<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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  <doc>
    <id>3308</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2003</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>5485</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5493</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>39-40</issue>
    <volume>37</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Emissions of organophosphate and brominated flame retardants from selected consumer products and building materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The emissions of selected flame retardants were measured in 1- and 0.02-m3 emission test chambers and 0.001-m3 emission test cells. Four product groups were of interest: insulating materials, assembly foam, upholstery/mattresses, and electronics equipment. The experiments were performed under constant environmental conditions (23°C, 50% RH) using a fixed sample surface area and controlled air flow rates. Tris (2-chloro-isopropyl)phosphate (TCPP) was observed to be one of the most commonly emitted organophosphate flame retardants in polyurethane foam applications. Depending on the sample type, area-specific emission rates (SERa) of TCPP varied between 20 ng m-2 h-1 and 140 ?g m-2 h-1.

The emissions from electronic devices were measured at 60°C to simulate operating conditions. Under these conditions, unit specific emission rates (SERu) of organophosphates were determined to be 1085 ng unit-1 h-1. Increasing the temperature increased the emission of several flame retardants by up to a factor of 500. The results presented in this paper indicate that emissions of several brominated and organophosphate flame retardants are measurable. Polybrominated diphenylethers exhibited an SERa of between 0.2 and 6.6 ng m-2 h-1 and an SERu of between 0.6 and 14.2 ng unit-1 h-1. Because of sink effects, i.e., sorption to chamber components, the emission test chambers and cells used in this study have limited utility for substances low vapour pressures, especially the highly brominated compounds; hexabromocyclododecane had an SERa of between 0.1 and 29 ng m-2 h-1 and decabromodiphenylether was not detectable at all.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Atmospheric environment</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">3406</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.025</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0004-6981</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1352-2310</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Monterey, CA, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2002-06-30</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2002-07-05</enrichment>
    <author>Sabine Kemmlein</author>
    <author>Oliver Hahn</author>
    <author>Oliver Jann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SVOC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Organophosphates</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chamber study</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brominated flame retardants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Emission rates</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>10852</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2005</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>11_0_1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Books on Demand GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Norderstedt</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>FRPM</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigations on emissions of selected flame retardants. A possible route of exposure?</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in the flame retardancy of polymeric materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">12469</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8334-8873-3</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">10th European meeting on fire retardancy and protection of materials/European conference on fire retardant polymers</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2005-09-07</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2005-09-09</enrichment>
    <author>Sabine Kemmlein</author>
    <author>Oliver Hahn</author>
    <author>Oliver Jann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Emission test chamber</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polybrominated flame retardants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Organophosphates</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>10849</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2005</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2325</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2328</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>II</volume>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Tsinghua University Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Beijing</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Suitability of emission test chambers and cells for measuring organophosphates and brominated flame retardants from insulation material</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Indoor Air 2005</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">12466</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">7-89494-830-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Indoor Air 2005</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Beijing, PR China</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2005-09-04</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2005-09-09</enrichment>
    <author>Sabine Kemmlein</author>
    <author>Oliver Hahn</author>
    <author>Oliver Jann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Emission measurements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Brominated flame retardants</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Organophosphates</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
