55246
2022
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
Wave propagation from hammer, vibrator and railway excitation – theoretical and measured attenuation in space and frequency domain
The attenuation of wave amplitudes is ruled by the planar, cylindrical or spher-ical geometry of the wave front (the geometric or power-law attenuation) but also by the damping of the soil (an exponential attenuation). Several low- and high-frequency filter effects are derived for the layering and the damping of the soil, for the moving static and the distributed train loads and for a homoge-neous or randomly heterogeneous soil. Measurements of hammer- and train-induced vibrations at five sites have been analysed for these attenuation and filter effects. The measured attenuation with distance can be discribed by gen-eralised power laws and some reasons will be discussed. The theoretical filter effects can well be found in the measurements.
10th Wave Mechanics and Vibration Conference (WMVC)nce
Lisbon, Potugal
04.07.2022
06.07.2022
publish
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Hammer impact
eng
uncontrolled
Train passage
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soil
eng
uncontrolled
Attenuation
eng
uncontrolled
Filter effects
eng
uncontrolled
Randomly heterogeneous soil
eng
uncontrolled
Scattering
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
55000
2022
eng
1218
1233
10
236
article
Sage
London
1
--
--
--
The role of vehicle dynamics in train-induced ground vibrations and the detection of irregular axle-pulse responses due to a varying track support stiffness
Train-induced ground vibrations are all generated by the vehicle, by static or dynamic vehicle loads. The most important and most accepted excitation are the dynamic wheel loads from the passage over track irregularities. Dynamic wheel loads will be compared from parallel axle-box and ground vibration measurements at more than seven sites. Some low-frequency excitation of ground vibrations, typically between 10 and 30 Hz, cannot be found in the axle-box measurements. Therefore, other vehicle modes, such as rigid bogie modes, flexible carriage modes, rigid and flexible wheelset modes, have been analysed for additional excitation forces. These vehicle dynamics analyses give an explanation for higher axle-box results at high frequencies, but not for the excitation of the higher low-frequency ground-vibration component. Finally, the effect of the moving static train loads will be analysed. For a regular track and soil, the moving static train loads yield the quasi-static response which exists only in the low-frequency nearfield of the track. If the support stiffness is randomly varying along the track, the pulses on the track generate an additional low-frequency component which is called the irregular pulse responses.
This component will be demonstrated by numerical analysis where all axle pulses are superposed in frequency domain.
Proc IMechE Part F: J Rail and Rapid Transit
0954-4097
10.1177/09544097221086064
publish
13.06.2022
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Wheelset
eng
uncontrolled
Vehicle-track interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Rail roughness
eng
uncontrolled
Random dynamics and vibrations
eng
uncontrolled
Modal analysis
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
56220
2022
eng
979
997
4
3
article
MDPI
Basel
0
--
--
--
Dynamic damage detection of slab tracks – finite element models on Winkler soil and finite-element boundary-element models on continuous soil
The train passages over intact or damaged slab tracks on different soils have been calculated by two methods. The finite element method (FEM) uses a Winkler soil under the track model by adding a thin “soil layer”. The combined finite element boundary element method has a continuous soil model which is included by the boundary element method. The basic results are the distributions of the track (rail, track plate, and base layer) displacements along the track for a single axle laod. These solutions are superposed to a complete train load and transformed to time histories. The influence of track and soil parameters has been analysed. The main interest is the influence of the track damage. A gap between track plate and base layer of different lengths has been studied for changes in amplitudes and widths of deflection. A best fit to measured track displacements has been found so that the track damage can be identified and quantified. The FEM model with Winkler soil cannot be fitted to the amplitude and width with the same soil parameters. Therefore, the FEBEM model is preferable for these railway track problems.
