with the two non-destructive testing methods were in overall good agreement with moisture measurements of boring dust analyzed using the gravimetric method.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Beton- und Stahlbetonbau</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/best.201800020</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0005-9900</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1437-1006</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.10.2018</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Weise</author>
    <author>Thomas Kind</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>M. Wieland</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Betonfahrbahndecke</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Feuchtemessung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radar</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ZfP</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
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    <pageFirst>427</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>436</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>92</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Ernst &amp; Sohn</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Brandversuche an mechanisch belasteten Carbonzuggliedern</title>
    <title language="eng">Fire testing of loaded carbon tension members</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Anwendung von Zuggliedern aus Carbon ist durch die außergewöhnlich gute Ermüdungs- sowie hohe Zugfestigkeit des Werkstoffs motiviert. Ferner ergibt sich gegenüber Stahl eine deutliche Reduzierung des Querschnitts. Perspektivisch sollen damit u. a. Stahlzugglieder im Netzwerkbogenbrückenbau ersetzt werden. Das Tragverhalten von Carbonzuggliedern im Brandfall ist jedoch bislang unbekannt. Daher wurden mittels Bauteilbrandversuchen die Versagensmechanismen untersucht sowie anhand gewonnener Versuchsdaten eine exemplarische Einschätzung zur Gleichwertigkeit gegenüber konventionellen Stahlzuggliedern vorgenommen. Der Beitrag beschreibt realmaßstäbliche Brandversuche an mechanisch belasteten Carbonzuggliedern, die im Rahmen des Verbundforschungsvorhabens NeZuCa durchgeführt wurden. Das Versuchsprogramm umfasste vier Carbonzugglieder mit kreisrunden Querschnitten in zwei verschiedenen Durchmessern, 36 mm und 51 mm. In Ermangelung eines präskriptiven Brandszenarios für den im Projekt vorgesehenen Anwendungsfall und aus Gründen der Vergleichbarkeit erfolgte die Brandbeanspruchung nach Einheitstemperaturzeitkurve (ETK). Neben den Längsverformungen der Zugglieder wurden auch die Bauteil und Brandraumtemperaturen aufgezeichnet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Stahlbau</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1437-1049</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/stab.202200081</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0038-9145</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.07.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Jan Kremberg</author>
    <author>Dustin Häßler</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Sascha Hothan</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Netzwerkbogenbrücke</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbonzugglied</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Feuerwiderstand</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brandversuche</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.3 Brandingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59288</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>57</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Dordrecht</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on fire spalling assessment during standardised fire resistance tests: complementary guidance and requirements</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The recommendation is based on the co-authors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF “Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling”. It aims to provide useful information, guidance and best practices in fire spalling assessment to laboratories that perform large-scale tests based on fire resistance test standards. It provides guidance on the spalling observation techniques during testing, as well as post-test spalling quantification/assessment methods. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire resistance test standards, e.g. EN 1363-1 and ISO 834-1.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials and Structures</parentTitle>
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    <author>Pierre Pimienta</author>
    <author>Robert McNamee</author>
    <author>Fabienne Robert</author>
    <author>Lars Boström</author>
    <author>Shan-Shan Huang</author>
    <author>Katarzyna Mróz</author>
    <author>Colin Davie</author>
    <author>Siyimane Mohaine</author>
    <author>Maria Cruz Alonso</author>
    <author>Lenka Bodnarova</author>
    <author>Josipa Bosnjak</author>
    <author>Stefano Dal Pont</author>
    <author>Vinh Dao</author>
    <author>Dorjan Dauti</author>
    <author>Frank Dehn</author>
    <author>Roberto Felicetti</author>
    <author>Izabela Hager</author>
    <author>Rudolf Hela</author>
    <author>Tomaz Hozjan</author>
