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  <doc>
    <id>54471</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>17</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>22</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of an Accurate and Robust Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurement Technique</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic time-of-flight (ToF) measurements enable the non-destructive characterization of material parameters as well as the reconstruction of scatterers inside a specimen. The time-consuming and potentially damaging procedure of applying a liquid couplant between specimen and transducer can be avoided by using air-coupled ultrasound. However, to obtain accurate ToF results, the waveform and travel time of the acoustic signal through the air, which are influenced by the ambient conditions, need to be considered. The placement of microphones as signal receivers is restricted to locations where they do not affect the sound field. This study presents a novel method for in-air ranging and ToF determination that is non-invasive and robust to changing ambient conditions or waveform variations. The in-air travel time was determined by utilizing the azimuthal directivity of a laser Doppler vibrometer operated in refracto-vibrometry (RV) mode. The time of entry of the acoustic signal was determined using the autocorrelation of the RV signal. The same signal was further used as a reference for determining the ToF through the specimen in transmission mode via cross-correlation. The derived signal processing procedure was verified in experiments on a polyamide specimen. Here, a ranging accuracy of &lt;0.1 mm and a transmission ToF accuracy of 0.3μs were achieved. Thus, the proposed method enables fast and accurate non-invasive ToF measurements that do not require knowledge about transducer characteristics or ambient conditions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/s22062135</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-544711</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.04.2022</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Küttenbaum</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Doppler vibrometer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Refracto-vibrometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acousto-optic effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time-of-flight measurements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-air ranging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54471/Buehling_2022_Development_of_an_Accurate_and_Robust.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57231</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>researchdata</type>
    <publisherName>Harvard College</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cambridge, MA, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Low-frequency ultrasound data (pulse-echo technique) with shear horizontal and longitudinal waves on the step-shaped concrete specimen “Pk050”</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This dataset contains raw data acquired in ultrasound measurements on a reference specimen made of concrete at Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin (Germany). The internal specimen identifier is “Pk050”. The measurements were conducted using the pulse-echo method. The upper surface of the specimen was defined as measuring area. The aim of the measurements is to determine the geometrical dimensions (thickness) of the specimen “Pk050”. In addition to this, a dataset of a second specimen with identifier “Pk266” has been acquired. Pk266 has the same geometrical dimensions and concrete recipe as Pk050, but contains tendons [Reference: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NUU0WZ].</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.7910/DVN/9EID5D</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ScientificResourceTypeGeneral">Datensatz</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedStart">2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificGeolocation">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC0 1.0 - Universell - Public Domain Dedication</licence>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Stefan Küttenbaum</author>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pulse echo method</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Validation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elastic wave</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Forschungsdatensätze der BAM</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57232</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>researchdata</type>
    <publisherName>Harvard College</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cambridge, MA, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Low-frequency ultrasound data (pulse-echo technique) with shear horizontal and longitudinal waves on the step-shaped concrete specimen “Pk266” with tendons</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This dataset contains raw data acquired in ultrasound measurements on a reference specimen made of concrete at Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin (Germany). The internal specimen identifier is “Pk266”. The measurements were conducted using the pulse-echo method. The upper surface of the specimen was defined as measuring area. The aim of the measurements is to determine both the geometrical dimensions (thickness) and the position of tendons to the measuring area. In addition to this, a second dataset of a second specimen with identifier is existing named “Pk050” has been acquired. Pk050 has the same geometrical dimensions and concrete recipe as Pk266 recipe but does not contain tendons [Reference: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/9EID5D].</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Harvard Dataverse Repository</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.7910/DVN/NUU0WZ</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ScientificResourceTypeGeneral">Datensatz</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedStart">2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificGeolocation">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC0 1.0 - Universell - Public Domain Dedication</licence>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Stefan Küttenbaum</author>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pulse echo method</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Validation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elastic wave</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Forschungsdatensätze der BAM</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54732</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>42</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Inc.