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    <title language="deu">Neues aus der BAM / Fachbereich 9.2</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In dieser Präsentation werden die neuesten Herausforderungen und der Stand des Fachbereiches 9.2 für die Mitarbeit im AK des HGF "Bau wissenschaftlicher Geräte" dargestellt. Hierfür werden Neuigkeiten aus dem Bereich Materialprüfung in der BAM präsentiert und mit den Arbeiten der Zentralwerkstatt, die hierfür notwendig sind, in Zusammenhang gebracht.</abstract>
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    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
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    <title language="eng">Energy efficiency in materials testing by reactive power part 2: resonance method in fatigue testing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Reactive power is related to the type of power that does not consume energy but stores it. In the design of test machines, the utilization of this physical phenomenon would be very beneficial. Reactive power allows for the combination of power amplification with energy savings, making it an ideal principle for conducting long-term tests that involve high loads and prolonged energy consumption. This work focuses on testing machines operating in resonance, which allows for higher test frequencies and reduced test durations. Various types of fatigue testing machines, including those with rotating-unbalance actuators, servo-hydraulic actuators, and piezoelectric actuators, are examined through vibration analysis, methodical design, and mechatronics. Resonant testing machines provide significant advantages in energy efficiency and test accuracy for a wide range of applications in materials testing. These methods are crucial for future applications in industries where energy efficiency and precise fatigue testing are critical, such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering.</abstract>
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    <author>Dietmar Findeisen</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Resonant test machines</value>
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    <title language="eng">Energy efficiency in materials testing by reactive power – part 1: power recirculating method in wear testing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Reactive power is related to the type of power that does not consume energy but stores it. In the design of test machines, the utilization of this physical phenomenon would be very beneficial. Reactive power allows for the combination of power amplification with energy savings, making it an ideal principle for conducting long-term tests that involve high loads and prolonged energy consumption. This concept is illustrated in this work focusing test machines used in rotary testing procedures. Drive element pairs, which serve as component test objects, are primarily exposed to wear stress. These stressed element pairs are consequently integral parts of a tribological system. The underlying principles of power amplification and power feedback are explained from the perspectives of drive technology, systematic design, methodical design, and mechatronics.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Testing</parentTitle>
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    <author>Dietmar Findeisen</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
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    <title language="eng">Local mechanical properties of dissimilar metal TIG welded joints of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy and AISI 304 austenitic steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Multiple principal element alloys encompass the well-known high entropy alloys (HEA). The alloy system represents a new class of materials consisting of at least three alloying elements, each containing 5 to 35 at.%. Thus, this alloying concept differs fundamentally from conventional materials such as steel or nickel alloys. For this purpose, the alloying elements are specifically selected, the microstructures are adjusted in a single-phase and, in some cases, multi-phase manner. In particular, conflicting goals, such as the trade-off between strength and ductility in conventional steels, are overcome. However, in the last 20 years, the focus has been on material synthesis. With the increase in available material quantities, the focus is now on processing issues such as joining and welding processes. The weldability of HEAs has received very little attention so far. The experience with dissimilar metal welds is completely lacking but is essential for the application of these materials in combination with conventional materials. The present study presents comprehensive experimental results on the weldability of an equimolar CoCrFeMnNi-HEA in cold-rolled and heat-treated condition, which was joined by tungsten inert gas welding to an austenitic steel AISI 304. The mechanical properties of the dissimilar metal welds were characterized by cross-weld tensile samples, whereas the local deformation in the weld of the different welding zones was measured by digital image correlation. In accordance with the respective initial HEA condition (cold-rolled vs. heat-treated), the local strain behavior was divergent and influenced the global mechanical properties of both DMW types. Nonetheless, the experiments provided proof in principle of the weldability for dissimilar joints of the CoCrFeMnNi-HEA welded to conventional materials like austenitic stainless steels ensuring a corresponding capability for mechanical loading. This allows further considerations on the application of these innovative materials.