    <author>Michael Juknat</author>
    <author>Ulla-Maija Jumppanen</author>
    <author>Johannes Kirnbauer</author>
    <author>Jerneja Kolsek</author>
    <author>Manfred Korzen</author>
    <author>Hitesh Lakhani</author>
    <author>Maxime Lion</author>
    <author>Francesco Lo Monte</author>
    <author>Cristian Maluk</author>
    <author>Fekri Meftah</author>
    <author>Md Jihad Miah</author>
    <author>Alain Millard</author>
    <author>Jean-Christophe Mindeguia</author>
    <author>Bérénice Moreau</author>
    <author>Yahia Msaad</author>
    <author>Mitsuo Ozawa</author>
    <author>Francesco Pesavento</author>
    <author>Duc Toan Pham</author>
    <author>Klaus Pistol</author>
    <author>Ieuan Rickard</author>
    <author>Joao Paulo Correia Rodrigues</author>
    <author>Mohsen Roosefid</author>
    <author>Martin Schneider</author>
    <author>Umesh Kumar Sharma</author>
    <author>Kosmas Sideris</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Benedikt Weber</author>
    <author>Frank Weise</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Large scale tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardised fire resistance tests</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>56</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on the method of testing concrete spalling due to fire: material screening test</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The recommendation is based on the coauthors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF ‘‘Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling’’. The Committee has defined two types of screening tests for characterization of concrete propensity to fire spalling: Material screening tests and Product screening tests. Definitions of both types of tests are given in the paper. The following recommendations apply to Material screening tests. The material screening tests described in these recommendations are a set of minimum requirements to test concrete spalling propensity (for example, the minimal specimen size). This document covers the aspects of concrete characterization, specimen geometries, storage conditions, test methods and measured parameters.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials and Structures</parentTitle>
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    <author>Pierre Pimienta</author>
    <author>Robert McNamee</author>
    <author>Izabela Hager</author>
    <author>Katarzyna Mróz</author>
    <author>Lars Boström</author>
    <author>Siyimane Mohaine</author>
    <author>Shan-Shan Huang</author>
    <author>Jean-Christophe Mindeguia</author>
    <author>Fabienne Robert</author>
    <author>Colin Davie</author>
    <author>Roberto Felicetti</author>
    <author>Md Jihad Miah</author>
    <author>Maxime Lion</author>
    <author>Francesco Lo Monte</author>
    <author>Mitsuo Ozawa</author>
    <author>Ieuan Rickard</author>
    <author>Kosmas Sideris</author>
    <author>Maria Cruz Alonso</author>
    <author>Alain Millard</author>
    <author>Ulla-Maija Jumppanen</author>
    <author>Lenka Bodnarova</author>
    <author>Josipa Bosnjak</author>
    <author>Stefano Dal Pont</author>
    <author>Vinh Dao</author>
    <author>Dorjan Dauti</author>
    <author>Frank Dehn</author>
    <author>Rudolf Hela</author>
    <author>Tomaz Hozjan</author>
    <author>Michael Juknat</author>
    <author>Johannes Kirnbauer</author>
    <author>Jerneja Kolsek</author>
    <author>Manfred Korzen</author>
    <author>Hitesh Lakhani</author>
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    <author>Duc Toan Pham</author>
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    <author>Joao Paulo Correia Rodrigues</author>
    <author>Mohsen Roosefid</author>
    <author>Martin Schneider</author>
    <author>Umesh Kumar Sharma</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Benedikt Weber</author>
    <author>Frank Weise</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire Spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Screening tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.1 Baustoffe</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.3 Brandingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>41826</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>486</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>486</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>112</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Ernst &amp; Sohn</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="deu">Thermisch induzierter Feuchtetransport in HPC</title>
    <title language="eng">Thermally induced Moisture Transport in structure density High-performance Concrete</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Entwicklung von leistungsfähigen Fließmitteln in den letzten Jahrzehnten ermöglicht die Herstellung von Beton mit sehr geringem w/z-Wert, bei gleichzeitig guter Verarbeitbar-keit. Die Reduzierung des w/z-Wertes geht dabei mit einer Erhöhung der Festigkeit und einer Verdichtung der Gefü-gestruktur einher. Aufgrund der hohen Druckfestigkeit finden diese Hochleistungsbetone vermehrten Einsatz im Hoch-, Brücken-, und Tunnelbau. Unter Brandbeanspruchung neigen diese Hochleistungsbetone allerdings zu explosionsartigen Abplatzungen. Diese werden nach derzeitigem Stand auf thermomechanische und thermohydraulische Prozesse zurückgeführt. Letztere beruhen auf der Generierung hoher Wasserdampfdrücke in einseitig brandbeanspruchten Beton-bauteilen, die zum einen auf die geringe Permeabilität des Hochleistungsbetons und zum anderen auf die Bildung einer wassergesättigten Zone, der sogenannten „moisture clog“ zurückzuführen sind. Dabei spielen Verdampfungs- und Kondensationsvorgänge sowie der vorhandene Temperatur-gradient eine wichtige Rolle. Die Interaktion des Feuchtetra-nsportes mit den Gefügeveränderungen während der thermi-schen Beanspruchung soll im Rahmen weiterer Versuche eingehend untersucht werden.&#13;
