<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>30193</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2260-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2260-12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Kluwer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Dordrecht</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Dynamic light-scattering measurement comparability of nanomaterial suspensions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Increased use of nanomaterials in everyday products leads to their environmental release and therefore, the information need on their fate and behaviour. Nanomaterials have to be suspended with high repeatability and comparability for studies on environmental effects. They also have to be well characterised with a focus on the state of agglomeration and particle size distribution. Dynamic light-scattering (DLS) is a common technique used for these measurements. If suspensions are prepared in different laboratories, then concern has risen about the comparability of the measured results, especially when different DLS instruments are used. Therefore, for quality assurance, a round-robin test was conducted to assess the comparability of different DLS instruments and a dispersion protocol in ten independent laboratories. Polystyrene and TiO2 were chosen as test (nano)materials. For the comparability of the DLS instruments, the average sizes of the PSL and a stabilised TiO2 suspension were measured. The measured average hydrodynamic diameter shows an overall good inter-laboratory comparability. For the PSL suspension, an average hydrodynamic diameter of 201 ± 13 nm and for the TiO2 suspension an average diameter of 224 ± 24 nm were detected. For the TiO2 suspension that was prepared at each laboratory following an established suspension preparation protocol, an average hydrodynamic diameter of 211 ± 11 nm was detected. The measured average particle size (mode) increased up to 284 nm with a high standard deviation of 119 nm if the preparation protocol could not established and different procedures or different equipment were employed. This study shows that no significant differences between the employed DLS instrument types were determined. It was also shown that comparable measurements and suspension preparation could be achieved if well-defined suspension preparation protocols and comparable equipment can be used.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of nanoparticle research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">33153</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s11051-014-2260-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1388-0764</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1572-896X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.02.2014</enrichment>
    <author>C. Nickel</author>
    <author>J. Angelstorf</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>C. Burkart</author>
    <author>S. Gabsch</author>
    <author>S. Giebner</author>
    <author>A. Haase</author>
    <author>B. Hellack</author>
    <author>H. Hollert</author>
    <author>K. Hund-Rinke</author>
    <author>D. Jungmann</author>
    <author>H. Kaminski</author>
    <author>A. Luch</author>
    <author>H.M. Maes</author>
    <author>A. Nogowski</author>
    <author>M. Oetken</author>
    <author>A. Schaeffer</author>
    <author>A. Schiwy</author>
    <author>K. Schlich</author>
    <author>M. Stintz</author>
    <author>F. von der Kammer</author>
    <author>T.A.J. Kuhlbusch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Comparison measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dynamic light scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanomaterial suspension</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standard operation procedure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Instrumentation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>18560</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>9475</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9485</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>36</issue>
    <volume>47</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ACS Publ.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>American Chemical Society</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">1.55 Å Structure of the Ectoine Binding Protein TeaA of the Osmoregulated TRAP-Transporter TeaABC from Halomonas elongata</title>
    <abstract language="eng">TeaABC from the moderate halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata belongs to the tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporters (TRAP-T), a family of secondary transporters functioning in conjunction with periplasmic substrate binding proteins. TeaABC facilitates the uptake of the compatible solutes ectoine and hydroxyectoine that are accumulated in the cytoplasm under hyperosmotic stress to protect the cell from dehydration. TeaABC is the only known TRAP-T activated by osmotic stress. Currently, our knowledge on the osmoregulated compatible solute transporter is limited to ABC transporters or conventional secondary transporters. Therefore, this study presents the first detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying substrate recognition of the substrate binding protein of an osmoregulated TRAP-T. In the present study we were able to demonstrate by isothermal titration calorimetry measurements that TeaA is a high-affinity ectoine binding protein (Kd = 0.19 μM) that also has a significant but somewhat lower affinity to hydroxyectoine (Kd = 3.8 μM). Furthermore, we present the structure of TeaA in complex with ectoine at a resolution of 1.55 Å and hydroxyectoine at a resolution of 1.80 Å. Analysis of the TeaA binding pocket and comparison of its structure to other compatible solute binding proteins from ABC transporters reveal common principles in compatible solute binding but also significant differences like the solvent-mediated specific binding of ectoine to TeaA.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Biochemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">20715</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/bi8006719</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0006-2960</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-4995</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.12.2008</enrichment>
    <author>S. Kuhlmann</author>
    <author>A. C. Terwisscha van Scheltinga</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>Hans-Jörg Kunte</author>
