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  <doc>
    <id>32307</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>19</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Kirchwald</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A comparative study on the performance of digital detector systems for high energy applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For cast components reaching or exceeding total material thicknesses of 150mm, high energy sources such as linear accelerators or Betatrons are required in order to obtain reasonable exposure times. In this study, the performance of digital detector systems, involving imaging plates (IP) and digital detector arrays (DDA), was evaluated with respect to the testing class B requirements as formulated in the standard EN ISO 17636-2. As a reference, traditional radiographic film and a Cobalt-60 source was used. With film exposures, testing class B was achieved with Co-60 and Betatron (7.5 MV) at longer exposure times. The preliminary results show that the testing class B was not obtained with the examined digital detector arrays (DDA) and the high resolution imaging plates (IP) , even at 40, 60 and 80 minutes exposure time with a 7.5 MV Betatron. Class A was achieved using high resolution imaging plates with optimized metal filters between object and IPs and a high resolution DDA with intermediate Cu filters. Class A was also achieved applying a DDA with lower basic spatial resolution than required by Table B.13 of EN ISO 17636-2, but using the compensation principle as described in this standard. The next generation of digital detector arrays might potentially be able to obtain class B performance with the expected spatial resolution and sensitivity improvements.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The e-journal of nondestructive testing &amp; ultrasonics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35373</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-323075</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ndt.net/?id=16394</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ECNDT 2014 - 11th European conference on non-destructive testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.12.2014</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>A. Schumm</author>
    <author>E. Martin</author>
    <author>M. Beaumont</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Uwe Zscherpel</author>
    <author>Norma Wrobel</author>
    <author>Bernhard Redmer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Image quality</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Betatron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital detector array (DDA)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Casting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standards</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High energy radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Comparison of detectors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel weldment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/32307/110_Schumm_Rev2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>28858</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 141 (Mo.2.A.4)</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Hochenergieradiographie - Erkennung von Einzelheiten in großen, komplexen Schichttiefen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Zur Durchstrahlung großer, dichter Objekte reichen die Energien, die mit normalen Röntgenröhren erzielt werden können, ab gewissen Schichtdicken nicht mehr aus. Als hochenergetische Strahlenquellen stehen Kobalt-60 und Elektronenbeschleuniger zur Verfügung. Als Einschränkung der Hochenergieradiographie ist der geringere Kontrast besonders beim Vorhandensein leichterer Objekte umgeben von Körpern bestehend aus schweren Elementen anzusehen. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass Objekte aus organischen Substanzen hinter dicken Schwermetallwänden oder in Bohrungen von Metallblöcken schwer zu erkennen sind. Im Gegensatz zu einem Gammastrahler wie Kobalt-60 mit den beiden Spektrallinien um 1,3 MeV besitzt die Bremsstrahlung aus einem Beschleuniger einen wesentlichen Anteil an niederenergetischer Strahlung, der fließend zu höheren Energien übergeht. Es wird hier untersucht, welche Signaturen von leichten Materialien in einer Umgebung aus Schwermetall bis zu welcher Dicke und bis zu welchem Komplexizitätsgrad erkennbar sind. Mit einem Betatron (JME X-ray Betatron 7,5 MeV) und einem Matrixdetektor (Perkin Elmer XRD 1621) wurden Aufnahmen von unterschiedlichen leichten Objekten angefertigt, die zunehmend in eine Umgebung aus Schwermetallen gestellt wurden. Mit unterschiedlichen Energieeinstellungen wurde untersucht, inwieweit eine Materialerkennung hinter welcher Abschirmung möglich ist. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mit Simulationen verglichen, die mit einer Software zur Modellierung von Durchstrahlungsverfahren (aRTist) erzeugt wurden. Dabei wird dem Problem der Aufhärtung bei Anwendung von Bremsstrahlung Rechnung getragen. Die Ergebnisse können sowohl zur Erkennung von Fremdkörpern in Maschinen oder Pumpen als auch zur Überprüfung von Frachtladungen im Bereich der öffentlichen Sicherheit und bei Zollkontrollen dienen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2013</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">31744</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-49-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-288589</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2013</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Dresden, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.05.2013</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.05.2013</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Norma Wrobel</author>
    <author>Kurt Osterloh</author>
    <author>Bernhard Redmer</author>
