<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>32664</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Detection of a slipping soil area in an open coal pit by embedded fibre-optic sensing rods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Movements in geological areas are mostly concentrated on faults or slipping zones. Detection of movements reaching critical values is of crucial importance to avoid losses and harms. The paper presents a new technology of detecting deformations and movements in soil or rock massifs. The core part of the sensing system is a tiny rod with embedded optical sensor fibres. This deformation measurement system was developed and the sensing rod can be installed in a borehole and enables the detection of beginning soil movements. The amount of deformation in soil or rock formations can then be estimated. The sensing rod has an outer diameter of 3 mm to 6 mm and contains several optical fibres. One fibre is used as online measurement system and provides integral strain information along the whole length of the rod. In case of a safety-relevant deformation (warning signal), the second sensing system based on fibre Bragg grating sensors positioned close to the expected shear zone will be activated and records then resulting deformations in detail.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">OSMG-2014 - 5th International forum on opto-electronic sensor-based monitoring in geo-engineering (Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">35737</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">OSMG-2014 - 5th International forum on opto-electronic sensor-based monitoring in geo-engineering</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Nanjing, China</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.10.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">02.03.2015</enrichment>
    <author>Wolfgang Habel</author>
    <author>Detlef Hofmann</author>
    <author>H. Döring</author>
    <author>H. Jentsch</author>
    <author>A. Senze</author>
    <author>G. Kowalle</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fibre-optic strain sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Soil stability monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Early warning</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>29915</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>International society for structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Detection of slipping soil areas with embedded tiny vertical sensing rods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Critical soil zones where large areas along a shear joint might begin to slip should be recognized. In order to avoid damage, monitoring of such unstable zones is necessary. First, soil movements must be detected as early as possible, second, the amount of deformation should be estimated. Because geodetical methods do not provide information about deformation in the underground in different depths, the only way to come to information from possible shear zones is the installation of deformation measurement systems. A special installation method was developed to bring a long-gauge length measurement system into a borehole and transfer data of soil deformations into an installed sensing rod. The mostly vertically installed sensing rod has an outer diameter of 3 mm to 6 mm and contains several optical fibres. One fibre provides integral strain information along the whole length of the rod. To get this information, the phase difference between the fibre input and output is measured and the change of the total length of the fibre can be derived. This easy and cheap online sensing system delivers an early warning of soil deformations respectively possible slip as well as landslides. In case of warning, the second sensing system based on Fibre Bragg Grating sensors located close to the expected shear zone purposefully. It records resulting deformations in detail.&#13;
In this study, three main objectives were achieved: &#13;
a) development of tiny pultruded sensing rods with integrated optical sensor fibres, b) installation technology which enables the integration of the sensing rod during drilling and pile driving, and c) development of a stiff but elastic racking material to fix the rod in the soil and to transfer soil deformation into the stiffer sensing rod. &#13;
These three aspects including the fibre optical measurement systems are described; results from Press Deformation Test (PDT) are presented. Test results of the fibre optical online system are compared and evaluated with the results of conventional inclinometer measurements as well as numerical modelling. An outlook for further possibilities of usage of this monitoring system is given.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SHMII-6 - 6th International conference on structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure (Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">32852</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-962-367-768-4</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">SHMII-6 - 6th International conference on structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Hong Kong, China</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.12.2013</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">11.12.2013</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.01.2014</enrichment>
    <author>H. Jentsch</author>
    <author>A. Schwartz</author>
    <author>Frank Basedau</author>
    <author>K. Bazrafshan</author>
    <author>H. Döring</author>
    <author>S. Großwig</author>
    <author>Detlef Hofmann</author>
    <author>G. Kowalle</author>
    <author>Nadine Kusche</author>
    <author>R. Lorenz</author>
    <author>T. Pfeiffer</author>
    <author>M.R.S. Sadaghiani</author>
    <author>E. Scholz</author>
    <author>A. Senze</author>
    <author>Viktoriya Tkachenko</author>
    <author>K. J. Witt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural health monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Soil stability monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical fibre strain-sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geotechnical soil stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Soil deformation modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>34544</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Paper 222, 1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Online-detection of slipping soil areas by embedded fiber-optic sensing rods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Movements in geological areas are often caused by shear zones deep in the underground or by hardly observable slipping zones. Detection of movements reaching critical values is of crucial importance to avoid losses and harms. Optical sensor fibers with gauge lengths of several meters or even distributed fiber-optic sensors with gauge lengths of hundreds of meters allow detecting deformation of such zones with quite good resolution. The paper presents a new technology of detecting deformations and movements in soil or rock massifs. The core part of the sensing system is a tiny pultruded rod with an outer diameter of 3 mm to 6 mm. It contains two fiber-optic sensor systems. One sensor system is used for permanent online measurement and provides integral strain information along the whole length of the rod; in case of critical deformations, it provides a warning signal. The second sensing system uses fiber-optic Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors located close to the expected shear zone. This measurement system will be activated after the warning signal has been initiated by the integral strain measurement system. The FBG strain sensor system records then resulting deformations in detail. The sensing rod containing both sensor systems can be installed in a borehole to detect beginning soil movements automatically. The electronic equipment is powered by a solar panel; the amount of deformation in soil or rock formations can be estimated from the strain change measured in the sensor fibers. The effectiveness of this warning system will be shown using the example of a critically sliding slope in an open brown coal pit in Germany.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SMAR 2015 - 3rd Conference on smart monitoring, assessment and rehabilitation of civil structures (Proceedings)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">37680</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-905594-65-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">SMAR 2015 - 3rd Conference on smart monitoring, assessment and rehabilitation of civil structures</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Antalya, Turkey</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.09.2015</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">09.09.2015</enrichment>
    <author>Wolfgang Habel</author>
    <author>Frank Basedau</author>
    <author>Detlef Hofmann</author>
    <author>Katerina Krebber</author>
    <author>H. Jentsch</author>
    <author>A. Senze</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SHM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reliability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fibre-optic sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Maintenance</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Weder Datei noch physisches Exemplar vorhanden ("No Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
