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  <doc>
    <id>50712</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>022028</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>022028-9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>32</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Laser Institute of America</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">On the influence of TiB2, TiC, and TiN hard particles on the microstructure of localized laser dispersed AISI D2 tool steel surfaces</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The control of friction and wear is a major concern in many industrial applications. A promising method for tailored surface modification is the so-called laser implantation technique. This method combines surface texturing and material optimization in one processing step by a localized dispersing of hard ceramic particles using pulsed laser radiation. Wear resistant, protruding micrometric features (implants) with defined geometry can be created in a deterministic pattern where needed on highly stressed surfaces, i.e., on forming or cutting tools.&#13;
However, in order to maintain the implants over the tool’s lifetime, a suitable selection of hard ceramic particles is a prerequisite. They must provide a defect-free metal matrix composite with a high share of homogeneously distributed particles and, especially, high implant hardness. In this study, TiN, TiC, and TiB2 hard particles were compared as implant materials for the first time. By a systematic variation of pulse power and pulse duration, their dispersing behavior and influence on the material properties of AISI D2 tool steel were investigated.&#13;
Although all powder materials had grain sizes smaller than 10 μm, it was possible to disperse them by pulsed laser radiation and to obtain defect-free protruding implants. The highest share of dispersed particles (∼64%) was observed for TiB2. By scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, it was also shown that a significant share of the preplaced particles was dissolved by the laser beam and precipitated as nanometer sized particles within the matrix during solidification. These in situ formed particles have a decisive influence on the material properties. While the TiN and TiC implants have shown maximum hardness values of 750 and 850 HV1, the TiB2 implants have shown the highest hardness values with more than 1600 HV1. By x-ray diffraction, it was possible to ascribe the lower hardness values of TiC and TiN implants to high amounts of retained austenite in the metal matrix. By implanting TiB2, the formation of retained austenite was successfully suppressed due to the in situ formation of TiC particles, which was proven by electron backscatter diffraction.&#13;
In conclusion, all the implant materials are basically suitable for laser implantation on AISI D2 tool steel. However, TiB2 has shown&#13;
the most promising results.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Laser Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2351/7.0000059</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICALEO 2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Orlando, FL, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.10.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.05.2020</enrichment>
    <author>Felix Spranger</author>
    <author>S. Schirdewahn</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>M. Merklein</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser implantation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface texturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AISI D2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TiB2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TiN</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TiC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Retained Austenite</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Localized laser dispersing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51098</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>68</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>4</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Localized Laser Dispersing of Titanium-Based Particles for Improving the Tribological Performance of Hot Stamping Tools</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Within the scope of this work, a new surface engineering technology named laser implantation has been investigated, in order to improve the tribological performance of hot stamping tools. This technique is based on manufacturing highly wear-resistant, separated, and elevated microfeatures by embedding hard ceramic particles into the tool surface via pulsed laser radiation.&#13;
Hence, the topography and material properties of the tool are modified, which influences the thermal and tribological interactions at the blank-die interface. To verify these assumptions and to clarify the cause–effect relations, different titanium-based particles (TiB2, TiC, TiN) were laser-implanted and subsequently analyzed regarding to their geometrical shape and mechanical properties. Afterwards, quenching tests as well as tribological experiments were carried out by using titanium-diboride as the most promising implantation material  for reducing the tribological load due to high hardness value of the generated implants. Compared to conventional tooling systems, the modified tool surfaces revealed a significantly higher wear resistance as well as reduced friction forces while offering the possibility to adjust the thermal interactions at the blank-die interface. Based on these results, a tailored tool surface modification can be pursued in future research work, in order to enhance the effectiveness of the hot stamping technology.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Processing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/jmmp4030068</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-510981</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>S. Schirdewahn</author>
    <author>Felix Spranger</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <author>M. Merklein</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hot stamping</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tribology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface modification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Localized laser dispersing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51098/jmmp-04-00068.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51417</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>901</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>904</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>94</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Localized dispersing of TiB2 and TiN particles via pulsed laser radiation for improving the tribological performance of hot stamping tools</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The aim of this study is to increase the tribological performance of hot stamping tools by using a laser implantation process. This technique allows the fabrication of separated, elevated and dome-shaped microfeatures on the tool surface in consequence of a localized dispersing of ceramic particles via pulsed laser radiation. Hence, the topography and material properties of the tool are modified, which influences the tribological interactions at the blank-die interface. However, an appropriate selection of ceramic particles is an essential prerequisite, in order to obtain tailored and highly wear resistant surface features. In this regard, different titanium-based hard particles (TiB2 and TiN) were laser-implanted on hot working tool specimens and subsequently tested by means of a modified pin-on-disk test regarding to their wear and friction behavior.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.069</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-514171</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>S. Schirdewahn</author>
