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  <doc>
    <id>52673</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Charakterisierung der Porositäts- und Rissdichteentwicklung in Wärmedämmschichten von Gasturbinenschaufeln mittels Synchrotron Refraktions Radiographie</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Degradation von Wärmedämmschichten(thermal barrier coatings - TBCs) in Gasturbinen durch glasartige Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat (CMAS)Ablagerungen aus verschiedenen Quellen istseit vielen Jahren ein anhaltendes Problem. In dieser Studie wurde mit Hilfe derSynchrotron-Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie (SXRR), und vergleichend mit der Elektronenmikroskopie, das Eindringen von CMAS in die poröse Struktur von atmosphärisch plasmagespritzten (APS)TBCs sowie die Bildung und das Wachstum von Rissen unter thermisch zyklischer Belastung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Infiltration sowie deren Kinetik im Brenner-Teststand wesentlich vom Benetzungsverhalten des CMAS beeinflusst werden. Trotz desoffensichtlichen Angriffs von CMAS auf die Korngrenzen hat die Wechselwirkung von Yttriumdioxid-stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) mit intrudiertem CMAS keinen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die Struktur und Dichte der innen Oberflächen(Risse, Poren). In einem späteren Stadium wird die Bildung von Rissen senkrecht zur äußeren Oberfläche in einer breiteren Zone der TBC-Schicht beobachtet.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband der DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Programm#P32</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526732</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/52665</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/47804</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>D. E. Mack</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>O. Helle</author>
    <author>D. Sebold</author>
    <author>R. Vaßen</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CMAS - Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SXRR - Synchrotron X-ray Refraction Radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TBC - Thermal barrier coatings</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52673/P32.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58051</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>6995</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7008</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>106</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-Blackwell</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford [u.a.]</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The stress–strain behavior of refractory microcracked aluminum titanate: The effect of zigzag microcracks and its modeling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The stress–strain behavior of ceramics, such as aluminum titanate, has certain features that are unusual for brittle materials—in particular, a substantial nonlinearity under uniaxial tension, and load–unload hysteresis caused by the sharp increase of the incremental stiffness at the beginning of unloading. These features are observed experimentally and are attributed to microcracking. Here we compare different degrees of stress–strain nonlinearity of aluminum titanate materials and quantitatively model them. We use advanced mechanical testing to observe the mechanical response at room and high temperature; electron microscopy, and X-ray refraction radiography to observe the microstructural changes. Experiments show that two types of microcracks can be distinguished: (i) microcracks induced by cooling from the sintering temperature (due to heterogeneity and anisotropy of thermal expansion), with typical sizes of the order of grain size, and (ii) much larger microcracks generated by the mechanical loading. The two microcrack types produce different effects on the stress–strain curves. Such microcracks and the features of the stress–strain behavior depend on the density of the cooling-induced microcracks and on the distribution of grain sizes. They are modeled analytically and numerically.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of the American Ceramic Society</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1551-2916</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/jace.19325</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580517</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.08.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>M. Mouiya</author>
    <author>M. Martynyuk</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>R. Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>N.T. Doyen</author>
    <author>Y. Tamraoui</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>M. Huger</author>
    <author>M. Kachanov</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hystersis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nonlinear stress-strain curve</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Refractory</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stiffness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/58051/Mouiya_JAmCeramSoc_106_2023_6995.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>39113</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterizing damage evolution in metal matrix composites with X-ray refraction topography and in situ tensile loading</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this study a metal-matrix-composite with aluminum matrix and Al2O3 particles was investigated with x-ray refraction topography and in-situ tensile loading. It could be observed that after reaching a certain load the specific surface increased steadily. However, the classical radiographs taken for comparison show no damage in the sample.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">8th Joint BER II and BESSY II User Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.12.