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  <doc>
    <id>37704</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>770</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>13</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>9</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flow chamber system for the statistical evaluation of bacterial colonization on materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Biofilm formation on materials leads to high costs in industrial processes, as well as in medical applications. This fact has stimulated interest in the development of new materials with improved surfaces to reduce bacterial colonization. Standardized tests relying on statistical evidence are indispensable to evaluate the quality and safety of these new materials. We describe here a flow chamber system for biofilm cultivation under controlled conditions with a total capacity for testing up to 32 samples in parallel. In order to quantify the surface colonization, bacterial cells were DAPI (4‘,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained and examined with epifluorescence microscopy. More than 100 images of each sample were automatically taken and the surface coverage was estimated using the free open source software g’mic, followed by a precise statistical evaluation. Overview images of all gathered pictures were generated to dissect the colonization characteristics of the selected model organism Escherichia coli W3310 on different materials (glass and implant steel). With our approach, differences in bacterial colonization on different materials can be quantified in a statistically validated manner. This reliable test procedure will support the design of improved materials for medical, industrial, and environmental (subaquatic or subaerial) applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/ma9090770</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1996-1944</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-377040</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">31.10.2016</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - Namensnennung 3.0</licence>
    <author>Friederike Menzel</author>
    <author>Bianca Conradi</author>
    <author>K. Rodenacker</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Subaerial and subaquatic biofilm</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Escherichia coli</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Image analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilm</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofouling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/37704/2016_Menzel et al_Flow Chamber System for the Statistical Evaluation of BActerial Colonisation on Materials.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>28083</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>850</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>867</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>7</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Nature Publishing Group</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basingstoke</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Society for Microbial Ecology</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Microbial hitchhikers on intercontinental dust: catching a lift in Chad</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ancient mariners knew that dust whipped up from deserts by strong winds travelled long distances, including over oceans. Satellite remote sensing revealed major dust sources across the Sahara. Indeed, the Bodélé Depression in the Republic of Chad has been called the dustiest place on earth. We analysed desert sand from various locations in Chad and dust that had blown to the Cape Verde Islands. High throughput sequencing techniques combined with classical microbiological methods showed that the samples contained a large variety of microbes well adapted to the harsh desert conditions. The most abundant bacterial groupings in four different phyla included: (a) Firmicutes—Bacillaceae, (b) Actinobacteria—Geodermatophilaceae, Nocardiodaceae and Solirubrobacteraceae, (c) Proteobacteria—Oxalobacteraceae, Rhizobiales and Sphingomonadaceae, and (d) Bacteroidetes—Cytophagaceae. Ascomycota was the overwhelmingly dominant fungal group followed by Basidiomycota and traces of Chytridiomycota, Microsporidia and Glomeromycota. Two freshwater algae (Trebouxiophyceae) were isolated. Most predominant taxa are widely distributed land inhabitants that are common in soil and on the surfaces of plants. Examples include Bradyrhizobium spp. that nodulate and fix nitrogen in Acacia species, the predominant trees of the Sahara as well as Herbaspirillum (Oxalobacteraceae), a group of chemoorganotrophic free-living soil inhabitants that fix nitrogen in association with Gramineae roots. Few pathogenic strains were found, suggesting that African dust is not a large threat to public health.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The ISME journal : multisiciplinary journal of microbial ecology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">30928</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/ismej.2012.152</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1751-7362</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1751-7370</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.04.2013</enrichment>
    <author>J. Favet</author>
    <author>A. Lapanje</author>
    <author>A. Giongo</author>
    <author>S. Kennedy</author>
    <author>Y.-Y. Aung</author>
    <author>A. Cattaneo</author>
    <author>A.G. Davis-Richardson</author>
    <author>C.T. Brown</author>
    <author>R. Kort</author>
    <author>H.-J. Brumsack</author>
    <author>B. Schnetger</author>
    <author>A. Chappell</author>
    <author>J. Kroijenga</author>
    <author>A. Beck</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>A.H. Mohamed</author>
    <author>T. Kirchner</author>
    <author>P. Dorr de Quadros</author>
    <author>E.W. Triplett</author>