CivilEng
2673-4109
10.3390/civileng3040055
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562207
publish
false
true
Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Lutz Auersch
Jiaojiao Song
eng
uncontrolled
Track damage quantification
eng
uncontrolled
Finite element method
eng
uncontrolled
Combined finite-element boundary-element method
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56220/CivilEng2022a.pdf
56034
2023
eng
352
359
conferenceobject
Springer Nature
Cham, Schweiz
0
--
--
--
Wave propagation from hammer, vibrator and railway excitation – theoretical and measured attenuation in space and frequency domain
The attenuation of wave amplitudes is ruled by the planar, cylindrical or spherical geometry of the wave front (the geometric or power-law attenuation) but also by the damping of the soil (an exponential attenuation). Several low- and high-frequency filter effects are derived for the layering and the damping of the soil, for the moving static and the distributed train loads and for a homogeneous or randomly heterogeneous soil. Measurements of hammer- and train-induced vibrations at five sites have been analysed for these attenuation and filter effects. The measured attenuation with distance can be discribed by generalised power laws and some reasons will be discussed. The theoretical filter effects can well be found in the measurements.
Recent Trends in Wave Mechanics and Vibrations
978-3-031-15757-8
10.1007/978-3-031-15758-5_35
Wave Mechanics and Vibrations Conference
Lisbon, Potugal
04.07.2022
06.07.2022
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Hammer impact
eng
uncontrolled
Train passage
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soil
eng
uncontrolled
Attenuation
eng
uncontrolled
Filter effects
eng
uncontrolled
Randomly heterogeneous soil
eng
uncontrolled
Scattering
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
56035
2022
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
Measurement and evaluation tools for ground and building vibrations from industrial process-es, construction work, traffic and other sources
Vibration measurements have many causes and many technical and natural sources. Problems can sometimes be solved by short-term measurements, but in many cases, a long-term measurement is necessary. In long-term measurements of days, weeks, months and even years, it is easy to collect a huge quantity of raw data, but at the end, the post-processing of these data can be exhausting (for example one-year vibration data of a wind energy tower). A software has been developed which con-sists of measuring and evaluation routines where the measuring routines can operate different meas-uring systems and different measuring cards. The main advantage of this software is the fact that the interesting evaluations can be integrated in the measuring process so that the characteristics of the vibration can be extracted without storing all the raw data. Only important time segments are stored, for example train passages. The overall concept of the software and the main evaluation routines will be described in some details. Examples of our measurement experience will illustrate the capabilities of the software. 1) Surveying construction work in nearby sensitive buildings (for example an old wind tunnel), including a stable alarm system and meaningful vibration limits. 2) Prediction of train-induced vibration for a planned building to prevent annoyance and to improve the building design. 3) Modal analysis and long term measurements of several single- or multi-span, concrete or steel bridges 4) Modal and wave analysis of coupled floors in a historical building (“Neues Palais” at Potsdam). 5) Soil properties of various measurement sites (different routines to evaluate the dispersion). Moreover, from many projects, amplitudes, frequencies, and attenuation laws have been collected and analysed for the different sources such as vibratory or impact pile driving and ground compaction, demolition work with different machines, blasting in quarries and in tunnel works, bomb and mine clearing.
28th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV28)
Online meeting
25.07.2022
28.07.2022
publish
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Building vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Measurement
eng
uncontrolled
Evaluation
eng
uncontrolled
Modes and waves
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
56036
2022
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines
Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads. The dynamic axle loads are generated by the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load by the acceleration of the unsprung mass of the rail vehicle. The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines.
Railways 2022
Montpellier, France
22.08.2022
25.08.2022
publish
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Railways
eng
uncontrolled
Varying track stiffness
eng
uncontrolled
Varying soil stiffness
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
56038
2022
eng
lecture
0
--
--
--
Railway-induced ground and building vibrations – Analysis in frequency-wavenumber domain and fast prediction with approximate models
A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. For the emission, finite-element boundary-element or multiple-beam-on-continuous-soil models of the track have been analysed and approximated by faster track-on-Winkler-soil models. The vehicle-track interaction due to irregularities yields the excitation forces. For the transmission of waves in the soil, the wavenumber integral of the compliance of layered soils has been evaluated. The calculation time is reduced for the prediction by using the solution of a homogeneous half-space with a frequency-dependent wave velocity (the dispersion) of the soil. For the immision, many 2 and 3-dimenisonal finite-element building models have been investigated, and a good approximation has been established by a 1-dimensional soil-wall-floor model. In addition, the axle sequence of the train, the quasi-static and the “scattered” response of the soil, and the wave propagation from a tunnel to a pile foundation of a building have been included.
