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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
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    <title language="eng">Synergistic Effect of CO2 in Accelerating the Galvanic Corrosion of Lithium/Sodium Anodes in Alkali Metal−Carbon Dioxide Batteries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Rechargeable alkali metal−CO2 batteries, which combine high theoretical energy density and environmentally friendly CO2 fixation ability, have attracted worldwide attention. Unfortunately, their electrochemical performances are usually inferior for practical applications. Aiming to reveal the underlying causes, a combinatorial usage of advanced nondestructive and postmortem characterization tools is used to intensively study the failure mechanisms of Li/Na−CO2 batteries. It is found that a porous interphase layer is formed between the separator and the Li/Na anode during the overvoltage rising and battery performance decaying process. A series of control experiments are designed to identify the underlying mechanisms dictating the observed morphological evolution of Li/Na anodes, and it is found that the CO2 synergist facilitates Li/Na chemical corrosion, the process of which is further promoted by the unwanted galvanic corrosion and the electrochemical cycling conditions. A detailed compositional analysis reveals that the as-formed interphase layers under different conditions are similar in species, with the main differences being their inconsistent quantity. Theoretical calculation results not only suggest an inherent intermolecular affinity between the CO2 and the electrolyte solvent but also provide the most thermodynamically favored CO2 reaction pathways. Based on these results, important implications for the further development of rechargeable alkali metal−CO2 batteries are discussed. The current discoveries not only fundamentally enrich our knowledge of the failure mechanisms of rechargeable alkali metal−CO2 batteries but also provide mechanistic directions for protecting metal anodes to build high-reversible alkali metal−CO2 batteries.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ACS Nano</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acsnano.4c02329</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.04.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>J. Lu</author>
    <author>S. Zhang</author>
    <author>J. Yao</author>
    <author>Z. Guo</author>
    <author>M. Osenberg</author>
    <author>A. Hilger</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>F. Wilde</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>X. Zhang</author>
    <author>F. Sun</author>
    <author>G. Cui</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali metal batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium/sodium−carbon dioxide batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Battery failure mechanisms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali metal anodes</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
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    <id>59820</id>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Unveiling the Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Failure Mechanism of Sodium Metal Anodes in Sodium–Oxygen Batteries by Synchrotron X-Ray Computed Tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Rechargeable sodium–oxygen batteries (NaOBs) are receiving extensive research interests because of their advantages such as ultrahigh energy density and cost efficiency. However, the severe failure of Na metal anodes has impeded the commercial development of NaOBs. Herein, combining in situ synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) and other complementary characterizations, a novel electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanism of sodium metal anode in NaOBs is elucidated. It is visually showcased that the Na metal anodes involve a three-stage decay evolution of a porous Na reactive interphase layer (NRIL): from the initially dot-shaped voids evolved into the spindle-shaped voids and the eventually-developed ruptured cracks. The initiation of this three-stage evolution begins with chemical-resting and is exacerbated by further electrochemical cycling. From corrosion science and fracture mechanics, theoretical simulations suggest that the evolution of porous NRIL is driven by the concentrated stress at crack tips. The findings illustrate the importance of preventing electro-chemo-mechanical degradation of Na anodes in practically&#13;
rechargeable NaOBs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Functional Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adfm.202402253</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1616-301X</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">10.09.2024</enrichment>
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    <author>X. Zhang</author>
    <author>S. Zhang</author>
    <author>J. Lu</author>
    <author>F. Tang</author>
    <author>K. Dong</author>
    <author>Z. Yu</author>
    <author>A. Hilger</author>
    <author>M. Osenberg</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>F. Wilde</author>
    <author>S. Zhang</author>
    <author>J. Zhao</author>
    <author>G. Xu</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>F. Sun</author>
    <author>G. Cui</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron radiation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NaO-battery</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>59812</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">High Precision Nail‐Penetration Setup for the Controlled Thermal Runaway Initiation of Lithium‐Ion Cells at Very Low Temperatures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A high precision nail‐penetration (NP) tool for characterizing the mechanically induced thermal‐runaway (TR) of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cells in a defined range of temperatures down to −140 °C was developed. To understand the cell specific behavior at low temperatures aiming at the determination of safe handling conditions, different scenarios are analyzed. First, accuracy tests of the NP‐tool regarding motion and penetration depth are conducted with cylindrical cells at different temperatures. Thus, postmortem computer tomographic (CT) images are compared to the data measured with the newly integrated 3‐axis force sensor which is further combined with a high‐resolution position sensor. The herein developed setup allows evaluation of the NP‐metrics at an accuracy of ±1 pierced electrode layer without CT‐scans. Further NP examinations at 20 °C of fully charged cylindrical lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cells reveal a reproducible minimum damage as a reliable TR‐trigger. Moreover, NP‐tests at low temperature disclose a relation of the short circuit conductivity and TR‐reactions during subsequent rethermalization to room temperature. Finally, the implementation of a novel fixture for a controlled very fast cooling of LIB‐cells during critical damage opens the way to investigate the individual steps during a TR and, thus, to gain important information of the specific TR‐mechanism of different LIB‐cells.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energy Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/ente.202301379</identifier>