Zur Analyse des Feuchtetransports während der thermischen Beanspruchung wurden miniaturisierte Prüfkörper aus Hoch-leistungsbeton hergestellt, die mit Hilfe eines elektrischen Heizelements einseitig erwärmt wurden. Zur Sicherstellung eines eindimensionalen Wärme- und Feuchtetransportes ist der Betonprüfkörper mit einer speziellen Glaskeramik und einer Hochtemperaturwolle ummantelt. Simultan zur Erwär-mung werden eine Reihe röntgentomographischer Aufnah-men durchgeführt. Durch Differenzbildung aufeinanderfol-gender Aufnahmen können Dichteveränderungen lokal und zeitlich aufgelöst werden. Diese lassen Rückschlüsse auf Än-derungen der Feuchteverteilung im Prüfkörper während der Erwärmung zu. Parallel dazu werden Untersuchungen mittels NMR-Relaxometrie (nuclear magnetic resonance) vor und nach der thermischen Beanspruchung durchgeführt. Diese Prüfmethodologie ermöglicht es erstmals, die Veränderungen der Feuchteverteilung infolge thermischer Beanspruchung im Hochleistungsbeton von den Gelporen bis hin zu vorhande-nen Verdichtungsporen abzubilden. So zeigen erste Ergebnis-se, dass die gewählten Untersuchungsmethoden Veränderun-gen der Feuchteverteilung im Prüfkörper räumlich und zeitlich auflösen können.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Beton- und Stahlbetonbau</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/best.201700022</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0005-9900</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1437-1006</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.09.2017</enrichment>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Bartosz Powierza</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Abplatzen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brand</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Feuchtetransport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochleistungsbeton</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgen-3D-Computertomographie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NMR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Moisture clog</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Moisture transport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HPC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HSC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray CT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62732</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Der Einfluss der Prüfbedingungen auf das Abplatzverhalten von Beton im Brandfall</title>
    <title language="eng">The influence of the test conditions on the spalling behaviour of concrete due to fire exposure</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Durchführung von realmaßstäblichen Bauteilversuchen zur Analyse des Abplatzverhaltens von Beton im Brandfall ist aufwendig, material‐ und kostenintensiv und setzt die Verfügbarkeit von Großbrandversuchsständen voraus. Daher wird die Abplatzneigung von Beton vorwiegend an kleinformatigen Prüfkörpern untersucht. Mit der Reduktion der Prüfkörpergröße verringert sich der thermische und hygrische Gradient im Randbereich, wodurch sowohl die thermisch induzierten Schädigungen im Beton als auch die Abplatzungen verringert werden. Für ein besseres Verständnis dieser komplexen Zusammenhänge wurde das Abplatzverhalten kleinformatiger Betonprüfkörper (Ø = 0,47 m; h = 0,29 m) mit verschiedenartigen Ummantelungen und unterschiedlichen Feuchtezuständen der Betonrandzone für zwei Normalbetone analysiert. Am Prüfkörper applizierte Stahlringe behinderten dabei die thermische Ausdehnung sowie den Wasserverlust über die Mantelfläche. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Abplatzungen infolge der Prüfkörperummantelung zunehmen und die Größenordnung vergleichender Großbrandversuche erreichen. Dies lässt den Schluss zu, dass die Ummantelung eines kleinformatigen Prüfkörpers mit Stahlring die Prüfbedingungen in der Mitte der brandbeanspruchten Fläche eines großformatigen Bauteils nachstellen kann. Des Weiteren führt die Vortrocknung der Betonrandzone zur Verzögerung bzw. Verringerung von Abplatzungen.