24555
2011
eng
1
17(?)
conferenceobject
The European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences (ECCOMAS)
0
--
--
--
High-speed railway tracks of a surface, bridge and tunnel line and some effects on the train-induced bridge and ground vibrations
COMPDYN 2011 - 3rd International thematic conference - Computational methods in structural dynamics and earthquake engineering (Proceedings)
27228
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
COMPDYN 2011 - 3rd International thematic conference - Computational methods in structural dynamics and earthquake engineering
Corfu, Greece
2011-05-25
2011-05-28
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Track compliance
eng
uncontrolled
Surface line
eng
uncontrolled
Bridge track
eng
uncontrolled
Tunnel track
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soil
eng
uncontrolled
Bridge resonance
eng
uncontrolled
Train speed
eng
uncontrolled
Axle sequence
eng
uncontrolled
Track irregularities
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
Graue Literatur
24556
2011
eng
820
827
conferenceobject
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
0
--
--
--
The dynamic force transfer of slab tracks and floating slab tracks and the corresponding ground vibration
EURODYN 2011 - 8th International conference on structural dynamics (Proceedings)
27229
978-90-760-1931-4
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
EURODYN 2011 - 8th International conference on structural dynamics
Leuven, Belgium
2011-07-04
2011-07-06
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Railway track
eng
uncontrolled
Slab track
eng
uncontrolled
Floating slab track
eng
uncontrolled
Track-soil interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Force transfer
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
22361
2010
eng
235
261
2
48
article
Taylor & Francis
Basingstoke, Hants.
1
--
--
--
Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle-track-soil interaction, irregularities and soil measurements
Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses - the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle-track-soil interaction - have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle-track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.
Vehicle system dynamics
24881
10.1080/00423110802691515
0042-3114
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
15.11.2010
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Railway forces
eng
uncontrolled
Vehicle-track interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Irregularities
eng
uncontrolled
Rail roughness
eng
uncontrolled
Track alignment
eng
uncontrolled
Wheel out-of-roundness
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Soil transfer function
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
26860
2012
eng
923
933
8
138
article
Soc.
New York, NY, USA
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
1
--
--
--
Dynamic behavior of slab tracks on homogeneous and layered soils and the reduction of ground vibration by floating slab tracks
The dynamics of slab tracks and floating slab tracks are analyzed by multibeam models for the track and by integration in the wave-number domain for the soil, which is modeled as a layered half-space. Frequency-dependent compliances and force transfers are calculated for a great variety of track and soil parameters. The distribution of the load and the displacements along the track is investigated as well as the wave propagation perpendicular to the track and the ground vibration amplitudes. The floating slab track has a dominating plate-mat resonance and a strong high-frequency reduction. A track-soil resonance can also be recognized for an unisolated slab track in the case of layered soils. Generally, there is a strong damping of the track by the soil. The reduction effect of the slab mat is mainly owing to the elimination of this strong damping. The continuous soil yields slightly different rules for the displacements and force densities than those of a Winkler support. The total force transfer from the rail to the soil is the best criterion to judge the effectiveness of a floating slab track in reducing the ground vibration at some distance from the railway line. The total force transfer is easier to calculate than the double Fourier integrals of the ground vibration amplitudes, namely in the far field, and it has the best correlation with the reduction of the ground vibration.
