<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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  <doc>
    <id>36637</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>020006-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>020006-9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>1706</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Conclusions of the 6th European American workshop on reliability of NDE</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The principles of Open Space Technology (OST) were again applied to discuss burning issues in the field of NDE reliability. The results of the discussions among NDE professionals concerning new reliability methods, human factors and integrated solutions will be presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">AIP Conference Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1063/1.4940452</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7354-1353-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0094-243X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.07.20155</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">31.07.2015</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.06.2016</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Daniel Kanzler</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Probability of detection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Human factors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>32522</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>ID 1411328, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>54</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Attenuation dependent detectability at ultrasonic inspection of copper</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This report describes the progress in understanding and describing the detectability of the ultrasonic inspection technique developed by SKB for the inspection of copper tubes used for the final disposal of the Swedish spent nuclear fuel. In former research activities dedicated to the different parts of the canister, the probability of detection (POD) evaluation technique, as developed for thin aircraft components, was further developed for the application on complex hick-walled components. The result of this development was the introduction of a “multi-parameter” POD framework. In contrast to taking only the defect size into consideration (as for aircraft components) additional influencing factors, relevant for thick components, such as depth position, orientation and part geometry, were included. Furthermore, the variation of ultrasonic attenuation due to various material properties was included.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SKB Public report</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35590</identifier>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Thomas Heckel</author>
    <author>Philip Brömel</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>31269</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>602</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>606</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7-8</issue>
    <volume>56</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Hanser</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>München</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Summary of the "open space technology discussions" on reliability of NDE</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Since the beginnings of the European American Workshops (EAW) in 1997, the aim was to gather the experts in NDE reliability and discuss burning topics with the aim of identifying crucial problems and suggesting ways to move forward. This was usually achieved during the so-called break-out sessions, in which predetermined topics were discussed. During the 5th EAW, held in Berlin in 2013, this approach was replaced by an Open Space Technology (OST) approach. The benefit of this approach is seen in the freedom of topic choices, i. e., the topics are not predetermined but rather arise at that moment in that space and by the participants choice. The following topics arose: new reliability methods (Bayesian, MAPOD, ), structural health monitoring, definition of requirements of NDE by customer versus provider, what value of POD is good enough?, human factors, manual versus automated inspection, and basic concepts of reliability of NDE. The participants were encouraged to walk from one session to another and openly express their opinions. These were in the end summarized by a chosen group of moderators and presented in this paper.</abstract>
    <abstract language="deu">Seit den Anfängen der europäischen amerikanischen Workshops (EAW) im Jahr 1997 war es das Ziel, Experten auf dem Gebiet der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit zusammenzuführen und aktuelle Themen zu diskutieren, um wichtige Probleme zu identifizieren und Wege für deren Lösung vorzuschlagen. Dies wurde in der Regel während der sogenannten Break-out Sessions erreicht, in denen vorgegebene Themen diskutiert wurden. Während des 5. EAW, der in Berlin im Jahr 2013 stattfand, wurde dieser Ansatz durch einen Open Space Technology (OST) Ansatz ersetzt. Open Space ist eine Methode der Gruppenmoderation, die sehr gut geeignet ist, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln und selbstständiges Arbeiten zu fördern, d. h. die Themen werden nicht vorgegeben, sondern ergeben sich in diesem Moment in diesem Raum und durch die Wahl der Teilnehmer. Die folgenden Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: neue Zuverlässigkeitsmethoden (Bayes, MAPOD, ...), Structural Health Monitoring, Definition von Anforderungen der Kunden gegenüber den ZfP-Anbietern, Welcher Wert der POD ist gut genug?, der Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren, manuelle gegenüber automatisierte Prüfung, sowie Grundkonzepte der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit. Die Teilnehmer wurden aufgefordert, von einer Sitzung zur anderen zu wechseln und offen ihre Meinung zu äußern. Diese Meinungen wurden am Ende von einer ausgewählten Gruppe von Moderatoren zusammengefasst und werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">34276</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3139/120.110604</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110604</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0025-5300</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">01.09.2014</enrichment>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>P. Calmon</author>
