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<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>32544</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2095</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2099</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>17</issue>
    <volume>29</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Materials Research Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Warrendale, Pa.</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Strategies for the selective volume sintering of ceramics</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The present study is dealing with the basic physics for a novel way to generate a free-formed ceramic body, not like common layer by layer, but directly by Selective Volume Sintering (SVS) in a compact block of ceramic powder. To penetrate with laser light into the volume of a ceramic powder compact it is necessary to investigate the light scattering properties of ceramic powders. Compared with polymers and metals, ceramic materials are unique as they offer a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window typically ranges from below 0.3 up to 5 µm wave length. In the present study thin layers of quartz glass (SiO2) particles have been prepared. As a function of layer thickness and the particle size, transmission and reflection spectra in a wave length range between 0.5 and 2.5 µm have been recorded. Depending on the respective particle size and by choosing a proper relation between particle size and wave length of the incident laser radiation, it is found that light can penetrate a powder compact up to a depth of a few millimeters. With an adjustment of the light absorption properties of the compact the initiation of sintering in the volume of the compact is possible.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of materials research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35613</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1557/jmr.2014.174</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0884-2914</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.02.2015</enrichment>
    <author>T. Mühler</author>
    <author>G. Helsch</author>
    <author>J.G. Heinrich</author>
    <author>Dongxu Yao</author>
    <author>S. Gräf</author>
    <author>F.A. Müller</author>
    <author>Jens Günster</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65407</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>726</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Objective, high-throughput regularity quantification of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The growing demand for precise surface functionalization through laser-generated periodic surface structures highlights the necessity for efficient, reproducible, and objective evaluation methods to evaluate their structural regularity. We introduce ReguΛarity (v.1.2.7), a freely available, Python-based software with a graphical user interface for the automated, quantitative assessment of the regularity of laser-induced periodic surfaces structures (LIPSS), obtained from optical microscopy, SEM, or AFM. The software integrates image segmentation, one- and two-dimensional Fourier analyses, and gradient-based orientation determination to facilitate a comprehensive regularity analysis of grating-like (quasi-)periodic surface patterns with spatial periods Λ. This is achieved through the proposed regularity tuple R, composed of five key parameters: the normalized spread of the spatial period RΛ,2D (from 2D-FT), the normalized variation of the most frequent spatial period RΛ (from 1D-FT), the Gini coefficient G, the Dispersion of the LIPSS Orientation Angle δθ (DLOA), and the mean phase deviation . To demonstrate its applicability, we compare ideal sinusoidal patterns with SEM images obtained from LIPSS on stainless steel (AISI 316L) and aluminum alloy (AlMg5) surfaces, confirming the software’s ability to objectively distinguish between varying levels of structural regularity. ReguΛarity facilitates high-throughput analysis and data-driven process optimization in surface engineering and laser materials processing.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied Surface Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0169-4332</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.165919</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654070</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.02.2026</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>E. Rahner</author>
    <author>T. Thiele</author>
    <author>Heike Voss</author>
    <author>F.A. Müller</author>
    <author>Jörn Bonse</author>
    <author>S. Gräf</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Image processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Regularity quantification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fourier analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural homogeneity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65407/2026-Rahner_APSUSC726_165919.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54542</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>163</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Two types of microplastics (polystyrene-HBCD and car tire abrasion) affect oxidative stress-related biomarkers in earthworm Eisenia andrei in a time-dependent manner</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microplastics are small plastic fragments that are widely distributed in marine and terrestrial environments. While the soil ecosystem represents a large reservoir for plastic, research so far has focused mainly on the impact on aquatic ecosystems and there is a lack of information on the potentially adverse effects of microplastics on soil biota. Earthworms are key organisms of the soil ecosystem and are due to their crucial role in soil quality and fertility a suitable and popular model organism in soil ecotoxicology.&#13;
&#13;
Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on the earthworm Eisenia andrei on multiple levels of biological organization after different exposure periods. Earthworms were exposed to two types of microplastics: (1) polystyrene-HBCD and (2) car tire abrasion in natural soil for 2, 7, 14 and 28 d. Acute and chronic toxicity and all subcellular investigations were conducted for all exposure times, avoidance behavior assessed after 48 h and reproduction after 28 d. Subcellular endpoints included enzymatic biomarker responses, namely, carboxylesterase, glutathione peroxidase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities, as well as fluorescence-based measurements of oxidative stress-related markers and multixenobiotic resistance activity. Multiple biomarkers showed significant changes in activity, but a recovery of most enzymatic activities could be observed after 28 d. Overall, only minor effects could be observed on a subcellular level, showing that in this exposure scenario with environmentally relevant concentrations based on German pollution levels the threat to soil biota is minimal. However, in areas with higher concentrations of microplastics in the environment, these results can be interpreted as an early warning signal for more adverse effects. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights regarding the ecotoxicological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on soil organisms.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Environment International</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.envint.2022.107190</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545423</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">28.03.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>C. Lackmann</author>
    <author>M. Velki</author>
    <author>A. Šimić</author>
    <author>Axel Müller</author>
    <author>U. Braun</author>
    <author>S. Ečimović</author>
