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  <doc>
    <id>61498</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>36</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Melville, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Assessment of keyhole stability in laser beam welding with external magnetic field using numerical simulation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The challenge of understanding the physical mechanisms behind porosity reduction by a magnetic field during laser beam welding (LBW) is partly due to the difficulty in quantitatively evaluating keyhole stability. The commonly used index, such as keyhole depth, is typically one-dimensional, which is insufficient to capture the dynamic and three-dimensional fluctuations of the keyhole. In this paper, by utilizing a 3D multiphysical model of LBW with magnetic field, a novel keyhole geometry reconstruction algorithm has been developed to describe the keyhole profile and its fluctuation in a statistical manner to evaluate keyhole stability quantitatively. An equivalent diameter is proposed in this algorithm to reduce the irregularity of the keyhole geometry. The calculation results indicate that the time-averaged keyhole shape over 300 ms in the LBWof steel is conical, regardless of the application of an external magnetic field, which provides a more representative shape. Meanwhile, it is observed from the statistical aspect that the keyhole diameter becomes smaller, except the top part, under the influence of the magnetic field. The standard deviation of the equivalent diameter can be used as a physical variable to assess the keyhole stability quantitatively. The application of an external magnetic field can produce a noticeable reduction of the standard deviation of the equivalent diameter, namely, stabilizing the keyhole during LBW of steel. However, the different contribution from the keyhole stability affected by a magnetic field in suppressing porosity is different with materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Laser Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2351/7.0001528</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614984</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress of Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Los Angeles, CA, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/61600</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep penetration laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole shape</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61498/2024_Fan_ICALEO_Paper.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61607</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>36</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Parametric study of the laser energy absorption in high-power laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser energy absorption on the keyhole wall is decisive for the thermodynamic behavior and the resultant weld properties in the high-power laser beam welding process. However, its highly transient nature on a microsecond scale makes the quantitative analysis challenging. In this paper, the influence of the relevant welding parameters on laser energy absorption is studied statistically by utilizing multiphysical modeling, in which the three-dimensional transient keyhole dynamics and thermo-fluid flow are calculated. A dynamic mesh adaption technique and a localized level-set-based ray-tracing method are employed to improve the model accuracy further. The results show that the focus position has a remarkable effect on the time-averaged laser absorption, and in contrast, the laser energy distribution regime is only slightly influenced by the welding speed in the studied parameter range (1.5–3.0 m/min). The absorption ratio of the laser energy on the keyhole front wall decreases with increasing welding speed and increases with upward-moving focus positions. The comparison between the calculated results and the experimental measurements ensures the validity of the proposed model.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Laser Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2351/7.0001537</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1042-346X</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616070</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">13.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress of Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Los Angeles, CA, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.11.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser energy absorption</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld pool</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Parametric study</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multiphysics modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61607/Meng-2024-Parametric study of the laser energy.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61614</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>585</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>589</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Numerical study on the temperature characteristic of material absorptivity and its significance in high-power laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The absorptivity of metallic materials plays an important role in high-power laser beam welding. It affects the amount of absorbed laser power leading to the heating and melting of the surfaces to be joined and is highly dependent on the temperature. Nonetheless, this key characteristic is often ignored in numerical simulations and an empirical parameter determined by trial-and-error approaches is rather implemented to calibrate the results. In the present work, the temperature dependence of laser absorption is included in a three-dimensional multiphase numerical model considering the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer. The calculated laser absorption is determined by the temperature-dependent material properties, laser characteristics, and incident angle of the laser beam. It is found that the temperature dependence of the laser absorption is crucial for accurately determining the keyhole and weld pool geometries, which is validated by experimental measurements using 304 austenitic steel.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.179</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616146</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">13th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2024]</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Fürth, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature dependent absorption</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld pool</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61614/Putra et al. - 2024 - Numerical study on the temperature characteristic .pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61605</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>565</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>569</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical studies of magnetohydrodynamic technology in suppressing process porosity during laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) technology is employed to mitigate the porosity problem during partial penetration laser beam welding (LBW) of 10 mm thick aluminum alloy. The effectiveness and universal applicability of the MHD technology in reducing porosity during the LBW process are confirmed by a reduction in the porosity ratio of more than 89%. A transient 3D multi-physical model coupled with the MHD effect has been developed to investigate the suppression mechanism of process porosity. Due to the influence of Lorentz force, there is an obvious change in the weld pool length. This change widens the escaping channel of bubbles escaping from the weld pool. The application of an oscillating magnetic field changes the fluid flow pattern noticeably, whose influence on the formation of porosity defects is highly complicated and nonlinear.