ISMA-Conference
Leuven, Belgium
12.09.2022
14.09.2022
publish
false
true
0
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Building vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Railways
eng
uncontrolled
Simple and fast prediction
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Präsentation
56602
2022
eng
1
8
conferenceobject
0
--
--
--
Measurement and evaluation tools for ground and building vibrations from industrial pro-cesses, construction work, traffic and other sources
Vibration measurements have many causes and many technical and natural sources. Problems can sometimes be solved by short-term measurements, but in many cases, a long-term measurement is necessary. In long-term measurements of days, weeks, months and even years, it is easy to collect a huge quantity of raw data, but at the end, the post-processing of these data can be exhausting (for example one-year vibration data of a wind energy tower). A software has been developed which con-sists of measuring and evaluation routines where the measuring routines can operate different meas-uring systems and different measuring cards. The main advantage of this software is the fact that the interesting evaluations can be integrated in the measuring process so that the characteristics of the vibration can be extracted without storing all the raw data. Only important time segments are stored, for example train passages. The overall concept of the software and the main evaluation routines will be described in some details. Examples of our measurement experience will illustrate the capabilities of the software. 1) Surveying construction work in nearby sensitive buildings (for example an old wind tunnel), including a stable alarm system and meaningful vibration limits. 2) Prediction of train-induced vibration for a planned building to prevent annoyance and to improve the building design. 3) Modal analysis and long term measurements of several single- or multi-span, concrete or steel bridges 4) Modal and wave analysis of coupled floors in a historical building (“Neues Palais” at Potsdam). 5) Soil properties of various measurement sites (different routines to evaluate the dispersion). Moreover, from many projects, amplitudes, frequencies, and attenuation laws have been collected and analysed for the different sources such as vibratory or impact pile driving and ground compaction, demolition work with different machines, blasting in quarries and in tunnel works, bomb and mine clearing.
Proceedings of the 28th International Congress on Sound and Vibration
28th International Congress on Sound and Vibration
Online meeting
24.07.2022
28.07.2022
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
Samir Said
R. Rohrmann
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Building vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Measurement
eng
uncontrolled
Evaluation
eng
uncontrolled
Modes
eng
uncontrolled
Waves
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur
56603
2022
eng
1
13
conferenceobject
KU Leuven
Leuven
0
--
--
--
Railway-induced ground and building vibrations – Analysis in frequency-wavenumber domain and fast prediction with approximate models
A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. For the emission, finite-element boundary-element or multiple-beam-on-continuous-soil models of the track have been analysed and approximated by faster track-on-Winkler-soil models. The vehicle-track interaction due to irregularities yields the excitation forces. For the transmission of waves in the soil, the wavenumber integral of the compliance of layered soils has been evaluated. The calculation time is reduced for the prediction by using the solution of a homogeneous half-space with a frequency-dependent wave velocity (the dispersion) of the soil. For the immision, many 2 and 3-dimenisonal finite-element building models have been investigated, and a good approximation has been established by a 1-dimensional soil-wall-floor model. In addition, the axle sequence of the train, the quasi-static and the “scattered” response of the soil, and the wave propagation from a tunnel to a pile foundation of a building have been included.
Proceedings of the ISMA Conference 2022
ISMA-Conference 2022
Leuven, Belgium
12.09.2022
14.09.2022
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Simple prediction
eng
uncontrolled
Vehicle-track interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Layered soil
eng
uncontrolled
Soil-building interaction
eng
uncontrolled
Soil-wall-floor model
eng
uncontrolled
Propagation from a tunnel
eng
uncontrolled
Tunnel-pile transfer
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur
56605
2022
eng
1
11
conferenceobject
0
--
--
--
Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines
Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads which are generated by the acceleration of the unsprung mass (from the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load). The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines.
Proceedings of Railways 2022
International Conference Railways 2022
Montpellier, France
22.08.2022
25.08.2022
publish
false
true
Lutz Auersch
eng
uncontrolled
Ground vibration
eng
uncontrolled
Axle loads
eng
uncontrolled
Irregularities
eng
uncontrolled
Varying stiffness
Ingenieurbau
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.2 Ingenieurbau
Infrastruktur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Graue Literatur