<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>15705</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2007</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2131</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2148</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>182</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Philadelphia, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A novel and effective synthetic approach to 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) Derivatives</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Starting from trivalent 10-alkoxy-10H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrenes, a broad range of DOPO derivatives was synthesized via transesterification with aliphatic alcohols and subsequent Michaelis-Arbuzov rearrangement using catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid methylester. Due to the considerable differences in the nature of the alcohols employed, several procedures for processing them are presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicion</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">17632</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1042-6507</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0308-664X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/10426500701407417</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.08.2007</enrichment>
    <author>J. Artner</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Ahlmann</author>
    <author>O. Walter</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DOPO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardant</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Michaelis-Arbuzov rearrangement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transesterification</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>17624</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>503</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>514</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>293</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH Verl.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A novel DOPO-based diamine as hardener and flame retardant for epoxy resin systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">10-Ethyl-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (1) can be nitrated using acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid. The nitro group is reduced using palladium on charcoal and hydrogen. These reaction conditions are used for the synthesis of an analogous DOPO-based diaminic hardener (7). An evaluation of the curing behavior, mechanical properties and flammability of a neat resin made of DGEBA and 7 (DGEBA + 7) and of a carbon fiber-reinforced resin made of DGEBA, 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfon (DDS) and 7 (DGEBA + DDS + 7) shows the potential of this hardener to lead to flame-retardant systems while keeping relevant properties on a high level; especially when compared to a similar system (DGEBA + DDS + 1).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Macromolecular materials and engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">19694</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/mame.200700287</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-7492</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1439-2054</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">23.06.2008</enrichment>
    <author>J. Artner</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>O. Walter</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Composites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy resins</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synthesis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>17627</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2007</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>69</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>84</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Books on Demand GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Norderstedt</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>FRPM</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flame retardant epoxy resin system for liquid composite moulding applications</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in the flame retardancy of polymeric materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">19697</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8334-8873-3</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>J. Artner</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>Ulrike Braun</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy resin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>12641</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>4981</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4984</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>15</issue>
    <volume>41</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science + Business Media B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effective halogen-free flame retardants for carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composites</title>
    <abstract language="eng">DOPO-based flame retardants with tailored chemical structures are proposed for carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Critical properties related to the fracture toughness are maintained, effectively allowing the use of such compounds in composites for demanding applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of materials science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">14375</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10853-006-0134-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-2461</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-4803</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">28.08.2006</enrichment>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>Ulrike Braun</author>
    <author>Uta Knoll</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DOPO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy resin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LOI</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>UL94</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>14112</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>8347</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8351</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>24</issue>