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Stresses in repair welding of high-strength steels—part 1: restraint and cold cracking risk</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractThe sustainable and resource-efficient production of wind energy plants requires the use of modern high-strength fine-grain structural steels. This applies to both foundation and erection structures, like mobile or ship cranes. During the assembly of steel structures, unacceptable defects can occasionally be found in the weld area. In most cases, the economical solution would be local thermal gouging of the affected areas and re-welding. Due to the high shrinkage restraint of the joint groove in the overall structure, the superposition of global and local welding-induced stresses may lead to crack formation and component failure, particularly in interaction with the degradation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steels during the repair process. However, manufacturers hardly have any information about these issues and there is a lack of recommendations and guidelines to take these safety-relevant aspects into account in adequate repair concepts. The aim of this research is to derive recommendations for repair concepts appropriate to the stresses and materials involved providing a basis for standards and guidelines to avoid cold cracking, damage and expensive reworking especially for high-strength steels. Part 1 of this study involves systematic investigations of influences of shrinkage restraint during repair welding of two high-strength steels S500MLO for offshore application and S960QL for mobile crane structures. The quantification of the shrinkage restraint of repair weld joints was achieved by means of experimental and numerical restraint intensity analysis. In welding experiments with self-restrained slot specimens, restraint intensity and introduction of hydrogen via the welding arc using anti spatter spray were varied systematically to analyse the effect on welding result, residual stresses and cold cracking. It could be shown that increasing restraint intensities result in significantly higher transverse residual stress levels. In the case of hydrogen introduction S500MLO showed no cold cracking independent of the restraint conditions. However, S960QL was found to be considerably cold cracking sensitive if hydrogen is introduced. With increasing restraint intensity length and number of cold cracks increases significantly. Part 2 [1] of this study is focussed on microstructure and residual stresses due to gouging and stress optimization via adequate heat control parameters in repair welding.</abstract>
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This applies to both foundation and erection structures, like mobile or ship cranes. During the assembly of steel structures, unacceptable defects can occasionally be found in the weld area. In most cases, the economical solution would be local thermal gouging of the affected areas and re-welding. Due to the high shrinkage restraint of the joint groove in the overall structure, the superposition of global and local welding-induced stresses may lead to crack formation and component failure, particularly in interaction with the degradation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steels during the repair process. However, manufacturers hardly have any information about these issues and there is a lack of recommendations and guidelines to take these safety-relevant aspects into account in adequate repair concepts. The aim of this research is to derive recommendations for repair concepts appropriate to the stresses and materials involved providing a basis for standards and guidelines to avoid cold cracking, damage and expensive reworking especially for high-strength steels. Part 1 of this study involves systematic investigations of influences of shrinkage restraint during repair welding of two high-strength steels S500MLO for offshore application and S960QL for mobile crane structures. The quantification of the shrinkage restraint of repair weld joints was achieved by means of experimental and numerical restraint intensity analysis. In welding experiments with self-restrained slot specimens, restraint intensity and introduction of hydrogen via the welding arc using anti spatter spray were varied systematically to analyse the effect on welding result, residual stresses and cold cracking. It could be shown that increasing restraint intensities result in significantly higher transverse residual stress levels. In the case of hydrogen introduction S500MLO showed no cold cracking independent of the restraint conditions. However, S960QL was found to be considerably cold cracking sensitive if hydrogen is introduced. With increasing restraint intensity length and number of cold cracks increases significantly. Part 2 [1] of this study is focussed on microstructure and residual stresses due to gouging and stress optimization via adequate heat control parameters in repair welding.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.1007\/s40194-024-01691-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T07:02:40Z","timestamp":1706166160000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stresses in repair welding of high-strength steels\u2014part 1: restraint and cold cracking risk"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2226-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Schroepfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kromm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kannengiesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1691_CR1","unstructured":"Schroepfer D, Witte J, Kromm A, Kannengiesser T (2023) Stresses in repair welding of high-strength steels, Part 2: Heat Control and Stress Optimization (IIW Doc. 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    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
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    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