    <author>Andreas Deresch</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hochenergieradiographie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Containerprüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Materialerkennung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/28858/mo2a4.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36592</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>158</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DGZfP</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin, Germany</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of scattered radiation on the efficiency  of dual high-energy X-Ray imaging  for material characterization</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this contribution, we discuss the influence of scattered radiation on materials’ effective attenuation coefficients at higher X-ray energies. The selected X-ray spectra for the dual-energy experiments correspond to 3 MV and 7.5 MV acceleration potential of the used betatron. Experiments were performed on a test phantom containing step wedges of different low- and high-Z materials. We evaluated the ratio between low- and high-energy X-ray attenuation coefficients quantitatively based on simulated poly-energetic high-energy X-ray source spectra and the detector sensitivity using the “analytical Radiographic Testing inspection simulation tool” (aRTist) developed at BAM. Furthermore, the influence of scattered radiation is evaluated using an efficient Monte-Carlo simulation. The simulation results are compared quantitatively with experimental investigations. Finally, important applications of the proposed technique in the context of aviation security are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 19th Wolrd Conference on Nondestructive Testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-78-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365925</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.06.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.06.2016</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch</author>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Andreas Deresch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monte Carlo methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dual-energy imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Experiments</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/36592/fr2h4.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>32239</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>19</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Kirchwald</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Dual high-energy X-ray digital radiography for material discrimination in cargo containers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this contribution, we present a dual high-energy X-ray imaging technique for cargo container inspection using the 'spectral high-energy X-ray attenuation method'. This method is based on attenuation of continuous highenergy spectra. The developed experimental technique consists of a betatron as high-energy (up to 7.5 MeV) X-ray source and a matrix detector with high spatial resolution (400 ìm) for digital X-ray imaging. In order to evaluate the material discrimination capability using dual high-energy X-ray imaging, a test specimen is proposed, comprising step wedges of different low and high atomic number (Z) materials. The selected X-ray spectra for the dual-energy experiments correspond to 3 MV and 7.5 MV acceleration potential of the betatron. We evaluated the ratio between low- and high-energy X-ray attenuation coefficients quantitatively based on simulated poly-energetic high-energy X-ray source spectra and the detector sensitivity using the 'analytical Radiographic Testing inspection simulation tool' (aRTist) developed at BAM. The simulated effective attenuation coefficients are compared with corresponding experimental results in order to establish a method for identification of low- and high-Z materials in the container. Finally, important applications of the proposed technique in the context of aviation security are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The e-journal of nondestructive testing &amp; ultrasonics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35305</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ndt.net/?id=16430</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-322394</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ECNDT 2014 - 11th European conference on non-destructive testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.12.2014</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Norma Wrobel</author>
    <author>Andreas Deresch</author>
    <author>Bernhard Redmer</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-energy X-ray imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Betatron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital detector array (DDA)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Container inspection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Material discrimination</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Effective attenuation coefficient</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/32239/149_Kolkoori_Rev1.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>32242</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>19</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Kirchwald</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Innovative X-ray backscatter technique for security applications: Detection of dangerous materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Radiological inspections, in general, are NDT&amp;E methods to detect the bulk of explosives without invasion into the object of analysis. In contrast to personal luggage, cargo or structural components constitute a complexity that may significantly hamper the detection of a threat by conventional transmission radiography. A novel approach of interrogating a large object to a certain depth only with a single sided access will be presented. It consists of an X-ray backscatter camera with a special twisted slit collimator for imaging backscattered objects. The new X-ray backscatter camera is not only imaging the objects due to their densities but also by taking into account the influences of surrounding objects. Additionally, it does not only image illuminated features but also depicts shadows from absorbing materials. This is a unique characteristic of the developed X-ray backscatter camera. Experimental mock-ups are conducted imitating container with threats among a complex packing as they may be encountered in reality. At the end, the significant advantages of the presented X-ray backscatter camera in the context of aviation and port security will be discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The e-journal of nondestructive testing &amp; ultrasonics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35308</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ndt.net/?id=16432</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-322429</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ECNDT 2014 - 11th European conference on non-destructive testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.12.2014</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Norma Wrobel</author>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Uwe Zscherpel</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray backscatter imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Irradiation geometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Detection of dangerous materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Security applications</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/32242/151_Wrobel.