    <author>C. M. Ziegler</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Halophilic Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Halomonas elongata</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Substrate binding protein</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TRAP-transporter</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TeaABC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>osmoregulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>compatible solutes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ectoine</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>hydroxyectoine</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23951</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>4160</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4166</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>27</issue>
    <volume>1218</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Processing nanoparticles with A4F-SAXS for toxicological studies: Iron oxide in cell-based assays</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Nanoparticles are not typically ready-to-use for in vitro cell culture assays. Prior to their use in assays, powder samples containing nanoparticles must be dispersed, de-agglomerated, fractionated by size, and characterized with respect to size and size distribution. For this purpose we report exemplarily on polyphosphate-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in aqueous suspension. Fractionation and online particle size analysis was performed in a time-saving procedure lasting 50 min by combining asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Narrowly distributed nanoparticle fractions with radii of gyration (Rg) from 7 to 21 nm were obtained from polydisperse samples. The A4F-SAXS combination is introduced for the preparation of well-characterized sample fractions originating from a highly polydisperse system as typically found in engineered nanoparticles. A4F-SAXS processed particles are ready-to-use for toxicological studies. The results of preliminary tests of the effects of fractionated iron oxide nanoparticles with a Rg of 15 nm on a human colon model cell line are reported.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of chromatography A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">26562</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.012</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0021-9673</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.07.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Patrick Knappe</author>
    <author>L. Boehmert</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>S. Karmutzki</author>
    <author>B. Niemann</author>
    <author>A. Lampen</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Field-flow-fractionation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Small-angle X-ray scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>12637</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>7411</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7415</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>17</issue>
    <volume>22</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Chemical Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">H-Bonding-Directed Self-Assembly of Synthetic Copolymers Containing Nucleobases: Organization and Colloidal Fusion in a Noncompetitive Solvent</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The self-organization of random copolymers composed of a nucleobase monomer (either 1-(4-vinylbenzyl)thymine or 9-(4-vinylbenzyl)adenine) and dodecyl methacrylate (DMA) was studied in dilute chloroform solutions. The balance between the molar fractions of the nucleobase monomer (leading to intermolecular H-bonding) and DMA (soluble moiety in chloroform) in the polymer chains was found to be the parameter that principally influences the self-organization. DMA-rich copolymers are molecularly soluble in chloroform, whereas nucleobase-rich copolymers are insoluble in this solvent. Copolymers possessing an equimolar comonomer composition self-assemble into micrometer-sized particles physically cross-linked by intermolecular H-bonds (either thymine-thymine or adenine-adenine interactions, depending on the studied copolymer). Nevertheless, when mixed together, thymine- and adenine-based colloids fuse into thermodynamically stable microspheres cross linked by adenine-thymine interactions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Langmuir</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">14370</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/la061382a</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0743-7463</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-5827</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">28.08.2006</enrichment>
    <author>J.-F. Lutz</author>
    <author>S. Pfeifer</author>
    <author>M. Chanana</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synthetic polymers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Self-organization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>H-bonding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nucleobases</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Confocal fluorescence microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>26975</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2362</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2369</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>22</issue>
    <volume>213</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH Verl.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Core-shell structures of oligosaccharide-functionalized hyperbranched poly(ethylene imines)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine)s (PEIs) functionalized with maltose, maltotriose, and maltoheptaose form distinct core-shell globular nanoparticles as revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The solution structures are quantified using the Beaucage unified exponential/power-law approach. SAXS results were confirmed with dynamic light scattering (DLS). We found that all PEI structures are completely insensitive to changes of temperature (5 °C &lt; T &lt; 80 °C) and pH (1 &lt; pH &lt; 10). This remarkable stability of a compact spherical polymeric structure makes the modified PEIs promising for a wide range of biomedical applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Macromolecular chemistry and physics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">29762</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/macp.201100490</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1022-1352</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1521-3935</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.11.2012</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>Dietmar Appelhans</author>