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    <title language="eng">Stresses in repair welding of high-strength steels—part 2: heat control and stress optimization</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In welding of high-strength steels, e.g. for foundations and erection structures of wind energy plants, unacceptable defects can occasionally be found in the weld area, which should be removed by thermal gouging and subsequent re-welding. High shrinkage restraint of repair welds may lead to crack formation and component failure, predominantly in interaction with degraded microstructures and mechanical properties due to repair cycles. This study aims for elaboration of recommendations for repair concepts appropriate to the stresses and materials involved to avoid cold cracking, damage and expensive reworking. In part 1 [1] of this study, systematic investigations of influences of shrinkage restraint on residual stresses and cold cracking risk during repair welding of two high-strength steels S500MLO for offshore application and S960QL for mobile crane structures were focussed. In this part 2, the microstructure, particularly hardness, and residual stresses due to gouging and influences of heat control parameters in repair welding are analysed. A clear reduction in residual stress after gouging can be observed, especially for the specimens with restrained transverse shrinkage. Gouging to a depth of approx. 2/3 of the seam height does not lead to a complete relaxation of the observed reaction forces. Particularly for the higher strength steel S960QL, there are pronounced areas influenced by the gouging process in which a degradation of the microstructure and properties should be assumed. Overall, the repair welds show a significant increase in the width of the weld and HAZ compared to the original weld, especially in the case of S960QL/G89. The repair welds show higher welding-induced stresses than the original welds, especially in the areas of the HAZ and the base metal close to the weld seam. This behaviour can be attributed overall to increased restraint conditions due to the remaining root weld or shorter gouge grooves. In good agreement with earlier investigations, the residual stresses transverse to the weld can be significantly reduced by upwardly limited working or interpass temperatures, and the reaction stresses resulting from high restraint conditions can be effectively counteracted. The influence of the heat input on the stress formation is low compared to the interpass temperature for both test materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-024-01731-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600259</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.05.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Julien Witte</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair-welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wind Energy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cold cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stresses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore steels</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
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    <volume>68</volume>
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    <publisherPlace>Berlin ; Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="eng">Alloy modification and ultrasonic-assisted milling of wear-resistant alloys with defined surfaces</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The reduction of CO2 emissions is closely linked to the development of highly efficient and economical steel components in plant and process engineering. To withstand the high combined corrosive, tribological, thermal, and mechanical stresses, wear-resistant coatings tailored to the application and steel grade are used. In addition to the increasing demand to substitute conventional cobalt alloys with nickel alloys, there is also a growing need for defined or functional surfaces of high integrity. Due to high tool wear, milling operations required to produce the complex geometries of the components are often not economically feasible for SMEs. By means of alloy modification of the filler metals for nickel-based plasma build-up welded wear-resistant coatings and by the use of innovative ultrasonic-assisted milling processes more favourable machinability shall be achieved without reducing the wear protection potential. In this paper, the influence of the microstructure and precipitation morphology adjusted by means of alloy modification on the machinability is investigated. This is done based on a wear protection alloy NiCrMoSiFeB (trade name: Colmonoy 56 PTA) typically used for screw machines, which substitutes conventional CoCr alloys (Stellite). Metallurgical investigations and in-situ measurements of occurring process forces and temperatures at the tool cutting edge during milling as well as subsequent investigations of tool wear and surface integrity allow a detailed analysis and correlation between microstructural properties and machinability. For the cast samples, a clear change in the microstructure and hardness can be seen through the addition of Al, Ti, or Nb. These differences lead to an improvement in the machining process for Nb. Al and Ti cause long-needled or star-shaped precipitations and hardness increases, which lead to higher cutting forces and increased tool wear.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-024-01786-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.12.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Marcel Giese</author>
    <author>Maraike Gräbner</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Kai Treutler</author>
    <author>Svenja Lorenz</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Volker Wesling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cladding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wear resistant alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy modification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post-processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic assisted milling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Renewable energy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