Journal of engineering mechanics / ASCE
29644
10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000407
0733-9399
1943-7889
31.10.2012
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Railway track
eng
uncontrolled
Slab track
eng
uncontrolled
Floating slab track
eng
uncontrolled
Track-soil interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Track vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Force transfer
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
56035
2022
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
Measurement and evaluation tools for ground and building vibrations from industrial process-es, construction work, traffic and other sources
Vibration measurements have many causes and many technical and natural sources. Problems can sometimes be solved by short-term measurements, but in many cases, a long-term measurement is necessary. In long-term measurements of days, weeks, months and even years, it is easy to collect a huge quantity of raw data, but at the end, the post-processing of these data can be exhausting (for example one-year vibration data of a wind energy tower). A software has been developed which con-sists of measuring and evaluation routines where the measuring routines can operate different meas-uring systems and different measuring cards. The main advantage of this software is the fact that the interesting evaluations can be integrated in the measuring process so that the characteristics of the vibration can be extracted without storing all the raw data. Only important time segments are stored, for example train passages. The overall concept of the software and the main evaluation routines will be described in some details. Examples of our measurement experience will illustrate the capabilities of the software. 1) Surveying construction work in nearby sensitive buildings (for example an old wind tunnel), including a stable alarm system and meaningful vibration limits. 2) Prediction of train-induced vibration for a planned building to prevent annoyance and to improve the building design. 3) Modal analysis and long term measurements of several single- or multi-span, concrete or steel bridges 4) Modal and wave analysis of coupled floors in a historical building (“Neues Palais” at Potsdam). 5) Soil properties of various measurement sites (different routines to evaluate the dispersion). Moreover, from many projects, amplitudes, frequencies, and attenuation laws have been collected and analysed for the different sources such as vibratory or impact pile driving and ground compaction, demolition work with different machines, blasting in quarries and in tunnel works, bomb and mine clearing.
28th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV28)
Online meeting
25.07.2022
28.07.2022
publish
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Building vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Measurement
eng
uncontrolled
Evaluation
eng
uncontrolled
Modes and waves
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
56036
2022
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines
Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads. The dynamic axle loads are generated by the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load by the acceleration of the unsprung mass of the rail vehicle. The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines.
Railways 2022
Montpellier, France
22.08.2022
25.08.2022
publish
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Railways
eng
uncontrolled
Varying track stiffness
eng
uncontrolled
Varying soil stiffness
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
56038
2022
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
Railway-induced ground and building vibrations – Analysis in frequency-wavenumber domain and fast prediction with approximate models
A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. For the emission, finite-element boundary-element or multiple-beam-on-continuous-soil models of the track have been analysed and approximated by faster track-on-Winkler-soil models. The vehicle-track interaction due to irregularities yields the excitation forces. For the transmission of waves in the soil, the wavenumber integral of the compliance of layered soils has been evaluated. The calculation time is reduced for the prediction by using the solution of a homogeneous half-space with a frequency-dependent wave velocity (the dispersion) of the soil. For the immision, many 2 and 3-dimenisonal finite-element building models have been investigated, and a good approximation has been established by a 1-dimensional soil-wall-floor model. In addition, the axle sequence of the train, the quasi-static and the “scattered” response of the soil, and the wave propagation from a tunnel to a pile foundation of a building have been included.
ISMA-Conference
Leuven, Belgium
12.09.2022
14.09.2022
publish
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Building vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Railways
eng
uncontrolled
Simple and fast prediction
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
56603
2022
eng
1
13
conferenceobject
KU Leuven
Leuven
0
--
--
--
Railway-induced ground and building vibrations – Analysis in frequency-wavenumber domain and fast prediction with approximate models
A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. For the emission, finite-element boundary-element or multiple-beam-on-continuous-soil models of the track have been analysed and approximated by faster track-on-Winkler-soil models. The vehicle-track interaction due to irregularities yields the excitation forces. For the transmission of waves in the soil, the wavenumber integral of the compliance of layered soils has been evaluated. The calculation time is reduced for the prediction by using the solution of a homogeneous half-space with a frequency-dependent wave velocity (the dispersion) of the soil. For the immision, many 2 and 3-dimenisonal finite-element building models have been investigated, and a good approximation has been established by a 1-dimensional soil-wall-floor model. In addition, the axle sequence of the train, the quasi-static and the “scattered” response of the soil, and the wave propagation from a tunnel to a pile foundation of a building have been included.