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">09.12.2016</enrichment>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metal matrix composites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ loading</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57452</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>12672</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12679</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>49</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Science</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Microstructural characterization of AP40 apatite-wollastonite glass-ceramic</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The microstructure of an apatite-wollastonite (code name AP40) glass-ceramic is analyzed in this study by combining 2D microscopy, phase analysis, X-ray absorption and synchrotron X-ray refraction computed tomography (XCT and SXRCT, respectively). It is shown that this combination provides a useful toolbox to characterize the global microstructure in a wide scale range, from sub-micrometer to millimeter. The material displays a complex microstructure comprising a glassy matrix with embedded fluorapatite and wollastonite small crystals. In this matrix, large (up to 200 μm) spike-shaped structures are distributed. Such microstructural features are oriented around a central sphere, thereby forming a structure resembling a sea urchin. A unique feature of SXRCT, in contrast to XCT, is that internal interfaces are visualized; this allows one to show the 3D distribution of these urchins with exceptionally good contrast. Furthermore, it is revealed that the spike-shaped structures are not single crystals, but rather composed of sub-micrometric crystals, which are identified as fluorapatite and diopside phases by SEM-EDX analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Ceramics international</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.130</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0272-8842</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <author>Andrea Zocca</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Frank Wieder</author>
    <author>Sigrid Benemann</author>
    <author>Janka Wilbig</author>
    <author>Jens Günster</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Glass-ceramic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36619</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>We.3.B.2, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2016/158</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Progress survey of X-Ray refraction imaging techniques</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The most substantial innovations in radiographic imaging techniques of the last two decades aim at enhanced image contrast of weakly absorbing micro and nano structures by taking advantage of X-ray refraction effects occurring at outer and inner surfaces. The applications range from fibre reinforced plastics to biological tissues. These techniques comprise, among others, X-ray refraction topography, diffraction enhanced imaging, phase contrast imaging, Talbot-Lau grating interferometry, and refraction enhanced imaging. They all make use of selective beam deflections up to a few minutes of arc: the X-ray refraction effect. In contrast to diffraction, this type of interaction has a 100 % scattering cross section, as shown experimentally. Since X-ray refraction is very sensitive to the orientation of interfaces, it is additionally a tool to detect, e.g., fibre or pore orientation. If the detector resolution exceeds the size of (small) individual features, one detects the integral information (of inner surfaces) within the gauge volume. We describe the above-mentioned techniques, and show their experimental implementation in the lab and at a synchrotron source. We also show strategies for data processing and quantitative analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">DGZfP-Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-78-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366194</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.06.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.06.2016</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>M. P. Hentschel</author>
    <author>A. Lange</author>
    <author>Volker Trappe</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Yury Shashev</author>
    <author>Sergei Evsevleev</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>grating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>topography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/36619/Kupsch_WCNDT_2016_We_3_B_2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36648</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Tu.4.B.3, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>BB 158</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">3D Crack analysis in hydrogen charged lean duplex stainless steel with synchrotron refraction CT</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hydrogen in metals can cause a degradation of the mechanical properties, the so-called hydrogen embrittlement. In combination with internal stresses, hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) can occur. This phenomenon is not completely understood yet. To better characterise the cracking behaviour, it is important to gain information about the evolution of the 3D crack network. For this purpose samples of lean duplex stainless steel were loaded with hydrogen by means of electrochemical charging and investigated by means of synchrotron refraction CT and SEM fractography after uniaxial tensile loading. Synchrotron refraction CT is an analyser-based imaging (ABI) technique. It uses a Si (111) single crystal as analyser, which is placed into the beam path between sample and detector. According to Bragg’s law only incident x-rays within a narrow range around the Bragg-angle are diffracted from the analyser into the detector. Hence, the analyser acts as an angular filter for the transmitted beam. This filtering allows to turn the refraction and scattering of x-rays into image contrast. Refraction occurs at all interfaces, where the density of the material changes and is more sensitive to density changes than the attenuation. Therefore, it is possible to detect smaller cracks than with classical x-ray imaging techniques, like CT, with comparable spacial resolution. It also visualises the 3D structure of the cracks and gains quantitative information about their morphology and distribution. Since cracks introduced by HAC are usually very small and have a small opening displacement, synchrotron refraction CT is expected to be well suited for imaging this cracking mechanism and can be a valuable tool to characterise the formation and the evolution of a 3D crack network.