    <author>L. Carter</author>
    <author>J. Fischer</author>
    <author>D. Forsyth</author>
    <author>R. Holstein</author>
    <author>B. McGrath</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>W. Rummel</author>
    <author>F. Schubert</author>
    <author>G. Selby</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDE reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bayesian approach</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Human factors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Open space technology</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>31270</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Lecture 20, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 144</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Holistic risk assessment and risk prevention approach to the mechanized NDT and the inspection procedure</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The difficulty to deal with human factors in non-destructive testing (NDT) stems from their diversity and complexity – no single human or organizational factor is responsible for the entire fluctuations in the NDT performance. The typical approach to decrease the variability in the inspection results had been found in replacing manual NDT with mechanized methods. However, even though some human errors can be avoided by automating the process, there are new risks that can arise from its application and need to be further investigated. To address this problem, a combination of theoretical and practical approaches should be applied, where the source of error is not seen only in the inspector, but also in his interaction with social and technical systems, as well as the organization.&#13;
An analysis of potential risks in the use of mechanized inspections methods for spent fuel canisters has shown potential for human error in acquisition, as well as in the evaluation of the gathered results. Assessed causes of those errors lay in the inspector, but also in the organization and in shortcomings of the inspection procedure. The aim of the analysis was to provide with preventive measures and optimization recommendations. Those include further automation of the process, application of human redundancy, improvements of the inspection procedure, hardware and software improvements etc. Before improvements can be made, there is a need to understand the resulting processes and the influence of their interaction on the inspection results. The results have shown that when working with an automated system, one must avoid over relying on its proper functioning and form appropriate trust towards automation. Furthermore, human redundancy should be applied only in cases where the redundant inspectors are completely unaware of each other, in order to avoid the effects of social loafing and shirking.&#13;
The inspection procedure is one of the most important tools in the application of NDT. On an example of ultrasonic data evaluation, the results will show an improvement of an NDT instruction as a result of consideration of the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">34277</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-53-5</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.10.2013</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>B. Fahlbruch</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>31271</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 144</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Summary of the open space technology discussions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The highlight of 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) was the “Open Space Technology“(OST) discussion. The aim of the 5thEAW and, in particular, of the OST discussion - was to shed light on the reasons, which create a “deltcT between all the qualifications and reliability models and the real reliability in the field.&#13;
In the previous 4 Workshops, the different topics of interest were discussed in the so-called break-out sessions, in which a specific goal for each working group was defined beforehand. In order not to move on “the old rails” in search for an answer, the break-out sessions were this year replaced by an open space approach. The reason for this was not to restrict the participants to a certain number of topics, but rather to allow the topics to arisefrom the interests of the participants and the needs of both the researchers and the NDT practitioners. This was achieved through setting up a wall of ideas. Each of the participantswas asked to write down as many questions or topics as they wanted, and pin them up on the wall throughout the duration of the entire Workshop. Finally, when the participants gathered for the discussion, those ideas were organized into 6 main topics:&#13;
A. New reliability methods: Multiparameter POD, MAPOD, Bayesian&#13;
B. Structural health monitoring&#13;
C. Applications in industry&#13;
D. Human factors&#13;
E. Integrated Solutions and “delta"&#13;
F. Basic concepts of reliability of NDE&#13;
As in the spirit of the OST, in which the participants themselves determine the&#13;
topics and decide how the discussion will flow, the participants from the topics C, D and E&#13;
joined their forces and disused together.&#13;
The groups separated and, under the moderation of several experts in different NDT reliability fields, the different issues have been discussed. At the end of the day the Groups were asked to present the content and the results of their work. Every group wrote a summary of the discussion.&#13;