    <author>William J. Broughton</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aeolian</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High throughput sequencing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bodélé Depression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Republic of Chad</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wind erosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61045</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>4626</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4634</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ACS Publ.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Microfluidic platform with precisely controlled hydrodynamic parameters and integrated features for generation of microvortices to accurately form and monitor biofilms in flow</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, and their adhesion to surfaces in industrial systems or clinical settings may lead to pipe clogging, microbially influenced corrosion, material deterioration, food spoilage, infections, and human illness. Here, a novel microfluidic platform was developed to investigate biofilm formation under precisely controlled (i) cell concentration, (ii) temperature, and (iii) flow conditions. The developed platform central unit is a single-channel microfluidic flow cell designed to ensure ultrahomogeneous flow and condition in its central area, where features, e.g., with trapping properties, can be incorporated. In comparison to static and macroflow chamber assays for biofilm studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation under various flow regimes and have better environment control and smaller sample requirements. Flow simulations and experiments with fluorescent particles were used to simulate bacteria flow in the platform cell for calculating flow velocity and direction at the microscale level. The combination of flow analysis and fluorescent strain injection in the cell showed that microtraps placed at the center of the channel were efficient in capturing bacteria at determined positions and to study how flow conditions, especially microvortices, can affect biofilm formation. The microfluidic platform exhibited improved performances in terms of homogeneity and robustness for in vitro biofilm formation. We anticipate the presented platform to be suitable for broad, versatile, and high-throughput biofilm studies at the microscale level.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ACS biomaterials science and engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00101</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2373-9878</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-610450</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Keqing Wen</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>Jérémy Bell</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Topographical pattern</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>E. coli</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluorescence</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria trapping</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Particle velocimetry</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61045/Wen et al 2024 ACS Biomater Sci Eng.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>45084</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>9525</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9537</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>20</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>RSC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Functionalized 2D nanomaterials with switchable binding to investigate graphene–bacteria interactions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Graphene and its derivatives have recently attracted much attention for sensing and deactivating pathogens. However, the mechanism of multivalent interactions at the graphene–pathogen interface is not fully understood. Since different physicochemical parameters of graphene play a role at this interface, control over graphene’s structure is necessary to study the mechanism of these interactions. In this work, different graphene derivatives and also zwitterionic graphene nanomaterials (ZGNMs) were synthesized with defined exposure, in terms of polymer coverage and functionality, and isoelectric points. Then, the switchable interactions of these nanomaterials with E. coli and Bacillus cereus were investigated to study the validity of the generally proposed “trapping” and “nano-knives” mechanisms for inactivating bacteria by graphene derivatives. It was found that the antibacterial activity of graphene derivatives strongly depends on the accessible area, i.e. edges and basal plane of sheets and tightness of their agglomerations. Our data clearly confirm the authenticity of “trapping” and “nano-knives” mechanisms for the antibacterial activity of graphene sheets.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Nanoscale</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/c8nr01347k</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2040-3364</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2040-3372</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">14.06.2018</enrichment>
    <author>K. H. Tan</author>
    <author>S. Sattari</author>
    <author>Ievgen Donskyi</author>
    <author>J. L. Cuellar-Camacho</author>
    <author>C. Cheng</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>Andreas Lippitz</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Unger</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>M. Adeli</author>
    <author>R. Haag</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XPS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Graphene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Graphene–bacteria interaction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59593</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A microfluidic platform for monitoring biofilm formation in flow under defined hydrodynamic conditions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Bacterial adhesion on surfaces of medical, water and food applications may lead to infections, water or food spoilage and human illness. In comparison to traditional static and macro flow chamber assays for biofilm formation studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation under various flow regimes, have better environment control and smaller sample requirements.&#13;
In this work, a novel microfluidic platform is developed to investigate biofilm adhesion under precisely controlled bacteria concentration, temperature, and flow conditions. This platform central unit is a single-inlet microfluidic flow cell with a 5 mm wide chamber designed and tested to achieve ultra-homogenous flow in the central area of chamber. Within this area, defined microstructures are integrated that will disturb the homogeneity of the flow, thus changing bacterial adhesion pattern.&#13;
Here we present the monitoring of bacterial biofilm formation in a microfluidic chip equipped with a microstructure known as micro-trap. This feature is based on a 3D bacteria trap designed by Di Giacomo et al. and successfully used to sequester motile bacteria.&#13;
At first, fluorescent particles similar in size to Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used to simulate bacteria flow inside the flow cell and at the micro-trap. The turbulences induced by the trap are analyzed by imaging and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Secondly, the model strain E. coli TG1, ideal and well described for biofilm studies, is used to analyze biofilm formation in the micro-trap. Therefore, a stable fluorescent strain E. coli TG1-MRE-Tn7-141 is constructed by using Tn7 transposon mutagenesis according to the method described by Schlechter et al. Sequestering of E. coli cells within the micro-trap was followed using epifluorescence microscopy.&#13;