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceeedings of the 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-78-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366481</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">WCNDT 2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">München, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.06.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.06.2016</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitung 3.0</licence>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Axel Griesche</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Axel Lange</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Duplex stainless steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/36648/Tu_4_B_3_Laquai.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50983</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>4146</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4157</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>51</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Using SXRR to Probe the Nature of Discontinuities in SLM Additive Manufactured Inconel 718 Specimens</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) to fabricate robust structural components relies on understanding the nature of internal anomalies or discontinuities, which can compromise the structural integrity. While some discontinuities in AM microstructures stem from similar mechanisms as observed in more traditional processes such as casting, others are unique to the AM process. Discontinuities in AM are challenging to detect, due to their submicron size and orientation dependency. Toward the goal of improving structural integrity, minimizing discontinuities in an AM build requires an understanding of the mechanisms of formation to mitigate their occurrence. This study utilizes various techniques to evaluate the shape, size, nature and distribution of discontinuities in AM Inconel 718, in a non-hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) as-built, non-HIPed and direct age, and HIPed with two step age samples. Non-destructive synchrotron radiation refraction and transmission radiography (SXRR) provides additional information beyond that obtained with destructive optical microscopy. SXRR was able to distinguish between voids, cracks and lack of melt in, due to its sensitivity to the orientation of the discontinuity.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s11661-020-05847-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1543-1940</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509836</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.07.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>J. Schneider</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>INCONEL 718</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective laser melting</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/50983/Laquai_et_al_2020_SXRR_to_Probe_SLM_IN718_MetMatTransA_51.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53454</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2100763 -1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2100763 -13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>24</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>VCH GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evolution of Damage in All-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite After Cyclic Loading</title>
    <abstract language="eng">While structural ceramics usually display a brittle mechanical behavior, their composites may show nonlinearities, mostly due to microcracking. Herein, the stiffness evolution of a sandwich-like laminate of an Al2O3 15%vol. ZrO2 matrix reinforced with Nextel 610 fibers is studied as a function of number of cycles N in tension. The stiffness of the composite degrades with increasing N, indicating microcracking. However, synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography shows that the internal specific surface of such cracks varies differently. A modeling strategy is developed for the calculation of the equivalent stiffness of mixtures (first the matrix and then the sandwich), based on the Voigt and Reuß schemes. The Bruno–Kachanov model is then used to estimate the initial microcrack density in the matrix (due to the thermal expansion mismatch) and the amount of microcracking increase upon cyclic loading. The stiffness in the composite degrades dramatically already after 20 000 cycles but then remains nearly constant. The combination of mechanical testing, quantitative imaging analysis, and modeling provides insights into the damage mechanisms acting: microcrack propagation is more active than microcrack initiation upon cyclic loading, but the second also occurs. This scenario is similar but not equal to previous results on porous and microcracked ceramics.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Engineering Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1527-2648</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-1656</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adem.202100763</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-534541</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.10.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>S. Paciornik</author>
    <author>J. Horvath</author>
    <author>K. Tushtev</author>