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    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598127</identifier>
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To understand the cell specific behavior at low temperatures aiming at the determination of safe handling conditions, different scenarios are analyzed. First, accuracy tests of the NP\u2010tool regarding motion and penetration depth are conducted with cylindrical cells at different temperatures. Thus, postmortem computer tomographic (CT) images are compared to the data measured with the newly integrated 3\u2010axis force sensor which is further combined with a high\u2010resolution position sensor. The herein developed setup allows evaluation of the NP\u2010metrics at an accuracy of \u00b11 pierced electrode layer without CT\u2010scans. Further NP examinations at 20\u2009\u00b0C of fully charged cylindrical lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cells\u00a0reveal a reproducible minimum damage as a reliable TR\u2010trigger. Moreover, NP\u2010tests at low temperature disclose a relation of the short circuit conductivity and TR\u2010reactions during subsequent rethermalization to room temperature. Finally, the implementation of a novel fixture for a controlled very fast cooling of LIB\u2010cells during critical damage opens the way to investigate the individual steps during a TR and, thus, to gain important information of the specific TR\u2010mechanism of different LIB\u2010cells.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.202301379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T04:19:36Z","timestamp":1711945176000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High Precision Nail\u2010Penetration Setup for the Controlled Thermal Runaway Initiation of Lithium\u2010Ion Cells at Very Low Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3492-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"B\u00f6ttcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3.1 Safety of Dangerous Goods Packaging and Batteries Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Energie\u2010 und Automatisierungstechnik Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Einsteinufer 11 10587 Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2596-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahabeddin","family":"Dayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3.1 Safety of Dangerous Goods Packaging and Batteries Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-6793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Mark\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3.1 Safety of Dangerous Goods Packaging and Batteries Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3.1 Safety of Dangerous Goods Packaging and Batteries Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Setzchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3.1 Safety of Dangerous Goods Packaging and Batteries Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3.1 Safety of Dangerous Goods Packaging and Batteries Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8802-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Energie\u2010 und Automatisierungstechnik Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Einsteinufer 11 10587 Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3370-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Krug von Nidda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3.1 Safety of Dangerous Goods Packaging and Batteries Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung (BAM)  Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2020.100285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(02)00618-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"T. 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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Alexander Bau</author>
    <author>Max Setzchen</author>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <author>Julia Kowal</author>
    <author>Jonas Krug von Nidda</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Battery Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-precision nail penetration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Abuse testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal runaway</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
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    <id>59924</id>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>89</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Exploring the electrochemical and physical stability of lithium-ion cells exposed to liquid nitrogen</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transport and storage of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries — damaged or in an undefined state — is a major safety concern for regulatory institutions, transportation companies, and manufacturers. Since (electro)chemical reactivity is exponentially temperature-dependent, cooling such batteries is an obvious measure for increasing their safety.&#13;
The present study explores the effect of cryogenic freezing on the electrochemical and physical stability of Li-ion cells. For this purpose, three different types of cells were repeatedly exposed to liquid nitrogen (LN2).&#13;
Before and after each cooling cycle, electrical and electrochemical measurements were conducted to assess the impact of the individual freezing steps. While the electrochemical behavior of the cells did not change significantly upon exposure to LN2 , it became apparent that a non-negligible number of cells suffered from physical changes (swelling) and functional failures. The latter defect was found to be caused by the current interrupt device of the cylindrical cells. This safety mechanism is triggered by the overpressure of expanding nitrogen which enters the cells at cryogenic temperatures.&#13;
This study underlines that the widely accepted reversibility of LN2 -cooling on a material scale does not allow for a direct extrapolation toward the physical integrity of full cells. Since nitrogen enters the cell at cryogenic temperatures and expands upon rethermalization, it can cause an internal overpressure. This can, in turn, lead to mechanical damage to the cell. Consequently, a more appropriate temperature condition — less extreme than direct LN2 exposure — needs to be found</abstract>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Robert Leonhardt</author>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Arielle Rieck</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <author>Julia Kowal</author>
    <author>Tim Tichter</author>
    <author>Jonas Krug von Nidda</author>
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      <value>Lithium-ion battery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LN2 cooling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Battery characterization</value>