    <author>H. Hollert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Earthworms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Toxicity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biomarker</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>oxidative stress</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54542/1-s2.0-S0160412022001167-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>49740</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>261</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>273</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>183</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Phase transformation induces plasticity with negligible damage in ceria-stabilized zirconia-based ceramics</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ceramics and their composites are in general brittle materials because they are predominantly made up of ionic and covalent bonds that avoid dislocation motion at room temperature. However, a remarkable ductile behavior has been observed on newly developed 11 mol.% ceria-stabilized zirconia (11Ce-TZP) composite containing fine alumina (8 vol.% Al2O3) and elongated strontium hexa-aluminate (8 vol.% SrAl12O19) grains. The as-synthesized composite also has shown full resistance to Low Temperature Degradation (LTD), relatively high strength and exceptionally high Weibull modulus, allowing its use in a broader range of biomedical applications. In this study, to deepen the understanding of plastic deformation in Ce-TZP based composites that could soon be used for manufacturing dental implants, different mechanical tests were applied on the material, followed by complete microstructural characterization. Distinct from pure Ce-TZP material or other zirconia-based ceramics developed in the past, the material here studied can be permanently strained without affecting the Young modulus, indicating that the ductile response of tested samples cannot be associated to damage occurrence. This ductility is related to the stress-induced tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) zirconia phase transformation, analogue to Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels, where retained austenite is transformed to martensite. The aim of this study is to corroborate if the observed plasticity can be associated exclusively to the zirconia t-m phase transformation, or also to microcraking induced by the transformation. The t-m transformed-zones produced after bending and biaxial tests were examined by X-ray refraction and SEM/TEM coupled with Raman. The results revealed that the observed elastic-plastic behavior occurs without extensive microcracking, confirming a purely elastic-plastic behavior driven by the phase transformation (absence of damage).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Acta Materialia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.046</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645419307177</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1359-6454</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.02.2020</enrichment>
    <author>A. Liens</author>
    <author>H. Reveron</author>
    <author>T. Douillard</author>
    <author>N. Blanchard</author>
    <author>V. Lughi</author>
    <author>V. Sergo</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>S. Schomer</author>
    <author>T. Fürderer</author>
    <author>E. Adolfsson</author>
    <author>N. Courtois</author>
    <author>M. Swain</author>
    <author>J. Chevalier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zirconia</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ceria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ceramic matrix composite</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Plasticity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phase transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-Ray Refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>39244</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>163</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>172</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>23</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Cambridge University Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evaluation of electrospray as a sample preparation tool for electron microscopic investigations: Toward quantitative evaluation of nanoparticles</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The potential of electrospray deposition, for the controlled preparation of particles for imaging in electron microscopes, is evaluated on various materials: from mono-modal suspensions of spherical particles to multimodal suspensions and to real-world industrial materials. It is shown that agglomeration is reduced substantially on the sample carrier, compared with conventional sample preparation techniques. For the first time, it is possible to assess the number concentration of a tri-modal polystyrene suspension by electron microscopy, due to the high Deposition efficiency of the electrospray. We discovered that some suspension stabilizing surfactants form artifact particles during electrospraying. These can be avoided by optimizing the sprayed suspension.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Microscopy and Microanalysis</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1017/S1431927616012587</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1431-9276</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-8115</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">01.12.2017</enrichment>
    <author>Johannes Mielke</author>
    <author>P. Dohányosová</author>
    <author>P. Müller</author>
    <author>S. López-Vidal</author>
    <author>Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrospary</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sample preparation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TEM grid</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SEM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50899</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>11200</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11211</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>20</issue>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ACS</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Surface-Energy Control and Characterization of Nanoparticle Coatings</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Accurate and reproducible measurement of the structure and properties of high-value nanoparticles is extremely important for their commercialization. A significant proportion of engineered nanoparticle systems consist of some form of nominally core-shell structure, whether by design or unintentionally. Often, these do not form an ideal core-shell structure, with typical deviations including polydispersity of the core or shell, uneven or incomplete shells, noncentral cores, and others. Such systems may be created with or without intent, and in either case an understanding of the conditions for formation of such particles is desirable. Precise determination of the structure, composition, size, and shell thickness of such particles can prove challenging without the use of a suitable range of characterization techniques. Here, the authors present two such polymer core-shell nanoparticle systems, consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene cores coated with a range of thicknesses of either polymethylmethacrylate or polystyrene. By consideration of surface energy, it is shown that these particles are expected to possess distinctly differing coating structures, with the polystyrene coating being incomplete. A comprehensive characterization of these systems is demonstrated, using a selection of complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, differential centrifugal sedimentation, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By combining the results provided by these techniques, it is possible to achieve superior characterization and understanding of the particle structure than could be obtained by considering results separately.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Physical Chemistry C</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02161</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.06.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>D. J. H. Cant</author>
    <author>C. Minelli</author>
    <author>K. Sparnacci</author>
    <author>Anja Müller</author>
    <author>H. Kalbe</author>
    <author>M. Stoger-Pollach</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <author>W. S. M. Werner</author>
    <author>A. G. Shard</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Core-shell</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Size</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thickness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Damage</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51131</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>52</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Chichester</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Determining nonuniformities of core-shell nanoparticle coatings by analysis of the inelastic background of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Most real core-shell nanoparticle (CSNP) samples deviate from an ideal core-shell structure potentially having significant impact on the particle properties. An ideal structure displays a spherical core fully encapsulated by a shell of homogeneous thickness, and all particles in the sample exhibit the same shell thickness. Therefore,&#13;
analytical techniques are required that can identify and characterize such deviations.&#13;
This study demonstrates that by analysis of the inelastic background in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectra, the following types of deviations can be identified and quantified: the nonuniformity of the shell thickness within a nanoparticle sample and the incomplete encapsulation of the cores by the shell material. Furthermore, CSNP shell thicknesses and relative coverages can be obtained. These results allow for a quick and straightforward comparison between several batches of a specific CSNP, different coating approaches, and so forth. The presented XPS methodology requires a submonolayer distribution of CSNPs on a substrate.&#13;
