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<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>57213</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>19</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Nanomaterial Characterization in Complex Media - Guidance and Application</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A broad range of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and their dissolved ions possess a possible toxicological risk for human health and the environment. Reliable and robust measurements of dissolution effects may be influenced by the sample matrix, which challenges the analytical method of choice. In this study, CuO NPs were investigated in several dissolution experiments. Two analytical techniques (dynamic light scattering (DLS) and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were used to characterize NPs (size distribution curves) time-dependently in different complex matrices (e.g., artificial lung lining fluids and cell culture media). The advantages and challenges of each analytical approach are evaluated and discussed. Additionally, a direct-injection single particle (DI sp)ICP-MS technique for assessing the size distribution curve of the dissolved particles was developed and evaluated. The DI technique provides a sensitive response even at low concentrations without any dilution of the complex sample matrix. These experiments were further enhanced with an automated data evaluation procedure to objectively distinguish between ionic and NP events.&#13;
With this approach, a fast and reproducible determination of inorganic NPs and ionic backgrounds can be achieved. This study can serve as guidance when choosing the optimal analytical method for NP characterization and for the determination of the origin of an adverse effect in NP toxicity.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Nanomaterials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/nano13050922</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572138</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.03.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Y. U. Hachenberger</author>
    <author>Daniel Rosenkranz</author>
    <author>C. Kromer</author>
    <author>B. C. Krause</author>
    <author>N. Dreiack</author>
    <author>F. L. Kriegel</author>
    <author>E. Kozmenko</author>
    <author>H. Jungnickel</author>
    <author>J. Tentschert</author>
    <author>F. S. Bierkandt</author>
    <author>P. Laux</author>
    <author>Ulrich Panne</author>
    <author>A. Luch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanon</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Characterization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SpICP-MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Matrix</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dissolution</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">P Präsident</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">P.0 Präsident und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57213/nanomaterials-13-00922.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>42438</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>10726</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10735</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>40</issue>
    <volume>33</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Americal Chemical Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Impact of an artificial digestion procedure on aluminum-containing nanomaterials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Aluminum has gathered toxicological Attention based on relevant human exposure and its suspected hazardous potential. Nanoparticles from food supplements or Food contact materials may reach the human gastrointestinal tract.&#13;
Here, we monitored the physicochemical fate of aluminum containing nanoparticles and aluminum ions when passaging an in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract. Smallangle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ion beam microscopy (IBM), secondary ion beam mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the singleparticle mode were employed to characterize two aluminumcontaining nanomaterials with different particle core materials (Al0, γAl2O3) and soluble AlCl3. Particle size and shape remained unchanged in saliva, whereas strong Agglomeration of both aluminum nanoparticle species was observed at low pH in gastric fluid together with an increased ion release. The levels of free aluminum ions decreased in intestinal fluid and the particles deagglomerated, thus liberating primary particles again. Dissolution of nanoparticles was limited and substantial changes of their shape and size were not detected. The amounts of particle-associated phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, and calcium increased in intestinal fluid, as compared to nanoparticles in standard dispersion.&#13;
Interestingly, nanoparticles were found in the intestinal fluid after addition of ionic aluminum. We provide a comprehensive characterization of the fate of aluminum nanoparticles in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, demonstrating that orally ingested nanoparticles probably reach the intestinal epithelium. The balance between dissolution and de novo complex formation should be considered when evaluating nanotoxicological experiments.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Langmuir</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02729</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1520-5827</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0743-7463</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.11.2017</enrichment>
    <author>H. Sieg</author>
    <author>Claudia Kästner</author>
    <author>B. Krause</author>
    <author>T. Meyer</author>
    <author>A. Burel</author>
    <author>L. Böhmert</author>
    <author>D. Lichtenstein</author>
    <author>H. Jungnickel</author>
    <author>J. Tentschert</author>
    <author>P. Laux</author>
    <author>A. Braeuning</author>
    <author>I. Estreal-Lopis</author>
    <author>F. Gauffre</author>
    <author>V. Fessard</author>
    <author>J. Meijer</author>