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    <title language="eng">Surface Functionalization of Novel Work‐Hardening Multi‐Principal‐Element Alloys by Ultrasonic Assisted Milling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The development of multi‐principal‐element alloys (MPEAs) with unique characteristics such as high work hardening capacity similar to well‐known alloy systems like Hadfield steel X120Mn12 (ASTM A128) is a promising approach. Hence, by exploiting the core effects of MPEAs, the application range of conventional alloy systems can be extended. In the present study, work‐hardening MPEAs based on the equimolar composition CoFeNi are developed. Mn and C are alloyed in the same ratio as for X120Mn12. The production route consists of cast manufacturing by an electric arc furnace and surface functionalization via mechanical finishing using ultrasonic‐assisted milling (USAM) to initiate work hardening. The microstructure evolution, the hardness as well as the resulting oscillating wear resistance are detected. A pronounced lattice strain and grain refinement due to the plastic deformation during the USAM is recorded for the MPEA CoFeNi‐Mn12C1.2. Consequently, hardness increases by ≈380 HV0.025 in combination with a higher oscillating wear resistance compared to the X120Mn12. This shows the promising approach for developing work‐hardening alloys based on novel alloy concepts such as MPEAs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Engineering Materials</parentTitle>
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    <author>Bianca Preuß</author>
    <author>Thomas Lindner</author>
    <author>Niclas Hanisch</author>
    <author>Marcel Giese</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Tim Richter</author>
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    <title language="eng">Processing of crack-free Nickel- and Cobalt-based wear protection coatings and defined surfaces by subsequent milling processes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the area of plant engineering, steel components are provided with a wear protection coating for efficient use to protect them against corrosive, tribological, thermal and mechanical stresses. The use of innovative ultrasound-assisted milling processes and plasma-welded nickel- and cobalt-based wear protection coatings are being investigated to determine how more favourable machinability can be achieved while retaining the same wear protection potential. The focus is on the NiCrSiFeB alloy, which is intended to replace CoCr alloys in the area of screw machines. The utilization of ultrasonic-assisted milling for the machining of coating materials is a novel approach. The modification of hard facing layers in terms of microstructure and precipitation morphology as well as suitability for machining is investigated and compared with the CoCr alloy. The alloy modifications are generated by a PTA process by systematically adjusting the preheating and interpass temperatures, a crack-free wear-resistant layer can be generated, which is subsequently machined by a milling process. In addition to the crack-free properties, the microstructure, the bonding as well as the mixing between the NiCrSiFeB alloy and a 1.8550 as well as between the CoCr alloy and a 1.4828 are analysed and compared in the joining areas. In addition, heating and cooling rates are determined and a chemical analysis of the weld metals is performed. Furthermore, it was found that the build-up layers of NiCrSiFeB alloy are more difficult to machine using the milling process than the CoCr alloy, as higher milling forces are required.</abstract>
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The use of innovative ultrasound-assisted milling processes and plasma-welded nickel- and cobalt-based wear protection coatings are being investigated to determine how more favourable machinability can be achieved while retaining the same wear protection potential. The focus is on the NiCrSiFeB alloy, which is intended to replace CoCr alloys in the area of screw machines. The utilization of ultrasonic-assisted milling for the machining of coating materials is a novel approach. The modification of hard facing layers in terms of microstructure and precipitation morphology as well as suitability for machining is investigated and compared with the CoCr alloy. The alloy modifications are generated by a PTA process by systematically adjusting the preheating and interpass temperatures, a crack-free wear-resistant layer can be generated, which is subsequently machined by a milling process. 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    <title language="deu">Beanspruchungsgerechte Reparatur von Schweißverbindungen bei der Fertigung von Bauteilen aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Zunehmende Anlagengrößen im Bereich Windenergie erfordern hochfeste Stähle, um vorhandene Leichtbaupotenziale auszuschöpfen. An die schweißtechnische Verarbeitung dieser Stahlgüten werden hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Bei mittels zerstörungsfreier Prüfung festgestellten Fehlstellen empfehlen geltende Verarbeitungsrichtlinien lokales Ausfugen und Reparaturschweißen. Degradationen der speziellen hochfesten Gefüge und Werkstoffeigenschaften sowie hohe Schrumpfbehinderungen der umliegenden Struktur ausgefugter Bereiche erhöhen das Risiko erneuter Schweißdefekte, insbesondere durch Überlagerung von globalen und lokalen schweißbedingten Eigenspannungen nach dem Reparaturschweißen. Fehlende Informationen über geeignete Reparaturkonzepte in den Regelwerken können dazu führen, dass reparaturbedingte Beanspruchungen unzureichend berücksichtigt werden. Das FOSTA-Vorhaben P1311 (IGF20162N) fokussiert das Reparaturschweißen zweier hochfester Stähle: S500MLO für Offshore-Anwendungen und S960QL für Errichterstrukturen, z. B. Mobilkräne. Simulationen von Einspannbedingungen und Bauteilanalysen sowie Versuche mit anwendungs- bzw. realitätsnahen Bauteilstrukturen ließen sich auftretende schweißbedingte Beanspruchungen mittels Röntgendiffraktometrie (XRD), Härtemessungen und metallografischer Untersuchungen ermitteln. In diesem Beitrag steht die Interaktion aus Wärmeführung und konstruktiver Steifigkeit als Einfluss auf die entstehenden Beanspruchungen bei einfacher und mehrfacher Reparatur im Vordergrund. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich risskritische Eigenspannungen durch adaptierte Wärmeführungskonzepte vermeiden lassen, und dass dies eine Grundlage für Verarbeitungsempfehlungen und für normative Vorgaben ist. Dies kann insbesondere kleine und mittelständischen Unternehmen bei einer wirtschaftlichen, beanspruchungsgerechten Reparatur hochfester geschweißter Bauteilen unterstützen.</abstract>