    <author>K. Rezwan</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ceramic matrix composites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Homogenization schemes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microcracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nonlinear behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/53454/Kupsch_AdvEngMater_23_2021_2100763.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54281</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Quantitative analysis of hydrogen-assisted microcracking in duplex stainless steel through X-ray refraction 3D imaging</title>
    <abstract language="eng">While the problem of the identification of mechanisms of hydrogen assisted damage has and is being thoroughly studied, the quantitative analysis of such damage still lacks suitable tools. In fact, while, for instance, electron microscopy yields excellent characterization, the quantitative analysis of damage requires at the same time large field-of-views and high spatial resolution. Synchrotron X-ray refraction techniques do possess both features. In this work, we show how synchrotron X-ray refraction computed tomography (SXRCT) can quantify damage induced by hydrogen embrittlement in a lean duplex steel, yielding results that overperform even those achievable by synchrotron X-ray absorption computed tomography. As already reported in literature, but this time using a non-destructive technique, we show that the hydrogen charge does not penetrate to the center of tensile specimens. By the comparison between virgin and hydrogen-charged specimens, we deduce that cracks in the specimen bulk are due to the rolling process rather than hydrogen-assisted. We show that (micro)cracks propagate from the surface of tensile specimens to the interior with increasing applied strain, and we deduce that a significant crack propagation can only be observed short before rupture.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced engineering materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-1656</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adem.202101287</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542811</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">14.02.2022</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Thomas Schaupp</author>
    <author>Axel Griesche</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Andreas Hannemann</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>2101 duplex stainless steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen embrittlement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microcracking</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54281/10_1002_adem_202101287.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57617</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Anwendungen der Röntgenrefraktionstechnik zur zerstörungsfreien Charakterisierung von Keramiken und Verbundwerkstoffen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Brechung von Röntgenstrahlen (Röntgenrefraktion) an Grenzflächen zwischen Materialien unterschiedlicher Dichte ist analog zur Ablenk-ung von sichtbarem Licht an z.B. Glasoberflächen. Es gibt jedoch zwei wesentliche Unterschiede:&#13;
&#13;
a) konvexe Grenzflächen verursachen Divergenz (d.h. der Brechungsindex n ist kleiner als 1), und&#13;
b) die Ablenkungswinkel sind sehr klein, und reichen von einigen Bogensekunden bis zu einigen Bogenminuten (d.h. n ist nahe bei 1);&#13;
&#13;
Wie auch bei sichtbarem Licht ist die Ablenkungsrichtung der Röntgenstrahlen abhängig von der Orientierung der durchstrahlten Grenzfläche. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften eignen sich Röntgenrefraktionsmethoden hervorragend für:&#13;
&#13;
a) die Erkennung und Quantifizierung von Defekten wie Poren und Mikrorissen und&#13;
b) die Bewertung von Porosität und Partikeleigenschaften wie Orientierung, Größe und räumliche Verteilung.&#13;
&#13;
Wir zeigen die Anwendung der Röntgenrefraktionsradiographie (2,5D Technik) und der -tomographie (3D Technik) für die Untersuchung verschiedener Probleme in der Werkstoffwissenschaft und -technologie:&#13;
&#13;
a) Sintern von SiC-Grünkörpern&#13;
b) Porositätsanalyse in Dieselpartikelfiltersilikaten&#13;
c) Faser-Matrix-Haftung in Metall- und Polymermatrixverbundwerkstoffen&#13;
d) Mikrorissbildung in Glaskeramik.&#13;
&#13;
Wir zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Röntgenrefraktionsmethoden quantitative Ergebnisse liefert, die direkt als Parameter in Werkstoffmodellen verwendet werden können.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DGZfP-Berichtsband BB 180</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576171</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-947971-29-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2023/BB180/Inhalt/p9.pdf</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2023/BB180/Inhalt/default.htm</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DACH-Jahrestagung 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Friedrichshafen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-ND - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgen-Refraktion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Verbundwerkstoffe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keramik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57617/Mueller_Refraktion_DACH-Jahrestagung_2023.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>44241</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>6021</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6032</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>53</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer US</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In situ analysis of damage evolution in an Al/Al2O3 MMC under tensile load by synchrotron X-ray refraction imaging</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The in situ analysis of the damage evolution in a metal Matrix composite (MMC) using synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) is presented. The investigated material is an Al alloy (6061)/10 vol% Al2O3 MMC after T6 heat treatment.&#13;