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-polystyrene polymer CSNPs serve as model systems to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Surface and interface analysis</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/sia.6865</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-511315</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0142-2421</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1096-9918</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.09.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Anja Müller</author>
    <author>K. Sparnacci</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <author>S. Tougaard</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Core-shell</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inelastic background</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polymers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>QUASES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51131/sia.6865.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57161</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6 - Special Issue "Identification and Quantification of Nanomaterials"</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, CH</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">NanoDefiner Framework and e-Tool Revisited According to the European Commission’s Nanomaterial Definition 2022/C 229/01</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The new recommended definition of a nanomaterial, 2022/C 229/01, adopted by the European Commission in 2022, will have a considerable impact on European Union legislation addressing chemicals, and therefore tools to implement this new definition are urgently needed. The updated NanoDefiner framework and its e-tool implementation presented here are such instruments, which help stakeholders to find out in a straightforward way whether a material is a nanomaterial or not. They are two major outcomes of the NanoDefine project, which is explicitly referred to in the new definition. This work revisits the framework and e-tool, and elaborates necessary adjustments to make these outcomes applicable for the updated recommendation. A broad set of case studies on representative materials confirms the validity of these adjustments. To further foster the sustainability and applicability of the framework and e-tool, measures for the FAIRification of expert knowledge within the e-tool’s knowledge base are elaborated as well. The updated framework and e-tool are now ready to be used in line with the updated recommendation. The presented approach may serve as an example for reviewing existing guidance and tools developed for the previous definition 2011/696/EU, particularly those adopting NanoDefine project outcomes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Nanomaterials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/nano13060990</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571618</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2079-4991</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.04.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>R. Brüngel</author>
    <author>J. Rückert</author>
    <author>P. Müller</author>
    <author>F. Babick</author>
    <author>C. M. Friedrich</author>
    <author>A. Ghanem</author>
    <author>Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba</author>
    <author>A. Mech</author>
    <author>S. Weigel</author>
    <author>W. Wohlleben</author>
    <author>H. Rauscher</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanomaterial definition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanomaterial categorisation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanomaterial regulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanomaterial legislation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Decision support</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FAIRification</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57161/nanomaterials-13-00990.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50186</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>295</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>347</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to  be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Characterization of nanoparticles - Measurement processes for nanoparticles</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-12-814182-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00018-3</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.06.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/50284</enrichment>
    <author>D. R. Baer</author>
    <author>D. J. H. Cant</author>
    <author>D. G. Castner</author>
    <author>G. Ceccone</author>
    <author>M. H. Engelhard</author>
    <author>A. S. Karakoti</author>
    <author>Anja Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sample preparation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface chemistry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dynamic behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nano-object</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>48018</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>28</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>37</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>233</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Systematic XP and NEXAFS spectroscopy studies of (ter-)pyridineterminated self-assembled monolayers and their addressability for functional molecules</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The chemical composition of surfaces functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is an important parameter that determines their performance in a broad range of applications, from immobilizing molecular machines to initiation and growth control of MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks). In this article, a critical Survey of XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and NEXAFS (near edge X-ray absorption fine structure) spectroscopy data for pyridine-functionalized monolayers on gold surfaces is presented to compile correlations that have been indiscernible before. Monolayers with aromatic backbones are compared to monolayers with aliphatic backbones.&#13;
Monolayers with pyridine end-groups are compared to mixed monolayers formed terpyridine-functionalized by molecules end-groups and non-functionalized molecules. Thiol-oxidation during ageing of the SAMs in air is addressed. And finally, the addressability of the SAMs for the deposition of metal-ions and organic molecules is investigated and compared. This work consequently delivers a comprehensive set of spectroscopic data of (ter-)pyridine-terminated SAMs and their performance as template for the preparation of functional multilayers of macrocycles exhibiting a preferential orientation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.elspec.2019.03.011</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.06.2019</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Heinrich</author>
    <author>Erik Darlatt</author>
    <author>Andreas Lippitz</author>
    <author>S. Müller</author>
    <author>C. Schalley</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>(ter-)pyridineterminated self-assembled monolayer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NEXAFS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>48748</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>38</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>51</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>519</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The influence of H2O and SiO2 on the structure of silicoborate glasses</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To understand the impact of dissolved water on structure and properties, four boron-rich glasses of molar compositions 15-x Na2O x CaO 15 SiO2 70 B2O3 (with x=0, 7.5, 10) and 10 Na2O 15 SiO2 75 B2O3 were prepared and subsequently hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O). Density measurements show a non-linear trend upon hydration implying large structural changes in particular at water contents&lt;2 wt%. Near-infrared spectroscopy shows hydroxyl groups are the dominant species in all glasses upon the entire range of water content. Molecular H2O is detectable only at total water contents&gt;2 wt%. 11B MAS NMR spectra show that the abundance of BO4 species is mainly controlled by ratio of (Na2O+CaO)/B2O3 while incorporation of water plays a minor role.&#13;
