<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>52943</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>72</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>other</type>
    <publisherName>EU-VRi – European Virtual Institute for Integrated Risk Management</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Stuttgart, Germany</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">EC4Safenano - Catalogue of Services</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The publicly available document encapsulates the first version of the Catalogue of Services of the future EC4Safenano Centre (CoS 2019).&#13;
The CoS 2019 is structured in 12 Service Categories and 27 Service Topics, for each of the 12 categories considered. This architecture configures a 12 x 27 matrix that allows ordering the potential EC4Safenano offer in 324 types of services/groups of services.&#13;
Each type of service/group of services is described, in a simple and friendly way, by means of a specific service sheet: the EC4Safenano - Service Data Sheet (EC4-SDS). These EC4-SDSs allow structuring and summarizing the information of each service, providing the customer with a concise view of characteristics of the service and also the contact details with the service provider.&#13;
The CoS 2019 deploys a map of services consisting of a set of 100 EC4-SDSs, covering 7 of the 12 Service Categories and 17 of the 27 Service Topics.&#13;
The harmonization of services is visualized as a future necessary step in EC4Safenano, in order to strengthen the offer and provide added value to customers with a growing offer of harmonized services in future versions of the CoS.&#13;
The information contained in this document is structured in 3 main sections, as follows:&#13;
• Catalogue structure. This section describes in short the main characteristics of the CoS 2019.&#13;
• Catalogue content. This section represents the core part of the document and encapsulates the set of 100 SDSs displaying the offer proposed by the CoS 2019.&#13;
• Online Catalogue. This section describes the resources implemented by EC4Safenano to facilitate the on-line consultation of the CoS 2019 by customers and other interested parties.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://ec4safenano.eu-vri.eu/Public/Guidance</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>J.-M. López de Ipina</author>
    <author>A. Arevalillo</author>
    <author>A. Martín</author>
    <author>B. Caillard</author>
    <author>E. Marcoulaki</author>
    <author>O. Aguerre- Charol</author>
    <author>B. van Duuren-Stuurman</author>
    <author>Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba</author>
    <author>A.-K. Viitanen</author>
    <author>H. Witters</author>
    <author>S. Vercauteren</author>
    <author>K. Persson</author>
    <author>D. Bard</author>
    <author>G. Evans</author>
    <author>K.A. Jensen</author>
    <author>M. Himly</author>
    <author>S. Scalbi</author>
    <author>A. Papin</author>
    <author>O. Le Bihan</author>
    <author>T. Kanerva</author>
    <author>K. Tirez</author>
    <author>E. Frijns</author>
    <author>P. Niga</author>
    <author>K. Eleftheriadis</author>
    <author>A. Travlos</author>
    <author>M. Geppert</author>
    <author>M. Himly</author>
    <author>Jörg Radnik</author>
    <author>Petra Kuchenbecker</author>
    <author>Ute Resch-Genger</author>
    <author>I. Fraboulet</author>
    <author>C. Bressot</author>
    <author>J. Rissler</author>
    <author>R. Gaucher</author>
    <author>G. Binotto</author>
    <author>Arne Krietsch</author>
    <author>A. Braun</author>
    <author>S. Abenet</author>
    <author>J. Catalan</author>
    <author>S. Verstraelen</author>
    <author>N. Manier</author>
    <author>S. Manzo</author>
    <author>S. Fransman</author>
    <author>J. Queron</author>
    <author>D. Charpentier</author>
    <author>D. Taxell</author>
    <author>A. Säämänen</author>
    <author>J.-M. Brignon</author>
    <author>A. Jovanovic</author>
    <author>M Bisson</author>
    <author>P. Neofytou</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nano-safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Analytical services</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanomaterials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Catalogue of services</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EC4SafeNano</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>European Centre</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.2 Biophotonik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53662</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>153</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental and theoretical study on the inhibition effect of CO2/N2 blends on the ignition behavior of carbonaceous dust clouds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Gaseous inhibitors are used in many industries for the explosion prevention of combustible dusts, mitigating the potential hazard to humans, properties and environments. This work experimentally and theoretically studied the inerting effect of gaseous inhibitors on the ignition process of dust clouds in O2/N2/CO2 atmospheres, with an emphasis on the role of the CO2/N2 ratio. 10 different combustible carbonaceous dusts were selected, including grain dust, biomass dust and coal dust. Experimental results showed that the inhibition effect of CO2/N2 is closely related to the ignition mechanism of dust clouds. Specifically, a higher ratio of CO2/N2 yields a stronger inhibition effect on the ignition process of dust samples with relatively low volatile matter contents predominated by heterogeneous ignition. In addition, two novel steady-state ignition mechanism models were developed to interpret the experimental observations. Maxwell-Stefan equations were used to describe the diffusivity in the ternary O2/N2/CO2 gas mixtures. The analytical results were in good agreement with the experimental data of the minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud (MITC) in oxygen-lean atmospheres. The mechanism modelling can be used to estimate the critical ignition temperature of all carbonaceous dust clouds with a wide range of volatile matter content under different inert atmospheres, which will provide a reference for the explosion hazard assessment of dust posed by a hot surface in the process industries.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Process Safety and Environmental Protection</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.psep.2021.07.005</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0957-5820</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">01.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>W. Wu</author>
    <author>A. Wei</author>
    <author>W. Huang</author>
    <author>Peng Zhao</author>
    <author>Martin Schmidt</author>
    <author>Ulrich Krause</author>