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">Investigating the spalling behaviour of a concrete mixture using large scale members is complex and expensive. Thus, the susceptibility to spalling of concrete is investigated by means of fire tests on small format specimens. However, the reduction of the fire exposed surface increases the influence of boundary effects. Macrocracking and the water loss via the lateral surfaces reduce the thermomechanical and thermohydraulic damage and therefore, lower the risk of spalling. Thus, this study investigated the influence of different restraint and moisture conditions on the spalling behaviour of small format specimens (Ø = 0.47m; h = 0.29m) for two ordinary concrete mixtures. Applied steel rings restrained the thermal expansion of the specimen and prevented the water loss during the fire test. The results show that increased spalling occurred to a similar extend as in large scale fire tests because of a restrained expansion of the specimen. Further, a pre-dried boundary zone led to a delayed or rather a prevention of spalling compared to the non-dried specimens. To determine the susceptibility to spalling of a concrete mixture, the test conditions in the centre of a large scale member can be simulated by restraining the expansion of a small format specimen with applied steel rings.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Beton- und Stahlbetonbau</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/best.202400104</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1437-1006</identifier>
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Daher wird die Abplatzneigung von Beton vorwiegend an kleinformatigen Pr\u00fcfk\u00f6rpern untersucht. Mit der Reduktion der Pr\u00fcfk\u00f6rpergr\u00f6\u00dfe verringert sich der thermische und hygrische Gradient im Randbereich, wodurch sowohl die thermisch induzierten Sch\u00e4digungen im Beton als auch die Abplatzungen verringert werden. F\u00fcr ein besseres Verst\u00e4ndnis dieser komplexen Zusammenh\u00e4nge wurde das Abplatzverhalten kleinformatiger Betonpr\u00fcfk\u00f6rper (\u00d8 = 0,47\u2009m; &lt;jats:italic&gt;h&lt;\/jats:italic&gt; = 0,29\u2009m) mit verschiedenartigen Ummantelungen und unterschiedlichen Feuchtezust\u00e4nden der Betonrandzone f\u00fcr zwei Normalbetone analysiert. Am Pr\u00fcfk\u00f6rper applizierte Stahlringe behinderten dabei die thermische Ausdehnung sowie den Wasserverlust \u00fcber die Mantelfl\u00e4che. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Abplatzungen infolge der Pr\u00fcfk\u00f6rperummantelung zunehmen und die Gr\u00f6\u00dfenordnung vergleichender Gro\u00dfbrandversuche erreichen. Dies l\u00e4sst den Schluss zu, dass die Ummantelung eines kleinformatigen Pr\u00fcfk\u00f6rpers mit Stahlring die Pr\u00fcfbedingungen in der Mitte der brandbeanspruchten Fl\u00e4che eines gro\u00dfformatigen Bauteils nachstellen kann. Des Weiteren f\u00fchrt die Vortrocknung der Betonrandzone zur Verz\u00f6gerung bzw. 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    <author>André Kobe</author>
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      <value>Brand</value>
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      <value>Abplatzen</value>
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    <title language="deu">3D-Analyse von Betonfahrbahnoberflächen mit Grinding- und Groovingtextur mittels Streifenlichtprojektion</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Oberflächentexturierung der Betonfahrbahndecken mittels Grinding- und Grooving steht seit einigen Jahren im Mittelpunkt der Forschung und Entwicklung des Betonstraßenbaus in Deutschland. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden die vorteilhaften Oberflächenperformances derartiger Texturen wie z.B. Griffigkeit, Ebenheit, Lärmminderung in zahlreichen Forschungsprojekten umfassend untersucht und daraus die Technologie „Texturgrinding“ entwickelt.&#13;
Im Kontext des gegenwärtig verfolgten ganzheitlichen performanceorientierten Ansatzes liegt der Fokus nun verstärkt auf der Analyse und Charakterisierung der Oberflächentopografie von Grinding- bzw. Groovingtexturen. Insbesondere gilt ein Hauptaugenmerk hierbei der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Oberflächentexturen in Abhängigkeit von äußeren Einwirkungen durch Klima und Verkehr.&#13;
Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass durch den Einsatz eines auf Streifenlichtprojektion basierenden Messsystems, eine hochaufgelöste dreidimensionale Erfassung der Oberflächentopografie verschiedenartiger Grinding- und Groovingtexturen möglich ist. Darauf aufbauend wurden messtechnische Voraussetzungen zur Gewährleistung reproduzierbarer Messungen geschaffen, die eine Dokumentation der zeitlichen Texturveränderungen infolge klimatischer Beanspruchung ermöglichen. Anschließend wurden Auswerteroutinen zur quantitativen und statistischen Charakterisierung der Oberflächentextur entwickelt und angewandt, um exemplarisch die Veränderungen der Oberflächentopografie infolge klimatischer Beanspruchung quantitativ abzubilden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Beton- und Stahlbetonbau</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/best.202000015</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.07.2020</enrichment>
    <author>Alena Rai</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Frank Weise</author>
    <author>M. Wieland</author>
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      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Betonfahrbahndecken</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grinding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grooving</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oberflächentexturierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Streifenlichtprojektion</value>