Compared to borate glasses, the efficiency of formation of BO4 tetrahedra is favored by crosslinking of the network by SiO4-units. The glass transition temperatures, determined by differential thermal analysis, decreases continuously with water content due to breakage of B-O-B bonds by hydrolysis. However, compared to Silicates and aluminosilicates, the effect of dissolved water is less pronounced which can be explained by weaker B-O-B bonds in comparison to Si-O-Si bonds.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.05.030</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.08.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>R. Balzer</author>
    <author>H. Behrens</author>
    <author>S. Schuth</author>
    <author>Tina Waurischk</author>
    <author>Stefan Reinsch</author>
    <author>Ralf Müller</author>
    <author>M. Fechtelkord</author>
    <author>J. Deubener</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High pressure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Water speciation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Silicoborate glasses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Infrared spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NMR spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>49618</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>36</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>41</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>510</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Surface crystallization and gas bubble formation during conventional heat treatment in Na2MnP2O7 glass</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The crystallization behavior of sodium ion conductive Na2MnP2O7 glass was examined to clarify the crystallization mechanism. The formation of thermodynamically metastable phase, layered Na2MnP2O7, at the surface of the glass occurred. Heat treatment at 430 °C for 3 h lead to surface crystals of Na2MnP2O7 oriented with the (101) direction perpendicular to the sample surface. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the glass-ceramic samples deformed, and the presence numerous micro bubbles due to dissolved water was detected.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.01.030</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.11.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>C. Akatsuka</author>
    <author>T. Honma</author>
    <author>Ralf Müller</author>
    <author>Stefan Reinsch</author>
    <author>S. Tanaka</author>
    <author>T. Komatsu</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Glass-ceramic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystallization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sodium ion batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bubble formation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phosphate</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>48545</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>449</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>462</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Sintering and concomitant crystallization of bioactive glasses</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The sintering of bioactive glasses allows for the preparation of complex structures, such as three‐dimensional porous scaffolds. Such 3D constructs are particularly interesting for clinical applications of bioactive glasses in bone regeneration, as the scaffolds can act as a guide for in‐growing bone cells, allowing for good Integration with existing and newly formed tissue while the scaffold slowly degrades. Owing to the pronounced tendency of many bioactive glasses to crystallize upon heat treatment, 3D scaffolds have not been much exploited commercially. Here, we investigate the influence of crystallization on the sintering behavior of several bioactive glasses. In a series of mixed‐alkali glasses an increased CaO/alkali metal oxide Ratio improved sintering compared to Bioglass 45S5, where dense sintering was inhibited.&#13;
Addition of small amounts of calcium fluoride helped to keep melting and sintering temperatures low. Unlike glass 13‐93, these new glasses crystallized during sintering but this did not prevent densification. Variation in bioactive glass particle size allowed for fine‐tuning the microporosity resulting from the sintering process.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Applied Glass Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/ijag.13477</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-485458</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2041-1286</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">29.07.2019</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Carsten Blaeß</author>
    <author>Ralf Müller</author>
    <author>G. Poologasundarampilai</author>
    <author>D. S. Brauer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bioactive glass</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystallization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scaffolds</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sintering</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/48545/2019 Blaess Sintering and concomitant crystallization of bioactive glasses.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53454</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2100763 -1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2100763 -13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>24</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>VCH GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evolution of Damage in All-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite After Cyclic Loading</title>
    <abstract language="eng">While structural ceramics usually display a brittle mechanical behavior, their composites may show nonlinearities, mostly due to microcracking. Herein, the stiffness evolution of a sandwich-like laminate of an Al2O3 15%vol. ZrO2 matrix reinforced with Nextel 610 fibers is studied as a function of number of cycles N in tension. The stiffness of the composite degrades with increasing N, indicating microcracking. However, synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography shows that the internal specific surface of such cracks varies differently. A modeling strategy is developed for the calculation of the equivalent stiffness of mixtures (first the matrix and then the sandwich), based on the Voigt and Reuß schemes. The Bruno–Kachanov model is then used to estimate the initial microcrack density in the matrix (due to the thermal expansion mismatch) and the amount of microcracking increase upon cyclic loading. The stiffness in the composite degrades dramatically already after 20 000 cycles but then remains nearly constant. The combination of mechanical testing, quantitative imaging analysis, and modeling provides insights into the damage mechanisms acting: microcrack propagation is more active than microcrack initiation upon cyclic loading, but the second also occurs. This scenario is similar but not equal to previous results on porous and microcracked ceramics.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Engineering Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1527-2648</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-1656</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adem.202100763</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-534541</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.10.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>S. Paciornik</author>
    <author>J. Horvath</author>
    <author>K. Tushtev</author>
    <author>K. Rezwan</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ceramic matrix composites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Homogenization schemes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microcracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nonlinear behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/53454/Kupsch_AdvEngMater_23_2021_2100763.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62399</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2462</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2468</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>17</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ACS Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Tracing the Formation of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) by Implanted Markers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) using femtosecond lasers facilitates the engineering of material surfaces with tailored functional properties. Numerous aspects of their complex formation process are still under debate, despite intensive theoretical and experimental research in recent decades. This particularly concerns the challenge of verifying approaches based on electromagnetic effects or hydrodynamic processes by experiment. In the present study, a marker experiment is designed to conclude on the formation of LIPSS. Well-defined concentration depth profiles of 55Mn+- and 14N+-ions were generated below the polished surface of a cast Mn- and Si-free stainless steel AISI 316L using ion implantation. Before and after LIPSS generation, marker concentration depth profiles and the sample microstructure were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy techniques. It is shown that LIPSS predominantly formed by material removal through locally varying ablation. Local melting and resolidification with the redistribution of the material occurred to a lesser extent. The experimental design gives quantitative access to the modulation depth with a nanometer resolution and is a promising approach for broader studies of the interactions of laser beams and material surfaces. Tracing LIPSS formation enables to unambiguously identify governing aspects, consequently guiding the path to improved processing regarding reproducibility, periodicity, and alignment.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1944-8244 (Print)</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1944-8252 (Online)</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acsami.4c14777</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623990</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.01.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>R. Wonneberger</author>