Proceedings of the ISMA Conference 2022
ISMA-Conference 2022
Leuven, Belgium
12.09.2022
14.09.2022
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Simple prediction
eng
uncontrolled
Vehicle-track interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soil
eng
uncontrolled
Soil-building interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Soil-wall-floor model
eng
uncontrolled
Propagation from a tunnel
eng
uncontrolled
Tunnel-pile transfer
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur
56605
2022
eng
1
11
conferenceobject
0
--
--
--
Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines
Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads which are generated by the acceleration of the unsprung mass (from the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load). The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines.
Proceedings of Railways 2022
International Conference Railways 2022
Montpellier, France
22.08.2022
25.08.2022
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Axle loads
eng
uncontrolled
Irregularities
eng
uncontrolled
Varying stiffness
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur
56607
2011
deu
1
81
report
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Berlin
0
--
--
--
Mitigation measures for ballasted tracks - sleepers, sleeper pads and substructure - Results from the finite element boundary element method
The ground vibrations, which are generated by trains on different tracks, have been calculated by finite-element boundary-element models. The ballasted track is modelled in detail by the finite element method. The infinite soil is modelled by the boundary element method as a homogeneous or layered half-space. The track-soil system is coupled with a simple rigid mass model of the vehicle so that the vehicle-track interaction is completely included. Transfer functions are calculated in frequency domain without and with vehicle-track interaction, the compliance of the track and the mobilities of the soil at different distances from the track. Finally, the ratios between the ground vibration amplitudes with and without mitigation measure are calculated to quantify the effectiveness of the mitigation measure.
Tracks with under sleeper pads have been investigated in a wide parameter study. The main parameters that influence the reduction of ground vibration are the stiffness of the under sleeper pad, the mass and the width of the sleeper. The softest sleeper pad yields the best reduction of the ground vibration. The influence of the sleeper mass is not as strong as the characteristic frequency is ruled by the mass of the sleeper and the mass of the wheelset as well.
The influence of other parameters has been examined. The stiffness of the rail pads, the bending stiffness of the track, the stiffness of the ballast, the sub-soil, and the soil, and the layering of the soil. All these parameters show no or only a minor influence on the mitigation effect.
As the standard isolated track, a track with an under sleeper pad of a stiffness of kS = 5 107 N/m has been chosen, which can also be expressed as a stiffness per area of kS ’’ = 7.4 107 N/m3 = 0.074 N/mm3.
The resonance frequency for this pad stiffness is observed between 32 and 40 Hz. The reduction of the ground vibration is about vi,I /vi,U = 0.2 and 0.1 at 100 Hz. The reduction can be improved by softer sleeper pads. But the compliance of the track gets higher than tolerable. A possibility to use softer sleeper pads without increasing the static compliance of the track is their combination with wide sleepers. The softer sleeper pads under wider sleepers yield the same compliance of the track and a better reduction of the ground vibration.
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
deu
uncontrolled
Heavy sleeper
deu
uncontrolled
Under sleeper pad
deu
uncontrolled
Finite-element boundary-element method
deu
uncontrolled
Mitigation
deu
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
deu
uncontrolled
Ballasted track
Ingenieurbau
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur
56608
2012
eng
1
50
report
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Berlin
0
--
--
--
Mitigation measures for slab tracks - wide sleepers on soft pads and different slabs - Results from the finite element boundary element method
The ground vibrations, which are generated by trains on different slab tracks, have been calculated by finite-element boundary-element models. The slab track is modelled in detail by the finite element method.
The infinite soil is modelled by the boundary element method as a homogeneous half-space. The track-soil system is coupled with a simple rigid mass model of the vehicle so that the vehicle-track interaction is completely included. Transfer functions are calculated in frequency domain without and with vehicle-track interaction, the compliance of the track and the mobilities of the soil at different distances from the track.
Finally, the ratios between the ground vibration amplitudes with and without mitigation measure are calculated to quantify the effectiveness of the mitigation measure.
Tracks with under sleeper pads have been investigated in a parameter study. The main parameter that influences the reduction of ground vibration is the stiffness of the under sleeper pad. The softest sleeper pad yields the best reduction of the ground vibration.