In an interrupted tensile test the gauge section of dog bone-shaped specimens is imaged in different states of tensile loading. On the basis of the SXRR images, the relative change of the specific surface (proportional to the amount of damage) in the course of tensile loading was analyzed. It could be shown that the damage can be detected by SXRR already at a stage of tensile loading, in which no Observation of damage is possible with radiographic absorption-based imaging methods.&#13;
Moreover, the quantitative analysis of the SXRR images reveals that the amount of damage increases homogeneously by an average of 25% with respect to the Initial state. To corroborate the experimental findings, the damage distribution was imaged in 3D after the final tensile loading by synchrotron X-ray refraction computed tomography (SXRCT) and absorption-based synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). It could be evidenced that defects and damages cause pronounced indications in the SXRCT images.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10853-017-1957-x</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-2461</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-4803</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.02.2018</enrichment>
    <author>J. Nellesen</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>M. P. Hentschel</author>
    <author>N. B. Anar</author>
    <author>E. Soppa</author>
    <author>W. Tillmann</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Composite materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defects</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micro analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54324</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The combined use of X-ray refraction and transmission radiography and computed tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Alternative to conventional transmission-based radiography and computed tomography, X-ray refraction techniques are being increasingly used to detect damage in light materials. In fact, their range of application has been recently extended even to metals. The big advantage of X-ray refraction techniques is that they are able to detect nanometric defects, whose size would lie below the resolution of even state-of-the-art synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). The superiority of synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography and tomography (SXRR and SXRCT) has been shown in the case of light materials, in particular composites. X-ray refraction techniques also yield a quantitifaction of the amount of damage (the so-called relative internal specific surface) and can well be compared with damage models. At the same time, it is impossible for SXRR and SXRCT to image single defects. We show that the combination of refraction- and transmission-based imaging techniques yields an impressive amount of additional information about the type and amount of defects in microstructured materials such as additively manufactured metals or metal matrix composites. We also show that the use of data fusion techniques allows the classification of defects in statistically significant representative volume elements.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings 11th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ndt.net/article/ctc2022/papers/ICT2022_paper_id268.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">11th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.02.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.02.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Frank Wieder</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray refraction radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computed Tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Damage evolution</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>47148</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2401</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2406</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>941</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Trans Tech Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Microstructure characterisation of advanced materials via 2D and 3D X-ray refraction techniques</title>
    <abstract language="eng">3D imaging techniques have an enormous potential to understand the microstructure, its evolution, and its link to mechanical, thermal, and transport properties. In this conference paper we report the use of a powerful, yet not so wide-spread, set of X-ray techniques based on refraction effects. X-ray refraction allows determining internal specific surface (surface per unit volume) in a non-destructive fashion, position and orientation sensitive, and with a nanometric detectability. We demonstrate showcases of ceramics and composite materials, where microstructural parameters could be achieved in a way unrivalled even by high-resolution techniques such as electron microscopy or computed tomography. We present in situ analysis of the damage evolution in an Al/Al2O3 metal matrix composite during tensile load and the identification of void formation (different kinds of defects, particularly unsintered powder hidden in pores, and small inhomogeneity’s like cracks) in Ti64 parts produced by selective laser melting using synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography and tomography.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Science Forum</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.941.2401</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.scientific.net/MSF.941.2401</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1662-9752</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0255-5476</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-0357-1208-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">THERMEC 2018: 10TH international conference on processing and manufacturing of advanced materials</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Paris, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.07.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.07.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.06.2019</enrichment>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>J. Nellesen</author>