    <author>S. Gräf</author>
    <author>Jörn Bonse</author>
    <author>W. Wisniewski</author>
    <author>K. Freiberg</author>
    <author>M. Hafermann</author>
    <author>C. Ronning</author>
    <author>F. A. Müller</author>
    <author>A. Undisz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Femtosecond laser processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ion implantation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stainless steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/62399/2025-Wonneberger_ACSAMI17_2462.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65399</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2286</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2297</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Novel Ag-modified zirconia nanomaterials with antibacterial activity</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The outcome of an implant procedure largely depends on the implant's surface properties. Biomaterials are now designed to have surfaces with multifunctionality, such as favorable tissue integration and the ability to combat bacterial adhesion and colonization. Herein, we report on a simple approach to improve the antibacterial properties of zirconia nanotubes (ZrNTs) coatings by decorating with silver nanoparticles (AgNP), achieved through electrochemical anodization of a zirconium–silver alloy (Zr–Ag). The AgNPs were shown to partially consist of Ag2O, potentially enhancing the availability of Ag+ ions for antibacterial activity. The modified ZrNTs were characterized using SEM, EDS, ToF-SIMS, and XPS to determine their structural morphology and chemical composition, and were further subjected to antibacterial testing. The silver and zirconium ion release behavior was monitored via ICP-MS. ZrNTs decorated with AgNP exhibit strong antimicrobial activity (&gt;99% bacterial killing) against both S. aureus and E. coli. Antimicrobial tests indicate that the antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive pathogen S. aureus was improved by a factor of 100 compared to unmodified ZrNTs, while unmodified ZrNTs already showed a comparable reduction of viable Gram-negative E. coli. This strategy illustrates a straightforward and effective modification that optimizes the interface between the host environment and the biomaterial surface to meet the very important criteria of biocompatibility and active antibacterial response.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">RSC Advances</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2046-2069</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/d5ra07099f</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653990</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_5,PersonAuthorFirstName_6,PersonAuthorLastName_6,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_6,PersonAuthorFirstName_7,PersonAuthorLastName_7,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_7,PersonAuthorFirstName_8,PersonAuthorLastName_8,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_8,PersonAuthorFirstName_9,PersonAuthorLastName_9,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_9,PersonAuthorFirstName_10,PersonAuthorLastName_10,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_10,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleAbstract_1,TitleParent_1,PageFirst,PageLast,Issue,Volume,PublishedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.01.2026</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Gabriel Onyenso</author>
    <author>Jiwar AI-Zawity</author>
    <author>Nastaran Farahbakhsh</author>
    <author>Annika Schardt</author>
    <author>Aydan Yadigarli</author>
    <author>Swathi Naidu Vakamulla Raghu</author>
    <author>Carsten Engelhard</author>
    <author>Mareike Müller</author>
    <author>Holger Schönherr</author>
    <author>Manuela S. Killian</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mass Spectrometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Advanced Materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ICP-MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ToF-SIMS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65399/d5ra07099f.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>42506</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>146</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>164</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>52</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Tailor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Mobility particle size spectrometers: Calibration procedures and measurement uncertainties</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Mobility particle size spectrometers (MPSS) belong to the essential instruments in aerosol science that determine the particle number size distribution (PNSD)in the submicrometer size range. Following calibration procedures and target uncertainties against standards and reference instruments are suggested for a complete MPSS quality assurance program: a) calibration of the CPC counting efficiency curve (within 5% for the plateau counting efficiency; within 1 nm for the 50% detection efficiency diameter), b) sizing calibration of the MPSS, using a certified polystyrene latex (PSL) particle size standard at 203 nm (within 3%), c) intercomparison of the PNSD of the MPSS (within 10% and 20% of the dN/dlogDP concentration for the particle size range 20 – 200 nm and 200 to 800 nm, respectively), and d) intercomparison of the integral PNC of the MPSS (within 10%). Furthermore, following measurement uncertainties have been investigated: a) PSL particle size standards in the range from 100-500nm match within 1% after sizing calibration at 203 nm. b) Bipolar diffusion chargers based on the radioactive nuclides Kr85, Am241 and Ni63 and a new ionizer based on corona discharge follow the recommended bipolar charge distribution, while soft X-ray-based charges may alter faster than expected. c) The use of a positive high voltage supply show a 10% better performance than a negative one. d) The intercomparison of the integral PNC of an MPSS against the total number concentration is still within the target uncertainty at an ambient pressure of approximately 500 hPa.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Aerosol Science and Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/02786826.2017.1387229</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1521-7388</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-425060</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.04.2018</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 3.0</licence>
    <author>A. Wiedensohler</author>
    <author>A. Wiesner</author>
    <author>K. Weinhold</author>
    <author>W. Birmili</author>
    <author>M. Herrmann</author>
    <author>M. Merkel</author>
    <author>T. Müller</author>
    <author>S. Pfeifer</author>
    <author>A. Schmidt</author>
    <author>T. Tuch</author>
    <author>F. Velarde</author>
    <author>P. Quincey</author>
    <author>Stefan Seeger</author>