The influence of other parameters has been examined. The stiffness of the rail pads, the stiffness of the slab material, the stiffness of the sleeper material, and the distance of the sleepers. All these parameters show no or only a minor influence on the mitigation effect.
As the standard isolated track, a track with an under sleeper pad of a stiffness of kS = 5 107 N/m has been chosen, which can also be expressed as a stiffness per area of kS ’’ = 3.7 107 N/m3 = 0.037 N/mm3.
The resonance frequency for this pad stiffness is observed between 32 and 40 Hz. The reduction of the ground vibration is about vi,I /vi,U = 0.1 at 100 Hz.
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Wide sleeper
eng
uncontrolled
Under sleeper pad
eng
uncontrolled
Finite-element boudnary-element method
eng
uncontrolled
Slab track
eng
uncontrolled
Mitigation
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
Ingenieurbau
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur
52611
2021
eng
411
419
150
bookpartcollection
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Cham
0
--
--
--
Predicted and measured amplitude-speed relations of railway ground vibrations at four German sites with different test trains
The present contribution evaluates four measuring series made by the Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing for the relations between train speed and ground vibration amplitudes. This experimental evaluation is supported by the simulation of the train passages at the different sites by using appropriate excitation mechanisms and forces as well as layered soil models which have been derived from impact measurements at each site.
Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems, Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Railway Noise, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design 150
1612-2909
978-3-030-70288-5
10.1007/978-3-030-70289-2_43
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Train speed
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Excitation forces
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soils
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
33682
2015
eng
2246
2258
11
21
article
Sage Science Press
Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
1
--
--
--
Force and ground vibration reduction of railway tracks with elastic elements
The reduction of train-induced ground vibration by elastic elements such as rail pads and sleeper pads has been analyzed by a combined finite-element boundary-element method. The dynamic compliance of the track, the transfer function of the total force on the ground and the ground vibration ratios have been calculated for a variety of isolated and un-isolated track systems. It has been found that the soil force transfer, which describes the excitation force of the soil, is an appropriate quantity to predict the reduction of the ground vibration and the effectiveness of isolated tracks. All force transfer functions of isolated tracks display a vehicletrack resonance where the wheelset on the compliant track is excited by wheel and track irregularities. At higher frequencies, considerable reductions of the amplitudes are observed as the benefit of the resilient element. The influence of the stiffness of the rail or sleeper pads, the ballast and the soil, and the mass of the sleeper and the wheelset on the resonance frequency and the reduction has been investigated. Sleeper pads are advantageous due to the higher mass that is elastically supported compared to the rail-pad track system. The combination of elastic rail and sleeper pads has been found to be disadvantageous, as the second resonance occurs in the frequency range of intended reduction.
Journal of vibration and control (JVC)
36793
10.1177/1077546313507099
1077-5463
1741-2986
13.07.2015
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Railway
eng
uncontrolled
Track
eng
uncontrolled
Rail pad
eng
uncontrolled
Sleeper pad
eng
uncontrolled
Force transfer
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Reduction
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
38816
2016
eng
27
38
1
3
article
Samara State Aerospace University
Samara
0
--
--
--
Vibrations of soil and foundation due to railway, blast and impact loading
The vibrations of soil and foundations are demonstrated for different types of loading. Train-induced ground vibrations are studied in a measurement campaign where a test train has run with regularly varied speeds. The measured train-induced soil vibration at 2 to 100 m distance from the track is compared with the wave propagation due to hammer excitation and with the theoretical wave field. The strong influence of the soil and the train speed on the amplitudes and frequencies of the vibration has been analysed for passages of the locomotive and the carriages. - The generation of ground vibration by strong explosions has been studied on a large testing area with sandy soil. The propagating waves were measured in a regular grid of measuring points in 10 to 1000 m. Therefore, the dominance of certain waves at certain distances and the changes of compressional waves and Rayleigh waves could clearly be observed. The results are compared with impulse hammer measurements in the range of 5 to 50 m. - A drop test facility has been built on the testing area of the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Heavy masses (containers) of up to 200 t can be dropped from 10 m height on a big reinforced concrete foundation. The foundation was instrumented by accelerometers, strain gauges and pressure cells to give information about the loading condition and by geophones to measure the vibration of the surrounding soil and building. Both excitation processes, the release of the mass and the impact, produce high vibration amplitudes. On a smaller drop foundation, the influence of the drop height and the target stiffness has been studied more systematically.