    <author>B. Voit</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Colloids</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Core-shell polymers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polyamines</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>12446</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>5856</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5861</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>13</issue>
    <volume>22</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Chemical Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">V-Shaped Crystalline Structures of Di-n-alkyl Esters of Phosphoric Acid</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We prepared crystals of di-n-alkyl esters of phosphoric acid with chain lengths of n = 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18. These were characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the alkyl chains are in an extended all-trans conformation and aligned close to perpendicular, forming V-shaped molecules. This is in strong contrast to the typical arrangement of the alkyl chains of phospholipids where the two alkyl chains are arranged parallel in the same direction (e.g., tuning fork configuration in bilayers). Additionally, it was found that the arrangement of the V-shaped molecules of the di-n-alkyl esters in neighboring stacks of the lamellar crystals is antiparallel for short chain lengths (n = 10 and 12) and parallel for the longer (n = 14 and 16). DSC reveals that the melting of the crystals increases systematically with increasing chain lengths from 48 to 82 C. The contribution of each methylene group to the melting enthalpy (70-133 kJ/mol) is independent of the chain length (3.9 kJ per mol CH2).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Langmuir</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">14171</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/la0603572</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0743-7463</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-5827</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.06.2006</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>D.G. Kurth</author>
    <author>M. Beinhoff</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>Burkhard Schulz</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51760</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>10329</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10332</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>56</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Royal Society of Chemistry</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Tandem X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering for in situ time-resolved monitoring of gold nanoparticle mechanosynthesis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Current time-resolved in situ approaches limit the scope of mechanochemical investigations possible. Here we develop a new, general approach to simultaneously follow the evolution of bulk atomic and electronic structure during a mechanochemical synthesis. This is achieved by coupling two complementary synchrotron-based X-ray methods: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction. We apply this method to investigate the bottom-up mechanosynthesis of technologically important Au micro and nanoparticles in the presence of three different reducing agents, hydroquinone, sodium citrate, and NaBH4. Moreover, we show how XAS offers new insight into the early stage generation of growth species (e.g. monomers and clusters), which lead to the subsequent formation of nanoparticles. These processes are beyond the detection capabilities of diffraction methods. This combined X-ray approach paves the way to new directions in mechanochemical research of advanced electronic materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ChemComm</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/d0cc03862h</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1364-548X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.12.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Paulo de Olivera</author>
    <author>Adam Michalchuk</author>
    <author>Ana de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>R. Torresi</author>
    <author>P. Camargo</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanochemistry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XANES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nano particles</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.3 Strukturanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50753</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>713</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Advances in Nickel Nanoparticle Synthesis via Oleylamine Route</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Nickel nanoparticles are an active research area due to their multiple applications as catalysts in different processes. A variety of preparation techniques have been reported for the synthesis of these nanoparticles, including solvothermal, microwave-assisted, and emulsion techniques. The well-studied solvothermal oleylamine synthesis route comes with the drawback of needing standard air-free techniques and often space-consuming glassware. Here, we present a facile and straightforward synthesis method for size-controlled highly monodisperse nickel nanoparticles avoiding the use of, e.g., Schlenk techniques and space-consuming labware. The nanoparticles produced by this novel synthetic route were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were in a size range of 4–16 nm, show high sphericity, no oxidation, and no agglomeration after synthesis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">nanomaterials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/nano10040713</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-507531</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">13.05.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Maria Heilmann</author>
    <author>Hannes Kulla</author>
    <author>Carsten Prinz</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>Uwe Reinholz</author>
    <author>Ana de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticle synthesis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nickel nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SAXS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TEM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XAS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.3 Strukturanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50753/nanomaterials-10-00713-v2.pdf</file>
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  <doc>