    <author>A. Nowak</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Measurement uncertainties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mobility particle size spectrometer (MPPS)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Condensation particle counter (CPC)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Calibration</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/42506/Wiedensohler et al AST 2017 Mobility Particle Size Spectrometers Calibration Procedures and Measurement Uncertainties.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>12464</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>82</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>89</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>317</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Oral bioavailability of cyclosporine: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN®) versus drug nanocrystals</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the development of an optimized oral formulation for cyclosporine A, 2% of this drug has been formulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN, mean size 157 nm) and as nanocrystals (mean size 962 nm). The encapsulation rate of SLN was found to be 96.1%. Nanocrystals are composed of 100% of drug. For the assessment of the pharmacokinetic parameters the developed formulations have been administered via oral route to three young pigs. Comparison studies with a commercial Sandimmun Neoral/Optoral® used as reference have been performed. The blood profiles observed after oral administration of the commercial microemulsion Sandimmun® revealed a fast absorption of drug leading to the observation of a plasma peak above 1000 ng/ml within the first 2 h. For drug nanocrystals most of the blood concentrations were in the range between 30 and 70 ng/ml over a period of 14 h. These values were very low, showing huge differences between the measuring time points and between the tested animals. On the contrary, administration of cyclosporine-loaded SLN led to a mean plasma profile with almost similarly low variations in comparison to the reference microemulsion, however with no initial blood peak as observed with the Sandimmun Neoral/Optoral®. Comparing the area under the curves (AUC) obtained with the tested animals it could be stated that the SLN formulation avoids side effects by lacking blood concentrations higher than 1000 ng/ml. In this study it has been proved that using SLN as a drug carrier for oral administration of cyclosporine A a low variation in bioavailability of the drug and simultaneously avoiding the plasma peak typical of the first Sandimmun® formulation can be achieved.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International journal of pharmaceutics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">14189</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.02.045</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0378-5173</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-3476</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.06.2006</enrichment>
    <author>R.H. Müller</author>
    <author>S. Runge</author>
    <author>V. Ravelli</author>
    <author>W. Mehnert</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>E.B. Souto</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solid lipid nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SLN</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drug nanocrystals</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sandimmun Neoral/Optoral</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oral administration</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52228</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>494</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>508</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>53</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VCH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Chemical in-depth analysis of (Ca/Sr)F2 core–shell like nanoparticles by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable excitation energy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis is applied with the intention to obtain two different types of core–shell nanoparticles, namely, SrF2–CaF2 and CaF2–SrF2. In two separate fluorination steps for core and shell formation, the corresponding metal lactates are reacted with anhydrous HF in ethylene glycol. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm the formation of particles with mean dimensions between 6.4 and 11.5 nm. The overall chemical composition of the particles during the different reaction steps is monitored by quantitative Al Kα excitation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Here, the formation of stoichiometric metal fluorides (MF2) is confirmed, both for the core and the final core–shell particles. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis by synchrotron radiation XPS (SR-XPS) with tunable excitation energy is performed to confirm the core–Shell character of the nanoparticles. Additionally, Ca2p/Sr3d XPS intensity ratio in-Depth profiles are simulated using the software Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA). In principle, core–shell like particle morphologies are formed but without a sharp interface between calcium and strontium containing phases.&#13;
Surprisingly, the in-depth chemical distribution of the two types of nanoparticles is equal within the error of the experiment. Both comprise a SrF2-rich core domain and CaF2-rich shell domain with an intermixing zone between them. Consequently, the internal morphology of the final nanoparticles seems to be independent from the synthesis chronology.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Surface and Interface Analysis</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/sia.6937</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0142-2421</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-522284</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.03.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Anja Müller</author>
    <author>T. Krahl</author>
    <author>Jörg Radnik</author>
    <author>Andreas Wagner</author>
    <author>W. S. M. Werner</author>
    <author>B. Ritter</author>
    <author>E. Kemnitz</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metal fluorides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sol-gel synthesis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52228/sia.6937.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23355</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1158</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1165</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>RSC Publ.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cambridge</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Carbonate-coordinated metal complexes precede the formation of liquid amorphous mineral emulsions of divalent metal carbonates</title>
    <abstract language="eng">During the mineralisation of metal carbonates MCO3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Cd, Pb) liquid-like amorphous intermediates emerge. These intermediates that form via a liquid/liquid phase separation behave like a classical emulsion and are stabilized electrostatically. The occurrence of these intermediates is attributed to the formation of highly hydrated networks whose stability is mainly based on weak interactions and the variability of the metal-containing pre-critical clusters. Their existence and compositional freedom are evidenced by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Liquid intermediates in non-classical crystallisation pathways seem to be more common than assumed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Nanoscale</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">25933</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/c0nr00761g</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2040-3364</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2040-3372</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.03.2011</enrichment>
    <author>S. E. Wolf</author>
    <author>L. Müller</author>
    <author>R. Barrea</author>
    <author>C.J. Kampf</author>
    <author>Jork Leiterer</author>
    <author>Ulrich Panne</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <author>W. Tremel</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>44405</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>787</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>795</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>20</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Royal Society of Chemistry</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Oriented surface nucleation and crystal growth in a 18BaO·22CaO·60SiO2 mol% glass used for SOFC seals</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A glass of the composition 37BaO·16CaO·47SiO2 wt% produced on an industrial scale is crystallized at 970 °C for times ranging from 15 min to 2 h. The crystallization at the immediate surface as well as the crystal growth into the bulk are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as X-ray diffraction in the Θ–2Θ setup (XRD). The immediate surface shows the oriented nucleation of walstromite as well as the formation of wollastonite and an unknown phase of the composition BaCaSi3O8. All three phases also grow into the bulk where walstromite ultimately dominates the kinetic selection and grows throughout the bulk due to a lack of bulk nucleation. Walstromite shows systematic orientation changes as well as twinning during growth. A critical analysis of the XRD-patterns acquired from various crystallized samples indicates that their evaluation is problematic and that phases detected by XRD in this system should be verified by another method such as EDXS.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">CrystEngComm</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/c7ce02008b</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.03.2018</enrichment>