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>32237</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>19</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Kirchwald</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">New X-ray backscatter imaging technique for nondestructive testing of aerospace components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Critical parts in aircraft manufacturing such as stringers are very commonly used in modern aircraft structures to resist the compressive loads caused by the aerodynamic effects. They are generally made-up of thin aluminium (Al) metal sheets and are one of the key components in the aircraft wings. Any defects in the stringer leads to weakening of the stiffness of the whole wing structure and consequently, failures may occur. Hence, the structural integrity of the stringers should be evaluated using reliable non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. Due to the complex shaped structure of the stringer, the one-sided access NDT method such as X-ray backscatter technique is more preferable for the non-destructive imaging. In this paper, we present a new X-ray backscatter technique to image the internal sections of the stringer with only a single-sided access. The whole object was inspected by changing the viewing direction of the X-ray backscatter camera. For the first time, the X-ray backscatter measurements were conducted using high-energy (&gt; 0.5MeV) X-rays and proved the applicability of the present technique to inspect thick carbon-fiber laminated components. In order to improve the inspection time and image quality of the backscatter image, we used high-resolution (180ìm) digital detector arrays (DDAs). At the end, important applications of the presented X-ray backscatter technique to the aerospace industry are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The e-journal of nondestructive testing &amp; ultrasonics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35303</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ndt.net/?id=16431</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-322376</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ECNDT 2014 - 11th European conference on non-destructive testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">06.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.12.2014</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Norma Wrobel</author>
    <author>Uwe Zscherpel</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray backscatter imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Twisted-slit collimator</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital detector array (DDA)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stringer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aerospace applications</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/32237/150_Kolkoori.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36589</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>158</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin, Germany</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Quantitative simulation of back scatter X-ray imaging and comparison to experiments</title>
    <abstract language="eng">X-ray backscatter imaging is a well established NDT technique to inspect complex objects using only a single-sided access. In difference to conventional transmission X-ray radiography, the X-ray backscatter imaging utilizes the scattered radiation caused by the Compton scattering effect. In order to achieve high backscatter intensities from a test object, it is necessary to optimize the backscatter system parameters namely the angle between source and slit camera, the slit collimator system, the shielding between source and scatter camera, and the type of detector. In addition, the scatter phenomena in to the investigated object need to be understood.&#13;
In this contribution, we present a Monte Carlo model McRay which considers all relevant single and multiple interactions of photons and electrons. This model can be used to simulate back scatter techniques. It allows not only calculating the scatter image for a given experimental setup but also registering the spectrum of the detected scattered photons. Both aspects are important to understand the imaging process, to interpret the results, and to optimize the backscatter camera investigated here. Additionally experimental results will be presented and compared with simulations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-78-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365897</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.06.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.06.2016</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch</author>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Carsten Bellon</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Back-scatter techniques</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monte Carlo methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Measurements</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/36589/Jaenisch_et_al - Quantitative simulation of back scatter X-ray imaging and comparison to experiments.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>32305</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>472</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>477</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>69</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Computed tomography with X-rays and fast neutrons for restoration of wooden artwork</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The objects of this investigation were sculptures taken from a ca. three hundred years old baroque epitaph of a church in Tonning, a town in Northern Germany. Around 1900 it was found in a disastrous state heavily damaged by wood-worm. At that time, the whole artwork was treated with the tar extract carbolineum as a remedy. Nowadays, this substance has been identified as carcinogenic, and its presence can be perceived by its stench and visually at certain spots on the surface where it has penetrated the covering paint. &#13;