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Low frequency ultrasonic dataset for pulse echo object detection in an isotropic homogeneous medium as reference for heterogeneous materials in civil engineering</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The dataset presented contains ultrasonic data recorded in pulse echo mode. The investigated specimen is made of the isotropic homogeneous material polyamide and has a drill hole of constant diameter running parallel to the surface, which was scanned in a point grid using an automatic scanner system. At each measuring position, a pitch-catch measurement was performed using a sampling rate of 2 MHz. The probes used are arrays consisting of a spatially separated receiving and in-phase transmitting unit. The transmitting and receiving sides each consist of 12 point-shaped single probes. These dry-point contact (DPC) probes operate according to the piezoelectric principle at nominal frequencies of 55 kHz (shear waves) and 100 kHz (longitudinal waves), respectively, and do not require a coupling medium. The measurements are performed with longitudinal (100 kHz) and transverse (55 kHz) waves with different geometric orientations of the probe on the measurement surface. The data presented in the article provide a valid source for evaluating reconstruction algorithms for imaging in the low-frequency ultrasound range.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Data in Brief</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.dib.2022.108235</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547326</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">16.05.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54959</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Stefan Küttenbaum</author>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pulse-echo method</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reference material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reconstruction algorithm</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Validation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54732/1-s2.0-S2352340922004371-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57518</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>48</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Inc.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Low frequency ultrasonic pulse-echo datasets for object detection and thickness measurement in concrete specimens as testing tasks in civil engineering</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The dataset contains raw data gathered with the ultrasonic pulse-echo method on concrete specimens. The surfaces of the measuring objects were automatically scanned point by point. Pulse-echo measurements were performed at each of these measuring points. The test specimens represent two typical testing tasks in construction industry: the detection of objects and the determination of dimensions to describe the geometry of components. By automating the measurement process, the different test scenarios are examined with a high repeatability, precision and measuring point density. Longitu- dinal and transversal waves were used and the geometrical aperture of the testing system was varied. The low-frequency probes operate in a range of up to approximately 150 kHz. In addition to the specification of the geometrical dimensions of the individual probes, the directivity pattern and the sound field characteristics are provided. The raw data are stored in a universally readable format. The length of each time signal (A-scan) is two milliseconds and the sampling rate is two mega-samples per second. The provided data can be used for comparative studies in signal analysis, imag- ing and interpretation as well as for evaluation pur- poses in different, practically relevant testing scenarios.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Data in Brief</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.dib.2023.109233</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575185</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2352-3409</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.07.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Stefan Küttenbaum</author>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Kerstin Borchardt-Giers</author>
    <author>Norman Aßmann</author>
    <author>Ernst Niederleithinger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Validation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Puls-echo method</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SAFT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reconstruction algorithm</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57518/1-s2.0-S2352340923003529-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53785</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>119</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam, Netherlands</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Enhancing the spectral signatures of ultrasonic fluidic transducer pulses for improved time-of-flight measurements</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Air-coupled ultrasonic (ACU) testing has proven to be a valuable method for increasing the speed in non-destructive ultrasonic testing and the investigation of sensitive specimens. A major obstacle to implementing ACU methods is the significant signal power loss at the air–specimen and transducer–air interfaces. The loss between transducer and air can be eliminated by using recently developed fluidic transducers. These transducers use pressurized air and a natural flow instability to generate high sound power signals. Due to this self-excited flow instability, the individual pulses are dissimilar in length, amplitude, and phase. These amplitude and angle modulated pulses offer the great opportunity to further increase the signal-to-noise ratio with pulse compression methods.&#13;
&#13;