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    <title language="deu">Fertigungsbedingte Beanspruchungen und Kaltrisssicherheit in generativ gefertigten Bauteilen aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Additive Fertigungsverfahren wie das Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) oder Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) ermöglichen die effiziente Herstellung gewichtsoptimierter, endkonturnaher Bauteile im modernen Stahlbau. Steigerungen der Effizienz können durch den Einsatz hochfester Stähle erreicht werden, insbesondere durch Verringerung von Wandstärken und Bauteilgewicht sowie signifikante Einsparung&#13;
von Kosten, Zeit und Ressourcen. DED-Arc Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe sind bereits auf dem Markt verfügbar, allerdings fehlen Richtlinien und quantitative Kenntnisse über die schweißbedingte Beanspruchung während der Fertigung und im Betrieb, welche den industriellen Einsatz stark limitieren. In einem gemeinsamen Projekt der BAM und der Technischen Universität Chemnitz wurden die wesentlichen Einflüsse und komplexen Wechselwirkungen von Werkstoff, Fertigungsverfahren, Konstruktion und Bearbeitungsschritten auf die Eigenspannungen untersucht. Ziel war es, den stahlverarbeitenden Anwendern, insbesondere KMU, eine risssichere und beanspruchungsgerechte Herstellung und Modifizierung von Bauteilen und Halbzeugen aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustahl unter Verwendung MSG-basierter generativer Verfahren zu ermöglichen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Fertigungsbedingte Beanspruchungen und Kaltrisssicherheit in generativ gefertigten Bauteilen aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen - Kurzdarstellung der Projektergebnisse, FOSTA P1380</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Innovationstage 2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Karsten Wandtke</author>
    <author>Lorenz Engelking</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Ronny Scharf-Wildenhain</author>
    <author>Andre Hälsig</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Feinkornbaustähle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kaltrisssicherheit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61933</id>
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    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <title language="deu">Beanspruchungsgerechte Reparatur von Schweiß-Verbindungen bei der Fertigung von Bauteilen aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen (FOSTA P1311, IGF 20162 N)</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Zunehmende Anlagengrößen im Bereich Windenergie erfordern hochfeste Stähle, um vorhandene Leichtbaupotenziale auszuschöpfen. An die schweißtechnische Verarbeitung dieser Stahlgüten werden hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Bei mittels zerstörungsfreier Prüfung festgestellten Fehlstellen empfehlen geltende Verarbeitungsrichtlinien lokales Ausfugen und Reparaturschweißen. Degradationen der speziellen hochfesten Gefüge und Werkstoffeigenschaften sowie hohe Schrumpfbehinderungen der umliegenden Struktur ausgefugter Bereiche erhöhen das Risiko erneuter Schweißdefekte, insbesondere durch Überlagerung von globalen und lokalen schweißbedingten Eigenspannungen nach dem Reparaturschweißen. Fehlende Informationen über geeignete Reparaturkonzepte in den Regelwerken können dazu führen, dass reparaturbedingte Beanspruchungen unzureichend berücksichtigt werden. Das FOSTA-Vorhaben P1311 (IGF20162N) fokussiert das Reparaturschweißen zweier hochfester Stähle: S500MLO für Offshore- Anwendungen und S960QL für Errichterstrukturen, z. B. Mobilkräne. Simulationen von Einspannbedingungen und Bauteilanalysen sowie Versuche mit anwendungs- bzw. realitätsnahen Bauteilstrukturen ließen sich auftretende schweißbedingte Beanspruchungen mittels Röntgendiffraktometrie (XRD), Härtemessungen und metallografischer Untersuchungen ermitteln. In diesem Beitrag steht die Interaktion aus Wärmeführung und konstruktiver Steifigkeit als Einfluss auf die entstehenden Beanspruchungen bei einfacher und mehrfacher Reparatur im Vordergrund. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich risskritische Eigenspannungen durch adaptierte Wärmeführungskonzepte vermeiden lassen, und dass dies eine Grundlage für Verarbeitungsempfehlungen und für normative Vorgaben ist. Dies kann insbesondere kleine und mittelständischen Unternehmen bei einer wirtschaftlichen, beanspruchungsgerechten Reparatur hochfester geschweißter Bauteilen unterstützen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Innovationstage 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Düsseldorf, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.04.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Levin Reichel</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reparaturschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermisches Ausfugen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sprühlichtbogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Offshore</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61927</id>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Evaluation of the wear protection of modified Nimocrsi alloy and machinability using ultrasonic-assisted milling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The targets for reducing CO2 emissions are closely linked to the development of highly efficient and economical steel components in plant, process and power plant technology, which require wear protection coatings tailored to the application and steel material for high combined corrosive, tribological, thermal and mechanical stresses. There is a growing demand in industry for defined functional surfaces of high quality for these coatings. Milling is a standard process for finish machining. The desired properties of wear resistant alloys imply significant challenges for the milling process due to high tool wear and surface defects. Besides the hardness of the coating materials, especially due to the precipitations, inhomogeneous, anisotropic weld structures of the claddings lead to further deteriorations of milling processes due to unstable milling conditions and process forces.&#13;