Journal of Dynamics and Vibroacoustics
2409-4579
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Train passage
eng
uncontrolled
Explosion
eng
uncontrolled
Mass drop
eng
uncontrolled
Amplitude-distance law
eng
uncontrolled
Filter effect of the soil
eng
uncontrolled
Train speed
eng
uncontrolled
Blasting charge
eng
uncontrolled
Drop height
eng
uncontrolled
Target stiffness
Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
51334
2020
eng
232
250
3
28
article
Springer
0
--
--
--
Simple and fast prediction of train-induced track forces, ground and building vibrations
A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train induced ground and building vibrations. Simple models such as (1-dimensional) transfer matrices are used for the vehicle-track-soil interaction and for the building-soil interaction. The wave propagation through layered soils is approximated by a frequency-dependent homogeneous half-space. The prediction is divided into the parts “emission” (excitation by railway traffic), “transmission” (wave propagation through the soil) and “immission” (transfer into a building). The link between the modules is made by the excitation force between emission and transmission, and by the free-field vibration between transmission and immission. All formula for the simple vehicle-track, soil and building models are given in this article. The behaviour of the models is demonstrated by typical examples, that is the mitigation of train vibrations by elastic track elements, the low- and high-frequency cut-offs characteristic for layered soils, and the interacting soil, wall and floor resonances of multi-storey buildings. It is shown that the results of the simple prediction models can well represent the behaviour of the more time-consuming detailed models, the finite-element boundary-element models of the track, the wavenumber integrals for the soil, and the three-dimensional finite-element models of the building. In addition, measurement examples are given for each part of the prediction confirming that the methods provide reasonable results. As the prediction models are fast in calculation, many predictions can be done, for example to assess the environmental effect along a new railway line. The simple models have the additional advantage that the user needs to know only a minimum of parameters. So, the prediction is fast and user-friendly, but also theoretically and experimentally well-founded.
Railway Engineering Science
10.1007/s40534-020-00218-7
2662-4745
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513340
false
true
Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Railway induced vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soil
eng
uncontrolled
Building response
eng
uncontrolled
Excitation forces
eng
uncontrolled
Track and vehicle irregularities
Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Umwelt
Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51334/RailEngSciPrediction2020_Article_SimpleAndFastPredictionOfTrain.pdf
51210
2020
eng
2611
2625
conferenceobject
KULeuven
Leuven
1
--
--
--
A mid-frequency component of train-induced ground vibration due to scattered axle impulses and the irregularities of the soil and ballast
The passage of the train is dominated by the impulses of the static axle loads. The response of the regular homogeneous and irregular soils has been calculated by the finite-element method in frequency domain. The superposition of the impulse responses yields the quasi-static component of the ground vibration which is restricted to very low frequencies and to the close near-field of the track. In case of an irregular soil or ballast of which the stiffness varies randomly in space, a mid-frequency ground vibration component is generated by the scattering of the axle impulses. Measurements will be shown which prove the existence of the mid-frequency ground vibration component and the unique explanation by the scattered axle impulses: many international measurements with a raised mid-frequency component, axle-box measurements with a too low mid-frequency dynamic load, amplitude-speed dependencies which are incompatible with irregularity-induced dynamic loads, and ground vibration reductions due to stiff track elements.