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    <title language="eng">The impact of blended cements on the spalling behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures: a review</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The cement and concrete industries are striving to reduce the CO2 emissions caused by the production of Portland cement. An effective way to achieve this is to replace Portland cement clinker with more environmentally friendly supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to produce blended cements. A variety of different SCMs are used today, from fly ash to more exotic options such as rice husk ash or waste glass powder. Depending on its material properties, concrete exposed to fire may experience spalling caused by thermomechanical and thermohydraulic mechanisms. Severe spalling leads to a reduction in the cross-section and exposure of the reinforcement, jeopardizing the load-bearing capacity of the concrete element. The use of blended cements changes the concrete properties which can affect spalling behavior at high temperatures. The link between high temperature and spalling behavior of concrete with blended cements has been investigated in several studies. A review of the existing literature led to the conclusion that the cement type influences the spalling behavior of concrete. However, the relationship does not appear to be clear, as there are contradictions and inconsistencies between the evaluated results. Therefore, further in-depth studies will help to gain a more precise understanding of the effects of blended cements on the spalling behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials and Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1359-5997</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1617/s11527-025-02713-x</identifier>
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    <author>Tim Pittrich</author>
    <author>Frank Weise</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire-induced concrete spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blended cements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SCM</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Filler</value>
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    <title language="eng">Concretes containing blended-cements with reduced carbon-dioxide emissions: A chemo-thermo-hygro-mechanical model for elevated temperatures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A comprehensive analysis aimed at understanding and assessing the high-temperature behavior of concretes containing blended cements (CEM III/A, CEM II/B-Q, and CEM IV), characterized by low carbon-dioxide emissions (during clinker’s production) is necessary to reliably model the damage in the concrete, thermal spalling included. To this purpose, a numerical chemo-thermo-hygro-mechanical model is formulated, to investigate – among other phenomena – heat transmission and pore pressure for different aggregate types.&#13;
Based on an available hydration model, a dehydration model is established to numerically investigate the evolution of dehydration and porosity at elevated temperatures. Based on the properties of concrete and cement constituents on multiple scales, an analytical homogenization process is proposed to predict the thermal conductivity of the concrete. This process is later validated and implemented into a macroscopic modeling framework.&#13;
Chemo-thermo-hygro-mechanical analyses show that the dehydration characteristics of blended low carbon-dioxide release cements may increase pore pressure in the concrete by up to 13% compared to the concrete containing ordinary Portland cement. In addition, aggregates exhibiting high thermal conductivity may contribute to a further increase (even more than 35%) in pore pressure compared to aggregates with low thermal conductivity.&#13;
Last but not least, the proposed model provides the basis for the reduction of the number of the parameters commonly required in the chemo-thermo-hygro-mechanical modeling of cementitious materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Cement and concrete composites</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0958-9465</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106163</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-635894</identifier>
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Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106163"}}</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Simon Peters</author>
    <author>Tim Pittrich</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Frank Weise</author>
    <author>Günther Meschke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete at high temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dehydration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multiscale modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal conductivity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemo-hygro-thermal analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micromechanics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
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    <issue/>