&#13;
A gold-painted sculpture of a massive wooden skull was interrogated with X-rays and fast neutrons to investigate the internal distribution of the carbolineum. The X-ray tomography, with its excellent spatial resolution revealed galleries left over from the worm infestation in the outer areas and cracks in the central region. The golden color coating appeared as a thick and dense layer. In comparison the tomography with fast neutrons, though being of lower resolution and yet unresolved artefacts revealed sections of slightly different densities in the bulk of the wood. These differences we attribute to the differences in the distribution of the impregnant in the wood, visible due to its higher hydrogen content making it less transparent for neutrons.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Physics Procedia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35371</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1875-3892</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.phpro.2015.07.066</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-323050</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">WCNR-10 - 10th World conference on neutron radiography</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Grindelwald, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="zsBemerkung">Die Aufnahme ist grundsätzlich falsch, da es sich bei "Physics procedia" nicht um eine Zeitschrift handelt, sondern um eine Tagungsband-Reihe. Die unten beschriebene Lösung wird aber bereits bei einigen anderen analog gelagerten Fällen durchgeführt, z. B. bei "Energy procedia".  Die Tagungsband-Reihe findet sich in der Master Journal List bzw. in dem Journal Citation Report selbstverständlich nicht wieder, da es ja keine Zeitschrift ist. Allerdings wird die Tagungsband-Reihe sehr wohl von Thomson-Reuters für Ihre Datenbank ausgewertet, als "Book Series". Daher muss sichergestellt werden, dass die dort erscheinenden Artikel auch für die "1000-Euro-Liste" berücksichtigt werden.  Die einfachste Lösung ist es, den Eintrag als Zeitschrift zu belassen, und das Häkchen bei "In MJL/CPCI von ISI enthalten" zu setzen. Das ist zwar formal nicht ganz korrekt, erzeugt aber das richtige Ergebnis.  Jan Harloff-Puhr 16.9.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.12.2014</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Kurt Osterloh</author>
    <author>Carsten Bellon</author>
    <author>Stefan Hohendorf</author>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Norma Wrobel</author>
    <author>A. Nusser</author>
    <author>M. Freitag</author>
    <author>T. Bücherl</author>
    <author>D. Bar</author>
    <author>I. Mor</author>
    <author>N. Tamin</author>
    <author>R. Weiss-Babai</author>
    <author>B. Bromberger</author>
    <author>V. Dangendorf</author>
    <author>K. Tittelmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron radiology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Conservation of wooden artwork</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/32305/Osterloh_Computed Tomography with X-rays and Fast Neutrons.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>27792</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>253</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>269</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>31</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Plenum Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effect of columnar grain orientation on ultrasonic plane wave energy reflection and transmission behaviour in anisotropic austenitic weld materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This article describes a comprehensive quantitative analysis on effect of columnar grain orientation on ultrasonic plane wave energy reflection and transmission behaviour in acoustically anisotropic austenitic weld materials. The quantitative results are presented for following general interfaces (a) Isotropic-Anisotropic, (b) Anisotropic-Isotropic, (c) Fluid-Anisotropic, (d) Anisotropic-Fluid, (e) Anisotropic-Anisotropic, (f) Anisotropic-Free surface occur during the ultrasonic non destructive evaluation of austenitic weld materials. Explicit analytical expressions are presented for energy reflection and transmission coefficients at an interface between two arbitrarily oriented transversely isotropic materials. By applying explicit analytical expressions for energy reflection and transmission coefficients, numerical results are presented for several columnar grain orientations of the transverse isotropic austenitic weld material including both real and complex domain of the reflected and transmitted normal component of slowness vectors. Valid domains of incident wave vector angles, angular dependency of energy reflection and transmission coefficients and critical angles for reflected and transmitted waves are discussed. The existence of a reflected (or) transmitted second branch of quasi shear vertical waves and its consequence to the ultrasonic non destructive testing of austenitic weld materials are investigated. The presented comprehensive quantitative evaluation provides an overview on the effect of anisotropic properties on energy reflection and transmission coefficients in columnar grained austenitic weld materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of nondestructive evaluation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">30627</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10921-012-0140-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0195-9298</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-4862</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.03.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Mehbub-Ur Rahman</author>