    <author>Dejian Wu</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2/N2 ratio</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inerting effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Volatile matter content</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MITC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanism model</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53838</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>405</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Ignition temperature and mechanism of carbonaceous dust clouds: The roles of volatile matter, CH4 addition, O2 mole fraction and diluent gas</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Minimum ignition temperature of dust clouds (MITC) was studied experimentally and theoretically in different atmospheres. Three carbonaceous dusts were tested in both air and O2/CO2 atmospheres with CH4 mole fraction from 0 to 2%. Results showed that the ignition risk of the three dusts significantly increases (decrease of MITC by ~100 ℃) with increasing XO2 from 21% to 50%, but significantly decreases replacing N2 in air with CO2. The inhibition effect of CO2 on MITCs could be diminished by increasing XO2 or adding CH4. The addition of small amount of CH4 has different effects on the MITCs of different dust samples, following the opposite order of volatile matter content: anthracite&gt;bituminous coal&gt;starch. Two modified steady-state ignition models, considering the density of mixture gas and dust cloud, XO2 and its diffusivity, were developed to interpret the experimental observations. The analysis revealed that the global heterogeneous ignition model suits well for the hybrid mixtures of anthracite or bituminous coal dusts. In contrast, the proposed global homogeneous ignition model was found to be only valid for the pure starch dust, and the extra CH4 addition could strongly affect the ignition process of starch, particularly in O2/CO2 atmospheres with higher XO2.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of hazardous materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0304-3894</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124189</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-3336</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.11.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Dejian Wu</author>
    <author>X. Tan</author>
    <author>A. Wei</author>
    <author>Q. Duan</author>
    <author>W. Huang</author>
    <author>Martin Schmidt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dust explosions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas explosions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Minimum ignition temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hybrid mixtures</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55013</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>399</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Inhibition effect of N2/CO2 blends on the minimum explosion concentration of agriculture and coal dusts</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Minimum explosion concentration (MEC) of three agriculture dusts and two coal dusts was studied via a 20-L explosion chamber to reveal the role of gaseous inhibitors. Both active method (CO2 diluting air) and passive method (CO2 replacing O2) were used. The TG and DTG thermal analysis tests were conducted to study the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of dust samples. An alternative explosion criterion based on combustion duration time was used to determine MEC, and compared with the standardized overpressure method. Under 10-kJ ignition condition, as oxygen mole fraction (XO2) decreased from 21% to 10%, MEC of agriculture dusts and coal dusts respectively increased by around 5 times and 2 times. The active inerting method with a lower N2/CO2 ratio was found to have a better suppression effect on the explosion of the five carbonaceous dusts because the blend has a higher specific heat and a lower oxygen diffusion rate.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Powder Technology 399 (2022) 117195</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0032-5910</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117195</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Dejian Wu</author>
    <author>Martin Schmidt</author>
    <author>W. Huang</author>
    <author>A. Wei</author>
    <author>U. Krause</author>
    <author>W. Wu</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CO2/N2 ratio</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion criterion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Combustion kinetics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Inerting effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosion characteristics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Fire Science</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63698</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>385</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>390</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>116</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Italy</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Heat Radiation Emanating from Hydrogen and Methane Jet Fires</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Modelling the heat radiation emanating from jet flames for initial hazard assessment purposes is generally done using simple, steady-state, approaches that give a quick estimation useful for impact analysis. Although nowadays CFD can be used to simulate this phenomenon in detail, it is still very demanding in computational power and time, and generally not all required boundary conditions to achieve a reliable result are known.&#13;
Therefore, even today simpler empirical approaches are still widely used for consequence analysis. Hydrogen is becoming increasingly important as renewable energy carrier resulting in an increasing demand of “hydrogen-approved” models. Since the aforenamed models were mainly developed based on data from hydrocarbon jet flame experiments, it has to be verified if they also apply to hydrogen jet flames. To this purpose, real-scale tests are carried out at the BAM Test Site Technical Safety (BAM-TTS) with the aim to assess the flame geometry and the emitted thermal radiation of hydrogen and methane jet flames. In particular, the focus is laid on the measurement and modelling of the thermal radiation. Existing heat radiation data from the literature are mostly based on unsteady outflow conditions. The experimental setup used here allows for the generation of a steady-state outflow and thus a direct comparability with existing (steady-state) models. From these data, an assessment of the applicability of jet flame models to hydrogen jet flames is carried out accounting for their accuracy in predicting heat radiation and possible needs of further development.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Heat Radiation Emanating from Hydrogen and Methane Jet Fires</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2283-9216</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3303/CET25116065</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">18th EFCE International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Bologna, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">08.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.06.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Christopher Bernardy</author>
    <author>Abdel Karim Habib</author>
    <author>Martin Kluge</author>
    <author>A. Orchini</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Jet Fire</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Methane</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Anlagensicherheit und Prozesssimulation</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