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia 13th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2024]</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.175</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616053</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Fürth, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2024]</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminum alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Porosity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity suppression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetohydrodynamic technology</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61605/Paper_LANE_2024.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63722</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>252</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Multi-refining effects of an AC electromagnetic field on the microstructure in AA5754 laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Fine-grain structure is beneficial to the mechanical properties of the joint. Different kinds of grain and sub-grain structures refined by magnetic field during laser beam welding of AA5754 aluminum alloy are analyzed in this manuscript, and the influences of different magnetic field parameters (magnetic flux density and frequency) in these refining effects are also studied. Using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the sub-grain structure near the fusion line was obtained, and it was found that the branching promotion and branches refinement can be achieved by the magnetic field. The branches become finer with the magnetic flux density or frequency increases, and this effect is stronger in the dendritic region than in the equiaxed region. The results of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the equiaxed region show that a high-frequency magnetic field can greatly reduce the average grain size, while a low-frequency one has little effect. A phenomenological nucleation model based on dendrite fragmentation theory was established, and it was introduced into the phase field model to analyze the equiaxed grains evolution process. In addition, another refinement mechanism was also observed. The periodic solidification pattern caused by the unstable solidification in the molten pool can refine the grains, and the magnetic field promotes this kind of grain refinement by promoting the solidification period.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0017-9310</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127509</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Chunliang Yang</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminum alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystal branch development</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Periodic solidification pattern</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
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    <title language="eng">The influence of the free surface reconstruction on the spatial laser energy distribution in high power laser beam welding modeling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">An accurate and efficient description of the spatial distribution of laser energy is a crucial factor for the modeling of laser material processing, e.g., laser welding, laser cutting, or laser-based additive manufacturing. In this study, a 3D heat transfer and fluid flow model coupled with the volume-of-fluid algorithm for free surface tracking is developed for the simulation of molten pool dynamics in high-power laser beam welding. The underlying laser-material interactions, i.e., the multiple reflections and Fresnel absorption, are considered by a ray-tracing method. Two strategies of free surface reconstruction used in the ray-tracing method are investigated: a typical piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC)-based method and a novel localized Level-Set method. The PLIC-based method is discrete, resulting in non-continuous free surface reconstruction. In the localized Level-Set method, a continuous free surface is reconstructed, and thus the exact reflection points can be determined. The calculated spatial laser energy distribution and the corresponding molten pool dynamics from the two methods are analyzed and compared. The obtained numerical results are evaluated with experimental measurements to assure the validity of the proposed model. It is found that distinct patterns of the beam multiple reflections are obtained with the different free surface reconstructions, which shows significant influence not only on the molten pool behaviors but also on the localized keyhole dynamics.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the ICALEO 2022, 41st International Congress on Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress of Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics 2022</enrichment>
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    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Antoni Artinov</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>laser energy distribution</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld pool dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ray-tracing</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
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    <title language="eng">Experimental and numerical study on grain refinement in electromagnetic assisted laser beam welding of 5754 al alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Through experimental observation and auxiliary numerical simulation, this investigation studies the different types of grain refinement of 5754 aluminum alloy laser beam welding by applying a transverse oscillating magnetic field. Scanning electron microscope results have proved that the application of a magnetic field can reduce the average crystal branch width and increase its number. The interaction between the induced eddy current generated by the Seebeck effect and the applied external magnetic field produces a Lorentz force, which is important for the increase in the number of crystal branches. Based on the theory of dendrite fragmentation and the magnetic field-induced branches increment, the grain size reduction caused by the magnetic field is studied. Furthermore, the effects of the magnetic field are ana lyzed by combining a phase field method model and simulations of nucleation and grain growth. The grain distribution and average grain size after welding verify the reliability of the model. In addition, the introduction of a magnetic field can increase the number of periodic three-dimensional solidification patterns. In the intersection of two periods of solidification patterns, the metal can be re-melted and then re-solidified, which prevents the grains, that have been solidified and formed previously, from further growth and generates some small cel lular grains in the new fusion line. The magnetic field increases the building frequency of these solidification structures and thus promotes this kind of grain refinement.</abstract>