The novel microfluidic platform shows great potential for assessment of bacterial adhesion under various flow regimes. The performance of structural feature with respect to the generation of turbulences that promote or reduce bacterial adhesion can be systematically examined.&#13;
The combination of flow analysis and fluorescent strain injection into the microfluidic chip shows that the micro-trap is useful for capturing bacteria at defined positions and to study how flow conditions, especially micro-turbulences, can affect biofilm formation. It represents a powerful and versatile tool for studying the relation between topography and bacteria adhesion.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Katowice, Poland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Keqing Wen</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>Jérémy Bell</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilm</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>E. coli</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microfluidics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Velocimetry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluorescence</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Biokorrosion</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>39003</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>210</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>216</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>18</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Active antibacterial and antifouling surface coating via a facile one-step enzymatic cross-linking</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Prevention of microbial contamination of surfaces is one of the biggest challenges for biomedical applications. Establishing a stable, easily produced, highly antibacterial surface coating offers an efficient solution but remains a technical difficulty. Here, we report on a new approach to create an in situ hydrogel film-coating on glass surfaces made by enzymatic cross-linking under physiological conditions. The cross-linking is catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/glucose oxidase (GOD)-coupled cascade reactions in the presence of glucose and results in 3D dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) scaffolds bound to the surface of glass.&#13;
These scaffolds continuously release H2O2 as long as glucose is present in the system. The resultant polymeric coating is highly stable, bacterial-repellent, and functions under physiological conditions. Challenged with high loads of bacteria (OD540 = 1.0), this novel hydrogel and glucose-amended coating reduced the cell viability of Pseudomonas putida (Gram-negative) by 100% and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) by ≥40%, respectively. Moreover, glucose-stimulated production of H2O2 by the coating system was sufficient to kill both test bacteria (at low titers) with &gt;99.99% Efficiency within 24 h. In the presence of glucose, this platform produces a coating with high effectiveness against bacterial adhesion and survival that can be envisioned for the applications in the glucose-associated medical/oral devices.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Biomacromolecules</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01527</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1525-7797</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1526-4602</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.02.2017</enrichment>
    <author>C. Wu</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>K. Achazi</author>
    <author>Petra Landsberger</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>R. Haag</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antifouling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilm</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacterial adhesion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>24210</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>769</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>844</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin, Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Biogenic impact on materials</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Materials as constituents of products or components of technical systems rarely exist in isolation and many must cope with exposure in the natural world. This chapter describes methods that simulate how a material is influenced through contact with living systems such as microorganisms and arthropods. Both unwanted and desirable interactions are considered. This biogenic impact on materials is intimately associated with the environment to which the material is exposed (Materials-Environment Interaction, Chap. 15). Factors such as moisture, temperature and availability of food sources all have a significant influence on biological systems. Corrosion (Chap. 12) and wear (Chap. 13) can also be induced or enhanced in the presence of microorganisms. Section 14.1 introduces the categories between desired (biodegradation) and undesired (biodeterioration) biological effects on materials. It also introduces the role of biocides for the protection of materials. Section 14.2 describes the testing of wood as a building material especially against microorganisms and insects. Section 14.3 characterizes the test methodologies for two other groups of organic materials, namely polymers (Sect. 14.3.1) and paper and textiles (Sect. 14.3.2). Section 14.4 deals with the susceptibility of inorganic materials such as metals (Sect. 14.4.1), concrete (Sect. 14.4.2) and ceramics (Sect. 14.4.3) to biogenic impact. Section 14.5 treats the testing methodology concerned with the performance of coatings and coating materials. In many of these tests specific strains of organisms are employed. It is vital that these strains retain their ability to utilize/attack the substrate from which they were isolated, even when kept for many years in the laboratory. Section 14.6 therefore considers the importance of maintaining robust and representative test organisms that are as capable of utilizing a substrate as their counterparts in nature such that realistic predictions of performance can be made.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Springer handbook of metrology and testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">26844</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-642-16640-2</identifier>
    <author>Ina Stephan</author>
    <author>P. Askew</author>
    <author>Anna Gorbushina</author>
    <author>Manfred Grinda</author>
    <author>Horst Hertel</author>
    <author>W.E. Krumbein</author>
    <author>R.-J. Müller</author>
    <author>Michael Pantke</author>
    <author>Rüdiger Plarre</author>
    <author>G. Schmitt</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Materialschutz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biologie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Organismus</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standard</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Prüfung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