    <author>W. Tillmann</author>
    <author>G. Kasperovich</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing (AM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Damage evolution</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metal matrix composites</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>40579</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DGZfP</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Synchrotron-Refraktion mit in-situ Zugbelastung zur Charakterisierung der Schadensentwicklung in Metall-Matrix- Kompositen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Synchrotron-Refraktions-Topographie basiert auf der Brechung von Röntgenstrahlung an den Grenzflächen zwischen Materialien mit unterschiedlichem Brechungsindex. Refraktionseffekte verändern die Ausbreitungsrichtung der Röntgenstrahlung, welche mit Hilfe der Methode des Analyser-Based Imaging analysiert wird. Dabei wird ein Silizium-Einkristall im Strahlengang zwischen Probe und Detektor platziert. Dieser Analysator-Kristall filtert, innerhalb seiner Streuebene, die Röntgenstrahlung gemäß ihrer Ausbreitungsrichtung. Durch das Rastern verschiedener Winkelpositionen des Analysator-Kristalls erhält man das Winkelspektrum der von der Probe gebrochenen Strahlung. Aus dieser Rocking Curve lässt sich die spezifische innere Oberfläche der Probe bestimmen. Diese Information wird über einen 2D-Detektor mit einer nominellen Pixelgröße von 3,6 μm gewonnen. Die Installation einer Zugprüfmaschine ermöglicht es die Proben in verschiedenen Lastzuständen insitu zu untersuchen. Damit ist es möglich die spezifische innere Oberfläche in Abhängigkeit der Last darzustellen und so Schädigungsmechanismen abzuleiten. Der Vorteil bei der Ausnutzung des Refraktionseffekts gegenüber der einfachen Durchstrahlung ist die höhere Sensitivität gegenüber Defekten mit geringem Volumen aber großer Oberfläche. Somit werden auch Mikrorisse und, speziell bei Kompositen, die Enthaftung zwischen Matrix und Verstärkung (Partikel, Fasern) erfasst. In dieser Studie wurden Metall-Matrix-Komposite bestehend aus einer Aluminium-Matrix verstärkt mit Aluminiumoxid-Partikeln untersucht. Hierzu wurden knochenförmige Zugproben präpariert, deren Messlänge einen rechteckigen Querschnitt von 1,7 mm × 1,3 mm aufwies. Die Proben wurden einem Zugversuch unterzogen, welcher in Intervallen unterbrochen wurde. Bei jeder Unterbrechung wurde unter quasi-statischer Last die Rocking Curve gemessen und ein Radiogramm der spezifischen inneren Oberflächen berechnet. Dabei konnte ab dem Erreichen einer Last von ca. 600 N ein Anstieg der spezifischen inneren Oberfläche beobachtet werden. Demgegenüber zeigen die zum Vergleich durchgeführten Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen keinerlei Defekte. Daher belegt diese Untersuchung das Potential der Refraktion-Topographie zur frühzeitigen Erkennung von Schädigungen mit hoher Empfindlichkeit.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DGZfP Berichtsband BB162</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-85-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-405794</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP Jahrestagung  2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Koblenz, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.05.2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.05.2017</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung 3.0</licence>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>J. Nellesen</author>
    <author>M.P. Hentschel</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>W. Tillmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metall-Matrix-Komposite</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schadensentwicklung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-situ Zugbelastung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/40579/Mo_3_B_4_Laquai.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>43565</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2017</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DGZfP</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Risse an gekerbten kurzglasfaserverstärkten Thermoplasten zerstörungsfrei charakterisiert mit Röntgenverfahren</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Proben mit einer Mittelkerbe aus Polyamid 66 mit 35% Gewichtsan-teil an Kurzglasfaser (PA-GF35) wurden im Spritzgießverfahren hergestellt und in einem ungeschädigten und durch Schwingbeanspruch geschädigten Zustand mittels Röntgenverfahren charakterisiert. Sowohl die Faserorientierungsverteilung als auch die Riss-/Mikrorissbildung wurden mit der Röntgenrefraktionstopographie in einem SAXS-Aufbau und dem Diffraction-Enhanced-Imaging am Synchrotron (BESSY II) analysiert. Beide Verfahren spiegeln in guter Übereinstimmung die Charakteristiken dieser Werkstoffklasse in Bezug auf die Fertigungsqualität und die Schädigungsme-chanismen wider.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2017</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-940283-85-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.dgzfp.de/Dienste/Publikationen?kategorie=Berichtsb%C3%A4nde</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-435659</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Koblenz, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.05.2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.05.2017</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Volker Trappe</author>
    <author>Stefan Hickmann</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>Bernd R. Müller</author>
    <author>René Laquai</author>
    <author>M. De Monte</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kurzfaserverstärktes Polyamid</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Röntgenverfahren</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rissfortschritt</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/43565/Di_1_A_4_Trappe.pdf</file>
  </doc>
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