<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>44588</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>Application Note #000399</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>other</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">XPS surface analysis of bacterial samples</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This application note presents how EnviroESCA can be used to analyze bacterial samples under near ambient pressure conditions in various states of hydration using different levels of humidity. Such investigations of bacterial cell wall surfaces in their hydrated state are essential for studying biological interfaces at work.&#13;
The use of innovative near-ambient pressure (NAP-)XPS instrumentation allows the detailed analysis of irregularly-surfaced biofilms. NAP-XPS enables the surface analysis of bacterial samples in their natural hydrated state without complex sample preparation techniques such as freeze-drying or fast-freezing, which are needed for XPS analysis in ultrahigh vacuum.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.enviroai.com/uploads/1/0/2/8/102861712/xps_surface_analysis_of_bacillus_subtilis_biofilms_final.pdf</identifier>
    <author>P. Dietrich</author>
    <author>K. Beblo-Vranesevic</author>
    <author>Marit Kjærvik</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>K. Hardie</author>
    <author>J. Brown</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Near ambient pressure XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>45720</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>Application Note #000400</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>other</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin, Germany</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Near-ambient pressure XPS of  hydrated  Escherichia coli samples with EnviroESCA</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This application note presents how EnviroESCA can be used to analyze E. coli biofilms on silicon under near ambient pressure conditions in various states of hydration. Such investigations of the outer bacterial cell surface in their hydrated state are essential for studying biological interfaces at work.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">http://www.enviroai.com/uploads/1/0/2/8/102861712/nap_xps_of_escherichia_coli_samples.pdf</identifier>
    <author>Marit Kjaervik</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>P. Dietrich</author>
    <author>A. Thissen</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>E. coli</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NAP-XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54464</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>014008-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>29</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AVS</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">NAP-XPS spectra of the bacterial cell-envelope of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Pseudomonas fluorescens (Gram-negative) bacteria purchased from Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures were analyzed using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at near ambient pressure conditions (NAP-XPS), 1500 Pa water vapor atmosphere. Fresh layers of P. fluorescence bacteria were grown on Luria Broth agar plates. Bacteria were taken from the agar plate with a sterile spatula and gently spread on a Si-wafer piece for NAP-XPS analysis. The NAP-XPS spectra of the bacterial envelope of P. fluorescence were obtained using monochromatic Al Kα radiation and include a survey scan and high-resolution spectra of C 1s, N 1s, P 2p, and O 1s as well. The presentation of the C 1s high-resolution spectrum includes the results of peak fitting analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Surface Science Spectra</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1116/6.0001543</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1055-5269</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">14.03.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Marit Kjaervik</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>P.M. Dietrich</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pseudomonas fluorescens</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cell-envelope</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Water atmosphere</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Near ambient x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NAP-XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52564</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Article 666161</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>9</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Frontiers</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Comparative Study of NAP-XPS and Cryo-XPS for the Investigation of Surface Chemistry of the Bacterial Cell-Envelope</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Bacteria generally interact with the environment via processes involving their cell-envelope. Thus, techniques that may shed light on their surface chemistry are attractive tools for providing an understanding of bacterial interactions. One of these tools is Al Kα-excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with its estimated information depth of &lt;10 nm. XPS-analyses of bacteria have been performed for several decades on freeze-dried specimens in order to be compatible with the vacuum in the analysis chamber of the spectrometer. A limitation of these studies has been that the freeze-drying method may collapse cell structure as well as introduce surface contaminants. However, recent developments in XPS allow for analysis of biological samples at near ambient pressure (NAP-XPS) or as frozen hydrated specimens (cryo-XPS) in vacuum. In this work, we have analyzed bacterial samples from a reference strain of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens using both techniques. We compare the results obtained and, in general, observe good agreement between the two techniques. Furthermore, we discuss advantages and disadvantages with the two analysis approaches and the output data they provide. XPS reference data from the bacterial strain are provided, and we propose that planktonic cells of this strain (DSM 50090) are used as a reference material for surface chemical analysis of bacterial systems.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Frontiers in Chemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3389/fchem.2021.666161</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-525640</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">31.05.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Marit Kjaervik</author>
    <author>M. Ramstedt</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>P. M Dietrich</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>P. Fluorescens</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cryo XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NAP-XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DSM 5009</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52564/fchem-09-666161.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>45404</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>996</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1000</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>50</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>John Wiley &amp; Sons</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Hoboken, New Jersey, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Surface characterisation of Escherichia coli under various conditions by near-ambient pressure XPS</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Bacteria are inherently in a hydrated state and therefore not compatible to ultra-high vacuum techniques such as XPS without prior sample preparation involving freeze drying or fast freezing.&#13;
This has changed with the development of near-ambient pressure (NAP)-XPS, which makes it possible to characterise the bacterial surface with minimal sample preparation. This paper presents NAP-XPS measurements of Escherichia coli under various NAP conditions: at 11 mbar in a humid environment, at 2 mbar after drying in the chamber, pre-dried at 4 mbar, and at 1 mbar after overnight pumping at 10^−4 mbar. The high-resolution spectra of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are presented and found to be in general agreement with XPS measurements from freeze-dried and fast-frozen bacteria. However, it was found that the amount of carbon components associated with polysaccharides increases relative to aliphatic carbon during drying and increases further after overnight pumping. This implies that drying has an impact on the bacterial surface.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Surface and Interface Analysis</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/sia.6480</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0142-2421</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-454047</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1096-9918</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European conference on applications of surface and interface analysis (ECASIA'17)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Montpellier, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">29.09.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.11.2018</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Marit Kjaervik</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>P. Dietrich</author>
    <author>A. Thissen</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>E. coli</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NAP-XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/45404/Kj-rvik_et_al-2018-Surface_and_Interface_Analysis.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
