<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>2220</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>1996</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DECHEMA</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Frankfurt am Main</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chemisches Apparatewesen</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Umfassende analytische Charakterisierung handelsüblicher nichtionischer Tenside durch Kopplung von HPLC und MALDI-TOF-MS</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Dechema-Jahrestagung</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2158</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Dechema-Jahrestagung 1996</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Wiesbaden, Deutschland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">1996-05-21</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">1996-05-23</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Helmut Much</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <author>H. Heß</author>
    <author>H. Hübner</author>
    <author>T. Sobisch</author>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2167</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2000</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>379</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>394</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>37</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Philadelphia, PA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Macrocycles 12. Ring-Opening Polycondensations of Tin-Containing Macrocycles with Bis(Thioarylester)s</title>
    <abstract language="eng">2,2-Dibutyl-2-stanna-1,3-dioxepane (DSDOP) was polycondensed with bis(4-chlorothiophenyl) suberat under various reaction conditions, but only moderate molecular weights (Mn  10000) were obtained. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrosmetry revealed the formation of cyclic oligo- and polyesters in addition to linear species having OH, CO2H, and unreacted 4-chlorothiophenyl ester endgroups. 

Furthermore, -Caprolactone (-CL) was polymerized with DSDOP as the initiator at monomer/initiator (M/I) ratios of 20 and 50. The resulting tin-containing macrocyclic polylactones were reacted with sebacic acid bis(4-thiocresyl)ester at three different temperatures and with different reaction times. Analogous polycondensations were conducted with suberic acid bis(4-chlorothiophenyl) ester. The presence of thioarylester endgroups in the isolated polyesters was checked by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The highest conversions were found at long reaction times (24 or 72 hours), or after the addition of pyridine and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine as catalysts. Despite high conversions, the number average molecular weights (Mn's) did not exceed values around 20000. Even in the samples having the highest molecular weights, unreacted 4-chlorothiophenylester endgroups were detected by GPC measurements evaluated with a UV-detector. It is concluded that both factors, cyclization and incomplete conversion, contribute to the limitation of the chain growth.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of macromolecular science A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2100</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1081/MA-100101099</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1060-1325</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-5738</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.01.2003</enrichment>
    <author>H. Kricheldorf</author>
    <author>K. Hauser</author>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ring-Opening Polycondensations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Macrocycles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polyesters</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2170</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2000</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3656</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3664</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>19</issue>
    <volume>38</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Hoboken, NJ</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">New Polymer Syntheses - 107. Aliphatic Poly(thio ester)s by Ring-Opening Polycondensation of 2-Stanna-1,3-Dithiacycloalkanes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We prepared 2,2-dibutyl-2-stanna-1,3-dithiacycloalkanes from dibutyltin oxide and ,-dimercaptoalkanes. Heterocycles with five-, six-, seven-, or nine-ring members were used as bifunctional monomers for polycondensations with aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides. These polycondensations conducted in bulk were highly exothermic and yielded poly(thio ester)s with number average molecular weights (Mn's) in the range of 5000-30,000 Da. These poly(thio ester)s proved to be rapidly crystallizing materials with melting temperatures in the range of 90-150 °C. In addition to the success of the new synthetic approach, two interesting and unpredictable results were obtained. All volatile species detectable by matrix assisted laser desorption induced-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry were cyclic oligo- and poly(thio ester)s. Second, several polyesters showed a reversible first-order change of the crystal modification as identified by differential scanning calorimetry measurements and X-ray scattering with variation of the temperature. © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3656-3664, 2000</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of polymer science A, polymer chemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2103</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/1099-0518(20001001)38:19&lt;3656::AID-POLA190&gt;3.0.CO;2-M</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0360-6376</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0887-624X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">ZJ 18A</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.01.2003</enrichment>
    <author>H. Kricheldorf</author>
    <author>N. Probst</author>
    <author>G. Schwarz</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Poly(thio-ester)s</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ring-opening polycondensation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Macrocycles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Change of crystal structure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2222</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>1996</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Montpellier</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterization of unusual Silsesquioxane-Based Polymer Architectures Based on the Coupling of Liquid Chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">11th International Symposium on Organosilicon Chemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2163</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11th International Symposium on Organosilicon Chemistry</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Montpellier, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">1996-09-01</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">1996-09-06</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Helmut Much</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <author>H. Frey</author>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2154</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>1997</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>225</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>231</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>55</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Applied Science Publ.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thermal decomposition of biodegradable polyesters - III. Studies on the mechanisms of thermal degradation of oligo-L-lactide using SEC, LACCC and MALDI-TOF-MS</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymer degradation and stability</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2087</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0141-3910</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-2321</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">13.01.2003</enrichment>