    <id>37616</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>4232</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4239</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ACS Publications</publisherName>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Role of water during crystallization of amorphous cobalt phosphate nanoparticles</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transformation of amorphous precursors into crystalline solids and the associated mechanisms are still poorly understood. We illuminate the formation and reactivity of an amorphous cobalt phosphate hydrate precursor and the role of water for its crystallization process. Amorphous cobalt phosphate hydrate nanoparticles (ACP) with diameters of ∼20 nm were prepared in the absence of additives from aqueous solutions at low concentrations and with short reaction times. To avoid the kinetically controlled transformation of metastable ACP into crystalline Co₃(PO₄)₂ × 8H₂O (CPO) its separation must be fast. The crystallinity of ACP could be controlled through the temperature during precipitation. A second amorphous phase (HT-ACP) containing less water and anhydrous Co₃(PO₄)₂ was formed at higher temperature by the release of coordinating water. ACP contains approximately five molecules of structural water per formula unit as determined by thermal analysis (TGA) and quantitative IR spectroscopy. The Co²+ coordination in ACP is tetrahedral, as shown by XANES/EXAFS spectroscopy, but octahedral in crystalline CPO. ACP is stable in the absence of water even at 500 °C. In the wet state, the transformation of ACP to CPO is triggered by the diffusion and incorporation of water into the structure. Quantitative in situ IR analysis allowed monitoring the crystallization kinetics of ACP in the presence of water.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Crystal Growth &amp; Design</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00208</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1528-7483</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1528-7505</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.10.2016</enrichment>
    <author>S. Bach</author>
    <author>M. Panthöfer</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>Ana de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <author>W. Tremel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluorapatite-gelatin nanocomposites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Calcium-carbonate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Zinc phosphate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystal-growth</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nucleation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polymorphism</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>59469</id>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>440</volume>
    <type>article</type>
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    <title language="eng">Solution-driven processing of calcium sulfate: The mechanism of the reversible transformation of gypsum to bassanite in brines</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Here, we show that calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) can be directly, rapidly and reversibly converted to calcium sulfate hemihydrate (bassanite) in high salinity solutions (brines). The optimum conditions for the efficient production of bassanite in a short time (&lt;5 min) involve the use of brines with c(NaCl) &gt; 4 M and maintaining a temperature, T &gt; 80 °C. When the solution containing bassanite crystals is cooled down to around room temperature, eventually gypsum is formed. When the temperature is raised again to T &gt; 80 °C, bassanite is rapidly re-precipitated. This contrasts with the better-known behaviour of the bassanite phase in low-salt environments. In low-salinity aqueous solutions, bassanite is considered to be metastable with respect to gypsum and anhydrite, and therefore gypsum-to-bassanite conversion does not occur in pure water. Interestingly, the high-salinity transformation of gypsum-to-bassanite has been reported by many authors and used in practice for several decades, although its very occurrence actually contradicts numerical thermodynamic predictions regarding solubility of calcium sulfate phases. By following the evolution of crystalline phases with in situ and time-resolved X-ray diffraction/scattering and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the phase stability in brines at elevated temperatures was inaccurately represented in the thermodynamic databases. Most notably for c(NaCl) &gt; 4 M, and T &gt; 80 °C gypsum becomes readily more soluble than bassanite, which induces the direct precipitation of the latter from gypsum. The fact that these transformations are controlled by the solution provides extensive opportunities for precise manipulation of crystal formation. Our experiments confirmed that bassanite remained the sole crystalline phase for many hours before reverting into gypsum. This property is extremely advantageous for practical processing and efficient crystal extraction in industrial scenarios.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Cleaner Production</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652624004591#appsec1</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141012</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594698</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0959-6526</identifier>
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    <author>Tomasz Stawski</author>
    <author>Stephanos Karafiludis</author>
    <author>Carlos Pimentel</author>
    <author>German Montes-Hernández</author>
    <author>Zdravko Kochovski</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>Karin Weimann</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <author>Ernesto Scoppola</author>
    <author>Alexander E.S. Van Driessche</author>
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      <value>Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering</value>
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      <value>Strategy and Management</value>
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      <value>General Environmental Science</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Building and Construction</value>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Calcium sulfate</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gypsum</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bassanite</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scattering</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Raman</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Synchrotron</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>BESSY</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MySpot</value>
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    <pageFirst>116</pageFirst>
