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  <doc>
    <id>60393</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>146</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flexible anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors for novel magnetic flux leakage testing capabilities</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Rigid magnetic field sensors such as anisot Hall sensors have been used for years and have become industry standard for electromagnetic non-destructive testing (NDT). Recent technological developments in the field of flexible electronics allow for the fabrication of reshapeable magnetic field sensors on flexible substrates via thin-film deposition or printing. The magnetic properties of these sensors have comparable characteristics to industry-standard rigid magnetic field sensors, with the added ability of adapting to the surface of complex components and scanning in contact with the sample surface. This improves defect detectability and magnetic signal strength by minimizing the scanning lift-off (LO) distance. In this article flexible AMR sensors mounted on a rotative mechanical holder were used to scan a semi-circular ferromagnetic sample with 3 reference defects via magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, thus demonstrating the applicability of this type of sensors for the scanning of curved samples. In order to benchmark the performance of these sensors in comparison to industry standard rigid magnetic field sensors, a ferromagnetic sample with 10 reference defects of different depths was scanned employing flexible AMR and rigid GMR sensors. Defects with depths ranging from 110 μm up to 2240 μm were detected with an signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of 2.7 up to 27.9 (for flexible AMR sensors) and 6.2 up to 72.3 (for rigid GMR sensors), respectively. A 2D magnetometer mapping of the sample with a spatial scanning step of 10 × 50 μm2 (flexible AMR) and 16 × 100 μm2 (rigid GMR) was obtained. The results show that this type of sensor can be used for high-resolution and high-detail mapping of defects on the surface of planar and non-planar ferromagnetic samples since the scanning lift-off distance is equal to the substrate thickness of 20 μm for in-contact scanning. The SNR comparison between flexible and rigid sensors shows that the performance of the flexible AMR sensors employed is not very far behind the performance of the rigid GMR sensors used.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NDT &amp; E international</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103160</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603931</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0963-8695</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">28.01.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Alberto Nicolicea</author>
    <author>E. S. Oliveros-Mata</author>
    <author>Y. Zabila</author>
    <author>D. Makarov</author>
    <author>Michael Melzer</author>
    <author>Matthias Pelkner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flexible magnetic field sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic flux leakage</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thin film sensor fabrication</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defect detection</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Sensorik</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60393/FINAL PUBLISHED VERSION.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63432</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>15</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>253, Part A</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flexible anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors for novel eddy current testing applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The standard method for eddy current testing (ET) of conductive materials relies on using rigid coils. In recent years magnetoresistive (MR) sensors in combination with an excitation wire have become a promising candidate for this application since it would increase the spatial resolution. New developments in flexible electronics have enabled the production of flexible sensors with the novel capability of scanning samples in conformal contact with the surface. In this article flexible anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors were used in combination with a thin induction wire to perform eddy current testing of a curved aluminum sample with several defects imprinted on its surface. To benchmark the performance of this new method, a flat sample with reference defects of various dimensions was also scanned using flexible AMR sensors, inductive coils and rigid giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors. The results show that this new method of using flexible magnetic field sensors coupled with an excitation wire can easily be applied to the scanning of curved samples, while in the benchmark test employing the flat sample, the performance is not far behind more conventional techniques, with defects with depths down to 30 μm and widths down to 400 μm being detectable with an SNR of 3 (signal magnitude) and 8 (signal phase shift) at the excitation frequency of 50 kHz, and defects with depths down to 30 μm and widths down to 600 μm being detectable with an SNR of 10 (signal magnitude) and 17 (signal phase shift) at 260 kHz.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117340</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-412X</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634325</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.06.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Alberto Nicolicea</author>
    <author>E. S. Oliveros-Mata</author>
    <author>D. Makarov</author>
    <author>Michael Melzer</author>
    <author>Matthias Pelkner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic field sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flexible magnetic field sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flexible electronics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eddy current testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thin film sensor fabrication</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Defect detection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetism</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Sensorik</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63432/1-s2.0-S0263224125006992-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65045</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flexible AMR sensors for novel non-destructive testing capabilities</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Reshapeable magnetic field sensors fabricated on flexible substrates by thin-film deposi-tion or printing have recently emerged with promising applications in different field. In this study, flexible anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors were used for the scanning of a curved and flat sample with reference defects, to prove the capability of this method for curved surface scanning, and to benchmark the performance when compared to a more standard method using rigid giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors. Defects with depths ranging from 110 μm up to 2240 μm were detected with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 2.7 up to 27.9 employing flexible AMR sensors.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">17th XMR-Symposium</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">XMR-Symposium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Wetzlar, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.03.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Alberto Nicolicea</author>
    <author>Matthias Pelkner</author>
    <author>Michael Melzer</author>
    <author>E. S. Oliveros-Mata</author>
    <author>Y. Zabila</author>
    <author>D. Makarov</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flexible sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetoresistance</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Sensorik</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