In practice, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) setups reduce the time required to scan the specimen surface, but demand high pulse discriminability. By applying envelope removal techniques to the individual pulses, the pulse discriminability is increased allowing only the remaining phase information to be targeted for analysis. Finally, semi-synthetic experiments are presented to verify the applicability of the envelope removal method and highlight the suitability of the fluidic transducer for MIMO setups.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Ultrasonics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0041-624X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106612</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537853</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.11.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>T. Schweitzer</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Signal processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pulse compression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MIMO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hilbert transform</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/53785/Buehling_2022_Enhancing_the_spectral_signatures_of_ultrasonic_fluidic_transducer_pulses.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53130</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>38</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Acoustic and flow data of fluidic and piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This data article presents characteristic acoustic and flow data of a fluidic ultrasonic transducer as well as acoustic data of a commercial piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer used in non-destructive testing for civil engineering. The flow data has been acquired using hot-wire anemometry and a Pitot tube. The three-dimensional acoustic data of both devices has been acquired using a calibrated microphone. The distribution of characteristic acoustic properties of both transducers are extracted and given in addition to the raw data. The data presented in the article will be a valuable source for reference and validation, both for developing fluidic and alternate ultrasound generation technologies. Furthermore, they will give additional insight into the acoustic-flow interaction phenomena of high speed switching devices. This article is accompanying the paper Experimental Analysis of the Acoustic Field of an Ultrasonic Pulse Induced by a Fluidic Switch (Bühling et al., 2021) published in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, where the data is interpreted in detail and the rationale for characteristic sound properties of the fluidic transducer are given.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Data in brief</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.dib.2021.107280</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531308</identifier>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/52392</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.09.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Thorge Schweitzer</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acoustic-flow interaction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Piezoelectric transducer</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/53130/Buehling_et_al_2021_Acoustic_and_flow_data_of_fluidic_and_piezoelectric_ultrasonic_transducers.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55527</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>2022/09</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bad Breisig</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">OsciCheck - A Novel Fluidic Transducer for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Measurements</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic measurement technology has become indispensable in NDT-CE. Air-coupled ultrasonic (ACU) measurement techniques promise to reduce measurement time. However, the signal quality suffers from large specific impedance mismatch at the transducer-air and air-specimen interface. Additionally, large pressure amplitudes are necessary for the penetration depth required in NDT-CE applications. To address the specific requirements of ultrasonic testing in NDT-CE, a robust ACU transducer was developed, that generates ultrasound by quickly switching a pressurized air flow. The simple design of the fluidic transducer makes the device maintenance free and resilient against harsh environmental conditions. Since the signal is generated by aeroacoustics, there is no specific impedance mismatch between the transducer and the surrounding air. The ultrasonic signal exhibits frequencies in the 30-60 kHz range and is therefore well suited to penetrate heterogenous materials such as concrete. This contribution gives an introduction in the working principle and signal characteristics of the fluidic transducer. Its applicability to measurements in concrete is verified. A detailed outlook is given to discuss the future potential of fluidic ultrasonic actuators.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDTCE 2022)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?id=27319</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555271</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zurich, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/55529</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nondestructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bistable amplifier</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aeroacoustics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55527/68678_manuscript.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52386</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2150</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2158</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>149</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental analysis of the acoustic field of an ultrasonic pulse induced by a fluidic switch</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic inspection is a common tool for non-destructive testing in civil engineering (NDT-CE). Currently, transducers are coupled directly to the specimen surface, which makes the inspection time-consuming. Air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) transducers are more time-efficient but need a high pressure amplitude as the impedance mismatch between the air and the concrete is high and large penetration depth is needed for the inspection. Current approaches aim at eliminating the impedance mismatch between the transducer and the air to gain amplitude; however, they hardly fulfill the NDT-CE requirements. In this study, an alternative approach for ultrasound generation is presented: the signal is generated by a fluidic switch that rapidly injects a mass flow into the ambience. The acoustic field, the flow field, and their interaction are investigated. It is shown that the signal has dominant frequencies in the range of 35–60 kHz, and the amplitude is comparable to that of a commercial ACU transducer.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1121/10.0003937</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-523862</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.05.