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    <title language="eng">Visualization of stepwise electrode decomposition in a nail penetrated commercial lithium-ion cell using low-temperature synchrotron X-ray computed tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transition towards zero carbon emissions in power generation hinges on the integration of efficient electrical energy storage systems, with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) positioned as a pivotal technology. While generally safe, deviations in their operational guidelines due to manufacturing defects or misuse can lead to critical safety concerns, notably thermal runaway (TR) events. Internal short circuits (ISCs) are primary initiators of TR within LIBs. For abuse testing, ISCs are often triggered by nail penetration. This study explores the morphological changes and mechanisms underlying ISC-induced TR in LIBs using operando synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) at subzero temperatures. A novel cryogenic setup was developed to control a stepwise temperature increase in the damaged sample while monitoring electrochemical characteristics and simultaneously enabling acquisition of high-resolution SXCT images. The findings reveal that conducting nail penetration at minus 80°C prevents immediate TR, enabling detailed analysis of subsequent structural and electrochemical behavior during controlled thawing. Thus, the initiation of TR processes at localized ISC sites has been observed, evidenced by voltage fluctuations and morphological changes, such as cathode material cracking and decomposition. These results underscore the importance of temperature control in mitigating TR risks and provide critical insights into the internal dynamics of LIBs under abusive conditions. The developed cryogenic SXCT methodology offers a powerful tool for non-destructive, high-resolution investigation of battery failure mechanisms, contributing to the enhancement of LIB safety.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of power sources</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235472</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611327</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nils Böttcher</author>
    <author>Shahabeddin Dayani</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Anita Schmidt</author>
    <author>J. Kowal</author>
    <author>Y. Lu</author>
    <author>Jonas Krug von Nidda</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
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      <value>Tomography</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>X-ray imaging</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Lithium-ion battery</value>
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    <title language="eng">In situ tomographic imaging with hard x rays at Bamline (BESSY II)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The BAMline at the synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) is supporting researchers especially in materials science [1]. As a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography (SXCT) with hard X-Rays, plays an important role in structural 3D characterization. The imaging capabilities allow for in-situ and operando experiments. In this presentation the equipment, data handling pipeline as well as various examples from material science are presented.&#13;
In series-connected lithium-ion cells are susceptible to an electrical safety hazard called over-discharge. Here the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition during over-discharge is presented, which leads to irreversible loss of capacity and internal short circuits. The concentration of dissolved and deposited copper is quantified. Also, a non-uniform distribution pattern of copper deposition on the cathode is shown. &#13;
The second example deals with an Al alloy 7017 customized for a 3d-printing process by means of laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) technique. These advanced alloys have a significantly higher modulus of elasticity than conventional Al alloys, making them attractive for applications requiring high stiffness. SXCT during In-situ tensile tests confirmed that fracture initiation strongly depends on defects created during printing. However, the cracks are deflected from decohesion around inclusions/precipitates embedded in the Al matrix, increasing ductility. &#13;
Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) multilayer housings offer 3D-circuits for a wide range of applications in telecommunications, microsystems and sensor technology. Such housings are produced by combining structured and metallized ceramic layers using tape-casting and multilayer technology. The characterization of the integrity, deformation, defects, and positioning of the internal metal features was carried out using in-situ SXCT at up to 950°C.&#13;
A high-precision nail penetration tool was developed to characterize the mechanically induced thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells in a dynamic temperature range down to -190 °C. To investigate safety-specific low-temperature transport conditions, the damaged cells were tomographically imaged during thawing.</abstract>
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    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron radiation</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>X-ray tomography</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Investigation of detector backlighting and other effects in neutron darkfield images</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Neutron imaging can provide unique contrast mechanisms. In order to yield reliable and reproducible attenuation coefficients for quantification, one needs to fully understand and characterize the experimental set-up. One effect that has been largely overlooked in scintillator-camera based neutron imaging systems is the backlight scattering or back illumination in the detection system which can significantly affect the quantification of attenuation coefficients and lead to severe errors and image artifacts. Herein, backlighting is investigated by varying the illuminated detector area and the magnitude of the attenuation. The attenuation coefficient of multiple metal plates was determined by polychromatic neutrons bu the CONRAD V7 instrument. The strength of the back illumination strongly depends upon the sample absorption. While it is relatively moderate (a few percent) for weak absorbing samples, it can be severe when the sample is a strong absorber or thick.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Instrumentation Science &amp; Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">1073-9149</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/10739149.2024.2380772</identifier>
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    <author>A. Al-Falahat</author>
    <author>N. Kardjilov</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Andreas Kupsch</author>
    <author>R. Woracek</author>
    <author>S. Alrwashdeh</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
