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    <title language="deu">Fließeigenschaften fester Gefahrgüter vor dem Hintergrund der Sicherheit beim Gefahrguttransport in Gefahrgutverpackungen - Teil 2: Vergleichende Schüttwinkeluntersuchungen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In den deutschen Zulassungen für Gefahrgutverpackungen muss der minimale Schüttwinkel angegeben werden, für den die Verpackung verwendet werden darf. Dieser fungiert als Maß für die Fließeigenschaften pulverförmiger oder körniger Stoffe und ist wichtig für die Sicherheit beim Gefahrguttransport. In den Prüfstellen existiert jedoch eine Reihe von Messmethoden für diese Kenngröße. In der Vergangenheit war hierbei unklar, welche dieser Methoden für welche Prüffüllgüter prinzipiell geeignet sind. Die BAM nahm dies zum Anlass, die gebräuchlichen Messmethoden systematisch zu untersuchen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Gesamtüberblick über die Ergebnisse und stellt die Schlussfolgerungen für die Prüfpraxis in den anerkannten Prüfstellen für Gefahrgutverpackungen dar.</abstract>
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    <author>John Bethke</author>
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    <title language="deu">Fließeigenschaften fester Gefahrgüter vor dem Hintergrund der Sicherheit beim Gefahrguttransport in Gefahrgutverpackungen - Teil 1: Einführung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Fließeigenschaften fester Gefahrgüter spielen für die Sicherheit beim Gefahrguttransport eine wichtige Rolle. Diese haben einen Einfluss sowohl auf die mechanische Sicherheit der verwendeten Verpackung als auch auf die Freisetzung fester Substanzen unter normalen Beförderungsbedingungen aufgrund ungenügender Staubdichtheit. Bei festen Gefahrgütern kann es sich entweder um pulverförmige oder um körnige Stoffe handeln. Um der sicherheitsrelevanten Bedeutung der Fließeigenschaften fester Füllgüter Rechnung zu tragen, muss in den deutschen Zulassungen für Gefahrgutverpackungen der minimale Schüttwinkel angegeben werden, für welche die Verpackung verwendet werden darf. In der Praxis der Prüfstellen existiert jedoch eine Reihe von Messmethoden für diese Kenngröße. In der Vergangenheit war hierbei unklar, welche dieser Methoden für welche Prüffüllgüter prinzipiell geeignet sind. Es ist jedoch essenziell, die Vor- und Nachteile sowie die Grenzen der einzelnen Verfahren zu kennen. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Einführung in die Thematik und in experimentelle Untersuchungen, die in der BAM durchgeführt wurden, um eine Klärung herbeizuführen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche werden in einem Folgeartikel vorgestellt.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Drop Test Simulation of Packaging for Dangerous Goods: An Investigation of Appropriate Drop Height Adjustment in Case of Deviating Packaging Gross Mass</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the approval process of dangerous goods packagings, drop tests onto a flat, essentially unyielding surface are used to assess resistance against mechanical damage. International adopted regulations like ADR and RID define filling good dependent drop heights and filling degrees whilst the user needs to define the maximum gross mass to be tested and approved. Maximum packaging gross mass is defined conservatively and not reached in practice. To meet the defined gross mass in testing, using additives is permitted. However, in some cases, additives are not desirable due to packaging design or filling substance properties. This leads to deviations from the initial gross mass definition. Hence, a certain drop height adjustment is necessary to achieve the required impact loading. Laboratories frequently adjust drop height assuming a perfectly elastic collision that is inaccurate. Appropriate adjustment is not trivial due to energy conversion processes, for example, plastic deformation. In this work, a test stand</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Packaging Technology and Science</parentTitle>
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International adopted regulations like ADR and RID define filling good dependent drop heights and filling degrees whilst the user needs to define the maximum gross mass to be tested and approved. Maximum packaging gross mass is defined conservatively and not reached in practice. To meet the defined gross mass in testing, using additives is permitted. However, in some cases, additives are not desirable due to packaging design or filling substance properties. This leads to deviations from the initial gross mass definition. Hence, a certain drop height adjustment is necessary to achieve the required impact loading. Laboratories frequently adjust drop height assuming a perfectly elastic collision that is inaccurate. Appropriate adjustment is not trivial due to energy conversion processes, for example, plastic deformation. In this work, a test stand is developed for measuring the change in kinetic energy of different packaging designs and filling substances in regulative drop tests. The experimental results are used to validate finite\u2010element (FE) models so that packaging properties can be varied in simulated drop test scenarios. The findings intend to describe the appropriate drop height adjustment of the respective packaging with same design but deviating gross mass to produce comparable mechanical response. 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    <author>Nikolaos Lengas</author>
    <author>Karsten Müller</author>
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    <author>Marcel Neitsch</author>
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      <value>Impact target</value>
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