The purpose of this paper is to present the summaries of the held discussions and, therewith, share with the NDT community the main conclusions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">34278</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-53-5</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.10.2013</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>P. Calmon</author>
    <author>L. Carter</author>
    <author>J. Fisher</author>
    <author>D. Forsyth</author>
    <author>R. Holstein</author>
    <author>B. McGrath</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>W. Rummel</author>
    <author>F. Schubert</author>
    <author>G. Selby</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>37592</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Article: 200005, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>1706</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">PAUT inspection of copper canister: structural attenuation and POD formulation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For inspection of thick-walled (50mm) copper canisters for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden, ultrasonic inspection using phased array technique (PAUT) is applied. Because thick-walled copper is not commonly used as a structural material, previous experience on Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing for this type of application is limited. The paper presents the progress in understanding the amplitudes and attenuation changes acting on the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing inspection of copper canisters. Previous studies showed the existence of a low pass filtering effect and a heterogeneous grain size distribution along the depth, thus affecting both the detectability of defects and their "Probability of Detection" determination. Consequently, the difference between the first and second back wall echoes were not sufficient to determine the local attenuation (within the inspection range), which affects the signal response for each individual defect. Experimental evaluation of structural attenuation was carried out onto step-wedge samples cut from full-size, extruded and pierced&amp;drawn, copper canisters. Effective attenuation values has been implemented in numerical simulations to achieve a Multi Parameter Probability of Detection and to formulate a Model Assisted Probability of Detection through a Monte-Carlo extraction model.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">AIP Conferece Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1063/1.4940649</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0094-243X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">31.07.2015</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">26.07.2015</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Minneapolis, MN, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.10.2016</enrichment>
    <author>A. Gianneo</author>
    <author>M. Carboni</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phased array ultrasonic testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Copper</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>18589</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>168</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>179</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">POD Evaluation of NDE Techniques for Canister-Components for Risk Assessment of Nuclear Waste Encapsulation</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">6th International Conference on NDE in Relation to Structural Integrity for Nuclear and Pressurised Components, October 8-10, 2007, Budapest, Hungary (Proceedings) - JRC Scientific and Technical Reports</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">20744</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-92-79-08897-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2790/1274</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1018-5593</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">6th International Conference on NDE in Relation to Structural Integrity for Nuclear and Pressurised Components</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Budapest, Hungary</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2007-10-08</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2007-10-10</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Kazunori Takahashi</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>Martina Rosenthal</author>
    <author>Gerhard Brekow</author>
    <author>R. Böhm</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zuverlässigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>20616</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 116</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Progress in evaluating the reliability of NDE systems - Paradigm shift</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The paper will give an overview of new methodology for evaluating the
reliability of NDE systems accurately, reliably and efficiently in accordance with the
specific requirements of industrial application. After a review of the substantive
issues from the previous workshops, the go forward guidance from these
interactions is considered.
At the beginning of the reliability analysis, the actual safety demands have to
be defined in order to fit the investigation to the level of risk when the component
would fail. Next, all the essential influencing parameters need to be documented and
transferred to an appropriate design of experiments (DOE) to determine the
reliability in terms of a qualitative assessment for lower risk or in terms of a
quantitative probability of detection (POD) or ROC (Receiver Operating
Characteristics) curves for higher safety demands. A new paradigm is offered to
consider the POD or reliability of the system as a function of the configuration of
input variables and use it for optimisation rather than for a final judgement. An
advantage for the end user is also to sample all single PODs to an integral 'Volume
POD' of a part.
Among the influencing parameters, the human factor is the most important one.