    <author>Felix Spranger</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <author>M. Merklein</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface modification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tribology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser implantation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hot working tool steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hot stamping</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51417/Schirdewahn_Localized dispersing of TiB2 and TiN particles via pulsed laser radiation_Proc_CIRP.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51664</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1447</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1462</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, Schweiz</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical and experimental investigation of controlled weld pool displacement by electromagnetic forces for joining dissimilar materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to reduce CO2 emissions, an increasing interest in lightweight construction exists in the automotive industry, especially the multi-material-design approach. The main construction materials here are steels and aluminium alloys. Due to their different physical material properties and limited mutual solubility, these two materials cannot be joined thermally without difficulty. This paper presents a new joining approach for dissimilar materials. It uses electromagnetic displacement of a laser-generated melt pool to produce overlap joints between 1 mm steel (1.0330) and 2 mm aluminium alloy (EN AW 5754). Contactless induced Lorentz forces are generated by an alternating current (AC) magnet system. The controlled displacement of the aluminium alloy melt into the hole of the overlying steel sheet is investigated through numerical and experimental studies. The numerical results are compared with cross sections and thermocouple measurements. For the first time, it is possible to achieve a reproducible controlled melt pool displacement on thin sheets to produce overlap joints between dissimilar materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metals Special Issue Dissimilar Material Welding and Joining</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/met10111447</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-516640</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.12.2020</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Jennifer Heßmann</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Displacement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dissimilar materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Joining technology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electromagnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lorentz force</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical investigation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51664/Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Controlled _Metals_Jennifer Hessmann.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52978</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Lasertechnik e.V. (WLT)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Joining dissimilar materials a new approach based on laser beam welding and melt displacement by electromagnetic forces</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to reduce weight of vehicles, the interest in multi-material-design has been growing within the last few years. For vehicles the combination of steel and aluminium alloys offers the most promising compromise between weight, strength and formability. Thermal joining of these dissimilar materials is still a challenge to overcome. A possible approach is a new joining technology, whereby a combination of laser beam welding and contactless induced electromagnetic forces are used to displace the generated melt of one joining partner into a notch of the other. This paper presents the working principle and shows numerical analyses to improve the understanding of this joining process. The simulations help to calculate the thermal development of the joining partners, which is important for the formation of intermetallic phases. Furthermore, the calculation of the time required for a complete displacement is possible. The numerical results are validated by experimental results.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Lasers in Manufacturing (LiM) 2021</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">LiM 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">21.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Jennifer Heßmann</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Joining dissimilar materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electromagnetic forces</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel and aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53373</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">An electromagnetic approach to dissimilar metal welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To save weight without affecting the functional properties of vehicles, heavy materials must be replaced with lighter alternatives.Modern lightweight concepts have therefore been developed, featuring multi-material designs that require the joining of dissimilar materials.One new possible approach for the joining of dissimilar metals is based on laser welding and melt displacement by contactless induced electromagnetic forces.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Laser Systems Europe</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Jennifer Heßmann</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Joining dissimilar materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electromagnetic forces</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel and aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51657</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>93</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>104</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>405</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einfluss der Porosität auf die Duktilitätseigenschaften von additiv gefertigtem AlSi10Mg</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Werkstoffeigenschaften im selektiven Laserstrahlschmelz-Verfahren hergestellter Bauteile werden von einer Vielzahl technologischer Parameter beeinflusst, sodass sich die Fertigungsgüte verschiedener Anlagen voneinander unterscheiden kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht, inwiefern sich durch verschiedene nachgelagerte Wärmebehandlungen die Mikrostruktur und die quasistatischen Festigkeitseigenschaften von Proben aus der Aluminiumlegierung AlSi10Mg, die mit verschiedenen Anlagen, Pulvern, Belichtungsstrategien und Prozessparametern gefertigt wurden, harmonisieren lassen. Die Versuche zeigten u.a., dass die erheblichen Festigkeitsunterschiede im Ausgangszustand unabhängig von der angewendeten Wärmebehandlungsroute aufgehoben wurden. Dennoch wurden signifikante Unterschiede in der Duktilität ermittelt. Anhand umfangreicher Bruchflächenanalysen konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die in der Bruchfläche ermittelte Porosität eine lineare Korrelation zu der Bruchdehnung aufwies.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2509-8772</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">5. Tagung des Arbeitskreises Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online Meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.11.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.11.2020</enrichment>