Proc. of ISMA/USD 2020
International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering (ISMA/USD)
Online meeting
07.09.2020
09.09.2020
10.06.2021
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Railway
eng
uncontrolled
Irregular soil
eng
uncontrolled
Irregular ballast
eng
uncontrolled
Axle impulses
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur
51212
2020
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
A mid-frequency component of train-induced ground vibration due to scattered axle impulses and the irregularities of the soil and ballast
The passage of the train is dominated by the impulses of the static axle loads. The response of the regular homogeneous and irregular soils has been calculated by the finite-element method in frequency domain. The superposition of the impulse responses yields the quasi-static component of the ground vibration which is restricted to very low frequencies and to the close near-field of the track. In case of an irregular soil or ballast of which the stiffness varies randomly in space, a mid-frequency ground vibration component is generated by the scattering of the axle impulses. Measurements will be shown which prove the existence of the mid-frequency ground vibration component and the unique explanation by the scattered axle impulses: many international measurements with a raised mid-frequency component, axle-box measurements with a too low mid-frequency dynamic load, amplitude-speed dependencies which are incompatible with irregularity-induced dynamic loads, and ground vibration reductions due to stiff track elements.
International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering (ISMA/USD 2020)
Online meeting
07.09.2020
09.09.2020
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Railway
eng
uncontrolled
Irregular soil
eng
uncontrolled
Irregular ballast
eng
uncontrolled
Axle impulses
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
51257
2020
eng
21
49
20
2
article
Saxe-Coburg Publications
London
0
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Vehicle-Track-Soil Interaction of Isolated, Un-isolated and Damaged Railway Tracks
This article deals with two topics of vehicle-track-soil interaction, the mitigation of railway induced ground vibration by soft track elements, and the identification of track damage. Theoretical results have been achieved by a combined finite-element boundary-element method (FEBEM). The theoretical results are confronted with measurements at four sites. Improved mitigation effects have been found for soft rail pads under heavy sleepers. The insertion loss, however, can be too optimistic if a strong vehicle track resonance occurs for the un-isolated reference track. Two measurement sites show this strong vehicle-track resonance at about 80 Hz, which has been approximated by using the results of a wide parameter study including the rail pad, ballast, and soil stiffness, as well as the ballast model and the soil layering. – The detection of slab track damage is mainly based on the differences of the receptance or compliance functions. Theoretical results have been confirmed by measurements at one site where a loss of contact between track plate and base layer was visible. Measurements at a second site with a hidden damage have been compared with the theoretical results of a loose sleeper. The differences between intact (or repaired) and damaged tracks are strong enough to encourage the further development of this method for the identification of track damages.
International Journal of Railway Technology
10.4203/ijrt.6.3.2
2049-5358
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Railway track
eng
uncontrolled
Track-soil interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Mitigation
eng
uncontrolled
Under-sleeper pads
eng
uncontrolled
Track damage monitoring
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
31162
2012
eng
469
488
5
226
article
Sage Publ.
London
1
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Train induced ground vibrations: different amplitude-speed relations for two layered soils
Ground vibrations created by running high-speed trains at speeds between 100 and 320 km/h are calculated in detail using transfer functions to model the effects of the moving loads. These transfer functions for layered soils are obtained by integration in the wavenumber domain. The train-induced vibrations in a soil that is considered to consist of single layers of two slightly different soils are analysed for different excitations: for their spectra, attenuation laws and amplitude-speed relations. An important mid-frequency component is shifted through the cut-on region of the layered soil with an increase in the train speed. The cut-on frequency divides the response of the layered soil into a low-frequency low-amplitude range and a high-frequency high-amplitude range. This leads to completely different train speed dependencies for the two soil layers with strongly increasing amplitudes around the cut-on frequency and almost constant amplitudes beyond this frequency. All calculated results closely agree with ground vibration measurements at two corresponding sites, especially if the mid-frequency component is calculated by axle impulses.