    <author>O. Wachsen</author>
    <author>K.H. Reichert</author>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Helmut Much</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2202</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>1995</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Berliner Verband für Polymerforschung e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung des Abbaus von Polylactiden mittels 2D-HPLC und MALDI-TOF-MS</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Bericht vom Berliner Verband für Polymerforschung e.V. 1995</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2139</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Sitznung des Berliner Verband für Polymerforschung e.V.</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">1995-05-18</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">1995-05-18</enrichment>
    <author>O. Wachsen</author>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Helmut Much</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <author>K.H. Reichert</author>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2206</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>1995</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung des Polylactidabbaus mittels HPLC und MALDI-TOF-MS</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Bericht der Präsentationsveranstaltung des Instituts für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof e.V.</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2144</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Präsentationsveranstaltung des Instituts für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof e.V.</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">1995-09-26</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Helmut Much</author>
    <author>K.H. Reichert</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <author>O. Wachsen</author>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2623</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2003</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>4471</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4480</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>44</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Macrocycles 25. Cyclic poly(ether sulfone)s derived from 4-tert-butylcatechol</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Poly(ether sulfone)s were prepared by polycondensation of silylated 4-tert-butylcatechol and 4,4?-difluorodiphenylsulfone in N-methylpyrrolidone. The feed ratio and the reaction time were varied to study the influence of stoichiometry and conversion on molecular weight and extent of cyclization. Molecular weights and molecular weight distributions (MWD)s were characterized by SEC measurements calibrated with polystyrene. Light scattering confirmed that calibration with polystyrene gives reasonable results and revealed a tendency towards a bimodal MWD for the samples rich in cycles. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that the extent of cyclization increased with higher conversion and with optimization of the stoichiometry. This interpretation was confirmed by 1H NMR endgroup analyses. For the samples with the highest molar masses only mass peaks of cycles were found, which were detectable up to 20 000 Da before and up to 27 000 Da after fractionation. Via the pseudo-high dilution method low molar mass poly(ether sulfone) containing more than 95 mol% of cycles were prepared, and even these low molar mass samples had broad MWDs. DSC measurements indicated that the glass transition temperatures depend on the structure of the endgroups and increase with higher fractions of cycles.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymer</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2590</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00410-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0032-3861</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-2291</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">ZP 23</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.08.2003</enrichment>
    <author>H.R. Kricheldorf</author>
    <author>L. Vakhtangishvili</author>
    <author>G. Schwarz</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Poly(ether sulfone)s</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polycondensation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2176</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2001</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>8886</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8893</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>34</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Chemical Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Macrocycles 18. The Role of Cyclization in Syntheses of Poly(ether-sulfone)s</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Poly(ether-sulfone)s having an identical backbone were prepared by four different methods. First, silylated bisphenol A (BSBA) was polycondensed with 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone (DFDPS) and K2CO3 in N-methylpyrrolidone with variation of the temperature. Second, analogous polycondensation were conducted using CsF as catalyst (and no K2CO3). Third, CsF-catalyzed polycondensations BSBA and DFDPS were conducted in bulk up to 290 C. Fourth, free bisphenol was polycondensed with DFDPS or 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and K2CO3 in DMSO with azeotropic removal of water. MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy revealed that the first method mainly yielded cyclic poly(ether-sulfone)s which were detected up to masses around 13 000 Da. These and other results suggest that these polycondensations take a kinetically kontrolled course at tempeatures 145 C. This interpretation is also valid for the fourth method where high yields of cycles were obtained with DFDPS. With the less reactive 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone lower conversions, lower molecular weights and lower fractions of cycles were found. In contrast to KF (resulting from K2CO3) CsF cleaves the poly(ether sulfone) backbone at temperatures &gt; 145 C. Smaller amounts of smaller cycles were found in these CsF-catalyzed polycondensations which were in this case the result of thermodynamically controlled "back-biting degradation".</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Macromolecules</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2109</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/ma010218l</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0024-9297</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-5835</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.01.2003</enrichment>
    <author>H.R. Kricheldorf</author>
    <author>S. Böhme</author>
    <author>G. Schwarz</author>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2190</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2003</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>CD-ROM</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Univ., IKT, IAMC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Stuttgart</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Institut für Kunststofftechnologie, Stuttgart</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Synthese von Polylactiden mittels reaktiver Extrusion und Produktcharakterisierung durch Kopplung von HPLC-Methoden mit der MALDI-TOF-MS</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">18. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">2126</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">3-00-010663-4</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">18. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Stuttgart, Deutschland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2003-03-19</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2003-03-20</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph-Peter Krüger</author>
    <author>Jana Falkenhagen</author>
    <author>Günter Schulz</author>
    <author>M. Heinemann</author>
    <author>S. Weinmann</author>
    <author>Jörg Florian Friedrich</author>
    <author>H.-G. Fritz</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