    <author>A. Kempf</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wärmebehandlung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi10Mg</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ringversuch</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50316</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>Paper 138976, 12</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>776</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of sub-cell structure on the mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg manufactured by laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AlSi10Mg is one of the most applied alloys for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology, due to its great possibilities for implementing new lightweight concepts such as in automotive industries. For the component design it is necessary to know about the mechanical properties and the mechanical behaviour. The many published strength properties of LPBF processed AlSi10Mg show significant differences up to approximately 225 MPa in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 195 MPa in yield strength (YS). To understand these varying properties, a ring trial was carried out manufacturing specimens on 6 LPBF machines with different parameters and build-up strategies. They were studied in the as-built (AB) condition and after heat treatment at 300 °C for 30 min, respectively. For examining the mechanical properties, tensile tests and hardness measurements were carried out. The microstructure was characterized by optical light microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The identified differences in strength properties were discussed based on the 4 strengthening mechanism known for metallic materials and at the background of material defects. It was found that the size of the typical sub-cell structure of LPBF AlSi10Mg affected substantially the mechanical properties in the AB condition, in which with decreasing sub-cell size strength increased. If heat treatment was applied, the strength properties decreased and did not differ anymore. Since annealing led to coarsened sub-cells, whereas the grains itself did not change in size, the influence of sub-cell structure on strength was further confirmed. In addition, acicular precipitates in the AB condition were observed at specimens from one LPBF machine showing the lowest tensile elongation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Science &amp; Engineering A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.msea.2020.138976</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.03.2020</enrichment>
    <author>A. Kempf</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi10Mg</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50728</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>022031-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>022031-8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>32</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of welding parameters on electromagnetic supported degassing of die-casted and wrought aluminum</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser beam welding of aluminum die casting is challenging. A large quantity of gases (in particular, hydrogen) is absorbed by aluminum during the die-cast manufacturing process and is contained in the base material in solved or bound form. After remelting by the laser, the gases are released and are present in the melt as pores. Many of these metallurgic pores remain in the weld seam as a result of the high solidification velocities. The natural (Archimedean) buoyancy is not sufficient to remove the pores from the weld pool, leading to process instabilities&#13;
and poor mechanical properties of the weld. Therefore, an electromagnetic (EM) system is used to apply an additional buoyancy&#13;
component to the pores. The physical mechanism is based on the generation of Lorentz forces, whereby an electromagnetic pressure is introduced into the weld pool. The EM system exploits the difference in electrical conductivity between poorly conducting pores (inclusions) and the comparatively better conducting aluminum melt to increase the resulting buoyancy velocity of the pores. Within the present study, the electromagnetic supported degassing is investigated in dependence on the laser beam power, welding velocity, and electromagnetic flux density. By means of a design of experiments, a systematic variation of these parameters is carried out for partial penetration laser beam welding of 6mm thick sheets of wrought aluminum alloy AlMg3 and die-cast aluminum alloy AlSi12(Fe), where the wrought alloy serves as a reference. The proportion of pores in the weld seams is determined using x-ray images, computed tomography images, and cross-sectional images. The results prove a significant reduction of the porosity up to 70% for both materials as a function of the magnetic flux density.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Laser Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2351/7.0000064</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICALEO 2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Orlando, FL, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.10.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">10.10.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">25.05.2020</enrichment>
    <author>André Fritzsche</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electromagnetic supported degassing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Die-casted aluminum</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51052</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>34</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>43</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>357</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Deutschland, Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Entwicklung einer neuartigen Fügetechnologie</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Vorstellung einer neuartigen Fügetechnologie für artungleiche Werkstoffe (Aluminium und Stahl) mit Hilfe von Laserstrahlschweißen und elektromagnetischer Schmelzbadbeeinflussung.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">40. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-071-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Assistentenseminar</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Braunlage, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.09.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.09.2019</enrichment>
    <author>Jennifer Heßmann</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laserstrahlschweißen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Artungleiche Werkstoffe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elektromagnetische Schmelzbadbeeinflussung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fügetechnologie</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stahl und Aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