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      <value>Attenuation coefficient</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Neutron scattering</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polycromatic neutrons</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scintillator</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Elektrische Energiespeicher und -umwandlung</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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    <title language="eng">Mitigation of DMM-induced stripe patterns in synchrotron X-ray radiography through dynamic tilting</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In synchrotron X-ray radiography, achieving high image resolution and an optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is crucial for the subsequent accurate image analysis. Traditional methods often struggle to balance these two parameters, especially in situ applications where rapid data acquisition is essential to capture specific dynamic processes. For quantitative image data analysis, using monochromatic X-rays is essential. A double multilayer monochromator (DMM) is successfully used for this aim at the BAMline, BESSY II (Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany). However, such DMMs are prone to producing an unstable horizontal stripe pattern. Such an unstable pattern renders proper signal normalization difficult and thereby causes a reduction of the SNR. We introduce a novel approach to enhance SNR while preserving resolution: dynamic tilting of the DMM. By adjusting the orientation of the DMM during the acquisition of radiographic projections, we optimize the X-ray imaging quality, thereby enhancing the SNR. The corresponding shift of the projection during this movement is corrected in post-processing. The latter correction allows a good resolution to be preserved. This dynamic tilting technique enables the homogenization of the beam profile and thereby effectively reduces noise while maintaining high resolution. We demonstrate that data captured using this proposed technique can be seamlessly integrated into the existing radiographic data workflow, as it does not need hardware modifications to classical X-ray imaging beamline setups. This facilitates further image analysis and processing using established methods.</abstract>
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The latter correction allows a good resolution to be preserved. This dynamic tilting technique enables the homogenization of the beam profile and thereby effectively reduces noise while maintaining high resolution. We demonstrate that data captured using this proposed technique can be seamlessly integrated into the existing radiographic data workflow, as it does not need hardware modifications to classical X-ray imaging beamline setups. 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    <author>Mustapha Eddah</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>Björn Mieller</author>
    <author>Michael Sintschuk</author>
    <author>Jörg Beckmann</author>
    <author>Giovanni Bruno</author>
    <subject>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Double multilayer monochromators</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Synchrotron X-ray imaging</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Signal normalization</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>BAMline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dynamic tilting</value>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2007</pageFirst>
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    <issue/>
    <volume>17</volume>
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    <title language="eng">A nature-inspired solution for water management in flow fields for electrochemical devices</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A systematic, nature-inspired chemical engineering approach is employed to solve the issue of flooding in electrochemical devices. The mechanism of passive water transport utilized by lizards living in arid environments is leveraged to design flow-fields with a microchannel structure on their surface, through which capillary pressure rapidly removes the water generated in the electrochemical device. This water management strategy is implemented in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with a lunginspired flow-field, which ensures uniform distribution of reactants across the catalyst layer. Jointly, this nature-inspired approach results in flood-free, stable operation at 100% RH and a B60% increase in current (B1.9 A cm-2) and peak power density (B650 mW cm−2) compared to current PEMFCs with a flood-prone, serpentine flow-field (B0.8 A cm-2 and 280 mW cm-2, respectively). This significant advance allows for PEMFC operation at fully humidified conditions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energy &amp; Environmental Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/d3ee03666a</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596662</identifier>
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    <author>P. Trogadas</author>
    <author>J. I. S. Cho</author>
    <author>L. Rasha</author>
    <author>X. Lu</author>
    <author>N. Kardjilov</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>P. R. Shearing</author>
    <author>D. J. L. Brett</author>
    <author>M. O. Coppens</author>
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      <value>Neutron imaging</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>X-ray tomography</value>
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    <subject>
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    <volume>72</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Exploring optimal Li composite electrode anodes for lithium metal batteries through in situ X-ray computed tomography</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The uncontrolled Li dissolution/deposition dynamics and rapid Li pulverizations hinder the widespread deployment of Li metal batteries (LMB). Designing a Li composite electrode possessing a mechanically robust and lithiophilic three-dimensional (3D) framework represents a promising strategy to address these challenges. This study involves the preparation of three uniquely tailored Li-B-Mg composites using a combined metallurgical process of melting, casting, and rolling, along with the synergistic application of in situ X-ray computed tomography (CT) and post-mortem failure analysis to explore the most promising composite electrode candidate for LMBs. During the in-depth investigation, the optimal 70Li-B-Mg composite electrode stands out due to its robust skeleton fiber structure, uniform Li dissolution/deposition characteristics and high capacity of free-Li. Its promising prospects for enabling high-performance LMBs are showcased by the superior performance of the built Li||O2, Li||LiFePO4, Li||NCM622 and Li||NCM811 battery systems. This work offers a novel approach for exploring universally applicable and robust Li composite electrodes to realize high-performance LMBs using in situ CT analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energy Storage Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103746</identifier>
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    <author>F. Tang</author>
    <author>D. Li</author>
    <author>X. Liu</author>
    <author>H. Huang</author>
    <author>C. Wu</author>
    <author>A. Hilger</author>
    <author>Henning Markötter</author>
    <author>F. Wilde</author>
    <author>I. Manke</author>
    <author>F. Sun</author>
    <author>L. Chen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Li metal batteries</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Li composite electrode</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray computed tomography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Li-B-Mg</value>
    </subject>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
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