A systematic psychological approach shall help to find out where the bottlenecks are
but most importantly to provide best possible working conditions for the human
inspectors.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">4th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE / DGZfP-Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">22925</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-17-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.ndt.net/article/reliability2009/Inhalt/we1a2.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2009-06-24</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2009-06-26</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Mate Gaal</author>
    <author>Heinrich Heidt</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Martina Rosenthal</author>
    <author>K. Takahashi</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Systemen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multiparameter POD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>20617</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 116</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Probability of detection from C-scan data for reliability analysis of ultrasonic non-destructive testing</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">4th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE / DGZfP-Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">22926</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-17-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2009-06-24</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2009-06-26</enrichment>
    <author>K. Takahashi</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>UT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>C-scan</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>20618</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 116</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Multi-parameter influence on the response of the flaw to the phased array ultrasonic NDT system. The volume POD.</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">4th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE / DGZfP-Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">22927</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-17-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2009-06-24</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2009-06-26</enrichment>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>K. Takahashi</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-parameter signal response</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>20619</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 115 (Mo.3.C.2)</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.v. (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Fortschritte bei der Bewertung der Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Systemen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Es werden die Fortschritte bei der Bewertung der Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Systemen in den vergangenen 10 Jahren vorgestellt. Der modulare Ansatz bzw. die systematische Auflistung aller wesentlichen Einflussfaktoren stehen am Anfang jeder Bewertung, die jeweils spezifisch für einen industriellen bzw. Feldeinsatz angelegt wird. Weiterhin legt die zu Grunde liegende Sicherheitsanforderung fest, ob ein exaktes quantitatives statistisches Ergebnis z. B. für die Fehlergröße, die mit hoher Sicherheit detektiert wird angestrebt wird oder ob man sich mit einer qualitativen Abschätzung zufrieden geben kann. Moderne Werkzeuge wie das 'Design of Experiments' (Statistische Versuchsplanung), die Volumen-POD für ein Bauteil als ganzes oder auch die systematische psychologische Betrachtung des menschlichen Faktors unterstützen die Treffsicherheit der Untersuchung für den gewünschten Einsatzfall. Die Ergebnisse der ZfP-Prüfungen können immer nur so gut sein, wie der Mensch mit den Bedingungen zurechtkommt. Weiterhin kann die POD im Zusammenhang mit den Prozessparametern als helfendes Optimierungswerkzeug eingesetzt werden und nicht als endgültige Be(Ver)urteilung. Es werden Beispiele aus Bereichen der Energieerzeugung und Endlagerung präsentiert.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2009</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">22928</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-16-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp2009/Inhalt/mo3c2.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2009</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Münster, Deutschland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2009-05-18</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2009-05-20</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Mate Gaal</author>
    <author>Heinrich Heidt</author>
    <author>Martina Rosenthal</author>
    <author>K. Takahashi</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ROC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Paradigmenshift</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optimierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Human factor</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>20620</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>56</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Stockholm</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">NDT Reliability - Final report - Reliability in non-destructive testing (NDT) of the canister components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This report describes the methodology of the reliability investigation performed on the ultrasonic
phased array NDT system, developed by SKB in collaboration with Posiva, for inspection of the
canisters for permanent storage of nuclear spent fuel.
The canister is composed of a cast iron insert surrounded by a copper shell. The shell is composed
of the tube and the lid/base which are welded to the tube after the fuel has been place, in the
tube. The manufacturing process of the canister parts and the welding process are described.
Possible defects, which might arise in the canister components during the manufacturing
or in the weld during the welding, are indentified.
The number of real defects in manufactured components have been limited. Therefore the reliability
of the NDT system has been determined using a number of test objects with artifical defects.
The reliability analysis is based on the signal response analysis. The conventional signal response
analysis is adopted and further developed before applied on the modern ultrasonic phased-array
NDT system. The concept of multi-parameter a, where the response of the NDT system is dependent
on more than just one parameter, is introduced. The weakness of use of the peak signal response
in the analysis is demonstrated and integration of the amplitudes in the C-scan is proposed as an
alternative. The calculation of the volume POD, when the part is inspected with more configurations,
is also presented. The reliability analysis is supported by the ultrasonic simulation based on the
point source synthesis method.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SKB Rapport R-08-129</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">22929</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.skb.se/upload/publications/pdf/R-08-129webb.pdf</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1402-3091</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>K. Takahashi</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Rainer Boehm</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nuclear waste</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Final disposal</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>14056</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1(?)</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7(?)</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Ultrasonic Investigations on Copper Canister Welds in Preparation for the Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel in a Deep Repository</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">9th European Conference on NDT</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">15833</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">3-931381-86-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">9th European Conference on NDT</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2006-09-25</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2006-09-29</enrichment>
    <author>D. Tscharntke</author>
    <author>Rainer Boehm</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>H. Rydén</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic measurement and modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Copper canister weld</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spent nuclear fuel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Encapsulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep repository</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>16007</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2007</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>18 (Vortrag 44)</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DGZfP</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Verfahren zur Gewährleistung der Integrität von Cu-Schweißnähten zur sicheren Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">ZfP in Forschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung - Jahrestagung 2007</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">17963</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-931381-98-1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Katrin Scharmach</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>H. Ryden</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zuverlässigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23922</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 125 (Th.2.B.2)</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of the influence of the material attenuation on the POD of the flaws</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">8th International conference on NDE in relation to structural integrity for nuclear and pressurised components (DGZfP-Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">26531</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-30-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">8th International conference on NDE in relation to structural integrity for nuclear and pressurised components</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2010-09-29</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2010-10-01</enrichment>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Rainer Boehm</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Attenuation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23923</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 125 (Th.3.A.4)</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Progress in evaluating the reliability of NDE systems - paradigm shift</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The paper will give an overview of new methodology for evaluating the
reliability of NDE systems accurately, reliably and efficiently in accordance with the
specific requirements of industrial application. After a review of the substantive
issues from the previous workshops, the go forward guidance from these
interactions is considered.