    <author>Jens Prager</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Anisotropy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inhomogeneous waves</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Austenitic weld material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polarization vector</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Energy skewing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Critical angle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Energy flux vector</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Evanescent waves</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>26205</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1227</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1234</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1430</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>American Institute of Physics</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Melville, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Iowa State University</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Quantitative evaluation of ultrasonic sound fields in anisotropic austenitic welds using 2D ray tracing model</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic investigation of inhomogeneous anisotropic materials such as austenitic welds is complicated because its columnar grain structure leads to curved energy paths, beam splitting and asymmetrical beam profiles. A ray tracing model has potential advantage in analyzing the ultrasonic sound field propagation and there with optimizing the inspection parameters. In this contribution we present a 2D ray tracing model to predict energy ray paths, ray amplitudes and travel times for the three wave modes quasi longitudinal, quasi shear vertical, and shear horizontal waves in austenitic weld materials. Inhomogenity in the austenitic weld material is represented by discretizing the inhomogeneous region into several homogeneous layers. At each interface between the layers the reflection and transmission problem is computed and yields energy direction, amplitude and energy coefficients. The ray amplitudes are computed accurately by taking into account directivity, divergence and density of rays, phase relations as well as transmission coefficients. Ultrasonic sound fields obtained from the ray tracing model are compared quantitatively with the 2D Elastodynamic Finite Integration Technique (EFIT). The excellent agreement between both models confirms the validity of the presented ray tracing results. Experiments are conducted on austenitic weld samples with longitudinal beam transducer as transmitting probe and amplitudes at the rear surface are scanned by means of electrodynamical probes. Finally, the ray tracing model results are also validated through the experiments.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation, volume 31</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">28952</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7354-1013-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1063/1.4716359</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0743-0760</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0094-243X</identifier>
    <note>Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings</note>
    <enrichment key="eventName">38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Burlington, VT, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.07.2011</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.07.2011</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.08.2012</enrichment>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Mehbub-Ur Rahman</author>
    <author>P.K. Chinta</author>
    <author>Marc Kreutzbruck</author>
    <author>Jens Prager</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic sound field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ray tracing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ray directivity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Austenitic weld</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>26207</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>743</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>746</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1433</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>American Institute of Physics</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Melville, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>University of Gdansk, Poland</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Simulation of ultrasonic fields in anisotropic materials using 2D ray tracing method</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasound propagation in inhomogeneous anisotropic materials is difficult to examine because of the directional dependency of elastic properties. Simulation tools play an important role in developing advanced reliable ultrasonic testing techniques for the inspection of anisotropic materials particularly austenitic cladded materials and dissimilar welds. A 2-D Ray tracing method is developed for evaluating ray path, amplitude and travel time for three wave modes namely quasi longitudinal wave (qP), quasi shear vertical wave (qSV) and shear horizontal waves (SH) in anisotropic materials such as austenitic cladded materials. The inhomogenity in the anisotropic material is represented by discretizing the anisotropic region into several homogeneous layers. The ray paths are traced during its propagation through the various interfaces between those layers. At each interface the problem of reflection and refraction is solved. The ray amplitudes are computed by taking into account the directivity and phase relations. Ray divergence variation and ray transmission coefficients at each refraction boundary are considered. The Ray tracing results for ultrasonic field profiles in austenitic cladded materials are validated quantitatively by 2-D Elastodynamic Finite Integration Technique (EFIT) results and by the experiments.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International congress on ultrasonics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">28954</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7354-1019-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1063/1.3703288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0094-243X</identifier>
    <note>Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings</note>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International congress on ultrasonics</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Gdansk, Poland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">05.09.2011</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.09.2011</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.08.2012</enrichment>
    <author>Sanjeevareddy Kolkoori</author>
    <author>Mehbub-Ur Rahman</author>
    <author>P.K. Chinta</author>
    <author>Rainer Boehm</author>
    <author>Jens Prager</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ray path</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Energy vector</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Austenitic cladded material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic beam profile</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