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>T. Schweitzer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasonic transducer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acoustic-flow interaction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52386/Buehling_et_al_ 2021_Experimental_analysis_of_the_acoustic_field.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59427</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Fluidic Ultrasound Generation for Non‐Destructive Testing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractAir‐coupled ultrasonic testing (ACU) is a pioneering technique in non‐destructive testing (NDT). While contact testing and fluid immersion testing are standard methods in many applications, the adoption of ACU is progressing slowly, especially in the low ultrasonic frequency range. A main reason for this development is the difficulty of generating high amplitude ultrasonic bursts with equipment that is robust enough to be applied outside a laboratory environment. This paper presents the fluidic ultrasonic transducer as a solution to this challenge. This novel aeroacoustic source uses the flow instability of a sonic jet in a bistable fluidic switch to generate ultrasonic bursts up to 60 kHz with a mean peak pressure of 320 Pa. The robust design allows operation in adverse environments, independent of the operating fluid. Non‐contact through‐transmission experiments are conducted on four materials and compared with the results of conventional transducers. For the first time, it is shown that the novel fluidic ultrasonic transducer provides a suitable acoustic signal for NDT tasks and has potential of furthering the implementation of ACU in industrial applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adma.202311724</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594273</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0935-9648</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.01.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aeroacoustics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Harsh environment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser Doppler vibrometer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59427/Buehling_Fluidic Ultrasound Generation for Non Destructive Testing.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54205</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>189</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Using sonic crystals to separate the acoustic from the flow field of a fluidic transducer</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic testing is a widely applied measurement method in materials research and medicine. Commonly, a transducer is coupled to the specimen directly or via a liquid coupling agent. While reducing acoustic transmission losses significantly, this procedure is time-consuming and cannot be used for sensitive specimens. Air-coupled ultrasound is a viable alternative in such cases, although suffering from very high acoustic transmission losses between transducer, air and specimen. The recently introduced fluidic transducer (FT) generates ultrasound by utilizing the instability of a supersonic air jet switched inside a fluidic amplifier. Since only air is used as the working medium and no vibrating surfaces are used for ultrasound generation, the transducer is able to efficiently generate large acoustic pressure amplitudes. The resulting acoustic field shares its directivity with the ejected high-velocity air jet. Thus, the acoustic energy needs to be redirected from the jet axis in order to make the fluidic transducer applicable to sensitive specimens. In this study, the effectivity of using sonic crystals (SCs) for this redirection is investigated using acoustic and flow measurements. SCs are air-permeable while being reflective to large acoustic frequency bands. It was shown that both a defect waveguide and a mirroring strategy successfully redirected the acoustic field from the air jet. Furthermore, the interaction of flow and SC showed strong acoustic quenching if the SC was placed too close to the FT outlet. Blockage of the jet entrainment due to the SC may result in slightly higher off-axis flow velocities locally, which should be considered in sensitive applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied acoustics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0003-682X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108608</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.05.2022</enrichment>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sonic crystal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metamaterial</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bandgap quenching</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55529</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">OsciCheck - A novel fluidic transducer for air coupled ultrasonic measurements</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasonic measurement technology has become indispensable in NDT-CE. Air-coupled ultrasonic (ACU) measurement techniques promise to reduce measurement time. However, the signal quality suffers from large specific impedance mismatch at the transducer-air and air-specimen interface. Additionally, large pressure amplitudes are necessary for the penetration depth required in NDT-CE applications.&#13;
To address the specific requirements of ultrasonic testing in NDT-CE, a robust ACU transducer was developed, that generates ultrasound by quickly switching a pressurized air flow. The simple design of the fluidic transducer makes the device maintenance free and resilient against harsh environmental conditions. Since the signal is generated by aeroacoustics, there is no specific impedance mismatch between the transducer and the surrounding air. The ultrasonic signal exhibits frequencies in the 30-60 kHz range and is therefore well suited to penetrate heterogenous materials such as concrete. This contribution gives an introduction in the working principle and signal characteristics of the fluidic transducer. A detailed outlook is given to discuss the future potential of fluidic ultrasonic actuators.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zurich, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nondestructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bistable amplifier</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aeroacoustics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>56073</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Frequency modulated, air-coupled ultrasound generated by fluidic oscillators</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The majority of ultrasonic devices used for non-destructive testing in civil engineering require contact with the surface of the concrete (specimen), which significantly increases the time required for the measurement. This makes it impractical for extensive investigation of large-scale structures such as bridge decks, foundations, or tunnels.&#13;