    <volume>24</volume>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Thermal decomposition in blended cement systems and its effect on fire-induced concrete spalling: Insights from XRD and TGA</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Blended cements are gaining increasing popularity due to their lower CO2-footprint in comparison to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, this growing use raises the potential risk of buildings made with blended cement concrete being exposed to fire, which can lead to heavy damages caused by explosive concrete spalling. It has already been shown that the cement type strongly influences the fire-induced concrete spalling and the thermally induced moisture transport, however, to understand the mechanisms behind these findings the thermal decomposition behavior of the cementitious matrix must be investigated more systematically. Therefore, the phase content of three blended cement pastes (CEM II/A-LL, CEM III/A and CEM II/B-Q) was studied in comparison with a Portland cement paste (CEM I) after temperature exposure to 20 ◦C, 105 ◦C, 300 ◦C and 500 ◦C. Clear differences in the initial phase composition and their dehydration behavior between the individual cement types were recognized. In conclusion, blended cements showed lower amounts of AFt and AFm phases and additionally lower amounts of portlandite and C-(A)-S-H were found in CEM III/A and CEM II/B-Q pastes. The results suggest that higher AFt and AFm contents in CEM I, which are associated with greater water release at relatively low temperatures may ultimately reduce the spalling risk. Furthermore, C-(A)-S-H in CEM III/A and CEM II/B-Q showed increased thermal stability and large amounts of non-hydrated phases were found in every blended cement paste. Both of those aspects might contribute to thermomechanical spalling and the overall increased spalling susceptibility observed in blended cement concrete.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Case Studies in Construction Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2214-5095</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05784</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653698</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.02.2026</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Tim Pittrich</author>
    <author>Daniel Jansen</author>
    <author>Frank Weise</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <author>Frank Dehn</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire concrete spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High temperatures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blended cements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dehydration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XRD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TGA</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.1 Baustoffe</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
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    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Verkehrsinfrastrukturen</collection>
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    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <title language="eng">The NMR core analyzing TOMograph: A multi-functional tool for non-destructive testing of building materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">NMR is becoming increasingly popular for the investigation of building materials as it is a non-invasive technology that does not require any sample preparation nor causes damage to the material. Depending on the specific application it can offer insights into properties like porosity and spatial saturation degree as well as pore structure. Moreover it enables the determination of moisture transport properties and the (re-)distribution of internal moisture into different reservoirs or chemical phases upon damage and curing. However, as yet most investigations were carried out using devices originally either designed for geophysical applications or the analysis of rather homogeneous small scale (&lt; 10 mL) samples. This paper describes the capabilities of an NMR tomograph, which has been specifically optimized for the investigation of larger, heterogeneous building material samples (diameters of up to 72 mm, length of up to 700 mm) with a high flexibility due to interchangeable coils allowing for a high SNR and short echo times (50 - 80 m s).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Magnetic Resonance Letters</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.mrl.2023.03.004</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573755</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2097-0048</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Sabine Kruschwitz</author>
    <author>Sarah Mandy Munsch</author>
    <author>Melissa Telong</author>
    <author>Wolfram Schmidt</author>
    <author>Thilo Bintz</author>
    <author>Matthias Fladt</author>
    <author>Ludwig Stelzner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire spalling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Moisture transport</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cement hydration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sensitivity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Supplementary cementitous materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Frost salt attack</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
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