At the beginning of the reliability analysis, the actual safety demands have to
be defined in order to fit the investigation to the level of risk when the component
would fail. Next, all the essential influencing parameters need to be documented and
transferred to an appropriate design of experiments (DOE) to determine the
reliability in terms of a qualitative assessment for lower risk or in terms of a
quantitative probability of detection (POD) or ROC (Receiver Operating
Characteristics) curves for higher safety demands. A new paradigm is offered to
consider the POD or reliability of the system as a function of the configuration of
input variables and use it for optimisation rather than for a final judgement. An
advantage for the end user is also to sample all single PODs to an integral 'Volume
POD' of a part.
Among the influencing parameters, the human factor is the most important one.
A systematic psychological approach shall help to find out where the bottlenecks are
but most importantly to provide best possible working conditions for the human
inspectors.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">8th International conference on NDE in relation to structural integrity for nuclear and pressurised components (DGZfP-Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">26532</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-30-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">8th International conference on NDE in relation to structural integrity for nuclear and pressurised components</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2010-09-29</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2010-10-01</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Daniel Kanzler</author>
    <author>Martina Rosenthal</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ROC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23925</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>DGZfP-BB 125 (Th.3.A.2)</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Human factors approach to the reliability of NDT in nuclear waste management in Sweden and Finland</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Nuclear power industry has the responsibility to manage and dispose of all radioactive waste from its
plants. Finnish Posiva and Swedish SKB are leading in the world in the development of disposal of
spent nuclear fuel. Their method consists of encapsulating spent nuclear fuel in copper canisters and
depositing them in the bedrock at a depth of about 500 meters for the next 100 000 years, leaving the
radioactivity to decrease naturally through the decay of the radioisotopes in it. The copper canisters,
consisting of a copper tube, a lid and a bottom (which make the outer shell) and an insert made of a
cast iron, need to be inspected for their structural integrity to ensure no critical defects are present in
the materials and welds that could lead to a leakage of the waste into the environment. Data acquired
by 4 different non-destructive testing (NDT) methods (i.e. UT, ET, RT and VT with a remote camera)
are evaluated by skilled human operators and therefore could be subject to human error.