    <author>W. Wisniewski</author>
    <author>C. Thieme</author>
    <author>Ralf Müller</author>
    <author>Stefan Reinsch</author>
    <author>S.-M. Groß-Barsnick</author>
    <author>C. Rüssel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Glass</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface nucleation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Orientation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EBSD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>31437</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>458</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>466</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>56</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam [u.a.]</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Laser beam oscillation strategies for fillet welds in lap joints</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser beam oscillation opens up new possibilities of influencing the welding process in terms of compensation of tolerances and reduction of process emissions that occur in industrial applications, such as in body-in-white manufacturing. The approaches are to adapt the melt pool width in order to generate sufficient melt volume or to influence melt pool dynamics, e.g. for a better degassing. Welding results are highly dependent on the natural frequency of the melt pool, the used spot diameter and the oscillation speed of the laser beam. The conducted investigations with an oscillated 300 µm laser spot show that oscillation strategies, which are adjusted to the joining situation improve welding result for zero-gap welding as well as for bridging gaps to approximately 0.8 mm. However, a complex set of parameters has to be considered in order to generate proper welding results. This work puts emphasize on introducing them.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Physics procedia</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">34457</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.149</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1875-3892</identifier>
    <enrichment key="zsBemerkung">Die Aufnahme ist grundsätzlich falsch, da es sich bei "Physics procedia" nicht um eine Zeitschrift handelt, sondern um eine Tagungsband-Reihe. Die unten beschriebene Lösung wird aber bereits bei einigen anderen analog gelagerten Fällen durchgeführt, z. B. bei "Energy procedia".  Die Tagungsband-Reihe findet sich in der Master Journal List bzw. in dem Journal Citation Report selbstverständlich nicht wieder, da es ja keine Zeitschrift ist. Allerdings wird die Tagungsband-Reihe sehr wohl von Thomson-Reuters für Ihre Datenbank ausgewertet, als "Book Series". Daher muss sichergestellt werden, dass die dort erscheinenden Artikel auch für die "1000-Euro-Liste" berücksichtigt werden.  Die einfachste Lösung ist es, den Eintrag als Zeitschrift zu belassen, und das Häkchen bei "In MJL/CPCI von ISI enthalten" zu setzen. Das ist zwar formal nicht ganz korrekt, erzeugt aber das richtige Ergebnis.  Jan Harloff-Puhr 16.9.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.09.2014</enrichment>
    <author>A. Müller</author>
    <author>S.-F. Goecke</author>
    <author>P. Sievi</author>
    <author>F. Albert</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gap compensation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring and control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>System technology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automotive application</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>45774</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1039</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1047</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>62</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Laser beam oscillation welding for automotive applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser beam oscillation, applied one- or two-dimensional to the actual welding process, influences the welding process in terms of compensation of tolerances and reduction of process emissions like spatter and melt ejections that occur in industrial applications, such as in body-in-white manufacturing. If the welding process could be adapted to these tolerances by the momentarily demanded melt pool width to generate sufficient melt volume or to influence melt pool dynamics, e.g. for a better degassing, laser welding would become more robust. However, beam oscillation results are highly dependent on the natural frequency of the melt pool, the used spot diameter and the oscillation speed of the laser beam. The conducted investigations with an oscillated 300 μm laser spot show that oscillation strategies which are adjusted to the joining situation can bridge gaps to approximately 0.6 mm at metal sheet thickness of 0.8 mm. However, the complex behaviour of the melt pool has to be considered to generate proper welding results. This work puts emphasis on showing aspects of beam oscillation in fillet welding in lap joints.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-018-0625-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">23.08.2018</enrichment>
    <author>A. Müller</author>
    <author>S.F. Goecke</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automotive application</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Melt pool dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adaptive welding beam oscillation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gap bridging</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>32075</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>865</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>872</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>58</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Institute of Welding</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Laser beam oscillation for fillet welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In todays automotive frame-and-body construction, laser welds are typically carried out as square butt welds in lap joints. These welds are increasingly produced by remote laser welding optics with working distances of 500 mm and more. This enables simple path programming because clamping devices are traversed over and therefore low cycle times with improved productivity is achieved. However, workpiece tolerances lead to part displacements and varying joint positions over time. These displacements have to be acted against by appropriate flange length that contain for positioning deviations. Using this concept, aspired light-weight optimisations, e.g. reducing flange length, are difficult to achieve. By using seam tracking sensors, part tolerances are automatically detected and counteracted for. In addition, joint edge detection allows constructive changes on the type of weld. Fillet welds reduce flange lengths', improve force flow and open up possibilities for visual quality monitoring. Apart from that, vertical displacements in the form of height tolerances still occur. This needs consideration by adapting the set of welding parameter to the current welding situation. In this respect, one main welding parameter is the lateral beam offset to the upper sheet. Since body-in-white welding applications mainly comprise of zinc-coated steel sheets, special requirements for the welding process are given. Especially zero-gap-welding and welding of joints with gaps larger than 0.2 mm are critical. Using a laser beam oscillation process can stabilise these situations. Approaches to finding parameter sets are presented in this paper.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35136</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-014-0165-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.11.2014</enrichment>
    <author>A. Müller</author>