A joint project of BAM and ISAF of TU Clausthal (Fosta P1550/IGF 21959 N) investigates the optimization of these challenging machining conditions by means of alloy modifications of the welding powder for plasma transferred arc cladding, without reducing the wear protection potential and using ultrasonic assisted milling process.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">6th European Symposium on Friction, Wear and Wear Protection</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Oberhof, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.02.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <subject>
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      <value>Ultrasonic assisted milling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Surface integrity</value>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>8</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1-2</issue>
    <volume>76</volume>
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    <publisherName>DVS-Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="deu">Herstellung beanspruchungsgerechter Oberflächen durch Kombination innovativer additiver und abtragender Fertigungsschritte an hochbelasteten Komponenten</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die additive Fertigung mittels Schweißverfahren bietet große ökonomische Vorteile für eine ressourceneffiziente Bauteilherstellung. Offene Fragen bezüglich Homogenität, Anisotropie der Schweißgefüge und den damit verbundenen Bauteileigenschaften stehen einer wirtschaftlichen Verarbeitung oftmals im Wege. Finale Bauteilgeometrie und Oberflächengüte erfordern meist komplementäre subtraktive Fertigungsschritte. Werkstoffe für hochbelastbare Komponenten sind oftmals schwer spanbar. In einem Vorhaben der BAM und des ISAF wurde untersucht, wie die Modifikation der AM-Schweißzusätze und das ultraschallunterstützte Fräsen (US) die Zerspanungssituation verbessern. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt wesentliche Zusammenhänge zwischen Legierung, Gefüge und Zerspanung zweier schwer spanbarer Hochleistungslegierungen (FeNi und CoCr) dar. Großes Potenzial zeigte neben dem US die Modifikation mit Zr und Hf bei Zulegierung in das Schweißgut mittels Beschichtung von Massivdrähten bzw. Herstellung von Fülldrähten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Schweissen und Schneiden</parentTitle>
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    <author>Lorenz Engelking</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>A. Eissel</author>
    <author>K. Treutler</author>
    <author>V. Wesling</author>
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      <value>Legierungsmodifikation</value>
    </subject>
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      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultraschallunterstütztes Fräsen</value>
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      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Oberflächenintegrität</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metallschutzgasschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Fertigungsbedingte Beanspruchungen und Kaltrisssicherheit in generativ gefertigten Bauteilen aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustählen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Additive Fertigungsverfahren wie das Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) oder Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) ermöglichen die effiziente Herstellung gewichtsoptimierter, endkonturnaher Bauteile im modernen Stahlbau. Steigerungen der Effizienz können durch den Einsatz hochfester Stähle erreicht werden, insbesondere durch Verringerung von Wandstärken und Bauteilgewicht sowie signifikante Einsparung von Kosten, Zeit und Ressourcen. DED-Arc Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe sind bereits auf dem Markt verfügbar, allerdings fehlen Richtlinien und quantitative Kenntnisse über die schweißbedingte Beanspruchung während der Fertigung und im Betrieb, welche den industriellen Einsatz stark limitieren. In einem gemeinsamen Projekt der BAM und der Technischen Universität Chemnitz wurden die wesentlichen Einflüsse und komplexen Wechselwirkungen von Werkstoff, Fertigungsverfahren, Konstruktion und Bearbeitungsschritten auf die Eigenspannungen untersucht. Ziel war es, den stahlverarbeitenden Anwendern, insbesondere KMU, eine risssichere und beanspruchungsgerechte Herstellung und Modifizierung von Bauteilen und Halbzeugen aus hochfesten Feinkornbaustahl unter Verwendung MSG-basierter generativer Verfahren zu ermöglichen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVS Innovationstage 2024</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.04.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>Karsten Wandtke</author>
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    <author>Ronny Scharf-Wildenhain</author>
    <author>Andre Hälsig</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>J. Hensel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Feinkornbaustähle</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Kaltrisssicherheit</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc), Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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