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    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chicago, IL, USA</enrichment>
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    <author>Chunliang Yang</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystal branch development</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Periodic solidification pattern</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62836</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>885</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>896</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>141</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A statistical assessment of the laser energy absorption and keyhole stability in high-power laser welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The behavior of the molten pool and final weld qualities in high-power laser welding are significantly influenced by laser absorption and keyhole stability. However, the dynamic features involved make the in-depth analyses challenging. This study addresses the challenges by conducting a thorough statistical evaluation of the effects of key welding parameters on laser absorption and keyhole fluctuations, using experimental investigations and a robustly validated multi-physics model. From a statistical aspect, the laser energy distribution and the keyhole collapse, commonly considered to be highly time-varying, show certain regularities, for example, three distinct regions of the temporally averaged energy distribution and a universal normal distribution of the keyhole collapse positions. Further discussion is performed to clarify the greater potential of the statistical data in revealing some well-known, industry-related but unclearly explained findings, such as the saturation of the weld penetration with increasing heat input and the physical basis of the contributions of different welding parameters in the porosity reduction.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Manufacturing Processes</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.053</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2212-4616</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-628367</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.04.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser absorption</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity defect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-physics modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/62836/1-s2.0-S1526612525003056-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60779</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>57</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>68</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>394</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einfluss der temperaturabhängigen Modellierung der Laserstrahlabsorption auf die Schmelzbadgeometrie beim Hochleistungslaserstrahlschweißen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Absorptionsgrad metallischer Werkstoffe spielt bei Fügeprozessen mit einer Strahlungsquelle wie dem Hochleistungslaserstrahltiefschweißen eine bedeutende Rolle. Dieser beeinflusst die Menge der absorbierten Laserenergie, welche zum Aufschmelzen sowie zur lokalen Verdampfung des zu verbindenden Materials führt. Die Laserstrahlabsorption wird von vielen physikalischen Faktoren, z.B. Laserprofil, Laserwellenlänge, Materialeigenschaft sowie Temperatur, entschieden. Dennoch wird die Temperaturabhängigkeit in vielen Simulationsarbeiten häufig ignoriert und stattdessen ein empirisch angepasster Parameter zur Kalibrierung der Ergebnisse implementiert. Diese Vorgehensweise wirkt sich negativ auf die Zuverlässigkeit des numerischen Modells sowie auf die Vorhersagbarkeit der Simulationsergebnisse aus. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Laserabsorptionsgrades in ein selbstkonsistentes zweiphasiges Modell unter Berücksichtigung der gekoppelten 3D-Fluidströmung und Wärmeübertragung einbezogen. Die berechnete Laserstrahlabsorption wird durch die temperaturabhängigen Materialeigenschaften, die Lasercharakteristik und den Einfallswinkel des Laserstrahls bestimmt. Die freie Oberfläche jeder Phase wird mithilfe der Volume-of-Fluid Methode (VOF), berechnet und die Laser-Material-Wechselwirkung wird durch ein implementiertes Ray-Tracing-Verfahren modelliert, welches auf einem lokalisierten Level-Set-Algorithmus basiert. Anschließend wird die transiente Wärmeeinbringung und die Geometrie der Schweißnaht analysiert und mit dem temperaturunabhängigen Absorptionsmodell verglichen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Laserabsorption entscheidend für die genaue Bestimmung der Wärmeeinbringung und der Schmelzbadgeometrie ist. Das entwickelte Modell wurde anhand der experimentellen Untersuchungen validiert und die Bedeutung der Temperaturabhängigkeit bei der Laserstrahlabsorption wurde für die Simulation des Laserstrahltiefschweißens quantifiziert.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">44. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-267-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.dvs-media.eu/de/neuerscheinungen/4671/44.-assistentenseminar-fuegetechnik</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">44. Assistentenseminar Füge- und Schweißtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Päwesin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ray tracing method</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld pool dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59692</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>324</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A fundamental study of physical mechanisms of wineglass-shaped fusion zone profile in laser melting</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The fusion zone geometry in laser melting processes e.g., laser welding and laser-based additive manufacturing, of metallic materials has commonly a wineglass-shaped profile which is critical to the grain orientation and stress distribution. Hereby, we adopt for the first time a decoupling work through a combination of multi-physics modelling and experiments to reveal the fundamental mechanisms of this special morphology. Two physicsbased easy-to-use metal vapour models are proposed to consider the vapour’s momentum and thermal effects separately. It is found that the direct laser energy absorption and Marangoni shear stress which are widely hypothesised to dominate the wineglass-shape formation show only a minor influence. The additional heating from the metallic vapour plume rather than its momentum impact contributes predominantly to the enlarging of the molten pool top region, resulting directly in the formation of the wineglass-shaped fusion zone. The generality of the plume heating effect is also validated in two types of materials (steel and Al) in a wide range of parameters.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Processing Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118265</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0924-0136</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Antoni Artinov</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser melting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fusion zone profile</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wineglass shape</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-physical modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metallic vapour plume</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel and Al</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