    <author>S.F. Goecke</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beams</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fillet welds</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gap</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process procedures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring systems</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>18999</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>28</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>42</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Telford</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London, UK</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Durability of polyolefin geosynthetic drains</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) has established a testing guideline to assess the suitability of geosynthetic or geocomposite drain (GCD) elements for final landfill cover systems. In an earlier paper the uniform procedure according to the BAM guideline for determining long-term water flow capacity was described, and the structural stability of drain cores under creep was investigated. The extrapolation of creep curves is permissible only when it can be shown, over the extrapolated period (at least 100 years), that oxidative aging does not invoke any relevant changes in the polyolefin material. This can be shown by measuring antioxidant depletion and mechanical degradation of the drain cores and filter/protection geotextiles in oven aging and water immersion tests. In this paper the results of such aging studies on three different GCD products are reported. Degradation of the tensile strength of HALS-stabilized polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles (PP NWGTs) starts right from the beginning of the oven aging. This has to be taken into account for lifetime predictions based on residual tensile strength. The rate of oxidative degradation of NWGTs decreases significantly with increasing mass per area. Therefore the expected service life sets a limit on acceptable geotextile grammage. Antioxidant depletion in the drain cores, which are made of relatively thick PP strands or HDPE ribs, is about an order of magnitude slower than in filter and protection NWGTs, which are made of thin fibers. Service life values in excess of 100 years may be obtained for the products when the geotextiles and drain cores are properly stabilized and designed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Geosynthetics international</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">21185</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1680/gein.2009.16.1.28</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1072-6349</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.02.2009</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>C.S. Li</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosynthetics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosynthetic drain elements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Long-term behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidative degradation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2078</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2003</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>144</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>160</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>315</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>North-Holland Publ. Co.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Theory of nucleation in viscoelastic media: application to phase formation in glassforming melts</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Glassforming melts behave, in the vicinity of the temperature of vitrification Tg, as viscoelastic bodies. A general theory of nucleation in a viscoelastic body developed elsewhere is applicable to the description of phase formation processes in such systems. The present contribution is directed to the demonstration of the relevance of this proposed general theory to describing phase transformation processes in glassforming melts. The application of the theory is shown to explain a number of experimental results on crystallization of glassforming melts, which have not found a satisfactory interpretation so far.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of non-crystalline solids</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">1987</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01428-X</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-3093</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">ZJ 136</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.12.2002</enrichment>
    <author>J.W.P. Schmelzer</author>
    <author>Ralf Müller</author>
    <author>J. Möller</author>
    <author>I.S. Gutzow</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60163</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>8441</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8449</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>21</issue>
    <volume>96</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Chemical Society Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Absorption Correction for 3D Elemental Distributions of Dental Composite Materials Using Laboratory Confocal Micro-X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectroscopy facilitates three-dimensional (3D) elemental imaging of heterogeneous samples in the micrometer range. Laboratory setups using X-ray tube excitation render the method accessible for diverse research fields but interpretation of results and quantification remain challenging. The attenuation of X-rays in composites depends on the photon energy as well as on the composition and density of the material. For confocal micro-XRF, attenuation severely impacts elemental distribution information, as the signal from deeper layers is distorted by superficial layers. Absorption correction and quantification of fluorescence measurements in heterogeneous composite samples have so far not been reported. Here, an absorption correction approach for confocal micro-XRF combining density information from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) data with laboratory X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and synchrotron transmission measurements is presented. The energy dependency of the probing volume is considered during the correction. The methodology is demonstrated on a model composite sample consisting of a bovine tooth with a clinically used restoration material.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Analytical Chemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0003-2700</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-6882</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00116</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601630</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.06.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>L.J. Bauer</author>
    <author>Frank Wieder</author>
    <author>V. Truong</author>
    <author>F. Förste</author>
    <author>Y. Wagener</author>
    <author>A. Jonas</author>
    <author>S: Praetz</author>
    <author>C. Schlesiger</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>B. Kanngießer</author>
    <author>P. Zaslansky</author>
    <author>I. Mantouvalou</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dental composite materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Absorption correction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60163/Bauer_AnalChem_96_2024_8441.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>17534</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>535</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>544</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>68</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Cyclosporine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN): Drug-lipid physicochemical interactions and characterization of drug incorporation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were produced loaded with cyclosporine A in order to develop an improved oral formulation. In this study, the particles were characterized with regard to the structure of the lipid particle matrix, being a determining factor for mode of drug incorporation and drug release. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements were employed for the analysis of the polymorphic modifications and mode of drug incorporation. Particles were produced using Imwitor®900 as lipid matrix (the suspension consisted of 10% particles, 8% Imwitor®900, 2% cyclosporine A), 2.5% Tagat S, 0.5% sodium cholate and 87% water. DSC and WAXS were used to analyse bulk lipid, bulk drug, drug incorporated in the bulk and unloaded and drug-loaded SLN dispersions. The processing of the bulk lipid into nanoparticles was accompanied by a polymorphic transformation from the ß to the α-modification. After production, the drug-free SLN dispersions converted back to ß-modification, while the drug-loaded SLN stayed primarily in α-modification. After incorporation of cyclosporine A into SLN, the peptide lost its crystalline character. Based on WAXS data, it could be concluded that cyclosporine is molecularly dispersed in between the fatty acid chains of the liquid-crystalline α-modification fraction of the loaded SLN.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">19601</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.07.006</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0939-6411</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-3441</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.06.2008</enrichment>
    <author>R.H. Müller</author>
    <author>S.A. Runge</author>
    <author>V. Ravelli</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>W. Mehnert</author>
    <author>E.B. Souto</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solid lipid nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cyclosporine A</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Characterization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oral bioavailability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lipid polymorphism</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