Human Factors approach lies in identifying potential errors made by the human, their causes
and ways of preventing them. A customized Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was
conducted to anticipate possible human failures during the data evaluation. The results led to
designing several experiments (e.g. diffusion of responsibility within the 4-eye principle, over trust in
automated systems) which are being experimentally tested in ongoing projects. The results are
expected to lead to the optimization of the procedures followed by the NDT operators and
consequently to the improvement of the overall NDT reliability.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">8th International conference on NDE in relation to structural integrity for nuclear and pressurised components (DGZfP-Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">26534</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-30-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.ndt.net/article/jrc-nde2010/papers/32.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">8th International conference on NDE in relation to structural integrity for nuclear and pressurised components</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2010-09-29</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2010-10-01</enrichment>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>B. Fahlbruch</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Human factors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nuclear waste</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>26086</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1824</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1831</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>28</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>American Institute of Physics</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Application of POD to complex industrial problems: new approaches</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic phased array NDE has been applied to ensure the integrity of canisters for encapsulation of spent nuclear fuel. The performance of the NDE system is evaluated by the POD analysis. The POD analysis using a common method, â versus a, has been modified for the phased array ultrasonic inspections by two approaches: to take more influencing parameters into a, and to use a more sophisticated quantity as â. The POD with new a allows more detailed interpretation of POD for each parameter, and the new â gives more realistic POD. The methods are discussed and demonstrated with experimental data. In addition, an investigation of human factors is being planned and the plan is discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Review of quantitative nondestructive evaluation (AIP conference proceedings / 1096)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">28831</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7354-0629-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1063/1.3114180</identifier>
    <note>Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings</note>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.06.2012</enrichment>
    <author>Kazunori Takahashi</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nondestructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Probability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phased array</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Probability of Detection (POD)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nuclear waste</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>28831</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>261</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>269</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>55</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Hanser</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>München</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Paradigm shift in the holistic evaluation of the reliability of NDE systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Das Ziel des Artikels ist es eine Übersicht über neue methodische Ansätze und Verfahren zur Bewertung der Zuverlässigkeit von ZfP-Systemen in Übereinstimmung mit den spezifischen Anforderungen verschiedener industrieller Anwendungen zu geben. Nach einem Überblick über die in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten erreichten Fortschritte, wird der Fokus auf die gegenwärtigen Entwicklungen gerichtet. Für hohe Sicherheitsanforderungen wurde die quantitative Fehlerauffindwahrscheinlichkeit (probability of detection, POD) basierend auf 'hit/miss'- oder 'Signal-Response'-Analysen und die ROC-Analyse (Receiver Operating Characteristics) als typische Werkzeuge entwickelt. Im Rahmen des modularen Modells für die ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit unterscheidet man zwischen den rein physikalisch-technischen Einflussfaktoren, den industriellen Anwendungsfaktoren und den menschlichen Faktoren. Es hilft zum Beispiel zu erkennen, welche dieser Faktoren man in Modellierungsrechnungen bzw. mittels offenen oder Blindversuchen untersuchen kann. Ein neues Paradigma wird für die Betrachtung der POD als eine Funktion der gewählten Systemparameter und somit als Optimierungswerkzeug verwendet, anstelle sie für die endgültige Beurteilung zu nehmen. Zur Handhabung der Zuverlässigkeitsuntersuchung von realen Defekten in einer realistischen Umgebung werden ökonomisch vertretbare, aber dennoch präzise genug arbeitende Methoden, wie der Ansatz von Bayes oder modellbasierte Methoden vorgestellt. Die menschlichen Faktoren sind oft von ausschlaggebender Wichtigkeit für die Gesamtzuverlässigkeit. Hier hilft ein systematischer psychologischer Ansatz die Engpässe und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten zu finden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">31716</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3139/120.110433</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0025-5300</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">29.07.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Daniel Kanzler</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zuverlässigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Modulares Modell</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Human factors</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>28829</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>270</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>275</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>55</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Hanser</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>München</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Safe product design - the role of the NDT reliability analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Im Zuge der Anwendung des Schadens-Toleranz-Prinzips wird ein adäquates zerstörungsfreies Prüfsystem benötigt um strukturelle Integrität sicher zu stellen. Wenn ein zerstörungsfreies Prüfsystem jedoch bis zu den Grenzen der Detektionsfähigkeit beansprucht wird, liefert es keine übereinstimmende Indikationen der Defektentdeckung (Hit/Miss). Deshalb wird dessen Fähigkeit Defekte zu entdecken als Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit (POD Probability of Detection) ausgedrückt. In der herkömmlichen 'Signal Response' Signal-Antwort-Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse wird die Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit als eine Funktion der Defektgröße angegeben. Die