    <author>A. Luch</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>A. Lampen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Small-angle X-ray scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SAXS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>47432</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>992</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1013</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Uptake and molecular impact of aluminum-containing nanomaterials on human intestinal caco-2 cells</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Aluminum (Al) is one of the most common elements in the earth crust and increasingly used in food, consumer products and packaging. Its hazard potential for humans is still not completely understood. Besides the metallic form, Al also exists as mineral, including the insoluble oxide, and in soluble ionic forms. Representatives of these three species, namely a metallic and an oxidic species of Al-containing nanoparticles and soluble aluminum chloride, were applied to human intestinal cell lines as models for the intestinal barrier. We characterized physicochemical particle parameters, protein corona composition, ion release and cellular uptake. Different in vitro assays were performed to determine potential effects and molecular modes of Action related to the individual chemical species. For a deeper insight into signaling processes, microarray transcriptome analyses followed by bioinformatic data analysis were employed. The particulate Al species showed different solubility in biological media. Metallic Al nanoparticles released more ions than Al2O3 nanoparticles, while AlCl3 showed a mixture of dissolved and agglomerated particulate entities in biological media. The protein corona composition differed between both nanoparticle species. Cellular uptake, investigated in transwell experiments, occurred predominantly in particulate form, whereas ionic Al was not taken up by intestinal cell lines. Transcellular transport was not observed. None of the Al species showed cytotoxic effects up to 200 mg Al/mL. The transcriptome analysis indicated mainly effects on oxidative stress pathways, xenobiotic metabolism and metal homeostasis. We have shown for the first time that intestinal cellular uptake of Al occurs preferably in the particle form, while toxicological effects appear to be ion-related.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Nanotoxicology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/17435390.2018.1504999</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1743-5390</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.02.2019</enrichment>
    <author>H. Sieg</author>
    <author>C. Braeuning</author>
    <author>B. M. Kunz</author>
    <author>H. Daher</author>
    <author>C. Kästner</author>
    <author>B.-C. Krause</author>
    <author>T. Meyer</author>
    <author>P. Jalili</author>
    <author>K. Kogeveen</author>
    <author>L. Böhmert</author>
    <author>D. Lichtenstein</author>
    <author>A. Burel</author>
    <author>S. Chevance</author>
    <author>H. Jungnickel</author>
    <author>J. Tentschert</author>
    <author>P. Laux</author>
    <author>A. Braeuning</author>
    <author>F. Gauffre</author>
    <author>V. Fessard</author>
    <author>J. Meijer</author>
    <author>I. Estrela-Lopis</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>A. Luch</author>
    <author>A. Lampen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Small-angle x-ray scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SAXS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanopatricle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>44705</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>14377</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14388</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>26</issue>
    <volume>8</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>The Royal Society of Chemistry</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterization of aluminum, aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials using a combination of methods for particle surface and size analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The application of appropriate analytical techniques is essential for nanomaterial (NM) characterization. In this study, we compared different analytical techniques for NM analysis. Regarding possible adverse health effects, ionic and particulate NM effects have to be taken into account. As NMs behave quite differently in physiological media, special attention was paid to techniques which are able to determine the biosolubility and complexation behavior of NMs. Representative NMs of similar size were selected: aluminum (Al0) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), to compare the behavior of metal and metal oxides. In addition, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated. Characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were evaluated with respect to their suitability for fast characterization of nanoparticle dispersions regarding a particle's hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution. By application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the single particle mode (SP-ICP-MS), individual nanoparticles were quantified and characterized regarding their size. SP-ICP-MS measurements were correlated with the information gained using other characterization techniques, i.e. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The particle surface as an important descriptor of NMs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). NM impurities and their co-localization with biomolecules were determined by ion beam microscopy (IBM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM). We conclude advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques applied and suggest options for their complementation. Thus, this paper may serve as a practical guide to particle characterization techniques.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">RSC Advances</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/C8RA00205C</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-447057</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2046-2069</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">14.05.2018</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 3.0</licence>
    <author>B. Krause</author>
    <author>T. Meyer</author>
    <author>H. Sieg</author>
    <author>Claudia Kästner</author>
    <author>P. Reichardt</author>
    <author>J. Tentschert</author>
    <author>H. Jungnickel</author>
    <author>I. Estrela-Lopis</author>
    <author>A. Burel</author>
    <author>S. Chevance</author>
    <author>F. Gauffre</author>
    <author>P. Jalili</author>
    <author>J. Meijer</author>
    <author>L. Böhmert</author>
    <author>A. Braeuning</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <author>V. Fessard</author>
    <author>P. Laux</author>
    <author>A. Lampen</author>
    <author>A. Luch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Small-angle X-ray scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SAXS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/44705/Krause_RSC_Advances_2018_8_14377-14388.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