In a pioneering approach, fluidic oscillators are used as contact free ultrasonic sources to overcome the aforementioned limitations. These robust and cost-effective actuators require only pressurised air and are ideally suited for harsh environments. At a constant supply pressure, they generate a continuous mono-frequent actuation signal. Further, varying the supply pressure via a fast pressure regulator was found to generate a frequency modulated signal which enabled time-of-flight measurement with an added advantage of increased signal to noise ratio. To demonstrate the feasibility of this novel idea of non-contact ultrasound, the results of the initial tests are presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958740</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IEEE International Ultrasound Symposium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Venice, Italy</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.10.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">13.02.2023</enrichment>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>M. Hauke</author>
    <author>T. Schweitzer</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air-coupled ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Frequency modulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Civil engineering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Building materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidic oscillators</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53493</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>48</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>51</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin, Germany</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DEGA)</creatingCorporation>
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    <title language="eng">Influence of operating conditions on the fluidic ultrasonic transducer signal</title>
    <abstract language="eng">While contact and immersion ultrasonic testing are established methods in non-destructive testing (NDT), generating high power air-coupled ultrasound remains a challenging task. Solutions often involve setups that are restricted to lab environments. When field measurements are required, such as in NDT for civil engineering, a handy, robust and safe transducer is needed. For this purpose, an ultrasonic transducer based on a fluidic switch has been developed. A sonic air flow inside the device is switched rapidly so that an ultrasonic signal is generated. Both theory and previous flow simulations suggest that the control flow pressure ramp has only little influence on the switching time of the device. This publication gives an overview over the operating principle of the fluidic ultrasonic transducer and investigates the influence of control tube length and pulsing repetition rate on the ultrasonic pressure amplitude. High repetition rates are found to reduce the signal amplitude, whereas long tubing has only little negative influence on the amplitude while improving signal quality.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2021</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-939296-18-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2021</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">47. Jahrestagung für Akustik (DAGA 2021)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Vienna, Austria</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.08.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>T. Schweitzer</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidic devices</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59428</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>544</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>554</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>155</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Melville, NY, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Improving onset picking in ultrasonic testing by using a spectral entropy criterion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In ultrasonic testing, material and structural properties of a specimen can be derived from the time-of-flight (ToF). Using signal features, such as the first peak or envelope maximum, to calculate the ToF is error-prone in multipath arrangements or dispersive and attenuating materials, which is not the case for the signal onset. Borrowing from seismology, researchers used the Akaike information criterion (AIC) picker to automatically determine onset times. The most commonly used formulation, Maeda's AIC picker, is reassessed and found to be based on inappropriate assumptions for signals often used in ultrasonic testing and dependent on arbitrary parameters. Consequently, an onset picker for ultrasonic through-transmission measurements is proposed, based on a spectral entropy criterion (SEC) to model the signal using the AIC framework. This SEC picker takes into account the spectral properties of the ultrasonic signal and is virtually free of arbitrary parameters. Synthetic and experimental data are used to compare the performance of SEC and AIC pickers. It is shown that the accuracy of onset picking is improved for densely sampled data.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jasa/article/155/1/544/3061576/Improving-onset-picking-in-ultrasonic-testing-by</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0001-4966</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1121/10.0024337</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594284</identifier>
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The most commonly used formulation, Maeda's AIC picker, is reassessed and found to be based on inappropriate assumptions for signals often used in ultrasonic testing and dependent on arbitrary parameters. Consequently, an onset picker for ultrasonic through-transmission measurements is proposed, based on a spectral entropy criterion (SEC) to model the signal using the AIC framework. This SEC picker takes into account the spectral properties of the ultrasonic signal and is virtually free of arbitrary parameters. Synthetic and experimental data are used to compare the performance of SEC and AIC pickers. 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Test."