Journal of rail and rapid transit - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers / Part F
34157
10.1177/0954409712437305
0954-4097
14.08.2014
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soil
eng
uncontrolled
Wavenumber integrals
eng
uncontrolled
Moving load
eng
uncontrolled
Excitation forces
eng
uncontrolled
High-speed trains
eng
uncontrolled
Measured railway vibrations
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
48432
2019
eng
Chapter 2, 27
75
1
bookpart
ICE Publishing
London
0
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Fast trains and isolating tracks on inhomogeneous soils
Methods have been presented for detailed studies of railway vibration and for the fast prediction of train-induced ground vibration. The ground vibration is generated by static or dynamic loads. The main purpose of this contribution was to show the influence of inhomogeneous soils on the different vibration components.
Layered soils, namely a soft layer on a stiffer half-space, yield a quite specific transmission behavior. The low-frequency and sometimes also high-frequency cut-off of the transfer function of the soil is demonstrated in theory and by experiments at many sites of which the soil model is approximated from dispersion and transfer function measurements. The layer frequency divides the frequency range in a low-frequency range, where the stiff half-space rules the low amplitudes, and a high amplitude high-frequency range which is mainly determined by the softer top layer. A thick soft layer yields a very low layer frequency, so that the higher soft soil amplitudes have a wider range down to low frequencies. A thin layer yields a high layer frequency, so that the high frequencies above this layer frequency are dominant. The higher the contrast between the stiff half-space and the soft layer is, the stronger the increase between the half-space and layer amplitudes, the more characteristic are the spectra of the soil transfer function. The range of measured soils has been from vS1 down to 125 m/s, vS2 up to 1000 m/s and the layer frequencies are within 10 Hz < f0 < 75 Hz. Moreover, during this measuring campaign in Switzerland, all 11 sites showed clearly the layer-on-half-space behaviour. The transfer functions of inhomogeneous soils have been used to predict the ground vibration due to dynamic axle loads which is usually thought to be the most important component.
The passage of static loads, in the contrary, results in very small vibration amplitudes for low train speeds, which can only be found at near distances and at low frequencies. They attenuate very rapidly with distance and lose very rapidly the higher frequency content. The passage of static axle loads can be included in the prediction of railway vibration just for completeness.
Special attention should be given to the case if the train runs with the Rayleigh-wave speed of the soil (Rayleigh train). The Rayleigh-train effect is strongest for a homogeneous half-space: At the near-field of the track the amplitudes are raised strongly compared to normal trains, and in addition, little attenuation with distance is observed. In case of a layered soil, the low-frequency cut-off reduces the frequency range and the amplitudes of the homogeneous quasi-static ground vibrations. Therefore, the Rayleigh-train effects are clearly reduced by a layered soil and they disappear if the layer frequency (for example for a thin layer) is higher than the frequency band of the axle impulse. The Rayleigh-train effect could completely disappear in a randomly inhomogeneous soil, but this has not been analysed so far.
The axle impulses from static loads can have an additional, quite different effect. They can be scattered by a randomly inhomogeneous soil so that a part (the scattered part) of the axle impulse can reach further distances from the track. This can establish a certain mid-frequency component of the ground vibration which becomes dominant in the far-field, and this important component exists for all train speeds. Experimental results from BAM and international measurements show the importance of the corresponding frequency range.
The mitigation of train induced ground vibration by elastic and stiff track elements has been analysed threefold. The vehicle-track interaction yields the reduction at high frequencies above the vehicle-track resonance. This is the standard effect. The filtering of trackbed errors by the bending stiffness of the track yields a certain mid-frequency effect. An even stronger mid-frequency effect is predicted for the mitigation of the scattered axle impulses by the bending stiffness and elastic elements of the track.
Ground vibrations from high-speed railways
978-0-7277-6379-2
10.1680/gvfhsr.63792.027
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Inhomogeneous soils
eng
uncontrolled
Train excitation
eng
uncontrolled
Prediction
eng
uncontrolled
Mitigation
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soils
eng
uncontrolled
Soft track elements
eng
uncontrolled
Track beam
eng
uncontrolled
Scattered axle impulses
eng
uncontrolled
Wavenumber method
eng
uncontrolled
Multi-beam method
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")