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  <doc>
    <id>63337</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>256</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>271</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>140</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier BV</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Impact of hydrogen addition, up to 20 % (mol/mol), on the thermodynamic (p, ρ, T) properties of a reference high-calorific natural gas mixture with significant ethane and propane content</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Injecting hydrogen into the natural gas grid supports gradual decarbonization. To check the accuracy of equations of state for hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures, precise density data from well-characterized reference mixtures are essential. In a prior study, we provided experimental measurements for a natural gas constituted mainly of methane and for two derived hydrogen-enriched mixtures. In the present study, being the second and final part of our investigation, density measurements for a high-calorific natural gas with significant ethane and propane content, along with two hydrogen-enriched variants (10 and 20 mol-% hydrogen) are provided. The mixtures are gravimetrically prepared following ISO 6142-1. Density measurements, conducted with a single-sinker densimeter at temperatures from (260–350) K and pressures up to 20 MPa, are compared with three equations of state: AGA8-DC92, GERG-2008, and an improved GERG-2008. Results indicate that all models perform better for methane-dominant mixtures than for those containing heavier hydrocarbons.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0360-3199</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.173</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-633371</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.06.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Daniel Lozano-Martín</author>
    <author>Heinrich Kipphardt</author>
    <author>Peyman Khanipour</author>
    <author>Dirk Tuma</author>
    <author>Alfonso Horrillo</author>
    <author>César R. Chamorro</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen-enriched natural gas</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-pressure density</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reference equation of state</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.4 Non-Target-Analytik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/63337/1-s2.0-S0360319925024413-main.pdf</file>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64650</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>25</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>46</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evaluation of Reference Equations of State for Density Prediction in Regasified LNG Mixtures Using High-Precision Experimental Data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study evaluates the performance of three reference equations of state (EoS), AGA8-DC92, GERG-2008, and SGERG-88, in predicting the density of regasified liquefied natural gas (RLNG) mixtures. A synthetic nine-component RLNG mixture was gravimetrically prepared. High-precision density measurements were obtained using a single-sinker magnetic suspension densimeter over a temperature range of (250 to 350) K and pressures up to 20 MPa. The experimental data were compared with EoS predictions to evaluate their accuracy. AGA8-DC92 and GERG-2008 showed excellent agreement with the experimental data, with deviations within their stated uncertainty. In contrast, SGERG-88 exhibited significantly larger deviations for this RLNG mixture, particularly at low temperatures of (250 to 260) K, where discrepancies reached up to 3 %. Even at 300 K, deviations larger than 0.4 % were observed at high pressures, within the model’s uncertainty, but notably higher than those of the other two EoSs. The analysis was extended to three conventional 11-component natural gas mixtures (labeled G420 NG, G431 NG, and G432 NG), previously studied by our group using the same methodology. While SGERG-88 showed reduced accuracy for the RLNG mixture, it performed reasonably well for these three mixtures, despite two of them have a very similar composition to the RLNG. This discrepancy is attributed to the lower CO2 and N2 content typical in RLNG mixtures, demonstrating the sensitivity of EoS performance to minor differences in composition. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate EoS models for accurate density prediction in RLNG applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Thermophysics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0195-928X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10765-025-03669-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-646506</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.11.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Daniel Lozano-Martín</author>
    <author>Dirk Tuma</author>
    <author>César R. Chamorro</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Regasified LNG</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Equation of state</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Density</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gravimetric preparation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien und Gasanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64650/s10765-025-03669-4.pdf</file>
  </doc>
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