},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9756","DOI":"10.3390\/s150509756","article-title":"Embedded ultrasonic transducers for active and passive concrete monitoring","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.919186","article-title":"Accuracy on the time-of-flight estimation for ultrasonic waves applied to non-destructive evaluation of standing trees: A comparative experimental study","volume":"104","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Acust. united Acust"},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1694-0","article-title":"Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle","volume-title":"Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike","author":"Parzen","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02480225","article-title":"A procedure for the modeling of non-stationary time series","volume":"30","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. 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Technol."},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c29","unstructured":"A.\n            Hendriyana\n          , \u201c\nDetection and Kirchhoff-type migration of seismic events by use of a new characteristic function,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, \nUniversit\u00e4t Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, 2017, https:\/\/publishup.uni-potsdam.de\/frontdoor\/index\/index\/docId\/39887."},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921718815058","article-title":"A new power-based method to determine the first arrival information of an acoustic emission wave","volume":"18","year":"2018","journal-title":"Struct. Health Monit"},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103341","article-title":"ICD: A methodology for real time onset detection of overlapped acoustic emission waves","volume":"119","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autom. 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Seismol."},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2022.108867","article-title":"An improved AIC onset-time picking method based on regression convolutional neural network","volume":"171","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c36","first-page":"S97","article-title":"Automated determination of first p-wave arrival and acoustic emission source location","volume":"10","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Emiss."},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2016.09.004","article-title":"Comparison of alternatives to amplitude thresholding for onset detection of acoustic emission signals","volume":"84","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. 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Solid Earth"},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c39","first-page":"599","article-title":"Introduction to akaike (1973) information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle","volume-title":"Breakthroughs in Statistics: Foundations and Basic Theory","author":"Kotz","year":"1992"},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1452.1","article-title":"Model selection for ecologists: The worldviews of AIC and BIC","volume":"95","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024012313244482300_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9201(99)00054-0","article-title":"Multi-component autoregressive techniques for the analysis of seismograms","volume":"113","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. 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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <subject>
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      <value>Akaike information criterion picker</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Nondestructive testing</value>
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      <value>Ultrasound</value>
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      <value>Time of flight</value>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
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    <title language="deu">Entwicklung eines luftgekoppelten Ultraschall-Echo-Prüfverfahrens mittels fluidischer Anregung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In vielen technischen Bereichen werden Ultraschallverfahren zur zer-störungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung eingesetzt. Dabei wird ein Schallpuls von einem Prüfkopf in ein Prüfobjekt eingebracht. Der Puls kann unter anderem durch Membra-nen oder Piezoelemente erzeugt werden und wird in der Regel durch direkten Kontakt oder über ein Koppelmittel an das Objekt übertragen. Luftgekoppelter Ultraschall spielt in kommerziellen Anwendungen bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle, da die Dif-ferenz der akustischen Impedanzen von Luft und Festkörpern immense Verluste beim Übergang des Schallsignals hervorruft.&#13;
In diesem Beitrag soll ein neuartiges Anregungsprinzip vorgestellt werden, mit dem ein Großteil dieser Verluste vermieden wird. Anstelle eines Festkörpers soll mit Hilfe einer fluidischen Düse Druckluft zur Signalerzeugung eingesetzt werden. In die-ser Düse wird eine selbsterhaltende Strömungsinstabilität erzeugt, die einen Schall-puls von bis zu 100 kHz hervorruft, sodass der Impedanzverlust in die Umgebungsluft entfällt. Da die charakteristische Frequenz eines fluidisch generierten Pulses maßgeb-lich von der Bauform der Düse und dem anliegenden Druck abhängt, lässt sich mittels einer geeigneten Strömungsregelung ein breiter Frequenzbereich zur Abtastung nut-zen. Die so emittierten Pulse werden auf das Prüfobjekt gerichtet und die reflektierten Signale mit einem Laservibrometer an der Oberfläche des Objekts im Echo-Verfahren abgetastet. Von drei signalmindernden Materialübergängen bei gewöhnlichem luftge-koppeltem Ultraschall bleibt in dem hier vorgeschlagenen Messystem lediglich die Grenzfläche von Luft zu Prüfkörper, sodass eine höhere Signalausbeute als bisher er-wartet werden kann.</abstract>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-ND - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Benjamin Bühling</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Stefan Maack</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultraschall</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Air-coupled</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Luftgekoppelt</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluidic oscillator</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
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      <value>Fluidischer Oszillator</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer</value>
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      <value>Refraktovibrometrie</value>
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    <subject>
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      <value>Refracto-vibrometry</value>
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      <value>NDT</value>
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      <value>ZfP</value>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
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