    <volume>41</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science + Business Media B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effective halogen-free flame retardancy for a monocomponent polyfunctional epoxy using an oligomeric organophosphorus compound</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Oligomeric organo-phosphorus flame retardants are proposed for a monocomponent polyfunctional epoxy resin system (RTM6) without significantly deteriorating the overall performance of the resulting material.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of materials science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">15889</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10853-006-1079-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-2461</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-4803</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">11.12.2006</enrichment>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>J. Artner</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>Aliaksandr Balabanovich</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DOPO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy resin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fire retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LOI</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>14515</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2007</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>778</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>790</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>48</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Novel phosphorus-modified polysulfone as a combined flame retardant and toughness modifier for epoxy resins</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A novel phosphorus-modified polysulfone (P-PSu) was employed as a combined toughness modifier and a source of flame retardancy for a DGEBA/DDS thermosetting system. In comparison to the results of a commercially available polysulfone (PSu), commonly used as a toughness modifier, the chemorheological changes during curing measured by means of temperature-modulated DSC revealed an earlier occurrence of mobility restrictions in the P-PSu-modified epoxy. A higher viscosity and secondary epoxy-modifier reactions induced a sooner vitrification of the reacting mixture; effects that effectively prevented any phase separation and morphology development in the resulting material during cure. Thus, only about a 20% increase in fracture toughness was observed in the epoxy modified with 20 wt.% of P-PSu, cured under standard conditions at 180 °C for 2 h. Blends of the phosphorus-modified and the standard polysulfone (PSu) were also prepared in various mixing ratios and were used to modify the same thermosetting system. Again, no evidence for phase separation of the P-PSu was found in the epoxy modified with the P-PSu/PSu blends cured under the selected experimental conditions. The particular microstructures formed upon curing these novel materials are attributed to a separation of PSu from a miscible P-PSuepoxy mixture. Nevertheless, the blends of P-PSu/PSu were found to be effective toughness/flame retardancy enhancers owing to the simultaneous microstructure development and polymer interpenetration.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymer</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">16316</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0032-3861</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-2291</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.02.2007</enrichment>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>Ulrike Braun</author>
    <author>Aliaksandr Balabanovich</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phosphorus-modified polysulfone</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fracture toughness</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>15071</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2007</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2744</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2759</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>105</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley InterScience</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Hoboken, NJ</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Novel Phosphorus-containing Hardeners with Tailored Chemical Structures for Epoxy Resins: Synthesis and Cured Resin Properties</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A comparative evaluation of systematically tailored chemical structures of various phosphorus-containing aminic hardeners for epoxy resins was carried out. In particular, the effect of the oxidation state of the phosphorus in the hardener molecule on the curing behavior, the mechanical, thermomechanical, and hot-wet properties of a cured bifunctional bisphenol-A based thermoset is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the comparative pyrolysis of neat cured epoxy resins containing phosphine oxide, phosphinate, phosphonate, and phosphate (with a phosphorus content of about 2.6 wt %) and of the fire behavior of their corresponding carbon fiber-reinforced composites. Comparatively faster curing thermosetting system with an enhanced flame retardancy and adequate processing behavior can be formulated by taking advantage of the higher reactivity of the phosphorus-modified hardeners. For example, a combination of the high reactivity and of induced secondary crosslinking reactions leads to a comparatively high Tg when curing the epoxy using a substoichiometric amount of the phosphinate-based hardener. The overall mechanical performance of the materials cured with the phosphorus-containing hardeners is comparable to that of a 4,4-DDS-cured reference system. While the various phosphorus-containing hardeners in general provide the epoxy-based matrix with enhanced flame retardancy properties, it is the flame inhibition in the gas phase especially that determines the improvement in fire retardancy of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. In summary, the present study provides an important contribution towards developing a better understanding of the potential use of such phosphorus-containing compounds to provide the composite matrix with sufficient flame retardancy while simultaneously maintaining its overall mechanical performance on a suitable level.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of applied polymer science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">16925</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0021-8995</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1097-4628</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.07.2007</enrichment>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>J. Artner</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>Aliaksandr Balabanovich</author>
    <author>Uta Knoll</author>
    <author>Ulrike Braun</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Organo-phosphorus compounds</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fracture toughness</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>16708</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>704</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>715</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>44</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Pyrolysis and fire behaviour of epoxy systems containing a novel 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-(DOPO)-based diamino hardener</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Highly soluble 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-(DOPO)-based diamino hardener (2), bearing its amino groups directly on the DOPO framework, is investigated with respect to its use as a reactive flame retardant in thermosets. A mechanism for decomposition of the corresponding phosphorus-modified epoxy resin system based on a diglycidylether of bisphenol A DGEBA and 2 (DGEBA/2) is proposed and compared to the systems using DGEBA and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfon (DGEBA/DDS) and to a similar system based on the structurally comparable non-reactive DOPO-based compound (DGEBA/DDS/1). Additive 1 changed the decomposition characteristics of the epoxy resin only slightly and phosphorus was released. Incorporating 2 induces two-step decomposition and most of the phosphorus remains in the residue. Furthermore, the fire behaviour of neat epoxy resin systems and a representative carbon fibre-reinforced composite based on DGEBA, DDS and 2 (DGEBA/DDS/2) were examined and compared to that of the analogous composite systems based on DGEBA/DDS and DGEBA/DDS/1. Based on different flame retardancy mechanisms both the reactive compound 2 and the additive compound 1 improve flammability (increase in LOI &gt;13% and achieving V-1 behaviour) of the epoxy resin and composites. Under forced flaming only the flame inhibition of the additive compound 1 acts sufficiently. Lastly, the superior key mechanical properties of the epoxy resin and composite based on 2 are sketched.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">European polymer journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">18732</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.017</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0014-3057</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-1945</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.03.2008</enrichment>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <author>Ulrike Braun</author>