Eignung des Prüfsystems wird durch den Vergleich der Größe des Defektes, der zuverlässig entdeckt wird, mit der des größten zulässigen Defektes, der die strukturelle Integrität nicht gefährdet, verifiziert. Analysen moderner Strukturen zeigen aber, dass auch andere Parameter den Schweregrad des Defektes bzgl. der Integrität der Struktur bestimmen können. Im Rahmen der Multi-Parameter-Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse kann die Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit als eine Funktion verschiedener Einflussparameter ausgedrückt werden. Wenn die Eignung des zerstörungsfreien Prüfsystems bestimmt wird, muss die Fähigkeit des Systems Defekte zu entdecken gegenüber dem kritischen Wert genau des Parameters ausgedrückt und geprüft werden, der den Schweregrad des Defektes für die Integrität der Struktur bestimmt. Die Nichterfüllung dieser Forderung kann zur Ablehnung von intakten Teilen oder der Akzeptanz von schlechten Teilen führen. Das Prinzip wird anhand von longitudinalen Ultraschall-Sende-Empfangs-Prüfdaten der Gußeisenmatrix mit oberflächenoffenen, semi-elliptischen, rißartigen Defekten demonstriert.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">31714</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3139/120.110434</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0025-5300</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">29.07.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Mato Pavlovic</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>C. Boller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TRL-UT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>27583</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10 (Paper 198)</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Human factors approach to the acquisition and evaluation of NDT data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This paper gives an introduction to the field of human factors with the focus on their influence on the reliability of NDT in the nuclear energy production (in-service inspections) and final storage of highly radioactive nuclear waste. A set of methodological tools has been developed in the scope of three projects, namely: 1) a theoretical model describing potential human factors influencing manual ultrasonic inspection performance during inservice inspections in nuclear power plants; 2) a method for identifying potential human errors during acquisition and evaluation of data gathered with mechanized ultrasonic, radiographic and eddy-current systems, as well as visual testing with a remote camera (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMEA); and 3) use of eye tracking methodology to optimize existing procedures and practices. The experimental results have shown that time pressure, mental workload and experience influence the quality of the inspection performance. Noticeable were influences from the organization of the working schedule, communication, procedures, supervision and demonstration task. Implementing human redundancy in critical tasks, such as defect identification, as well as using an automated aid (software) to help operators in decision making about the existence and size of defects, could lead to other kinds of problems, namely social loafing (excerpting less effort when working on tasks collectively as compared to working alone) and automation bias (uncritical reliance on the proper function of an automated system without recognizing its limitations and the possibilities of automation failure) that might affect the reliability of NDT in an undesired manner.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing (Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">30410</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-620-52872-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Durban, South Africa</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.04.2012</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.04.2012</enrichment>
    <author>Marija Bertovic</author>
    <author>B. Fahlbruch</author>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>J. Pitkänen</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <author>Mate Gaal</author>
    <author>Daniel Kanzler</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>D. Schombach</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Human Factors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time Pressure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>4-Eye Principle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automation Bias</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nuclear Waste Storage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-Service Inspection (ISI)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nuclear Power Plants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eye Tracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>14418</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>227</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>252</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Probability-of-Detection-Evaluation of NDT Techniques for Cu-Canisters for Risk Assessment of Nuclear Waste Encapsulation</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">4th International Probabilistic Symposium : 12th - 13th October 2006</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">16205</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">3-00-019232-8</identifier>
    <note>Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. -  Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.</note>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">4th International Probabilistic Symposium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2006-10-12</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2006-10-13</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Mstislav Elagin</author>
    <author>Carsten Bellon</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>Uwe Zscherpel</author>
    <author>Martina Rosenthal</author>
    <author>Bernhard Redmer</author>
    <author>H. Ryden</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zuverlässigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>14419</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1(?)</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>22(?)</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">POD (Probability of Detection) Evaluation of NDT Techniques for Cu-Canisters for Risk Assessment of Nuclear Waste Encapsulation</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">9th European Conference on NDT</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">16206</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">3-931381-86-2</identifier>
    <note>Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. -  Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.</note>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">9th European Conference on NDT</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2006-09-25</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2006-09-29</enrichment>
    <author>Christina Müller</author>
    <author>Mstislav Elagin</author>
    <author>Carsten Bellon</author>
    <author>Uwe Ewert</author>
    <author>Uwe Zscherpel</author>
    <author>Martina Rosenthal</author>
    <author>Bernhard Redmer</author>
    <author>H. Ryden</author>
    <author>U. Ronneteg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zuverlässigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>POD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