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    <title language="eng">Mechanochemical ZIF-9 formation: in situ analysis and photocatalytic enhancement evaluation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Efficient treatment of persistent pollutants in wastewater is crucial for sustainable water management and environmental protection. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the mechanochemical synthesis and photocatalytic performance of ZIF-9, a cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework. Using synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction, we provide real-time insights into the formation dynamics of ZIF-9 during mechanosynthesis. Our results show that mechanochemically synthesised ZIF-9 exhibits superior photocatalytic activity compared to its solvothermally prepared counterpart, achieving a 2-fold increase in methylene blue degradation rate. This research not only advances our understanding of the synthesis and properties of ZIF-9, but also demonstrates the potential of mechanochemical approaches in the development of high-performance, sustainably produced materials for water treatment and other environmental applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">RSC Mechanochemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2976-8683</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/D4MR00114A</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">23.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Noelia Rodríguez-Sánchez</author>
    <author>Carsten Prinz</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>Menta Ballesteros</author>
    <author>A. Rabdel Ruiz Salvador</author>
    <author>Biswajit Bhattacharya</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MOFs</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ZIF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time-resolved in situ investigation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photocatalysis  synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction</value>
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    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
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    <title language="eng">Size-Tunable Ni–Cu Core–Shell Nanoparticles—Structure, Composition, and Catalytic Activity for the Reverse Water–Gas Shift Reaction</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A facile and efficient methodology is described for the solvothermal synthesis of size-tunable, stable, and uniform NiCu core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) for application in catalysis. The diameter of the NPs is tuned in a range from 6 nm to 30 nm and to adjust the Ni:Cu ratio from 30:1 to 1:1. Furthermore, the influence of different reaction parameters on the final NPs is studied. The NPs are structurally characterized by a method combination of transmission electron microscopy, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Using these analytical methods, it is possible to elucidate a core–shell–shell structure of all particles and their chemical composition. In all cases, a depletion from the core to the shell is observed, with the core consisting of NiCu alloy, surrounded by an inner Ni-rich shell and an outer NiO shell. The SiO2-supported NiCu core–shell NPs show pronounced selectivity of &gt;99% for CO in the catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO using hydrogen as reactant (reverse water–gas shift reaction) independent of size and Ni:Cu ratio.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Engineering Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adem.202101308</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-1656</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543606</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Maria Heilmann</author>
    <author>Carsten Prinz</author>
    <author>Ralf Bienert</author>
    <author>R. Wendt</author>
    <author>B. Kunkel</author>
    <author>Jörg Radnik</author>
    <author>A. Hoell</author>
    <author>S. Wohlrab</author>
    <author>Ana de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Core-shell</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Catalysis</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
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    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54360/AdvEngMater_2022_Heilmann.pdf</file>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3886</pageFirst>
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    <title language="eng">Utilizing Taguchi method and in situ X-ray powder diffraction monitoring to determine the influence of mechanical activation conditions on the physico-chemical properties and Al leachability of K-feldspar</title>
    <abstract language="eng">K-feldspar represents an important natural resource of potassium and aluminum. Within the framework of this study, the K-feldspar was mechanically activated in a planetary ball mill under different conditions planned according to 43 Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design. As outputs, specific surface area (SBET), median particle size (d50), amorphization degree of mineral phases , and Al recovery were used. It was found that the initial d50 value of 293 μm could be reduced to 6.7 μm and the SBET value of 4.7 m2/g could be increased up to 32.5 m2/g upon milling. Both microcline KAl3SiO8, and albite NaAl3SiO8 could be almost completely amorphized, whereas quartz SiO2 still maintained some crystallinity even under the most intensive conditions. Increasing SBET and decreasing the d50 values did not lead to a significant improvement in Al leach recovery, whereas a clear relationship between the amorphization of microcline and the recovered aluminum was found. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that increasing ball-to-powder ratio is the most beneficial for the improvement in Al recovery. In situ powder X-ray diffraction monitoring performed in an oscillation ball mill under synchrotron irradiation has shown very rapid amorphization of microcline phase at the beginning. However, amorphization of microcline was only partial after two hours of the treatment in this mill, apart from almost complete process in the planetary ball mill. In the end, regressions for the calculation of Al recovery by knowing the values of input parameters were calculated. In general, by just using mechanical activation without the subsequent roasting process that is commonly used to boost metal recoveries, it was possible to quantitatively recover aluminum from K-feldspar.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Research and Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.156</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2238-7854</identifier>
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