    <author>Aliaksandr Balabanovich</author>
    <author>J. Artner</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>R.M. Perez</author>
    <author>J.K.W. Sandler</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Decomposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DOPO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Composites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermosets</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>35273</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>9</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>35</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>301</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH Verl.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flame retardancy of polymers: the role of specific reactions in the condensed phase</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Condensed-phase mechanisms play a major role in fire-retardant polymers. Generations of development have followed the concept of charring to improve fire properties. Whereas the principal reactions are believed to be known, the specific description for multicomponent systems is lacking, as is the picture across different systems. A two-step approach is proposed in general, and also presented in greater detail. The second step covers the specific reactions controlling charring, whereas the actual reactants are provided in the preceding step. This model consistently incorporates the variety of structureproperty relationships reported. A comprehensive case study is presented on seven phosphorus flame retardants in two epoxy resins to breathe life into the two-step approach.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Macromolecular materials and engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/mame.201500250</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-7492</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1439-2054</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.01.2016</enrichment>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <author>Birgit Perret</author>
    <author>Bettina Dittrich</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>J. Krämer</author>
    <author>P. Müller</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>L. Zang</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Charring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pyrolysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>30951</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>BCC Research</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Designed flame retardancy with phosphorus polymers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Polymeric flame retardants offer the possibility to match effective flame retardancy with the requirements of new regulations. Synthesis, properties and efficiency in polymer matrices are discussed for two systems, epoxy resins as well as poly(butylene terephthalate).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Flame conference 2014 - 25th Annual conference: Recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials (Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">33937</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">25th Annual conference: Recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Stamford, Connecticut, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">18.05.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">21.05.2014</enrichment>
    <author>D. Pospiech</author>
    <author>O. Fischer</author>
    <author>A. Korwitz</author>
    <author>T. Hoffmann</author>
    <author>T. Köppl</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>Sven Brehme</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <author>D. Vollmerhausen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phosphorus polymer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Poly(butylene terephthalate)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy resin</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>22957</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>14</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>30</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>296</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH Verl.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A new halogen-free flame retardant based on 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide for epoxy resins and their carbon fiber composites for the automotive and aviation industries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The pyrolysis and fire behavior of halogen-free flame-retarded DGEBA/DMC, RTM6 and their corresponding 60 vol.-% carbon fibers (CF) composites were investigated. A novel phosphorous compound (DOPI) was used. Its action is dependent on the epoxy matrix. DGEBA/DMC and DOPI decompose independently of each other. Only flame inhibition occurs in the gas phase. RTM6 shows flame inhibition and a condensed phase interaction increasing charring. Both mechanisms decrease with increasing irradiance, whereas in RTM6-CF charring is suppressed at low ones. RTM6+DOPI shows a higher LOI (34.2%) than DGEBA/DMC+DOPI and a V-0 classification in UL 94. Adding CF only enhances the LOI, DOPI+CF leads to a superposition in LOI for DGEBA/DMC-CF+DOPI (31.8%, V-0) and a synergism for RTM6-CF+DOPI (47.7%, V-0).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Macromolecular materials and engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">25519</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/mame.201000242</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1438-7492</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1439-2054</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">13.01.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Birgit Perret</author>
    <author>Bernhard Schartel</author>
    <author>K. Stöß</author>
    <author>M. Ciesielski</author>
    <author>J. Diederichs</author>
    <author>M. Döring</author>
    <author>J. Krämer</author>
    <author>V. Altstädt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Composites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flame retardancy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Glass transition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pyrolysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermosets</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
